SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Traill, W. Bruce; Arnoult, Matthieu H.; Chambers, Stephanie A.; Deaville, E.R.; Gordon, Michael H.; John, P.; Jones, Philip J.; Kliem, K.E.; Mortimer, S.R.; Tiffin, J. Richard.

Concern over diet-health relationships has moved to the forefront of public health concerns in the UK and much of the developed world. It has been estimated, for example, that obesity costs the UK National Health Service up to £6b per year (Rayner and Scarborough, 2005), but if all consumers were to follow recommended healthy eating guidelines there would be major implications for food consumption, land use and international trade (Srinivasan et al, 2006). This is unlikely to happen, at least in the short term, but it is realistic to anticipate some dietary adjustment toward the recommendations, resulting in an improvement in diet quality (Mazzocchi et al, 2007). Although consumers are reluctant to make major changes to their diets, they may be prepared to...

Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies: Distributional Impacts and Welfare Effects

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49893

The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall effectiveness of such fiscal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of fiscal food policies on society. This paper fills a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare effects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on different food groups. Using the methods derived from marginal tax reform theory, a formal welfare economics framework is developed allowing the calculation of the distributional characteristics of various food groups and approximate welfare measures of prices changes caused by a tax-subsidy combination. The distributional characteristics reveal that many of the food...

Minimum pricing of alcohol and its impact on consumption in the UK

Palavras-chave: Distributional characteristic; Fat tax; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Welfare.; Health Economics and Policy; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30..

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91754

Arnoult, Matthieu H.; Tiffin, J. Richard.

A complete model of food demand is estimated for UK households, focusing on alcohol consumption both at home and outside. Using EFS data for 2005-06, several AIDS models have been estimated at different aggregation levels, thus defining a hierarchical system which allows for computation of cross elasticities between finely disaggregated food groups. At the bottom level of the system, elasticities for 9 groups of alcoholic drinks are computed, 4 of which corresponding to home consumption, 5 corresponding to outside consumption. Estimates from the upper levels of aggregation are used to acknowledge substitution and complementarity effect between these 9 groups and all other food groups consumed. Based on alcohol content of the different drinks studied, their...

TESTING SYMMETRY AND HOMOGENEITY IN THE AIDS WITH COINTEGRATED DATA USING FULLY-MODIFIED ESTIMATION AND THE BOOTSTRAP

Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91810

Tiffin, J. Richard; Balcombe, Kelvin George.

Convential SUR estimation of the AIDS is shown to lead to small sample bias and distortions in the size of a Wald test for symmetry and homogeneity when the data are cointegrated. A fully-modified estimator is developed in an attempt to remedy these problems. It is shown that this estimator reduces the small sample bias but fails to eliminate the size distortion. Bootstrapping is shown to be ineffective as a method of removing small sample bias in both the conventional and fully modified estimators. Bootstrapping is effective however as a method of removing the size distortion and performs equally well in this respect with both estimators.

Modelling the likely impact of healthy eating guidelines on agriculture in England and Wales

Palavras-chave: AIDS; Cointegration; Fully modified estimation; Bootstrapping; Demand and Price Analysis.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25845

Arnoult, Matthieu H.; Jones, Philip J.; Tranter, Richard B.; Tiffin, J. Richard; Traill, W. Bruce.

Household food consumption data is used to estimate likely changes in diet under healthy eating guidelines, and the consequences this would have on the agricultural sector in England and Wales. The first step entails imposing nutrient restrictions on food consumption following dietary recommendations. The resulting diet is then used as a proxy for demand in agricultural commodities, to test the impact of such a scenario on agricultural land use and production. Results of the diet optimisation indicate a severe drop in foods rich in saturated fats and sugar, essentially cheese and sugar-based products, along with lesser cuts in fat and meat products Conversely, consumption of fruit & vegetables, cereals, and flour would increase to meet dietary fibre...

The Impacts of Fat Taxes and Thin Subsidies on Nutrient Intakes

Palavras-chave: Dietary guidelines; Land use; Agricultural production; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44331

This paper examines the health effects of a fiscal food policy based on a combination of fat taxes and thin subsidies. The fat tax is based on the saturated fat content of food items while the thin subsidy is applied to select fruit and vegetable items. The policy is designed to be revenue neutral so the subsidy exactly offsets the revenue from the fat tax. A model of food demand is estimated using Bayesian methods that accounts for censoring and infrequency of purchase (the problem of unit values is also discussed). The estimated demand elasticities are used to compute nutrient elasticities which demonstrate how consumption of specific nutrients changes based on price changes in particular foods from the fiscal policy. Results show that although the fat...

THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF A FISCAL FOOD POLICY

Palavras-chave: Fat tax; Nutrient elasticities; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108789

This paper examines the health effects of a fiscal food policy based on a combination of fat taxes and thin subsidies. The fat tax is based on the saturated fat content of food items while the thin subsidy is applied to select fruit and vegetable items. The policy is designed to be revenue neutral so that the subsidy exactly offsets the revenue from the fat tax. A model of food demand is estimated using Bayesian methods that accounts for censoring and infrequency of purchase (the problem of unit values is also discussed). The estimated of demand elasticities are used to compute nutrient elasticities which demonstrate how consumption of specific nutrients changes based on price changes in particular foods from the fiscal policy. Results show that while the...

Impact of Income on Calorie and Nutrient Intakes: A Cross-Country Analysis

Palavras-chave: Bayesian estimation; Censoring; Fat tax; Infrequency of purchase; Nutrient elasticities; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Unit values; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116394

Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard; Balcombe, Kelvin George.

The relationship between income and nutrient intake is explored. Nonparametric, panel, and quantile regressions are used. Engle curves for calories, fat, and protein are approximately linear in logs with carbohydrate intakes exhibiting diminishing elasticities as incomes increase. Elasticities range from 0.10 to 0.25, with fat having the highest elasticities. Countries in higher quantiles have lower elasticities than those in lower quantiles. Results predict significant cumulative increases in calorie consumption which are increasingly composed of fats. Though policies aimed at poverty alleviation and economic growth may assuage hunger and malnutrition, they may also exacerbate problems associated with obesity.

Dynamic Strategic Behaviour in the Deregulated England and Wales Liquid Milk Market

Palavras-chave: Calorie and nutrient consumption; Food and nutrition policy; Income elasticities; Nonparametric; Panel; Quantile regression.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C14; C21; C23; O10; O47; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103647

Tiffin, J. Richard.

A model of dynamic oligopsony is estimated for the liquid milk market in the UK. The paper extends existing methods of estimating such models by allowing for the joint estimation of the market conduct equation and the input supply equation. This entails the estimation of a two equation model in which the parameters of one equation change between two regimes whilst those of the other do not. Our results provide little evidence of dynamic strategic behaviour and suggest that the farm-gate price of milk is determined competitively.

The UK Consumer's Attitudes to, and Willingness to Pay for, imported Foods

Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; D4; L1; Q13.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25282

Arnoult, Matthieu H.; Lobb, Alexandra E.; Tiffin, J. Richard.

We report results from an investigation into consumer preferences for locally produced foods. Using a choice experiment we estimate willingness to pay for foods of a designated origin together with certification for Organic and GM free status. Our results indicate that there is a preference for locally produced food which is GM free, Organic and produced in the traditional season.

The Distributional Consequences of a Fiscal Food Policy: Evidence From the UK

Palavras-chave: Imported food; Seasonality; Willingness-to-pay; Choice experiment; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7893