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| Registros recuperados: 25 | |
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| Worako, Tadesse Kumma; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.; Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta; Ayele, Gezahegn. |
| Coffee producers in Ethiopia have historically received a very small share of the export price of green coffee. Reasons that are often mentioned are heavy government intervention and high marketing and processing costs. Prior to 1992, government regulation of the domestic coffee market in the form of fixed producer prices and the monopoly power of the Ethiopian Coffee Marketing Corporation put a substantial wedge between the producer price and the world price of coffee by imposing an implicit tax on producers. The domestic coffee marketing system in Ethiopia was liberalised after 1992, which was envisaged to have a positive effect on producer prices and price transmission signals from world markets to producers. This paper, with the help of Cointegration... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Market deregulation; Producer price; Price transmission; Price asymmetry. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47658 |
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| Taljaard, Pieter R.; Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| A Linear Approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), estimated in first differences, was used to anticipate the demand relations for meat (beef, chicken, pork and mutton) in South Africa from 1970 2000. Two tests for weak separability, including an F and Likelihood ratio version, failed to reject the null hypothesis of weak separability, confirming that the four meat products are separable, and should be modelled together. According to the Hausman exogeneity test, the expenditure term in the South African meat demand model is exogenous. As a result, a Restricted Seemingly Unrelated Regression (RSUR) was used to estimate the model, whereafter the parameters were used as to calculate compensated, uncompensated and expenditure elasticities. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9496 |
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| Gronum, C.F.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.; du Plessis, J.H.. |
| The effect of policy on the South African soybean industry is analysed, using the policy analysis matrix. The absence of effective protection from cheap imports of soy-cake and -oil, as well as the ineffectiveness of the processing industry, lead to relatively low farmgate prices of soybeans in South Africa. This could result in producers using their resources for more profitable crops, thus depriving the South African feed industry to benefit from more full fat soy in feed rations. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54236 |
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| Taljaard, Pieter R.; Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| A linear approximated Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS), estimated in first differences, were used to estimate the demand relations for meat (beef, chicken, pork and mutton) in South Africa from 1970 2000. Two tests for weak separability, including an F and Likelihood ratio version, failed to reject the null hypothesis of weak seperability, confirming that the four meat products are separable, and should be modelled together. According to the Hausman exogeneity test, the expenditure term in the South African meat demand model is exogenous. As a result, a Restricted Seemingly Unrelated Regression (RSUR) was used to estimate the model, whereafter the estimated parameters were used to estimate compensated, uncompensated and expenditure elasticities. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19088 |
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| Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta; Oosthuizen, L.K.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| Agriculture in the Ethiopian economy has survived three major structural breaks, namely the 1974 change of policy in favour of a command-based economic system, the 1984 famine and the 1992 change of policy that introduced a market economy. A regression procedure was applied to analyze the effect of these breaks on the slope and intercept of agricultural GDP. In addition, statistical properties were studied to measure the degree of persistence of shocks in agricultural GDP. In the regression equation, only the 1984 famine was found to be significant. The non-significance of policy parameters in the regression equation could be associated with a lack of infrastructural facilities and the subsistence nature of Ethiopian agriculture. The study of the... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Political Economy; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19089 |
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| van der Merwe, J.D.; Cloete, Philip C.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| In the light of past development failures, coupled with the pressure on government to deliver on their promises made, a framework is needed to improve the success of rural agricultural development. Consequently, detailed agricultural development plans were drafted with the intent to provide a framework or roadmap that will enable small-scale farmers to be more successful over the long term. However, development plans can only improve the success of agricultural development once they are implemented. This conveys another dimension of agricultural development, with government that is often faced with strict budget constraints. Budget allocations to agricultural development initiatives should therefore be done in a way that will yield the highest economic,... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Development. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96435 |
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| Mashinini, Nkosazana N.; Obi, Ajuruchukwu; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| Recent shortfalls in the supply of maize in the Kingdom of Swaziland have exacerbated the country's growing food insecurity and led to fresh calls for full deregulation of the maize marketing system. The proponents of deregulation believe that it eliminates inefficient production and service units by transferring resources to their best alternative uses. While the theoretical foundations for that position are not questionable, no studies have to date explicitly investigated the effects of the current arrangements and the potential effects of full deregulation. This paper reports on a study that examined the welfare effects of the regulation of the country's maize industry and considered the likely impacts of full deregulation of the industry. Using a... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; D6; F13; I3; L5; Q18. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25511 |
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| Joubert, Christo J.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| The policy analysis matrix (PAM) was used in this study to determine the definable impact of policies on the Southern African Valencia industry. By using a PAM the effects of divergences between private and social values of revenue, tradable inputs, domestic inputs and profits are determined. With the calculation of the private cost coefficient, domestic resource cost coefficient, nominal protection coefficients on tradable outputs and inputs, effective protection coefficient, profitability coefficient and the producer subsidy ratio the effect that government policies had on the Southern African Valencia industry was highlighted. The results show distortions in the market, comparative advantages and the sensitivity of the industry. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54200 |
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| Alemu, Zerihun Gudeta; Oosterhuizen, K.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| This paper quantifies the responsiveness of producers of teff, wheat, maize and sorghum to incentives using an error-correction model (ECM). It is found that planned supply of these crops is positively affected by own price, negatively by prices of substitute crops and variously by structural breaks related to policy changes and the occurrence of natural calamities. It has found significant long-run price elasticities for all crop types and insignificant short-run price elasticities for all crops but maize. Higher and significant long-run price elasticities as compared to lower and insignificant short-run price elasticities are attributable to various factors, namely structural constraints, the theory of supply and the conviction that farmers respond when... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9497 |
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| Femi, Olubode-Awosola; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| South Africa's agricultural sector is characterized by a skewed participation of the population. There are vastly white commercial farmers and black subsistence farmers. This is attributed to the past government's intervention in the economy, which lead to exclusion of and discrimination against the blacks regarding access to land. The new government is committed to redressing this imbalance through agricultural reform and development strategies namely land, agrarian, trade and market reforms. One of the government's primary policy thrusts is to provide access to agricultural land for people not adequately represented in the agricultural sector. However, the government lacks sufficient resources to provide land and support services to the farmers been... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: E6; O1; Q15; P0; L12; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25725 |
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| Nell, Wilhelm T.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.; Sanders, John H.; Schwalbach, L.; Beste, C.J.. |
| A number of technology transfer (diffusion) programmes involving amongst others veterinary surgeon services subsidised by the government, were launched in the former homelands of South Africa between 1980 and 1993. Many of these programmes were discontinued after the general election of 1994. In order to evaluate the adoption of technology in Qwaqwa, a former Sotho speaking homeland, two Logit models were fit using the conventional definition of an adopter and an adapted definition, which included potential adopters with the adopters. Where the conventional definition of adoption was estimated, livestock income per LSU, ram technology, roads and suppliers of livestock inputs are significant variables contributing to adoption. The results of the adapted... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54887 |
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| Louw, D.B.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| The true value of irrigation water in the Olifants river irrigation system is determined using a static deterministic linear programming model. This paper illustrates that a water market will generate price signals which will reflect the true scarcity of water. If the water market is left to operate pareto optimality will be reached and the general welfare of the nation will increase. What is more, water which is a true scarce resource in South Africa will be used more effectively. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54453 |
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| Oyewumi, Olubukola Ayodeju; Jooste, Andre; Britz, Wolfgang; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| The liberalization of the agricultural sector and phasing out of past protection mechanisms in South Africa saw the introduction of a process of tariff reform. Furthermore, a system of tariff rate quotas was introduced in compliance with WTO regulations. This study uses a partial equilibrium comparative static model to measure the welfare effects of further liberalization in the livestock industry of South Africa, particularly in meat products using four policy scenarios. The traditional method of welfare analyses using the CS and PS was applied, while the EV was used to integrate a well-behaved objective function. Although the CS and PS could have over-estimated welfare due to the fact that the demand system used in this study is non-linear, they still... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10134 |
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| Louw, D.B.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| South Africa is entering a whole new era in water management. In the face of efforts to curtail runaway government spending and protect the environment, water institutions must foster the conservation and efficient allocation of existing supplies. They must also take water's growing recreational and environmental value into account. The crucial question is, can the current water institutions meet today's requirements? Despite the resulting inefficiency and waste, traditional resource economists continue to identify taxes, regulations, subsidies, and governmental allocation as solutions to today's water problems. Internationally, there is enough evidence to prove that central allocation with almost any resource gave rise to gross inefficiency. The main... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54210 |
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| Gronum, C.F.; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| After the deregulation of the South-African agricultural marketing boards, producers are responsible for their own marketing. Various marketing options emerged due to the new marketing environment and the producer needs to take a lot of information into account in order to make the correct marketing decisions. Ample literature exists on the advantages that marketing plans can provide for the producer such as the reduction of price and income risks. Productions cost forms an integrated part of a marketing plan and helps the producer to fix prices in order to run a profitable business. The model that has been developed enhances the producer to develop an optimal crop choice and marketing strategy, given his own unique situation as well as the characteristics... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54212 |
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| Jooste, Andre; Aliber, Michael; van Schalkwyk, Herman D.. |
| One of the most important policy measures used by government to influence agricultural production and trade patterns are tariffs. A substantial depreciation in the exchange rate will not be enough to compensate for the negative effects of removing tariffs if the playing field is not level for producers in South Africa. Although the import multiplier show that less inputs will be imported, this saving on foreign exchange is not big enough to outweigh the total impact of imports on the balance of trade. The value-added multiplier clearly indicate that reinvestment and consumer spending (buying power) in agriculture will receive a severe blow. Employment will be reduced, thus increasing the supply of labour into other sectors. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54899 |
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| Registros recuperados: 25 | |
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