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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel. |
| This paper uses cross-sectional individual data from the 1994 Integrated Household Survey of Romania to analyze the determinants of male and female wages in public and private enterprises. Using quantile regression, the rate of return to education and experience at different quantiles of the wage distribution is estimated. Higher levels of education are significantly associated with higher wages for both males and females in public firms. In private firms, only college education is correlated with significantly higher wages. Differences in individual characteristics are found to explain the highest portion of the male-female wage differential in Romania in both sectors. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94851 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel; McClafferty, Bonnie. |
| Programa Nacional de Educacion, Salud y Alimentacion (PROGRESA) is one of the major programs of the Mexican government aimed at developing the human capital of poor households. Targeting its benefits directly to the population in extreme poverty in rural areas, it aims to alleviate current poverty through monetary and in-kind benefits, as well as reduce future levels of poverty by encouraging investments in education, health, and nutrition. This document summarizes 24 months of extensive research by the International Food Policy Research Institute designed to evaluate whether PROGRESA has been successful at achieving its goals. The evaluation analyzes what has been the impact of PROGRESA on education, health, and nutrition as well as in other areas, such... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16418 |
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| Hoddinott, John; Skoufias, Emmanuel. |
| As exemplified by the Millennium Declaration of the United Nations, the reduction of poverty and hunger are now seen as central objectives of international development. Yet the modalities for attaining these goals are contested. Further, while it might be assumed that interventions that alleviate poverty will automatically reduce hunger, a number of studies of the relationship between income and the acquisition of food suggest that this assumption may be incorrect. This paper contributes to this debate through an analysis of a Mexican antipoverty program called PROGRESA (the Programa de Educacion, Salud y Alimentacion). PROGRESA provides cash transfers linked to children’s enrollment and regular school attendance and to clinic attendance. By 2000, it... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16464 |
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| Coady, David P.; Skoufias, Emmanuel. |
| We show how the so-called distributional characteristic of a policy instrument can be additively decomposed into two components: one that captures the targeting efficiency of the instrument, the other its redistributive efficiency. Using these measures, we provide an interpretation of the commonly used leakage and undercoverage rates (and other indices based on these concepts) within standard welfare theory. Essentially, one can interpret such indices as special (and restrictive) cases of the targeting efficiency index. As well as failing to capture the relative redistributive efficiencies of policy instruments, they also implicitly assume a set of value judgments consistent only with the commonly used poverty gap. For illustrative purposes, we present an... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16470 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel; Parker, Susan W.. |
| The worsening degradation of natural resources urgently requires the adoption of more sustainable management practices. This need has led to growing interest and investment in monitoring systems for tracking the condition of natural resources. Although grounded in concepts of sustainability, the application of monitoring systems has progressed little beyond the identification and measurement of large numbers of potentially interesting indicators. Most monitoring activities are also passive and do not lead to the changes needed to rectify the problems they identify. Too often monitoring becomes an end in itself and an expensive claim on public funds. This study is concerned with the design of monitoring systems that have direct relevance for the management... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16472 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel. |
| In the second half of the twentieth century, many developing countries adopted broad social assistance programs, like food subsidies, ostensibly designed to help poor people. Their effectiveness was mixed and, unfortunately, many of these expensive programs did not make much difference in the lives of poor people, much less help them climb permanently out of poverty. In the 1990s Mexico took a completely new approach. It launched a social program— PROGRESA—that was revolutionary in two ways. First, PROGRESA aimed to integrate interventions in health, education, and nutrition simultaneously, based on an understanding that these dimensions of human welfare are interdependent and that poor health, education, and nutrition are both causes and consequences of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Rural poor; Government policy; Programa de Educación; Salud y Alimentación (Mexico City; Mexico); Evaluation; Poverty; Government policy; Mexico; Social policy; Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37891 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel; Davis, Benjamin; de la Vega, Sergio. |
| This report reevaluates PROGRESA’s targeting methods since the program began adding beneficiary households through a process called “densification.” The authors first evaluate PROGRESA’s accuracy in targeting both at the community and household levels. Second, they evaluate the targeting in terms of its impact on poverty alleviation relative to other feasible methods assuming the same total budget. The first step is accomplished by comparing PROGRESA’s method to an alternative selection method based on household consumption. For the second task, the costs associated with different schemes are compared for their effects on the budget available for poverty alleviation. Schemes considered include uniform transfers that involve no targeting, targeting based on... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16463 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel; Quisumbing, Agnes R.. |
| This paper synthesizes the results of five studies using household panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Mali, Mexico and Russia, which examine the extent to which households are able through formal and/or informal arrangements to insure their consumption from specific economic shocks and fluctuations in their real income. Building on the recent literature of consumption smoothing and risk sharing, the degree of consumption insurance is defined by the degree to which the growth rate of household consumption covaries with the growth rate of household income. All the cases studies show that food consumption is better insured than nonfood consumption from idiosyncratic shocks. Adjustments in nonfood consumption appear to act as a mechanism for partially... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Consumption; Ethiopia; Income; Mali; Mexico; Poverty; Risk-sharing; Russia; Vulnerability; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16424 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel. |
| The calorie-income demand elasticity is an important parameter in the development literature and in the policy arena. Yet, there is very little evidence on the extent to which it can be considered as an unchanging parameter or a time-shifting parameter that, for example, changes with the economic conditions faced by households. In this paper I use data from the 1996 and 1999 National Socio-Economic Surveys (SUSENAS) in Indonesia to examine whether the relationship between income changes and caloric availability has changed and if so, how. Using the same questionnaire, the SUSENAS surveys collect detailed information on more than 200 different food items consumed over the last seven days by 60,000 households at the same point in each survey year. I use... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16438 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel; Coady, David P.. |
| We evaluate the size of the welfare losses from using alternative “imperfect” welfare indicators as substitutes for the conventionally preferred consumption indicator. We find that whereas the undercoverage and leakage welfare indices always suggest substantial losses, and the poverty indices suggest substantial losses for the worst performing indices, our preferred welfare index based on standard welfare theory suggests much smaller welfare losses. We also find that we cannot reject the hypothesis that the welfare losses associated with using the better performing alternative indicators are zero. In the case of our preferred welfare index, this reflects the fact that most of the targeting errors, i.e., exclusion and inclusion errors, are highly... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16448 |
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| Skoufias, Emmanuel; Parker, Susan W.. |
| We use individual observations from a panel of families during the period of the peso crisis in Mexico to investigate whether and how labor market shocks, as proxied by changes in the gender- and age-specific unemployment rates in the metropolitan area of the household, affect the intertemporal time allocation of adult members and children. Our findings suggest that significant added-worker effects are in operation, especially for adult females of poorer households and in some cases children. The same shocks also increase significantly the probability that children do not continue school in the next year. We also present evidence suggesting differential treatment based on the sex of children within families. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16405 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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