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Registros recuperados: 38
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Competitividad y cadena de valor de cítricos en México: Caso Nuevo León. Colegio de Postgraduados
Magdaleno Hernández, Adalberto.
Lo cítricos de Nuevo León, tienen calidad de exportación, pero existe una barrera sanitaria que impide su libre comercio a EUA. El gobierno estatal esta realizando inversiones para que parte de su región citrícola sea declarada libre de mosca de la fruta, eliminando así dicha barrera comercial. Sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que indiquen: la rentabilidad, ventaja comparativa de la producción citrícola, el desarrollo de cadenas de valor y la participación del gobierno en ello. Esta investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar éstas situaciones. Para ello se utilizó la metodología de Matriz de Análisis de Política (MAP) desarrollada por Monke y Pearson, en 121 de huertas de naranja de riego (5,513 ha); considerando cinco tecnologías y un valor promedio del...
Palavras-chave: Eficiencia económica; Matriz de Análisis de Política (MAP); Ventaja comparativa; Naranja; Economic efficiency; Policy Analysis Matrix; Comparative advantage; Orange; Economía; Maestría.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/766
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Análisis de los procesos de comercialización y venta de carne de pollo: El caso de pequeños expendios. Colegio de Postgraduados
Teniza Sampedro, Edgar.
El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar los procesos de comercialización de carne de pollo en tres pequeños expendios del Distrito Federal, un puesto fijo y dos puestos ambulantes. La finalidad fue identificar los componentes del proceso de comercialización y la combinación óptima de insumos. Se utilizaron funciones estocásticas de producción, en tanto que la eficiencia fue evaluada con la función Cobb-Douglas en el paquete estadístico Stata. Del análisis económico se encontró que el puesto fijo tuvo los costos de producción más bajos: costo total de $1854 ± 382; costo variable total $1740 ± 387; y costo fijo de $114 ± 23 por día. Las ventas y ganancias del puesto ambulante atendido por familiar $2832 por día y $570 por día respectivamente fueron las más...
Palavras-chave: Comercialización de carne de pollo; Eficiencia económica; Función estocástica de producción; Economic efficiency; Marketing of poultry meat; Stochastic production function; Desarrollo y Gestión de Sistemas Ganaderos; Maestría Tecnológica.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1727
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A Cautionary Note on Individual Transferable Quotas Ecology and Society
Sumaila, U. Rashid; UBC Fisheries Centre, University of British Columbia; r.sumaila@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Individual transferable quotas (ITQs) are a type of catch share system, which is a tool used by some governments to manage fisheries. Technical reasons for taking a rather cautious approach to the implementation of ITQs have been provided previously. In the current contribution, I first highlight the strengths and weaknesses of ITQs and then provide suggestions on how to design and implement these quotas to mitigate their weaknesses. ITQs need to be designed carefully as part of a broad ecosystem-based management scheme to meet the three generally accepted objectives of modern fisheries management: ecological, economic, and social sustainability.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Catch shares; Ecological sustainability; Economic sustainability; Economic efficiency; Exclusive and transferable rights; Ecosystem-based fisheries management; Fisheries; Individual transferable quotas; ITQs; Social sustainability.
Ano: 2010
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Intensive rearing of juvenile oysters Crassostrea gigas in an upwelling system : optimization of biological production ArchiMer
Bacher, Cedric; Baud, Jean-pierre.
Seasonal growth of juvenile oysters (Crassostrea gigas) kept in an intensive upwelling system was studied from 1984 to 1986 in 60 to 90-day growth experiments. Saline ground water was used to produce Skeletonema costatum which was injected as food into the water supplying the upwelling system. Oyster density, water flow, phytoplankton concentration, temperature and frequency of food addition were controlled. Oyster growth was analysed with multidimensional contingency tables and correspondence analysis. The factors, in order of decreasing influence on growth, were temperature, food concentration and oyster density. A rearing strategy was deduced from the growth analysis for summer and winter. In summer, the density of 120,000 oysters/m2, the flow rate of...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Nursery; Growth; Correspondence analysis; Multidimensional contingency table analysis; Economic efficiency; Skeletonema costatum; Crassotrea gigas; Nourriture; Croissance; Analyse des correspondances; Table de contingence multidimensionnelle; Rentabilité économique; Skeletonema costatum; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 1992 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/publication-3061.pdf
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Assessing programmes for the provision of agri-environmental services – An efficiency analysis realized in Southern Germany AgEcon
Kantelhardt, Jochen; Eckstein, Karin; Hoffmann, Helmut.
Agricultural land use does not only concern farmers, but is of high relevance for the environment. Agri-environmental programmes aim to foster the environmental soundness of agricultural production. The aim of this study is to analyse the impact of agri-environmental programmes on the economic and the environmental performance of farms. Using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we calculated the economic as well as the environmental efficiencies of farms and examined whether farms are able to succeed in combining environmental and economic efficiency. As study object serves a South German agri-environmental programme, the Bavarian KULAP. A farm survey was conducted covering a total of 102 farmers. The results show that farmers who...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental programme; Data envelopment analysis; Environmental efficiency; Economic efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51688
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Rural Financial Development and Rural Economic Efficiency Improvement Based on Granger Causality Test AgEcon
Zeng, Guo-ping; Xu, Xin-fang.
Based on the co-integration test theory, Financial Interrelation Ratio (FIR), level of financial efficiency (LFE), level of financial development (LFD) and other indices evaluating the rural financial development are selected by Granger Causality Test. The rural loan balance (RLB), rural deposit balance (RDB), total rural output (TRO), fixed assets investment(FAI), Financial Interrelation Ratio (FIR), economic efficiency (EE), level of financial efficiency (LFE), and level of financial development (LFD) in the years 1979-2007 are collected. Graphical method intuitively reflects the development trend and historical track of relevant indices; and Granger Causality Test verifies the relationship between rural financial development level and rural economic...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Rural finance; Economic efficiency; Granger Causality Test; China; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96044
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Do farmers provide agri-environmental services efficiently? – An economic analysis AgEcon
Kantelhardt, Jochen; Eckstein, Karin.
Agricultural land use does not only concern farmers, but also has a large number of social and environmental effects. Consequently, it is to be assumed that farmers have to use financial resources as well as labour in order to provide these services. Using the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), we calculated the economic as well as the ecological efficiencies of farms and examined whether farms are able to succeed in combining ecological and economic efficiency. In addition to this analysis, we studied the driving factors of the respective efficiencies. The study was carried out in four typical production regions in Bavaria which vary in their proportions of grassland as well as their yield potential; thus, the study regions reflect a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural land use; Data envelopment analysis; Ecological efficiency; Economic efficiency; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7973
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LARGE FARMS IN POLAND FOUNDED ON THE BASIS OF THE PROPERTY OF FORMER STATE - OWNED FARMS (PGRS) AgEcon
Kagan, Adam.
This paper presents economic results of three groups of large farms, in the years 2000-2005, which were founded on the basis of the property of former state – owned farms in Poland. They were divided according their legal and organisational form into: farms purchased, farms on lease and shareholder companies of the State Treasury. On the basis of the results of the analysis it was concluded that all three groups are economically effective, however, farms purchased, as a legal and organisational form, are protected against the production and market risk in the highest degree. Hence, the final direction of privatisation in Poland at the present stage of restructuring should be the purchase of farms. It does not mean, however, that there is a need to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Economic efficiency; Shareholder companies of the State Treasury; Farms purchased; Farms on lease; Poland; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7812
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Avaliação econômica comparativa de sistemas de produção de gado de corte sob condições de risco no Mato Grosso do Sul AgEcon
Simoes, Andre Rozemberg Peixoto; Moura, Altair Dias de; Rocha, Denis Teixeira da.
The present work aimed to analyze the economical efficiency and the risk associated with three different cattle production systems (Cow-calf, Rearing and Finishing) in the Alto Pantanal (MS) Area. For that, the economical efficiency of each system was assessed and then the Monte Carlo risk simulation method was performed. The deterministic analysis showed that the Rearing system was the most profitable while the Finishing system presented the worst profit result. The Cow-calf system obtained an intermediate profit result. The risk economical analysis revealed the Cow-calf system as the lower risky system. On the other hand, the Finishing system showed the higher risk, presenting 28,7% of probability to obtain negative profit. The Rearing system showed the...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Cattle production systems; Economic efficiency; Monte Carlo risk simulation; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55172
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Land Rental Markets in India: Efficiency and Equity Considerations AgEcon
Akter, Shaheen; Farrington, John; Deshingkar, Priya; Sharma, Pramod; Rao, Laxman.
Despite the fact that land rental is restricted to varying degrees in India, the participation in this market is widespread and it is observed to operate relatively efficiently in 12 villages studied in Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The estimated probit models predicted that the rental market transferred land to those with relatively smaller holdings, but greater ability to make productive use of land, more assets to invest, more adults available for labour and fewer off-farm opportunities. Also land is rented out predominantly to younger farmers and to farmers not involved in off-farm jobs. Renting in is predicted to be relatively higher in the villages which are remote and weakly integrated into mainstream infrastructure and institutions. Land...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land rental markets; Economic efficiency; Equity; India; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25265
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An application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to Evaluate Economic Efficiency of Poultry Farms in Bangladesh AgEcon
Begum, Ismat Ara; Buysse, Jeroen; Alam, Mohammad Jahangir; Van Huylenbroeck, Guido.
This study estimates the technical, allocative and economic efficiency obtained from the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach using farm level survey data to a sample of 100 poultry farmers in Bangladesh for the year 2007. The results from the DEA approach show that there is substantial technical, allocative and economic inefficiency in poultry production in Bangladesh. The results of the study reveal that under constant return to scale (CRS) and variable returns to scale (VRS) specification, on average, the farms technical, allocative and economic efficiencies were 88%, 70%, 62% and 89%, 73%, 66% respectively. Thus the results indicate that efficiency scores vary substantially across the sampled farms. To explain some of these variations, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Economic efficiency; DEA; Poultry farms; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Production Economics.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50900
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Technical, Allocative, and Economic Efficiency in Swedish Dairy Farms: The Data Envelopment Analysis Versus the Stochastic Frontier Approach AgEcon
Johansson, Helena.
Technical, allocative, and economic input efficiency scores were estimated for an unbalanced panel of Swedish dairy farms, using data envelopment analysis (DEA) and the stochastic frontier approach (SFA). By comparing the results it was concluded that when the entire dairy farm is studied the DEA is more appropriate to use since it does not require any particular parametric form to be chosen. The average DEA technical, allocative and economic efficiency indices were eventually found to be 0.77, 0.57, and 0.43 respectively. The influence of size on the efficiency scores was analyzed and significant evidence indicating a positive relationship between size and efficiency was found. Finally it was concluded that the main challenge facing the Swedish dairy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Allocative efficiency; Economic efficiency; Data envelopment analysis; Stochastic frontier approach; Livestock Production/Industries; C14; C23; C24.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24478
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Evaluation of the Efficiency of Agricultural Holdings in View of Structural Changes in Estonia AgEcon
Matveev, Eduard.
This presentation provides comparative analysis of agricultural holdings in Estonia based on the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) data. The FADN data for reference years 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2003 have been analysed. The FADN data analyses showed, that there are very big differences in the structure of the agricultural holdings. Individual farms represent ca 92% of the total population of agricultural producers but at the same time their part in total production attains less than 50% according to the FADN data for year 2003.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Comparative analysis; Economic efficiency; Estonia; Farm income; Land ownership; Net value added; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24423
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Animals’ Health Control Efficiency in Northwest Portugal: A Two-stage DEA Approach AgEcon
Costa, Leonardo; Oude Lansink, Alfons G.J.M.; Silva, Elvira.
A two-stage approach is employed to analyze the efficiency of cooperatives responsible for ruminants’ disease control (OPP) at the farm level in Northwest Portugal. In the first stage, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is used to estimate and decompose input-based overall inefficiency for each OPP. The input-based inefficiency measures are generated using the directional input distance function. In the second stage, the inefficiency estimates are regressed on environmental and organizational factors in order to explain efficiency differentials. Despite substantial environmental differences, the empirical results indicate that most cooperatives can reduce costs by improving scale efficiency and pure technical efficiency.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Input directional distance function; Bootstrapping; Economic efficiency; Animal health services.; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58000
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Economic Competition and Evolution: Are there Lessons from Ecology? AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
After discussing generally models in ecology and economics that combine competition, optimization and evolution, this article concentrates on models of intraspecific competition. It demonstrates the importance of diversity/inequalities within populations of species and other environments for the sustainability of their populations, given the occurrence of environmental change. This is demonstrated both for scramble (open-access) and contest competition. Implications are drawn for human populations and for industrial organization. The possibility is raised that within industry competition may not always exist between firms in all stages of the development of a new industry. Policy implications are considered. For example, it is argued that policies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Competition policy; Ecology; Economic efficiency; Evolution; Intraspecific competition; Market development; Environmental Economics and Policy; L100; J100; Q150.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90526
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Preliminary principles to guide best practice water quality regulation from an economic perspective AgEcon
Coggan, Anthea; Whitten, Stuart M.; Greyling, Tertius.
Regulatory regimes intended to enforce changes to land use or management impose costs on landholders and governments. Landholder costs comprise changes to capital equipment, changes to crop or enterprise management including direct compliance costs, opportunity costs of lost production, and transaction costs from informing themselves about regulatory requirements, potential compliance strategies and administration associated with implementation of these strategies. Governments must design and implement the regulatory framework along with an appropriate compliance structure and other associated costs. In this paper we apply economic theory, in particular relating to institutional economics and transaction costs, and the degree of heterogeneity landholder...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Diffuse source pollutants; Regulations; Economic efficiency; Transaction costs; Water quality; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58890
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Cost-Effectiveness Evaluation of Swiss Agri-Environmental Measures on Sector Level AgEcon
Schader, Christian; Sanders, Jurn; Offermann, Frank; Lampkin, Nicolas; Stolze, Matthias.
This paper focuses on non-linear programming models and their suitability for ex-ante evaluations of agri-environmental policies on sector level. An approach is presented to compare organic farming payments as a multi-objective policy, with other, more targeted agri-environmental policies in Switzerland. The Swiss version of the comparative static sector-consistent farm group model FARMIS is able to group the sector’s farms into organic and non-organic farms and optimise them separately. CH-FARMIS is expanded with three modules particularly for this study: a) allowing for the simulation of uptake; b) integrating life cycle assessment data for energy use, eutrophication and biodiversity; and c) estimating the policy and farm-group-specific public...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming; Life cycle assessment; Organic farming; Environmental indicators; Economic efficiency; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6604
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TO NEGOTIATE OR TO GAME THEORIZE: Negotiation vs. Game Theory Outcomes for Water Allocation Problems in the Kat Basin, South Africa AgEcon
Dinar, Ariel; Farolfi, Stefano; Patrone, Fioravante; Rowntree, Kate.
The 6th MEETING ON GAME THEORY AND PRACTICE Zaragoza, Spain 10-12 July 2006
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Negotiation; Role-playing game; Core; Nucleolus; Shapley value; Water allocation; Economic efficiency; Planning models; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C71; C78; Q25; Q56; R14.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60888
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DOES EFFICIENT WATER MANAGEMENT MATTER? PHYSICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WATER USE IN THE RIVER BASIN AgEcon
Cai, Ximing; Ringler, Claudia; Rosegrant, Mark W..
With growing water scarcity and increasing competition across water-using sectors, the need for water savings and more efficient water use has increased in importance in water resources management. Improvement in the physical efficiency of water use is related to water conservation through increasing the fraction of water beneficially used over water applied, while enhancing economic efficiency is a broader concept seeking the highest economic value of water use through both physical and managerial measures. Physical and economic efficiency measures are both useful indicators for water management at the irrigation system and river basin level. However, the relationship between physical efficiency and economic efficiency is not always clear and the values...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Basin water management; Water use efficiency; Irrigation efficiency; Economic efficiency; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16043
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Efficient Public Provision of Commodities: Transaction Costs, Bounded Rationality and Other Considerations AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
After briefly reviewing recent economic theories about the economic welfare consequences of public provision of private commodities, this article examines the cost efficient supply of publicly provided commodities. In the light of the presence of transaction costs and bounded rationality, and consequences for the competence of public bodies, it considers whether the following are cost effective: (1) increased out-sourcing of government funded work and supplies using market and competitive mechanisms; (2) greater contestability of employment in the public sector; (3) more widespread imposition of user charges for publicly supplied commodities; and (4) the increased use of performance budgeting and accounting in the public sector. These measures are often...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Bounded rationality; Competence; Economic efficiency; Transaction costs; User charges; Public Economics.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90529
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