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Registros recuperados: 38
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Searching for convergent evolution in manganese superoxidase dismutase using hydrophobic cluster analysis Genet. Mol. Biol.
Xiang,Heng; Zhang,Ruizhi; Li,Nengzhang; Vossbrinck,Charles R..
There are numerous examples of convergent evolution in nature. Major ecological adaptations such as flight, loss of limbs in vertebrates, pesticide resistance, adaptation to a parasitic way of life, etc., have all evolved more than once, as seen by their analogous functions in separate taxa. But what about protein evolution? Does the environment have a strong enough influence on intracellular processes that enzymes and other functional proteins play, to evolve similar functional roles separately in different organisms? Manganese Superoxide Dismutase (MnSOD) is a manganesedependant metallo-enzyme which plays a crucial role in protecting cells from anti-oxidative stress by eliminating reactive (superoxide) oxygen species. It is a ubiquitous housekeeping...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Convergence; Hydrophobic cluster analysis; Manganese superoxide dismutase; Phylogeny; Structure.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572014000300019
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Dolphins and African apes: comparisons of sympatric socio-ecology Naturalis
Bearzi, M.; Stanford, C.B..
Dolphins and African apes are distantly related mammalian taxa that exhibit striking convergences in their socioecology. In both cetaceans and African apes, two or more closely related species sometimes occur in sympatry. However, detailed reviews of the ways in which sympatric associations of dolphins and apes are similar have not been done. As field studies of dolphins and apes have accumulated, comparisons of how the two groups avoid direct food competition when in sympatry have become possible. In this paper we review sympatric ecology among dolphins and African apes, and examine convergences in species-associations in each taxa. We review evidence for hypotheses that seek to explain avoidance of food competition, and consider whether ape-dolphin...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Sympatry; Convergence; Resource partitioning; 42.84.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/262646
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The systematic placement of Afrocampsis van Achterberg & Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae): molecular and morphological evidence indicate that it belongs to Helconinae s.l. not Sigalphinae Naturalis
Quicke, D.L.J.; Manzari, S.; Achterberg, C. van.
The D2 expansion region of 28S rDNA and the smaller D3 region of Afrocampsis griseosetosus van Achterberg & Quicke, 1990, were analysed. Molecular and morphological evidence indicate that Afrocampsis is the sister group of Urosigalphus + Canalicephalus (forming a separate clade close to the tribe Diospilini) or that it is associated with a group of the subfamily Helconinae s.s.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Braconidae; Sigalphinae; Helconinae; Diospilini; Afrocampsis; Canalicephalus; Urosigalphus; Phylogeny; Biology; Morphology; Convergence; 28S rDNA; 42.75.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/217482
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Systematic notes on Asian birds. 34. A preliminary review of the Aegithinidae Naturalis
Wells, D.R.; Dickinson, E.C.; Dekker, R.W.R.J..
Hypotheses of iora phylogeny are reviewed up to date, and the history of the generic name investigated. Interactions between A. nigrolutea and A. tiphia are examined and reasons presented for treating them as separate species. The allowability of a widely disjunct distribution in subspecies A. tiphia deignani Hall, 1957 is queried, and its range narrowed substantially, forcing a re-designation of Indian populations. Additional, small systematic and distributional issues bearing on other Aegithina species are noticed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor Palavras-chave: Ioras; Aegithinidae; Species-limits; Intergrades; Subspecies; Nomenclature; Convergence; Eclipse plumage; 42.83.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/220218
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WHY IS AGRICULTURAL LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY HIGHER IN SOME COUNTRIES THAN OTHERS? AgEcon
Gutierrez, Luciano.
Agriculture productivity varies dramatically in different regions of the world. Using recent theories of economic growth and new data sets (Larson and al., 1999) as a guide, this study finds some empirical regularities between agricultural labour productivity growth, investment and education, as also for environmental factors, for 44 countries during the period 1980-1993. We find strong evidence that where agricultural investment and educated people rates are higher, agricultural labour productivity grows faster. Secondly, geographical factors as well as freer trade influence growth. Finally, we find evidence of conditional convergence, which means that cross-country agricultural productivity does not converge to the same level of steady state but that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Growth; Labour productivity; Convergence; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21741
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Review of Effective Convergence between China’s Rural Minimum Subsistence Security System and the Development Policy of Poverty Alleviation AgEcon
Wei, Song.
Based on the conclusion of the related researches on China’s rural poverty alleviation policies and poverty problems, studies of Chinese scholars on the convergence between rural minimum subsistence system and the development policies of poverty alleviation are illustrated and personal understandings proposed. On the one hand, considering the actual situations of the quickening of China’s urbanization and deepening of poverty, it is necessary to make significant adjustment and transformation in China’s poverty reduction policies and minimum subsistence security system. On the other hand, it is pointed out that there is no omnipotent experience to follow in the convergence of minimum subsistence security system and poverty reduction policies. The actual...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Countryside; Minimum subsistence security system; Poverty alleviation and development; Convergence; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113486
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Convergence or Divergence in Food Demand: Comparison of Trends in the EU and North America AgEcon
Regmi, Anita; Unnevehr, Laurian J..
Whether food demand is "converging" is tested in two ways. First, the convergence of food expenditures among 18 high-income countries is examined from 1990 to 2004. Convergence is apparent in total expenditures, cereals, and meats, even after correcting for differences in income and levels of protection. Second, specific food retailing and product introduction patterns are examined for the US, Canada, and four northern European countries for the past two decades. These show increasing shares for retail outlets selling standardized products, and increased preference for convenience, upscale, and natural product attributes across all six countries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Food expenditures; Product attributes; Convergence; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; Q18.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24687
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Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts AgEcon
Ludena, Carlos E.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt, Alejandro.
There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive – particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Malmquist index; Productivity; Convergence; Projections; Crops; Livestock; Productivity Analysis; D24; O13; O47; Q10.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25392
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The European Regional Policy in Hungary. An Evaluation of the Objectives and Instruments for the Cohesion AgEcon
Monasterolo, Irene.
The paper underlines the progresses Hungary undertook during the pre-accession process and after the European Union membership in regional economic development. Using official documents of the European Institutions, statistical data provided by Inforegio, Eurostat, the Hungarian National Institute of Statistics, FADN-DG Agriculture and AKI I’ve evaluated the impact of the European objectives and instruments for the cohesion (Structural funds and the Cohesion fund) on the convergence of the Country with the European parameters. The results obtained show a slow evidence of economic convergence but also the emergence and increase of internal divergence between ‘winning’ and ‘loosing’ counties, these last being prevalently agricultural, with problems of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: European regional policy; Convergence; Cohesion; Agricultural reforms.; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7800
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CONVERGENCE IN U.S. TFP GROWTH FOR AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS OF INTERSTATE RESEARCH SPILLOVERS FOR FUNDING AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH AgEcon
McCunn, Alan; Huffman, Wallace E..
This paper examines state agricultural total factor productivity (TFP) data, 1950-1982, for evidence of convergence, i.e., TFP growth rates of the future are inversely related to the TFP level at the starting data. After finding evidence of convergence, the paper examines the contributions of public and private R&D to convergence and presents implications for a more efficient organization of public agricultural research. For example, we find that increasing a states own investment in public agricultural research reduces the rate of TFP convergence but larger public investments in surrounding areas that potentially spillin increase the rate of convergence. Also, the results imply that the average rate of convergence in our best fitting model is about...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Convergence; Total factor productivity; States; Spillins; Growth; Public research; Agriculture; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18266
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Análise da convergência da produtividade da mão-de-obra agropecuária entre os estados brasileiros: aplicação de matrizes de Markov, 1990-2000 AgEcon
Fochezatto, Adelar; Stulp, Valter Jose.
The study analyzes the convergence of the labor productivity in the Brazilian agricultural sector in the nineties, comparing it with its productivity in the other sectors and projecting its future behavior through Markov matrices. The results indicate that the Brazilian states are diverging in the labor productivity in the agricultural sector. Some states will move to a high level and others to a low level of labor productivity. In five of the other sectors of the Brazilian economy there will be a convergence of the states with regard to the labor productivity. In three of these five sectors the states will converge to a low level of labor productivity; in one sector they will converge to two classes of low productivity and in another sector the states...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agricultural; Labor productivity; Convergence; Markov model; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61233
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Waste Generation and Landfill Diversion Dynamics: Decentralised Management and Spatial Effects AgEcon
Mazzanti, Massimiliano; Montini, Anna; Nicolli, Francesco.
This paper provides analyses of municipal waste generation and landfill diversion dynamics based on an 8-year panel dataset for Italy covering 103 provinces. Although absolute declining for waste generation is a long way off, there are some first signals of increasing relative delinking and robust average landfill diversion. Spatial effects seem to be negligible, probably due to the strong decentralisation of waste management and policies: local, economic, policy and structural factors contribute to explaining the waste dynamics. Though North-South waste performances are showing some signals of convergence, greater efforts towards convergence of waste performances in a decentralised policy scenario are needed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Waste Generation; Waste Management; Landfill Diversion; Decentralised Waste Policies; Landfill Tax; Separated Collection; Spatial Effects; Convergence; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; Q38; Q56.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60660
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Distribution Dynamics of Food Price Inflation Rates in EU: An Alternative Conditional Density Estimator Approach AgEcon
Liontakis, Angelos E.; Papadas, Christos T..
This paper examines the existence of convergence and distribution dynamics of food price inflation rates within the European Union. Differences in such specific price index inflation rates and changes in their regional distributions reflect largely differences and developments in market conditions and structures. Traditional measures and approaches to β-convergence and σ-convergence, fail to capture sufficiently the evolving distributional dynamics. The latter includes possible mobility prospects within distributions and potential formation of clubs. To deal with these issues, the paper adopts developments in the literature of non parametric econometric methods and employs an alternative conditional density estimator as well. Implementation of this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Kernel density estimator; Convergence; Distribution dynamics; Food price inflation.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58084
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The GDP's of Three Regions in Western Europe, 1950-1990 AgEcon
Theil, Henri; Deepak, Sri Devi.
We use international comparison data of Summers and Heston to trace the development of three regions in Western Europe: the countries currently outside the European Union (EEC), the EEC Center, and the EEC Periphery (Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain). For each year during the period 1950-1990, the per capita gross domestic products of these regions decrease in this order, but the development over time shows a rapid increase of all three regions as well as a mutual convergence, the inequality of the regions and their constituent countries declining substantially.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Convergence; GDP; Inequality; Purchasing power parity; Western Europe; World Penn Tables.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43297
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State Productivity Growth: Catching Up and the Business Cycle AgEcon
Ball, V. Eldon; San Juan, Carlos; Ulloa, Camilo.
Selected paper AAEA 2012
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Convergence; Total factor productivity; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123334
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The Inconvenience Cost: A Portfolio Approach to Non-Convergence Between Cash and Futures Prices AgEcon
Adjemian, Michael K.; Kuethe, Todd H.; Kunda, Eugene L..
Cash and futures prices should reach equality, or converge, upon contract maturity. Traders can impose convergence during the delivery month through arbitrage behavior: either making or taking delivery on futures contracts. If convergence is not predictable, a futures market fails to provide a clear storage signal to potential inventory holders and reduces the attractiveness of hedging. Recent convergence problems in domestic commodity markets demonstrate the existence of persistent, significant arbitrage opportunities over the second half of the last decade. Yet, terminal elevator operators—perhaps the only participants with the capacity to do so—have not arbitraged away these riskless returns by making enough deliveries. This model demonstrates...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Convergence; Arbitrage; Portfolio Theory; Storage; Agricultural Finance; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; G11; D21; Q14.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61040
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Growth and Technological Leadership in US Industries: A Spatial Econometric Analysis at the State Level, 1963–-1997 AgEcon
Pede, Valerien O.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; de Groot, Henri L.F..
For several decades, cross-country analyses have dominated the literature on economic growth. Recently, these analyses have been extended to include sectoral variation as well as spatial variation across sub-national regions. This paper investigates economic growth and potential determinants of the process of catch-up to technology leaders for several economic sectors, using data for the lower 48 US states from 1963 through 1997. We analyze the potential influence of factors such as human capital, and geographical distance to the technology leader. A spatially explicit growth model in which technological progress is endogenously determined is used to model productivity growth in nine US industries, ranging from mining to government, and including a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Regional economic growth; Convergence; Industry level; Technological leadership; Spatial econometrics; Industrial Organization; C21; I23; O33; R12.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9691
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Regional Convergence in the European Union (1985-1999): A Spatial Dynamic Panel Analysis AgEcon
Badinger, Harald; Muller, Werner G.; Tondl, Gabriele.
We estimate the speed of income convergence for a sample of 196 European NUTS 2 regions over the period 1985-1999. So far there is no direct estimator available for dynamic panels with strong spatial dependencies. We propose a two-step procedure, which involves first spatial filtering of the variables to remove the spatial correlation, and application of standard GMM estimators for dynamic panels in a second step. Our results show that ignorance of the spatial correlation leads to potentially misleading results. Applying a system GMM estimator on the filtered variables, we obtain a speed of convergence of 6.9 per cent and a capital elasticity of 0.43.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Growth; Convergence; Spatial dependence; Spatial filtering; Dynamic panels; GMM; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C23; O00; R11.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26329
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The Geography and Channels of Diffusion at the World's Technology Frontier AgEcon
Keller, Wolfgang.
Convergence in per capita income turns on whether technological knowledge spillovers are global or local. Global spillovers favor convergence, while a geographically limited scope of knowledge diffusion can lead to regional clusters of countries with persistently different levels of income per capita. This paper estimates the importance of geographic distance for technology diffusion, how this changed over time, and whether international trade, foreign direct investment, and communication flows serve as important channels of diffusion. The analysis is based on examining the productivity effects of R&D expenditures in the world's seven major industrialized countries between 1970 and 1995. First, I find that the scope of technology diffusion is severely...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Convergence; Divergence; Economic Geography; Total Factor Productivity; Technology Diffusion; International Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Communication; Spillovers; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; 03; F2.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26140
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Analisis de convergencia en productividad agraria en las regiones europeas AgEcon
Valero, Juan Sebastian Castillo; Cuerva Narro, Maria Carmen.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se estudia la convergencia regional desde un punto de vista sectorial, centrada en el sector agrario. En el desarrollo del mismo se hace eco de la relevancia del sector agrario para una explicación histórica de las desigualdades territoriales en la Unión Europea y se analiza la evolución de la desigualdad y la convergencia de las agriculturas en las regiones europeas durante el periodo 1985-1997 a través del valor añadido agrario por ocupado. La existencia de un proceso de convergencia a niveles absolutos entre las economías regionales agrarias es un hecho constatado en el análisis. Sin embargo, las peculiaridades específicas de cada territorio hacen que no podamos hablar de una posición de equilibrio común, sino que las...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Convergence; Agricultural Productivity; Common Agricultural Policy; European regions; Productivity Analysis; O13; O41; Q18; R00.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28792
Registros recuperados: 38
Primeira ... 12 ... Última
 

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