|
|
|
|
|
| Oniki,Yoshika; Antunes,Alexsander Z.; Willis,Edwin O.. |
| The hummingbird Amazilia lactea (Lesson, 1832) built a nest in São Paulo, Brazil, in the spring (Oct) and added lichens during incubation. The female incubated over 70 per cent of the day, 1-56 min per visit, and brooded two small young somewhat less; brooding stopped by about 10 days of age, as did night brooding. Lack of night brooding for large young hummingbirds may reflect lack of space in a small nest. Young stayed in the nest 19 days. Feedings were widely spaced, and presence of possible predators caused alarm. |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Amazilia lactea; Nest; Behavior; Brazil. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212000000200007 |
| |
|
|
| Willis,Edwin O.; Oniki,Yoshika. |
| In uplands and lowlands of Santa Teresa, central Espírito Santo State, Brazil, 405 bird species were confirmed by field, museum, and literature studies. Of these, 16 seem to have disappeared, while 67 other species seem to have been lost from the lowlands (where no large biological reserves exist). Due to a suggestion that human areas add species to beta-diversity, we verified that up to 79 species now present have perhaps "invaded" with human activity (and 10 others are likely to invade), a total similar to that for lost species. However, lost species are often rare and invading species often widespread, resulting in exchange of "Picassos for Coca-Cola bottles." Furthermore, gains exceed losses only when large biological reserves are present, as in the... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Atlantic forest; Avifaunas; Beta-diversity; Biodiversity; Biogeography; Biological reserves; Espírito Santo; Luxury tax; Productivity. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492002000900001 |
| |
|
|
| Willis,Edwin O.. |
| Antwrens of the genus Myrmotherula (Formicariidae) are common members of mixed flocks in the understory of neotropical forest, but rarely follow army ants more than a few minutes as a flock passes. Antwrens that glean in open foliage (axillaris, longipennis) and ones that forage on dead foliage (fulviventris and relatives) apparently have to canvass large areas too rapidly to stay with slow-moving ants. Antwrens that glean low foliage of vertical seedlings (guttata, hauxwelli, gularis) can stay near ants only in such patches, despite close resemblance to sallying and hence less microhabitat-limited Hylophylax antbirds, some of which follow ants regularly. |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
|
| Ano: 1983 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751983000300006 |
| |
|
|
| Willis,Edwin O.. |
| Antbirds of the genera Myrmeciza (including Sipia and Myrmoborus), Gymnocichla, and Sclateria hop near or on the ground in fairly dense vegetation, "pounding" their tails downward. Where dense understory vegetation is widespread and ants move in it for long distances, certain of these antbirds become regular ant followers: M. immaculata and M. fortis in cluttered moist foothill forest from Costa Rica to upper Amazonia; Gymnocichla nudiceps in moist cluttered second growth of Central America to Colombia. Where the forest understory is more open, Myrmeciza species follow ants mainly in cluttered patches: M. exsul in lowland forest west of the Andes, M. myotherina east of the Andes. Myrmeciza or relatives that specialize on water-edge or very dense zones... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
|
| Ano: 1984 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751984000300004 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Willis,Edwin O.. |
| Phlegopsis erythroptera (Formicariidae) follows army ants regularly for flushed arthropods between the Andes and the Negro/Madeira Rivers. Mainly a bird of terra firme forests, it is interspecifically aggressive. Low numbers at ant swarms are probably due to low productivity of arthropods flushed by ants on weathered terra firme soils, or to high species diversity of subordinate but active ant-following competitors in upper Amazonia. Sexual dimorphism of young and female erythroptera is attributed to low numbers over ants, so that dispersed individuals avoid attacks by bright-plumaged adult males rather than bluff them out at close range. Phlegopsis, Skutchia, Rhegmatorhina, and Gymnopithys are related to and perhaps congeneric with Pithys; all follow ants... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
|
| Ano: 1983 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751983000300008 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Willis,Edwin O.. |
| Hylophylax naevia of moderately dense forest undergrowth and H. punctulata of open swamp undergrowth tend to sally for arthropods in low foliage rather than sally to the ground among large ant-following antbirds. They and related Hypocnemoides melanopogon of swamp understory edges are also limited by their microhabitat niches in following ants. Myrmoderus ferrugineus and M. loricatus, ground-walking small antbirds seemingly derived from Hylophylax, follow ants infrequently, probably because ants, large ant-following birds, and predators would attack them if they did so. |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
|
| Ano: 1983 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751983000300007 |
| |
|
|
| Oniki,Yoshika; Willis,Edwin O.. |
| Abstract Birds that prey on arthropods flushed by army ants north of the eastern Amazon were studied at Serra do Navio and Reserva Ducke (Brazil) and at Nappi Creek and Bartica (Guyana). Regular ant-followers are two medium-sized antbirds (Percnostola rufifrons and Gymnopithys rufigula) and two smaller ones (Pithys albifrons and Hylophylax poecilonota), plus five woodcreepers of differing sizes (from very large Hylexetastes perrotti through Dendrocolaptes picumnus, D. certhia, and Dendrocincla merula to medium-sized Dendrocincla fuliginosa). Four other regular ant-followers occur in the region but were not found at the study areas. Forty-five species of casual or nonprofessional ant-followers, including 16 antbirds, 5 woodcreepers, and 5 manakins, also... |
| Ano: 1972 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59671972000200127 |
| |
|
|
|
