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| Registros recuperados: 16 | |
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| Evenson, Robert E.; Kimhi, Ayal; Desilva, Sanjaya. |
| Labor markets in all economies are subject to transaction costs associated with recruiting, monitoring and supervising workers. Rural labor markets in developing economies, where institutions such as labor and contract law and formal employment assistance mechanisms are not in place, are regarded to be particularly sensitive to transaction cost conditions. The inherent difficulty of measuring transaction costs has limited studies on this topic. In this paper, we analyze supervision activities reported in a cross-section survey of rice farmers in the Bicol region of the Philippines. This survey is unique because it provides supervision data at the farm task level. We present a simple optimization model in which supervision intensity increases the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Transaction costs; Supervision; Labor markets; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; 013; D23; J43; Q12. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28467 |
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| Calixto, Juliana Sena; Ribeiro, Eduardo Magalhaes; Galizoni, Flavia Maria; Macedo, Renato Luis Grisi. |
| Beginning in the 1970’s the plateaus of Alto Jequitinhonha, northeast of Minas Gerais, until then areas of common use by family farmers, were planted with eucalyptus. This article analyzes the effects of reforestation on land occupation, comparing it with the areas of the family production. It is carried out in the homogenous micro-region of Capelinha, an area with the largest concentration of eucalyptus in the region. Secondary data from the IBGE Census for the years 1970, 1980, 1985 and 1996 were used, and also secondary data from surveys conducted around the region studied, including interviews with management of companies and union leadership. The article concludes that, in thirty years, the reforestation concentrated the land and created reduced... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Family agriculture; Reforestation; Rural development; Rural employment; Jequitinhonha; Agribusiness; J21; 013; Q18. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60811 |
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| Scrieciu, Silviu Serban. |
| Join the European Union club implies, among many other policy changes, full integration of Romania's expected to have significant implications for domestic farmers and food processors. The paper constructs a single-country Applied General Equilibrium (AGE) model to investigate the impact of tariff border adjustments on changes in relative prices, production and trade patterns associated with fifteen local agro-food activities. Moreover, the modeling work identifies those agro-food sectors that have the potential to benefit the most from EU enlargement in terms of output effects given that Romanian producers are capable of fully responding to the incentives provided with integration. These mainly include (bovine) live animals and meat products, sugar and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: EU enlargement; Customs union; Agriculture; Romania; AGE modelling; Political Economy; D58; F15; 013. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30543 |
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| Blackman, Allen. |
| In many developing countries, a host of financial, institutional, and political factors hamstring conventional environmental regulation. Given these constraints, a promising strategy for controlling pollution is to promote the voluntary adoption of clean technologies. Although this strategy has received considerable attention in policy circles, empirical research on the adoption of clean technologies in developing countries is limited. This paper presents historical background and original survey data on the adoption of five clean tanning technologies by a sample of 137 leather tanneries in Leon, Guanajuato, Mexico, a city where tanneries have serious environmental impacts and conventional environmental regulation has repeatedly failed to mitigate the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Clean technology; Leather tanning; Developing country; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q53; Q55; Q56; 013; 033. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10881 |
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| Thirtle, Colin G.; Lin, Lin; Piesse, Jenifer. |
| Twenty percent of the world population, or 1.2 billion live on less than $1 per day; 70% of these are rural and 90% in Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa. Research led technological change in agriculture generates sufficient productivity growth to give high rates of return in African and Asia and has a substantial impact on poverty, currently reducing this number by 27 million per annum, whereas productivity growth in industry and services has no impact. The per capita "cost" of poverty reduction by means of agricultural research expenditures in Africa is $144 and in Asia $180, or 50 cents per day, but this is covered by output growth. By contrast, the per capita cost for the richer countries of Latin America is over $11,000. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Productivity; Poverty Reduction; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 011; 013; 015. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25834 |
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| Gopinath, Munisamy; Roe, Terry L.. |
| This paper focuses on the private and social rates of return to R&D capital in the three vertically linked sectors, primary agriculture, food processing, and farm machinery and equipment. Evidence supporting a divergence between these rates is found for primary agriculture and food processing. Using a cost function approach, the private rates of return to R&D capital ranged from an average of 10.2% per annum for food processing to 22.3% for farm machinery and equipment. In the case of agriculture, the direct return to public R&D averaged 37.3% per annum. The social rates of return to R&D capital in agriculture and food processing are significantly larger than the private rates due to the existence of spillovers. While the divergence between... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 013; 032; Q16. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7504 |
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| Registros recuperados: 16 | |
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