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Coherent heat patterns revealed by unsupervised classification of Argo temperature profiles in the North Atlantic Ocean ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Mercier, Herle; Fablet, Ronan; Tandeo, Pierre; Radcenco, Manuel Lopez; Lenca, Philippe; Feucher, Charlene; Le Goff, Clement.
A quantitative understanding of the integrated ocean heat content depends on our ability to determine how heat is distributed in the ocean and what are the associated coherent patterns. This study demonstrates how this can be achieved using unsupervised classification of Argo temperature profiles. The classification method used is a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) that decomposes the Probability Density Function of a dataset into a weighted sum of Gaussian modes. It is determined that the North Atlantic Argo dataset of temperature profiles con- tains 8 groups of vertically coherent heat patterns, or classes. Each of the temperature profile classes reveals unique and physically coherent heat distributions along the vertical axis. A key result of this study is...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Heat content; Classification North Atlantic; Stratification; Water mass; Thermocline; Argo; Pattern.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00363/47431/47456.pdf
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French National Report on Argo - 2015. Present status and future plans ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Cabanes, Cecile; Carval, Thierry; Coatanoan, Christine; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Lebreton, Nathanaele; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Poffa, Noe; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Thierry, Virginie.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00318/42967/42474.pdf
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Deep-Arvor floats (4000m) : first results and future plans ArchiMer
Thierry, Virginie; Mercier, Herle; Maze, Guillaume; Le Reste, Serge; Dutreuil, Vincent; Andre, Xavier; Lenault, Yannick.
The Deep-Arvor float is an Argo float designed to achieve more than 150 profiles at 4000m depth. It is equipped with a SBE41CP CTD. Oxygen measurements are in option (4330 optode). Two 3500 dbar models were deployed in 2012 and 2013. Two 4000 m (4120 db) industrials prototypes were deployed in 2014. We expect to deploy twelve 4000 m floats in 2015 and 2016. Results at sea of the first 4 Deep-Arvor are presented.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2015 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00281/39195/37749.pdf
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French National Report on Argo -­ 2013. Present status and future plans ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Cabanes, Cecile; Coatanoan, Christine; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Lebreton, Nathanaele; Le Reste, Serge; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Mamaca, Emina; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Thierry-theetten, Virginie.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00180/29100/27514.pdf
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Global Interior Eddy Available Potential Energy Diagnosed from Argo Floats ArchiMer
Roullet, Guillaume; Capet, Xavier; Maze, Guillaume.
By combining all Argo profiles for the period 2002 to present, a cumulative density function is constructed on a 3D grid of the global ocean. This function quantifies the statistics of isopycnals: time-averaged density, root- mean square (rms) of isopycnal displacement, and Eddy Available Potential Energy (EAPE). EAPE is the analogue of the eddy kinetic energy, but for the potential energy reservoir. Because it is essentially tied to the spatial struc- ture and magnitude of mesoscale activity, EAPE is an important quantity that should be useful to evaluate eddy resolving/permitting model turbu- lence and circulation. Among other striking features are the turbulent be- havior of Pacific and southern Atlantic Tsuchiya jets and subsurface EAPE maxima in some...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Argo floats; Eddy available potential energy; Interior turbulence.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00175/28579/26966.pdf
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French National Report on Argo - 2014. Present status and future plans ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Cabanes, Cécile; Carval, Thierry; Coatanoan, Christine; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Lebreton, Nathanaelle; Le Reste, Serge; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Thierry, Virginie.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2015 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00254/36504/35050.pdf
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Large-scale structure of the pycnocline stratification in subtropical gyres ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Feucher, Charlene; Mercier, Herle; Dewar, William.
In a changing climate, a description of the permanent pycnocline, which is globally coherent and independant from any thermohaline properties, is required in order to provide a reference state for the identification of the warm water sphere variability. Using a recently developped pattern recognition method applied to stratification profiles from Argo in situ data, this study presents such a reference state for the subtropical latitudes and the 2000-2015 period. With this method, a mode water core is recognised as a stratification minimum that is, possibly temporarely, trapped below the seasonal pycnocline. The permanent pycnocline is recognised as the stratification maximum localised below that mode water core.  First, we will show that away from...
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2018 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00435/54641/56060.pdf
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Water Mass and Biogeochemical Variability in the Kerguelen Sector of the Southern Ocean: A Machine Learning Approach for a Mixing Hotspot ArchiMer
Rosso, Isabella; Mazloff, Matthew R.; Talley, Lynne D.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Freeman, Natalie M.; Maze, Guillaume.
The Southern Ocean (SO) is one of the most energetic regions in the world, where strong air‐sea fluxes, oceanic instabilities, and flow‐topography interactions yield complex dynamics. The Kerguelen Plateau (KP) region in the Indian sector of the SO is a hotspot for these energetic dynamics, which result in large spatio‐temporal variability of physical and biogeochemical (BGC) properties throughout the water column. Data from Argo floats (including biogeochemical) are used to investigate the spatial variability of intermediate and deep water physical and BGC properties. An unsupervised machine learning classification approach is used to organize the float profiles into five SO frontal zones based on their temperature and salinity structure between 300 and...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Southern Ocean; Kerguelen Plateau; Argo; Unsupervised clustering; Machine learning.
Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00613/72471/71438.pdf
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The Atlantic Ocean main pycnocline from Argo data ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Thierry-theetten, Virginie; Mercier, Herle.
At mid-latitudes, the oceanic vertical structure of density is characterized by a permanent highly stratified layer: the pycnocline. The pycnocline is the transition layer between surface water masses ventilated every winter when penetrated locally by the mixed layer and deeper water masses which have been ventilated at high latitudes and circulate equatorward. The pycnocline thus reflects a large scale balance between the penetration of local air-sea interactions and the re-emergence of remote ones. The overall question we want to address is whether and to which extent the variability of the pycnocline properties (depth, thickness and thermohaline characteristics) are influenced by those of air-sea interactions. To this end, we first developed a new...
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00133/24435/22448.pdf
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CORIOLIS. Rapport d’activités 2016 ArchiMer
Pouliquen, Sylvie; Maze, Guillaume; Lebreton, Nathanaele; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Alory, Gaël; Delcroix, Thierry; Bourles, Bernard; Blouch, Pierre; Guinet, Christophe; Gouriou, Yves; Gaillard, Fabienne; Heyndrickx, Céline; Le Menn, Marc; Testor, Pierre; Donato, Vincent; Charria, Guillaume; Carval, Thierry; Reverdin, Gilles; Emzivat, Gilbert.
Rapport d'activité Coriolis pour l'année 2016 dans le cadre de la convention cadre Coriolis 2014-2020
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00388/49970/50562.pdf
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Surface predictor of overturning circulation and heat content change in the subpolar North Atlantic ArchiMer
Desbruyères, Damien; Mercier, Herle; Maze, Guillaume; Daniault, Nathalie.
The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) impacts ocean and atmosphere temperatures on a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Here we use observational datasets to validate model-based inferences on the usefulness of thermodynamics theory in reconstructing AMOC variability at low frequency, and further build on this reconstruction to provide prediction of the near-future (2019–2022) North Atlantic state. An easily observed surface quantity – the rate of warm to cold transformation of water masses at high latitudes – is found to lead the observed AMOC at 45∘ N by 5–6 years and to drive its 1993–2010 decline and its ongoing recovery, with suggestive prediction of extreme intensities for the early 2020s. We further demonstrate that AMOC...
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Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00503/61443/65162.pdf
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Surface vertical PV fluxes and subtropical mode water formation in an eddy-resolving numerical simulation ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Deshayes, Julie; Marshall, John; Treguier, Anne-marie; Chronis, Alexandros; Vollmer, Lukas.
Subtropical mode waters are characterized by low potential vorticity (PV) and so the mechanisms by which PV is extracted from the ocean by air–sea interaction are of great relevance to our understanding of how mode waters are formed. This study analyzes those mechanisms by comparing the magnitude and spatial patterns of surface PV fluxes of diabatic and frictional origin in a high resolution numerical simulation of the North Atlantic. The model resolves mesoscale eddies and exhibits realism in the volume and regional distribution of subtropical mode water, both in the annual-mean and seasonal cycle. It is found that the diabatic and mechanic fluxes of PV through the sea surface are of similar amplitude locally, but their spatial structures are very...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Subtropical mode water; Potential vorticity flux; Mesoscale turbulence.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00133/24434/22520.pdf
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Mean structure of the North Atlantic subtropical permanent pycnocline from in-situ observations ArchiMer
Feucher, Charlene; Maze, Guillaume; Mercier, Herle.
In the north Atlantic subtropical gyre, the oceanic vertical structure of density is characterized by a region of rapid increase with depth. This layer is called the permanent pycnocline. The permanent pycnocline is found below a surface mode water ,which are ventilated every winter when penetrated locally by the mixed layer. Assessing the structure and variability of the permanent pycnocline is of a major interest in the understanding of the climate system because the pycnocline layer delimits important heat and anthropogenic reservoir. Moreover, the heat content structure translate into changes in the large scale stratification feature, such as the permanent pycnocline. We developed a new objective algorithm for the characterization of the large scale...
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Ano: 2016 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00318/42870/42351.pdf
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Stratégie nationale pour les déploiements d'opportunité des profileurs du réseau global Argo ArchiMer
Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Carval, Thierry; Claustre, Hervé; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Lebreton, Nathanaele; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Maze, Guillaume; Poffa, Noe; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Poteau, Antoine; Schmechtig, Catherine; Thierry, Virginie.
To ensure the maintenance of the international Argo network of autonomous profiling float (www.argo.net), France is committed to contribute to deploy a significant part of the global network (around 10%). The profiling floats of the Argo-France program are founded by Ifremer and SHOM, supported by the French “Ministère de l’Enseignement Supérieur, de la Recherche et de l’Innovation” funding via the “Très Grande Infrastructure de recherche” (TGIR), “Contrat de Plan État-Région” (CPER), PIA projects such as Equipex NAOS, and CNES. These purchases are part of the Coriolis inter-agency partnership. Between 50 and 70 T/S type profiling floats (Temperature / Salinity), T / S / DO (Dissolved Oxygen), Deep (Deep) and BGC (Biogeochemical) are purchased each year. A...
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Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00481/59297/61991.pdf
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French National Report on Argo - 2019 ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Andre, Xavier; Cabanes, Cécile; Carval, Thierry; Claustre, Hervé; Coatanoan, Christine; D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Lebreton, Nathanaele; Le Traon, Pierre-yves; Poteau, Antoine; Poffa, Noe; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Sauzede, Raphaëlle; Schmechtig, Catherine; Thierry, Virginie.
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Ano: 2020 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00620/73198/72392.pdf
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DMQC Cookbook for Core Argo parameters ArchiMer
Cabanes, Cecile; Angel-benavides, Ingrid; Buck, Justin; Coatanoan, Christine; Dobler, Delphine; Herbert, Gaelle; Klein, Birgit; Maze, Guillaume; Notarstefano, Guilio; Owens, Breck; Thierry, Virginie; Walicka, Kamila; Wong, Annie.
This cookbook is to document the end-to-end processing chain of Delayed Mode Quality Control (DMQC) of Core Argo parameters. It provides guidlines on existing manuals, and explains best practices through case studies. This document was initiated after the 1st EU DMQC workshop held in Brest in April 2018, under the MOCCA project.  Lately, this work has been undertaken under EuroArgo RISE project. The document is organized as follows.The first part gives some general information (e.g.: How to check quality indicators in delayed mode? What are the reference databases? How to correct pressure? How to use the OWC software to correct salinity? What are the common failures? etc.). The second part gives more specific information for the regional analysis (specific...
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2021 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00678/78994/82152.pdf
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SOMOVAR project: “Detection and understanding of the North- Atlantic Ocean Subtropical Gyre low-frequency Variability”. Focus on the 2005-2015 Eighteen Degree Water variability ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume; Li, Ke; Mercier, Herle.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00591/70278/68341.pdf
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Interactions basses fréquences océan-atmosphère dans l’océan Austral ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume.
Patterns of interannual variability of the ocean- atmosphere coupled system in the Southern Hemisphere ex- tratropics are studied with a simple dynamical model, in or- der to determine the basic physical processes of interaction independently of tropical forcing. The model used is an at- mospheric quasi-geostrophic model coupled to a "slab" oceanic mixed layer, which includes mean geostrophic advection by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). The ocean-atmosphere coupling occurs through surface heat fluxes and Ekman cur- rent heat advection. In a fully coupled simulation, the atmos- pheric part of the model, which includes high frequency tran- sient eddies at midlatitudes, exhibits a strong Southern Annu- lar Mode (SAM) as the first mode of variability...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Climat; Océan Austral; Mode annulaire; Basse fréquence; Interactions océan-atmosphère; Variabilité; Climat; Southern Ocean; Annular mode; Low frequency; Ocean-atmosphere interactions; Variability.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00186/29734/28147.pdf
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Subtropical Mode Waters and Permanent Pycnocline properties in the World Ocean ArchiMer
Feucher, Charlene; Maze, Guillaume; Mercier, Herle.
A global reference state of the subtropical mode waters and permanent pycnoclines properties for the 2000‐2015 period is presented. The climatology is obtained from a pattern recognition algorithm applied to stratification profiles from the Argo global array. The stratification features are identified as permanent upper ocean pycnostad and pycnocline even when the seasonal pycnocline is developed. The climatology shows that both Northern Hemisphere subtropical gyres have a qualitatively very similar stratification structure. The permanent pycnocline in the North Atlantic and North Pacific show two deep centers colocated with thick subtropical and subpolar mode waters. These centers coincide with modes in the density and stratification space. These deep...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Subtropical gyre; Pycnocline; Argo; Global ocean; Stratification.
Ano: 2019 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00480/59176/61817.pdf
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A new information and data mining tool for North Atlantic Argo Data ArchiMer
Maze, Guillaume.
Tipo: Text
Ano: 2012 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00114/22551/20239.pdf
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