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Evaluation of corn planter under travel speed, working depth, pressure wheel and cone index CIGR Journal
Khodaei, Mehdi.
Compaction is one of the restricting factors in desirable seed germination and root growth. As a sign for soil compaction can be a criterion for optimal seed germination. Seeds require some compression of the surrounding soil at planting for optimum growth, which it is made by pressure wheels in planters. Travel speed and working depth affect the soil cone index. A field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of the speed and working depth in the beginning of the autumn season. Experiments were performed in the form of factorial split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with two factors, the travel speed (3, 4, and 6 km/h) and working depth (3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 cm) in three replication. Digital cone Penetrometer was used for...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Cone index; Corn planter; Depth; Moving speed; Pressure wheel.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3364
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Empirical Model of a Vertisol Evaporation as Tool for Management of Soil Practicability using Portable Lysimetric Station under Arid Land Context CIGR Journal
El Aissaoui, Abdellah; Yassine, Almasmoudi.
Soil compaction caused by traffics is commonly considered as one of the major’s problems in agriculture. Moisture content have a significant effect on amplifying soil compaction. This study aims to approach evaporation trend of a vertisol (40.47% clay, 39.30% loam and 20.23% sand) having an organic matter content of 1.5% in order to manage timing of its plasticity as a determinant factor inducing compaction created by the traffic of machines. A portable lysimetric measurement system was developed to evaluate soil evaporation trend. An empirical soil evaporation model was developed using three measurement campaigns according to different temperature and irradiance behaviors. Soil moisture content was evaluated with two sensors using conductivity and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Evaporation; Vertisol; Practicability; Compaction; Lysimeter; Plasticity state; Moisture Content; Sensor.
Ano: 2023 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/6153
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Effect of different tillage and residue management practices on growth and yield of corn cultivation in Thailand CIGR Journal
Sornpoon, Wlaiwan; Jayasuriya, Hemantha P. W..
The tillage and residue management during soil bed preparation need to be in appropriate manner for sustainable farming practice.  The effects of tillage and residue management methods on corn cropping were studied on loamy soil in Bangrakum district, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand.  The effects of five commonly used tillage methods: subsoiler tillage (ST), three methods of conventional tillage (CT1, CT2 and CT3), no-tillage (NT), as main factors and two corn residue management methods; burned (R1) and unburned (R2), as sub-factors were studied in a randomized strip plot configuration.  Tillage treatment showed significant effect on physical and chemical soil properties, plant growth and development, grain yield, total aboveground biomass and most...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Agricultural Engineering; Tillage optimization Tillage; No-tillage; Emergence; Compaction; Subsoiler; Biomass.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/2235
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Interpretation of the stiffness and permeability of Sand-Kaolin mixtures in the framework of homogenization Anais da ABC (AABC)
Boutin,Claude; Kacprzak,Gregory; Doanh,Thiep.
This study deals with the behaviour of mixtures of sand and saturated kaolin paste considered as composite materials made of permeable and deformable (with non-linear behaviour) matrix (the kaolin paste) with rigid and impervious inclusions (the sand grains). Oedometric and permeability tests conducted on such mixtures highlight the key role of the state of the clay paste, and show the existence of a threshold of sand grain concentration above which a structuring effect influences both modulus and permeability. At the light of these experiments, the usual and tangent homogenization process (with simplifying assumptions to make the problem manageable) has been applied to estimate the mixture permeability and tangent compressibility. Qualitative and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Homogenization; Non-linear behaviour; Sand-clay mixtures; Permeability; Tangent modulus; Compaction; Hardening.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652010000100017
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Pore system changes of damaged Brazilian oxisols and nitosols induced by wet-dry cycles as seen in 2-D micromorphologic image analysis Anais da ABC (AABC)
Pires,Luiz F.; Reichardt,Klaus; Cooper,Miguel; Cássaro,Fabio A.M.; Dias,Nivea M.P.; Bacchi,Osny O.S..
Soil pore structure characterization using 2-D image analysis constitutes a simple method to obtain essential information related to soil porosity and pore size distribution (PSD). Such information is important to infer on soil quality, which is related to soil structure and transport processes inside the soil. Most of the time soils are submitted to wetting and drying cycles (W-D), which can cause important changes in soils with damaged structures. This report uses 2-D image analysis to evaluate possible modifications induced by W-D cycles on the structure of damaged soil samples. Samples of three tropical soils (Geric Ferralsol, GF; Eutric Nitosol, EN; and Rhodic Ferralsol, RF) were submitted to three treatments: 0WD, the control treatment in which...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Soil bulk density; Soil water content; Soil porosity; Micromorphology; Soil structure; Compaction.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652009000100016
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Effect of drying methods on the powder and compaction properties of microcrystalline cellulose derived from Gossypium herbaceum BJPS
Nwachukwu,Nkemakolam; Ofoefule,Sabinus Ifeanyi.
The effect of drying method, a process variable, on the powder and compaction properties of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) obtained from the partial acid hydrolysis of bleached alpha (α) cellulose content of matured linters of Gossypium herbaceum (GH) was investigated. A portion of the wet MCC obtained was fluid bed dried at 60 ± 1 ºC, inlet air of 30 m3 min-1 for 3 h (coded MCC-GossF). The second portion was lyophilized at - 45 ± 2 ºC for 6 h (coded MCC-GossL). The physicochemical, scanning electron micrographs, X ray diffraction patterns and micromeritic properties of the derived MCCs were determined using standard methods. The cohesiveness and compactibility of the powders were investigated using Kawakita model while the deformation and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Gossypium herbaceum; Powder; Compaction; Drying methods; Microcrystalline cellulose.
Ano: 2020 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502020000100581
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Field Performance of a Winged Scarifier as a Function of Soil Compaction and Water Content Chilean J. Agric. Res.
Cholaky,Carmen; Cisneros,José M; Balbuena,Roberto.
Initial soil conditions, operational aspects, and tool shape affect the efficiency of soil decompaction. The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of a winged scarifier as a function of soil compaction and edaphic water content. The experiment was carried out in a typical Hapludoll. Treatments considered two soil compaction levels: high (HC) and low compaction (LC); and three soil water contents: wet (WS), humid (HS), and dry (DS) with 9, 14, and 19% gravimetric water content, respectively. A split-plot randomized block design was applied. Tractive effort, disturbed area, tillage depth, specific resistance, and power were evaluated. Results showed that tractive effort was 17% greater in HC than LC, and in both cases HS was greater than WS...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Agricultural engineering; Winged scarifier; Bulk density; Water content; Compaction.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392010000100016
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DYNAMIC OF PRESSURE-DEFORMATION CURVE IN UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION TEST IN DIFFERENT LOAD TIMES REA
Mazurana,Michael; Levien,Renato; Zulpo,Lucas; Passos,Gabrielle M.; Kerpen,Hyran S..
ABSTRACT: The loading application time by machinery tires and agricultural tires is one of the factors of soil compaction. We evaluated the effect of loading reduction time in uniaxial compression test, in laboratory, in some physical and mechanical parameters, approaching the loading field condition time by machinery with laboratory tests. Soil samples of two Oxisol and one Paleudult under different years of implementation of no tillage system (NT) and of different layers were collected and subjected to uniaxial compression tests, two times of loading application, 300 seconds per load, according to actual methodology and 30 seconds per load in the laboratory. We analyzed the soil deformation to each load, bulk density, pre-compression stress, recompress...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Loading bearing support; Compaction; Recompression index.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162017000500973
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AGRONOMICAL ATTRIBUTES OF SOYBEANS AND SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION IN NO-TILLAGE AND CHISELED SURFACES REA
Cortez,Jorge W.; Mauad,Munir; Souza,Luiz C. F. de; Rufino,Mauricio V.; Souza,Paulo H. N. de.
ABSTRACT Farming systems may affect soil properties and crop production of components, decreasing yields. This study aimed to assess penetration resistance (PR) and agronomic traits of soybeans under no-tillage (NT) and chiseling (CP). The experiment was carried out in a randomized block with two treatments (tillage and scarification) with 12 repetitions; yet soil penetration resistance (PR) was assessed in a factorial block, considering farming systems and sampling sites (row and interrows). PR was measured with an impact penetrometer, sampling in row and interrows within a 22.5 x 0.1 m2 mesh grid up to 0.60 m depth. The obtained values were higher for NT in the 0.10-0.20 m layer. Great PR values in interrows were only registered within the surface layer....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Soil physics; Chiseling.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162017000100098
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Changes in water availability in the soil due to tractor traffic REA
Gómez-Rodríguez,Katherine; Camacho-Tamayo,Jesús H.; Vélez-Sánchez,Javier E..
Frequent traffic of tractors in agricultural soils, promotes soil compaction and affects the flow and water availability. The aim of this research was to study the effect of compaction induced by tractor traffic on water availability in the soil under different traffic intensities on the same path (0, 1, 3, 6 and 10 passages), to two tractors with 3.3 and 2.6 ton of weights, over three different surface conditions. The study was conducted in an Andisol, representative soil of the study area. It was determined the behavior of the water retention curve, obtaining the gravitational water, available water and hygroscopic water, to 10 and 30 cm of depth. The hygroscopic water is the most prevalent with values ​​of up to 80% of the total water present in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Soil management; Water retention curve; Andisol.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162013000600008
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GPS receivers for georeferencing of spatial variability of soil attributes REA
Rosalen,David L; Rodrigues,Marcos S; Chioderoli,Carlos A; Brandão,Flavia J. C; Siqueira,Diego S.
The characterization of the spatial variability of soil attributes is essential to support agricultural practices in a sustainable manner. The use of geostatistics to characterize spatial variability of these attributes, such as soil resistance to penetration (RP) and gravimetric soil moisture (GM) is now usual practice in precision agriculture. The result of geostatistical analysis is dependent on the sample density and other factors according to the georeferencing methodology used. Thus, this study aimed to compare two methods of georeferencing to characterize the spatial variability of RP and GM as well as the spatial correlation of these variables. Sampling grid of 60 points spaced 20 m was used. For RP measurements, an electronic penetrometer was used...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Precision agriculture; GNSS; Compaction; Soil water content.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162011000600013
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Soil penetration resistance analysis by multivariate and geostatistical methods REA
Medina,Cecilia; Camacho-Tamayo,Jesús H.; Cortés,César A..
The penetration resistance (PR) is a soil attribute that allows identifies areas with restrictions due to compaction, which results in mechanical impedance for root growth and reduced crop yield. The aim of this study was to characterize the PR of an agricultural soil by geostatistical and multivariate analysis. Sampling was done randomly in 90 points up to 0.60 m depth. It was determined spatial distribution models of PR, and defined areas with mechanical impedance for roots growth. The PR showed a random distribution to 0.55 and 0.60 m depth. PR in other depths analyzed showed spatial dependence, with adjustments to exponential and spherical models. The cluster analysis that considered sampling points allowed establishing areas with compaction problem...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Cluster analysis; Principal components; Andisol.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162012000100010
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Static tests of constructive tires using hydraulic press on the soil REA
Machado,Thiago M.; Lanças,Kléber P.; Oliveira Junior,Mauro B. de; Artioli,José A.; Marasca,Indiamara.
ABSTRACT The power consumption and load capacity of agricultural machines have grown and the effects of pressure on the soil by tires have been still little investigated. In concern with sustainable development, the relationship machine-tire-soil must be in balance to give more consistency on the best use of tires for a given load. This study aimed to evaluate four tires of two constructive types, the bias belted tires and radial tires, both with respective rim diameters of 22.5 and 26.5 inches with variables measuring the footprint, elastic deformation, sinkage and resistance to penetration. A hydraulic press with an attachment shaft for tire mounting and a box of soil in which the tire has been imposed on a load of 53.00 kN using nominal pressures...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Footprint; Pressure; Elastic deformation; Sinkage.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162015000500886
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SPATIALIZATION OF SOIL RESISTANCE TO PENETRATION FOR LOCALIZED MANAGEMENT BY PRECISION AGRICULTURE TOOLS REA
Cortez,Jorge W.; Cavassini,Victor H.; Motomiya,Anamari V. de A.; Orlando,Roberto C.; Valente,Igor Q. M..
ABSTRACT Soil resistance to penetration is an indicator of easy measurement which can be used to make scarification / subsoiling recommendations in areas that work with localized management. The objective of this study was to evaluate the spatial variability of soil resistance to penetration (RP) in the area of direct sowing system, and to carry out the recommendation of scarification / subsoiling in a localized way through precision agriculture. The research was conducted in commercial area, in a field of 49.12 ha. The RP collection was with an electronic penetrometer in a sample mesh of 47 points distributed regularly in the area, with georeferenced points. The data were analyzed every 0.10 m being collected up to 0.40 m depth, in addition to obtaining...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Cone index; Decompaction.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162018000500690
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SOIL ATTRIBUTES AND INITIAL CORN DEVELOPMENT AS A FUNCTION OF FERTILIZATION AND INTERCROPPING SYSTEMS REA
Cortez,Jorge W.; Silva,Rouverson P. da; Furlani,Carlos E. A.; Olszevski,Nelci; Nagahama,Hideo de J..
ABSTRACT Fertilization systems that allow higher sowing speeds have been used in areas of grain production, as well as the use of intercropping to improve soil physical quality and provide better soil cover. This study aimed to evaluate soil attributes and the initial corn development and intercropping (corn + velvet bean, corn + pigeonpea, and corn + bonavist bean) as a function of fertilization systems (pre-sowing and sowing). The experiment was conducted in an Oxisol in a randomized block design in the 2 × 3 factorial scheme, with four replications. The number of days for emergence, plant stand, intercropping dry matter, soil straw cover, soil straw permanence index, penetration resistance, soil moisture, soil density, degree of compaction, and total...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Vegetation cover; Soil physical quality.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162019000200257
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Soil properties and agronomic attributes of potato grown under deep tillage in succession of grass species Horticultura Brasileira
Costa,Cristiano FA; Melo,Paulo CT; Guerra,Henrique P; Ragassi,Carlos F.
ABSTRACT Yield and disease incidence were evaluated in potato (Solanum tuberosum, cv. Atlantic) after six years of cultivation in succession with corn (Zea mays, cv. ‘AG 6080’) under conventional tillage (CT, depth of tillage: 20 cm) or in succession with three grass species [Guinea grass (Panicum maximum, cv. Tanzânia), Palisade grass (Brachiaria brizantha, cv. Marandu) and corn] under deep tillage (DT, depth of tillage: 70 cm). Total tuber yield was higher in DT in average 36% the value obtained in CT (17.76 t/ha), with no effect of the grass species. Common scab (Streptomyces scabies) incidence was influenced by treatments, the highest (16.9%) and the lowest (9.5%) values being obtained in succession with corn and Guinea grass, respectively, both under...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Solanum tuberosum; Compaction; Soil recuperation; Crop succession..
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-05362017000100075
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Rate of soil egestion by larvae of Hylamorpha elegans (Burm.) and Phytoloema hermanni Germ. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Neotropical Entomology
Millas,Paz; Carrillo,Roberto.
Larvae of Hylamorpha elegans (Burm.) and Phytoloema herrmanni Germ. feed on roots, although many Scarabaeidae species are able to feed and survive on soil without living roots. In this study we evaluated the potential of H. elegans and P. herrmanni to ingest soil by estimating the rate of soil egestion. In the laboratory, the rate of soil egestion was determined from gut content and gut transit time of 3rd-instar larvae feeding on soil without roots. The soil egestion rate was 14-21 mg g-1 d-1 for H. elegans and 11-16 mg g-1 d-1 for P. herrmanni. The gut transit time (time of soil passage from mouth to anus) was 2-3 d for both species and the gut content was 41 ± 2 mg g-1 for H. elegans and 32 ± 2 mg g-1 for P. herrmanni. The quantitative importance of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ingest; Compaction; White grub.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2010000500004
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Winter pasture and cover crops and their effects on soil and summer grain crops PAB
Balbinot Junior,Alvadi Antonio; Veiga,Milton da; Moraes,Anibal de; Pelissari,Adelino; Mafra,Álvaro Luiz; Piccolla,Cristiano Dela.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of winter land use on the amount of residual straw, the physical soil properties and grain yields of maize, common bean and soybean summer crops cultivated in succession. The experiment was carried out in the North Plateau of Santa Catarina state, Brazil, from May 2006 to April 2010. Five strategies of land use in winter were evaluated: intercropping with black oat + ryegrass + vetch, without grazing and nitrogen (N) fertilization (intercropping cover); the same intercropping, with grazing and 100 kg ha-1 of N per year topdressing (pasture with N); the same intercropping, with grazing and without nitrogen fertilization (pasture without N); oilseed radish, without grazing and nitrogen fertilization...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Cover crops; Crop-livestock integration; No-tillage; Organic carbon.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2011001000032
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Avaliation of the soil preparation quality in minimum cultivation area planted with eucalypt PFB - Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira
Gava, José Luiz.
Evaluations, of the quality of soil preparation in the plantation lines, were made in areas with potential risk of compaction using the penetrometer to collect data about the depth and width of the furrow. The samplings were made in three sites of production of Eucalyptus in areas of Cia Suzano de Papel e Celulose in the state of São Paulo, managed under minimum cultivation of the soil and where crop was mechanized and intensive. The statistical evaluation of the quality was made through the measurement and assessment of the results of the soil preparation, comparing the results with the technical quality standards pre-established by the company. The data were analyzed graphically and statistically. In the graphic analysis of the three sites sampled, the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Quality control; Compaction; Soil preparation; Sub soiling Controle de qualidade; Compactação; Preparo de solo; Subsolagem.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/1608
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Litter materials and the incidence of carcass lesions in broilers chickens Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Garcia,RG; Almeida Paz,ICL; Caldara,FR; Nääs,IA; Bueno,LGF; Freitas,LW; Graciano,JD; Sim,S.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of different litter materials on litter compaction, broiler feathering and the incidence of carcass lesions. In the experiment, 3240 one-day-old Ross® chicks were selected by sex and distributed according to a completely randomized experimental design in a 2 x 6 factorial arrangement (two sex and six litter materials). The following litter materials were used: wood shavings, rice husks, chopped Napier grass, 50% sugar cane bagasse plus 50% wood shavings, 50% sugar cane bagasse plus 50% rice husks, and pure sugar cane bagasse. Litter compaction was weekly assessed using a penetrometer. On days 21, 35 and 42 of the experimental period, feathering on the back and legs was scored according to a 0 - 10 scale. On...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Compaction; Fathering; Quality; Substrate.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2012000100005
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