SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Risvoll, Camilla ; University of Nordland; camilla.risvoll.godo@uin.no; Fedreheim, Gunn Elin; Nordland Research Institute; gef@nforsk.no; Sandberg , Audun ; University of Nordland; audun.sandberg@hibo.no; BurnSilver, Shauna; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; Shauna.Burnsilver@asu.edu.

Norwegian protected areas have historically been managed by central, expertise bureaucracy; however, a governance change in 2010 decentralized and delegated the right to manage protected areas to locally elected politicians and elected Sámi representatives in newly established National Park Boards. We explore how this new governance change affects adaptive capacity within the reindeer industry, as the reindeer herders are now participating with other users in decision-making processes related to large tracts of protected areas in which they have pasture access. Aspects within adaptive capacity and resilience thinking are useful as complementary dimensions to a social-ecological system framework (Ostrom 2007) in exploring the dynamics of complex...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Decentralization; National park governance; Participation; Pastoralists; Protected areas; Reindeer herding; SES framework; Social-ecological systems.

Ano: 2014

REDD+ policy making in Nepal: toward state-centric, polycentric, or market-oriented governance?

Bushley, Bryan R; University of Hawai'i at Manoa; East-West Center; bushley@hawaii.edu.

Over the past 40 years, Nepal has become renowned for its community-based forestry policies, initiatives, and institutions, characterized by local autonomy in decisions about forest management and use and a gradual shift toward more inclusive national policy processes. In recent years, the government, international nongovernmental organizations (NGOs), donors, and some civil society organizations have instigated policy and piloting initiatives for an international climate change mitigation scheme known as “reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries” (REDD+). Although many people see REDD+ as a means of bolstering forest conservation efforts and enhancing...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Conservation; Decentralization; Forest governance; Policy networks; South Asia.

Ano: 2014

Will Forests Remain in the Face of Oil Palm Expansion? Simulating Change in Malinau, Indonesia

Sandker, Marieke; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); M.Sandker@cgiar.org; Suwarno, Aritta; Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); aritta_suwarno@yahoo.com; Campbell, Bruce M; Charles Darwin University (CDU); Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); Bruce.Campbell@cdu.edu.au.

The severe tensions between conservation and development are illustrated by events in Malinau Dstrict (Kalimantan, Indonesia). Conservationists decry proposed plans for logging and conversion of pristine tropical forest to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis). Although the local government is willing to declare the district a “conservation district,” at the same time, it shows interest in oil palm conversion. This article explores the impact of the potential conversion of 500 000 ha of forest to oil palm on forest cover, in-migration, and the local economy in Malinau. The simulation model was developed using STELLA® software, and relies on a combination of empirical data, data from the literature, and stakeholder perceptions....

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Decentralization; District revenue; Forest cover; Landscape dynamics; Livelihoods; Oil palm; Participatory model; Primary forest.

Ano: 2007

Matching Social and Ecological Systems in Complex Ocean Fisheries

Wilson, James A.; University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu.

This paper considers ocean fisheries as complex adaptive systems and addresses the question of how human institutions might be best matched to their structure and function. Ocean ecosystems operate at multiple scales, but the management of fisheries tends to be aimed at a single species considered at a single broad scale. The paper argues that this mismatch of ecological and management scale makes it difficult to address the fine-scale aspects of ocean ecosystems, and leads to fishing rights and strategies that tend to erode the underlying structure of populations and the system itself. A successful transition to ecosystem-based management will require institutions better able to economize on the acquisition of feedback about the impact of human...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Resource governance; Fisheries; Complex adaptive systems; Scale; Fishing effort; Decentralization; Governance institutions; Incentives; Multiscale governance; Fishing rights; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem-based management; Polycentric networks.

Ano: 2006

Applying the social-ecological system framework to the diagnosis of urban lake commons in Bangalore, India

Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; Indiana University; nagendra@atree.org; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Collective action; Decentralization; Leadership; Peri-urban SES; Polycentricity.

Ano: 2014

A Multisector Framework for Assessing Community-Based Forest Management: Lessons from Madagascar

Raik, Daniela B; Cornell University; dbr23@cornell.edu; Decker, Daniel J; Cornell University; djd6@cornell.edu.

Community-based forest management has proliferated throughout Africa as national governments have decentralized the administration of public forestry. Community-based forestry has taken multiple forms, depending on the assortment of land-tenure systems, forest-use norms, wood demand, and social organization, among others factors. Nature, Wealth, and Power is an analytical framework that has been developed from experiences in natural resource management in Africa. In this paper, we amend the framework to People, Nature, Wealth, and Power (PNWP), and propose it as an analytical lens for community-based forest management initiatives. We use the PNWP framework to assess the responsiveness of contractual forest management in the Menabe region of Madagascar to...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight

Palavras-chave: Community-based forest management; Decentralization; Forestry; Madagascar.

Ano: 2007

Empowering Local People through Community-based Resource Monitoring: a Comparison of Brazil and Namibia

Rostant, Luke; University of the West Indies; lrostant@gmail.com; Marinelli, Carlos Eduardo; Instituto Socioambiental; caemari@gmail.com.

Biological resource monitoring systems are implemented in many countries and often depend on the participation of local people. It has been suggested that these systems empower local participants while promoting conservation. We reviewed three wildlife monitoring systems in indigenous lands and sustainable development reserves in Brazilian Amazonia and one in Namibian Caprivi conservancies, analyzing the strategies adopted and conditions that facilitated local empowerment, as well as potential impacts on conservation. This provided insights into potential avenues to strengthen empowerment outcomes of monitoring systems in Latin America and Africa. We assessed four dimensions of empowerment at individual and community scales: psychological, social,...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Acre; Amazô Nas; Caprivi; Community participation; Decentralization; Indigenous people; Protected area; Wildlife management.

Ano: 2012

Interactive Land-Use Planning in Indonesian Rain-Forest Landscapes: Reconnecting Plans to Practice

Wollenberg, Eva; University of Vermont; lini.wollenberg@uvm.edu; Campbell, Bruce; Center for International Forestry Research; bruce.campbell@cdu.edu.au; Dounias, Edmond; CIFOR; e.dounias@cgiar.org; Gunarso, Petrus; Tropenbos; tropenbos@telkom.net; Moeliono, Moira; Center for International Forestry Research; m.moeliono@cgiar.org; Sheil, Douglas; Institute of Tropical Forest Conservation; douglassheil@itfc.org.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Land- use planning; Adaptive management; Borneo; Decentralization; Local knowledge; Spatial planning; Systems frameworks.

Ano: 2009

EFFECTIVENESS OF BYLAWS IN THE MANAGEMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES: The West African Experience

Alinon, Koffi; Kalinganire, Antoine.

The role of various stakeholders in the management of natural resources is not clear in the West African countries. This paper discusses the historical changes in power delegation from central origins to peripheral institutions. The analysis covers the rise of bylaws across the Western African countries and links the multiplicity of bylaws to the amplification of the decentralization movement. On the basis of a literature review and their own practitioners’ experiences, the authors demonstrate the pertinence of bylaws as a tool for better management of natural resources. In the West African Francophone context, bylaws could stand both for regulations enacted by decentralized authorities or “local conventions” binding village community groups. Where...

FOREST INCOMES AFTER UGANDA'S FOREST SECTOR REFORM: Are the Rural Poor Gaining?

Palavras-chave: Bylaws; West Africa; Natural resource management; Decentralization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50892

Jagger, Pamela.

Forest sector governance reform is frequently promoted as a policy tool for achieving favorable livelihood outcomes in the low income tropics. However, there is a dearth of empirical evidence to support this claim, particularly at the household level. Drawing on the case of a major forest sector governance reform implemented in Uganda in 2003, this study seeks to fill that gap. The research employs a quasi-experimental research design utilizing pre and post reform income portfolio data for a large sample of households surrounding three major forests in western Uganda; a control group is included in the design. On private forest land overseen by the decentralized District Forestry Service there has been no significant change in average annual household...

Decentralization, Local Government Elections and Voter Turnout in Pakistan

Palavras-chave: Uganda; Forest sector reform; Decentralization; Livelihoods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50891

Akramov, Kamiljon T.; Qureshi, Sarfraz; Birner, Regina; Khan, Bilal Hasan.

Decentralization has the potential to improve the accountability of government and lead to a more efficient provision of public services. However, accountability requires broad groups of people to participate in local government. Thus, voter turnout at local government elections is an important component of government accountability. This study used survey data on the 2005 local government elections in Pakistan to analyze the impact of electoral mechanisms, the credibility of elections, and voters’ socioeconomic characteristics on voter turnout. The rational-choice perspective is applied to develop the specifications of the empirical model. The empirical analysis is based on a series of standard and multilevel random-intercept logistic models. Our...

Decentralization and Environmental Conservation: Gender Effects From Participation in Joint Forest Management

Palavras-chave: Decentralization; Local government elections; Political participation; Voter turnout; Public service provision; Political Economy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42345

Agrawal, Arun; Yadama, Gautam; Andrade, Raul; Bhattacharya, Ajoy.

This paper analyzes how women’s participation affects institutional outcomes related to the decentralized governance of community forests in Madhya Pradesh, India. The analysis is based on data from a representative sample of 641 cases of joint forest management, India’s flagship program to involve communities in forest governance. We focus on two outcomes relevant for local livelihoods: control of illicit grazing and control of illicit felling in the forest. The paper statistically estimates the effects of women’s participation on outcomes, and also the source of this effect in terms of women’s representation in committees and action in protecting forests. We find that women’s participation has substantial positive effects on regulating illicit grazing...

Asymmetric property rights in China's economic growth

Palavras-chave: Joint Forest Management; Gender equity; Decentralization; Forestry Resources; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42494

Development and evaluation of a regional water poverty index for Benin

Zhang, Xiaobo.

This paper highlights the difference between secure investor property rights and loosely defined individual property rights. Globalization and fiscal decentralization have intensified this difference. On the one hand, in the presence of mobile foreign direct investments and under the arrangement of fiscal decentralization, local governments compete vigorously to offer various protections on the property rights of investors; on the other hand, local governments and developers attempt to acquire land at as low price as possible by taking advantage of the loopholes inherent in the Chinese law. Secure investor property rights together with weak protections on individuals’ land property rights is argued to be one of the major drivers of China’s rapid economic...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Property rights; Investments; Economic growth; China; Individual land property; Fiscal policies; Decentralization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55406

Who is Vouching for the Input Voucher? Decentralized Targeting and Elite Capture in Tanzania

Heidecke, Claudia.

The paper discusses the application of the Water Poverty Index (WPI) as a monitoring tool for Benin’s water sector. Benin is currently in a process of political decentralization shifting responsibility for and administration of rural water supplies from the national to the communal level. Appropriate indicators are needed for monitoring and analyzing the progress of the water sector for each community. The Water Poverty Index allows monitoring of a combination of aspects affecting rural water management, including water sources, access to and use of water, human capacity to manage water, and environmental impacts. The application of this index is tested for Benin at the regional level. A series of variables have been chosen for inclusion into the index...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Water poverty index; Water supply; Decentralization; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55413

Pan, Lei; Christiaensen, Luc J.M..

Through decentralized targeting of input vouchers new agricultural input subsidy programs aim to more effectively reach their objectives and target population. But, lingering fears of elite capture remain. These are borne out in the 2009 input voucher program in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Sixty percent of the voucher beneficiaries were households with village officials. This significantly reduced the targeting performance of the program, especially in unequal and remote communities. When targeting the poor, greater coverage and concentration in higher trust settings mitigated these concerns. Scrutiny remains important when relying on decentralized targeting, as is a clearer sense of purpose of input vouchers.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Local elite; Decentralization; Targeting; Fertilizer; Voucher program; Tanzania; International Development; Public Economics; H11; H42; O22.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122905

Collective Action to Secure Property Rights for the Poor: A Case Study in Jambi Province, Indonesia

Komarudin, Heru; Siagian, Yuliana L.; Colfer, Carol.

This study presents an approach to analyzing decentralized forestry and natural resource management and land property rights issues, and catalyzing collective action among villages and district governments. It focuses on understanding the current policies governing local people’s access to property rights and decision making processes, and learning how collective action among community groups and interaction among stakeholders can enhance local people’s rights over lands, resources, and policy processes for development. The authors applied participatory action research in two villages, one each in the Bungo and Tanjabbar districts of Jambi province (Sumatra), Indonesia, to facilitate identification of priorities through phases of planning, action,...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Decentralization; Natural resource management; Forest; Collective action; Property rights; Action research; Indonesia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44363

Devolution and Accountability Effects in the Public Provision of Water Services in Indonesia

Meirelles, Patricia; Rodriguez, Catherine.

This paper separately evaluates how devolution and accountability, two distinct aspects of the decentralization reforms implemented in Indonesia in the year 2001, influenced the public provision of water services. Using household level data it is found that the devolution of responsibility does not necessarily affect the provision of public services. Our findings show that the quality of publicly provided water decreased only in cities in which devolution was accompanied by a change in accountability. Robustness checks suggest that these results are driven by changes in the accountability framework rather than trends in the health services.

FIFTY YEARS OF REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN CHINA: A JOURNEY THROUGH REVOLUTION, REFORM AND OPENNESS

Palavras-chave: Indonesia; Decentralization; Accountability; Devolution; Water; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O2; I18; H2; H54.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107395

Kanbur, Ravi; Zhang, Xiaobo.

This paper constructs and analyses a long run time series for regional inequality in China from the Communist Revolution to the present. There have been three peaks of inequality in the last fifty years, coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s. Econometric analysis establishes that regional inequality is explained in the different phases by three key variables--the ratio of heavy industry to gross output value, the degree of centralization, and the degree of openness.