SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Kirkley, James E.; Walden, John B.; Waters, James R..

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries has conducted several buyback programs to reduce harvesting capacity in fisheries. These programs have attempted to maximize capacity reduction given a fixed budget. However, restructuring issues have not been considered. We explore the possibility of satisfying three different buyback objective We examine the black sea bass trap fishery and determine the number of vessels given different allowable catch levels and objectives of maximizing technical efficiency, capacity utilization, and vessels in the fishery. We find considerable variation in the number of vessels allowed to remain in the fishery given the different objectives.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Capacity utilization; Data Envelopment Analysis; Fishery buyback programs; Fishing capacity; C61; D24; Q22; Q28.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43422

A spatial bio-economic modelling approach on the trade-offs between global bioenergy demand, agricultural intensification, expansion, and trade

Lotze-Campen, Hermann; Popp, Alexander; Beringer, Tim; Muller, Christoph; Lucht, Wolfgang.

Increased future demands for food, fibre and fuels from biomass can only be met if the available land and water resources on a global scale are used and managed as efficiently as possible. The main routes for making the global agricultural system more productive are through intensification and technological change on currently used agricultural land, land expansion into currently non-agricultural areas, and international trade in agricultural commodities and processed goods. In order to analyse the trade-offs and synergies between these options, we present a global bio-economic modelling approach with a special focus on spatially explicit land and water constraints as well as technological change in agricultural production. For a given bioenergy demand...

The Ghost of Extinction: Preservation Values and Minimum Viable Population in Wildlife Models

Palavras-chave: Land use change; Spatial modelling; Technological change; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C61; F15; Q24; Q25.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51458

van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Eiswerth, Mark E..

The inclusion of a minimum viable population in bioeconomic modeling creates at least two complications that are not resolved by using a modified logistic growth function. The first complication can be dealt with by choosing a different depensational growth function. The second complication relates to the inclusion of the in situ benefits of wildlife into the analysis. Knowledge about the magnitude of the in situ benefits provides no guide for policy about conservation management. Simply knowing that people are willing to pay a large amount each year to protect a species says nothing about whether one should manage habitat to protect or enhance the species numbers, unless the species is in imminent danger of extinction. If willingness to pay is to be a...

DISCOUNTING AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY

Palavras-chave: Marginal willingness to pay; Endangered species and extinction; Minimum viable population; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q24; C61.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9790

Karp, Larry S.; Tsur, Yacov.

A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate constant equivalent discount rates" and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change.

INVESTMENT, CREDIT CONSTRAINTS AND PUBLIC POLICY IN A NEOCLASSICAL ADJUSTMENT COST FRAMEWORK

Palavras-chave: Discounting; Climate change modeling; Stern Review; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7149

Cechura, Lukas.

This paper deals with the analysis of the impact of credit rationing on the farmer’s economic equilibrium and the analysis of different policy scenarios in a derived neoclassical adjustment cost framework. The theoretical model is an optimal dynamic investment model, in which the upper bound on investment is introduced. The limit of the investment enables to analyse the consequence of the occurrence of credit rationing on farmer’s capital accumulation, investment and supply. The method of optimal control is used to solve the optimization problem. The results show that the occurrence of credit rationing may significantly determine a farmer’s economic equilibrium. Then the analysis of defined policy scenarios suggests that a loan guarantee efficiently solves...

Safe Minimum Standards in Dynamic Resource Problems -- Conditions for Living on the Edge of Risk

Palavras-chave: Credit constraint; Investment; Capital; SGAFF (Supporting and Guarantee Agricultural and Forestry Fund); Adjustment cost and farmer’s economic equilibrium; Kreditrationierung; Investitionen; Kapital; EAGFL (Europäische Ausrichtungsund Garantiefond für die Landwirtschaft); Dynamische Anpassungskosten und langfristiges Gleichgewicht.; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; C61; Q12; Q14; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91954

Margolis, Michael; Naevdal, Eric.

Safe Minimum Standards (SMSs) have been advocated as a policy rule for environmental problems where uncertainty about risks and consequences are thought to be profound. This paper explores the rationale for such a policy within a dynamic framework and derives conditions for when SMSs can be summarily dismissed as a policy choice and for when SMSs can be defended as an optimal policy based on standard economic criteria. We have determined that these conditions can be checked with quite limited information about damages and risks. In order to analyze the SMSs in a dynamic setting, we have developed a method for solving optimal control problems where the state space is divided into risky and non-risky subsets.

Farm production costs estimation trough PMP Models: an application in three Italian Regions

Palavras-chave: Safe minimum standards; Optimal control; Critical zone; Threshold effects; Mixed risk spaces; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; Q20; Q30.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10568

Arfini, Filippo; Donati, Michele; Marongiu, Sonia; Cesaro, Luca.

The objective of this paper is to present a Generalised Positive Mathematical Programming model suitable for the estimation of variable cost of production associated with different farm activities. This work present, discuss and demonstrates that the Generalised PMP model is a useful theoretical framework for the representation of farm choice, including for the description of costs related to the production function chosen by each entrepreneur. For this characteristics the model can be used for the farms belonging the FADN sample providing a powerful tools for researcher that would like to know variable costs of production for agricultural activities or estimate the impact of agricultural policy and market reform at regional and sectorial level. The main...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Variable cost of production; Positive mathematical programming; Farm accountancy data network; Production Economics; Q12; C61; Q18; C38.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124117

ACT Now or Later: The Economics of Malaria Resistance

Laxminarayan, Ramanan.

In the past, malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have relied on a combination of vector control and effective treatment using chloroquine. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, attention has now turned to alternative treatment strategies to replace this failing drug. Although there are strong theoretical arguments in favor of switching to more expensive artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs), the validity of these arguments in the face of financial constraints has not been previously analyzed. In this paper, we use a Bioeconomic model of malaria transmission and evolution of drug resistance to examine questions of optimal treatment strategy and coverage when drug resistance places an additional constraint on choices available to the...

Time perspective and climate change policy

Palavras-chave: Malaria; Mathematical models; Drug resistance; Bioeconomics; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I19; C61.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10699

Karp, Larry S.; Tsur, Yacov.

The tendency to foreshorten time units as we peer further into the future provides an explanation for hyperbolic discounting at an intergenerational time scale. We study implications of hyperbolic discounting for climate change policy, when the probability of a climate-induced catastrophe depends on the stock of greenhouse gasses. We provide a positive analysis by characterizing the set of Markov perfect equilibria (MPE) of the intergenerational game amongst a succession of policymakers. Each policymaker reflects her generation’s preferences, including its hyperbolic discounting. For a binary action game, we compare the MPE set to a “restricted commitment” benchmark. We compare the associated “constant equivalent discount rates” and the willingness to pay...

CLIMATE POLICY WHEN THE DISTANT FUTURE MATTERS: CATASTROPHIC EVENTS WITH HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING

Palavras-chave: Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Catastrophic climate change; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42848

Karp, Larry S.; Tsur, Yacov.

Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a signifcant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.

Nitrate Pollution Control Policy and Its Impact on Farms' Performance: A Nonparametric Approach

Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7181

Piot-Lepetit, Isabelle; le Moing, Monique.

The purpose of this paper is to develop models with an individual and a collective management of the European Nitrate directive. The objective is to compare productive efficiency of farms under the two regimes. First, we develop a model that explicitly integrate the individual constraint on organic manure spreading. The individual threshold is introduced as a productive right. Then, we develop a framework that allows for modelling exchange of productive rights among producers. The simulation of a management of the spreading constrainst on organic manure at the regional level give an estimate of the potential gains that can be realised by allowing a collective maagement of the European environmental regulation. Models are based on a nonparametric frontier...

RISK IN AGRICULTURE AS IMPEDIMENT TO RURAL LENDING - THE CASE OF NORTH-WESTERN KAZAKHSTAN

Palavras-chave: Environmental regulations; Manure management; Pig farming; Data Envelopment Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D21; Q12; Q52.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19458

Petrick, Martin; Ditges, C. Markus.

On the basis of portfolio selection theory, this paper finds that whole-farm risk must be regarded as a major reason for the low level of credit flow to agriculture in North-western Kazakhstan. A quadratic programming model was used in order (a) to demonstrate the comparatively high overall risk exposition of a typical farm, (b) to show that an inflow of working capital could contribute to risk reduction, and (c) to illustrate short-term risk management strategies. Although there may be a role for the government in reducing risk exposition of agriculture in its current form, natural and economic constraints suggest to pave the way for structural reforms that reduce the importance of agriculture in the rural economy. .

Controlling a Stock Pollutant with Endogenous Abatement Capital and Asymmetric Information

Palavras-chave: Agricultural credit; Kazakhstan; Portfolio selection theory; Risk programming; Agricultural Finance; Q14; G11; C61.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14939

Karp, Larry S.; Zhang, Jiangfeng.

Non-strategic firms with rational expectations make investment and emissions decisions. The investment rule depends on firms' beliefs about future emissions policies. We compare emissions taxes and quotas when the (strategic) regulator and (nonstrategic) firms have asymmetric information about abatement costs, and all agents use Markov Perfect decision rules. Emissions taxes create a secondary distortion at the investment stage, unless a particular condition holds; emissions quotas do not create a secondary distortion. We solve a linear-quadratic model calibrated to represent the problem of controlling greenhouse gasses. The endogeneity of abatement capital favors taxes, and it increases abatement.

A Whole Farm Analysis of the Influence of Auto-Steer Navigation on Net Returns, Risk, and Production Practices

Palavras-chave: Pollution control; Investment; Asymmetric information; Rational expectations; Choice of instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; D8; H21; Q28.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25071

Shockley, Jordan M.; Dillon, Carl R.; Stombaugh, Timothy S..

A whole farm economic analysis was conducted to provide a detailed assessment into the economic, risk, and production implications due to the adoption of auto-steer navigation. It was determined that auto-steer navigation was profitable for a grain farmer in Kentucky with net returns increasing up to 0.90% ($3.35/acre). Additionally, the technology could be used in reducing production risk. Adoption of the technology also alters production practices for optimal use.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Economics; Farm management; Mean-variance; Precision agriculture; Simulation; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C63; D81; Q12; Q16.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100640

Agriculture, Income Risks and Rural Poverty Dynamics: Strategies of Smallholder Producers in Kenya

Kuyiah, Joanne Wasswa; Obare, Gideon A.; Herrero, Mario; Waithaka, Michael M..

Poverty in Kenya has been on the increase over the last decade. It is estimated that 56% of the total population live in absolute poverty. Most of the poor reside in rural areas where agriculture is the main livelihood activity. Majority of Kenya's farmers are smallholders. They account for 75% of the total agricultural output and about 70% of marketed agricultural produce. The fate of smallholder agriculture in this country is therefore central to poverty reduction. A collapse in output and incomes from smallholder agriculture is likely to have damaging welfare effects and retard pro-poor economic growth. Smallholders often operate in a risky environment, which affects the level and variability of household resource endowments and income. The importance...

Value of Temperature-Activated Polymer-Coated Seed in the Northern Corn Belt

Palavras-chave: Smallholder farms; Income risk; Rural Poverty; Linear Programming; Kenya; Farm Management; C61; D13; L23; Q18.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25596

Archer, David W.; Gesch, Russell W..

The value of an innovative seed technology is estimated in a discrete stochastic programming framework for a representative farm in the northern Corn Belt. Temperature-activated polymer-coated seed has the potential to increase net returns by increasing yields due to early planting and use of longer season varieties, as well as reducing yield due to early planting and use of longer season varieties, as well as reducing yield loss due to delayed planting. A biophysical simulation model was used to estimate the impact of polymer-coated seed on corn and soybean yields and on field day availability for five planting periods, three crop varieties, and two tillage systems on two different soils under varying weather conditions.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biophysical simulation; Corn; Mathematical programming; Soybean; Q12; C61.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43198

MCDM Farm System Analysis for Public Management of Irrigated Agriculture

Gomez-Limon, Jose Antonio; Berbel, Julio; Arriaza Balmón, Manuel.

In this paper we present a methodology within the multi-criteria paradigm to assist policy decision-making on water management for irrigation. In order to predict farmers' response to policy changes a separate multi-attribute utility function for each homogeneous group, attained applying cluster analysis, is elicited. The results of several empirical applications of this methodology suggest an improvement of the ability to simulate farmers' decision-making process compared to other approaches. Once the utility functions are obtained the policy maker can evaluate the differential impacts on each cluster and the overall impacts in the area of study (i.e. a river basin) by aggregation. On the empirical side, the authors present some studies for different...

Evaluating Target Achievements in the Public Sector: An Application of a Rare Non-Parametric DEA and Malmquist Indices

Palavras-chave: Multi-attribute utility theory; Water management; Irrigation; Policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q15; C61.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24676

The Potential Cost to New Zealand Dairy Farmers from the Introduction of Nitrate-Based Stocking Rate Restrictions

Odeck, James.

This paper provides an assessment of the extent to which targets set by a public authority are achieved by its operational units. A rare DEA framework and its subsequent Malmquist indices are applied on data comprising 19 units over a four year period of 1996 to 1999. The mean efficiency scores by which targets are achieved across the sample years are moderate, in the range 0.81 to 0.93. Average productivity progress across the sample years has been 26 percent. The results illustrate the usefulness of DEA even when there are no inputs and the decomposable Malmquist index for productivity is an asset in exploring causes of productivity growth.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Target achievement; Traffic safety; Data envelopment analysis; Malmquist indices; L92; C61.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37549

Neal, Mark; Fulkerson, William; Levy, Gil; Wastney, Meryl; Thorrold, Bruce S.; Palliser, Chris; Beukes, Pierre; Folkers, Chris.

Introducing a stocking rate restriction is one possible course of action for regulators to improve water quality where it is affected by nitrate pollution. To determine the impact of a stocking rate restriction on a range of New Zealand dairy farms, a whole-farm model was optimised with and without a maximum stocking rate of 2.5 cows per hectare. Three farm systems, which differ by their level of feed-related capital, were examined for the changes to the optimal stocking rate and optimal level of animal milk production genetics when utility was maximised. The whole-farm model was optimised through the use of an evolutionary algorithm called differential evolution. The introduction of a stocking rate restriction would have a very large impact on the...

How Far Can Poultry Litter Go? A New Technology for Litter Transport

Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Dairy farms; Whole-farm model; Evolutionary algorithm; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; Q52; C61.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25620