SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Scheiner, Samuel M; National Science Foundation; sscheine@nsf.gov; Levassor, Catherine; ;.

We examined patterns of commonness and rarity among plant species in montane wet grasslands of Iberia. This examination is set within two contexts. First, we expanded on an earlier scheme for classifying species as common or rare by adding a fourth criterion, the ability of that species to occupy a larger or smaller fraction of its potential suitable habitats, i.e., habitat occupancy. Second, we explicated two theories, the superior organism theory and the generalist/specialist trade-off theory. The data consisted of 232 species distributed among 92 plots. The species were measured for mean local abundance, size of environmental volume occupied, percentage of volume occupied, range within Iberia, and range in Europe and the Mediterranean basin. In general,...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Commonness; Endangered species; Generalist/specialist trade-off; Geographic range; Habitat occupancy; Habitat specificity; Iberia; Local abundance; Montane grasslands; Rarity; Superior organism theory..

Ano: 1999

Finding a PATH toward Scientific Collaboration: Insights from the Columbia River Basin

Marmorek, David; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; dmarmorek@essa.com; Peters, Calvin; ESSA Technologies Ltd.; cpeters@essa.com.

Observed declines in the Snake River basin salmon stocks, listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), have been attributed to multiple causes: the hydrosystem, hatcheries, habitat, harvest, and ocean climate. Conflicting and competing analyses by different agencies led the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) in 1995 to create the Plan for Analyzing and Testing Hypotheses (PATH), a collaborative interagency analytical process. PATH included about 30 fisheries scientists from a dozen agencies, as well as independent participating scientists and a technical facilitation team. PATH had some successes and some failures in meeting its objectives. Some key lessons learned from these successes and failures were to: (1) build trust through independent...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Analytical framework; Collaborative process; Columbia River; Decision analysis; Endangered species; Hydrosystem; Multi-agency research; Salmon management; Snake River.

Ano: 2001

Misuse of Checklist Assessments in Endangered Species Recovery Efforts

Good, Thomas P; National Marine Fisheries Service; tom.good@noaa.gov; Harms, Tamara K; Arizona State University; tamara.harms@asu.edu; Ruckelshaus, Mary H; National Marine Fisheries Service; mary.ruckelshaus@noaa.gov.

Natural resource agencies worldwide must develop species recovery plans that specify threats, propose targets required for recovery, and evaluate the extent to which habitat alteration and restoration may influence species decline and recovery. To evaluate the impacts of proposed habitat alterations on species of conservation concern, standardized protocols may be adopted even when supporting data are scarce. For example, a habitat matrix was developed by the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) to guide consultations under the Endangered Species Act for actions that may affect the functioning of the freshwater habitat used by several federally listed salmonid species. The habitat matrix has also been advocated as a tool for recovery planning by...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Checklists; Conservation; Endangered species; Habitat assessment; Proxy indicator; Salmonids; Matrix.

Ano: 2003

The Influence of the Academic Conservation Biology Literature on Endangered Species Recovery Planning

Stinchcombe, John; Brown University; John_Stinchcombe@brown.edu; Moyle, Leonie C; Duke University, Biology Department; lcm6@duke.edu; Hudgens, Brian R; Duke University, Biology Department;; Bloch, Philip L; ;; Chinnadurai, Sathya; ;; Morris, William F; ;.

Despite the volume of the academic conservation biology literature, there is little evidence as to what effect this work is having on endangered species recovery efforts. Using data collected from a national review of 136 endangered and threatened species recovery plans, we evaluated whether recovery plans were changing in response to publication trends in four areas of the academic conservation biology literature: metapopulation dynamics, population viability analysis, conservation corridors, and conservation genetics. We detected several changes in recovery plans in apparent response to publication trends in these areas (e.g., the number of tasks designed to promote the recovery of an endangered species shifted, although these tasks were rarely assigned...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Conservation biology; Conservation corridors; Conservation genetics; Endangered species; Endangered Species Act; Influential papers; Population Viability Analysis; PVA; Recovery plans.

Ano: 2002

Tackling Biocomplexity with Meta-models for Species Risk Assessment

Nyhus, Philip J.; Environmental Studies Program, Colby College; pjnyhus@colby.edu; Lacy, Robert; Chicago Zoological Society; rlacy@ix.netcom.com; Westley, Frances R; Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison; westley@wisc.edu; Miller, Philip; Conservation Breeding Specialist Group (SSC/IUCN); pmiller@cbsg.org; Vredenburg, Harrie; Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary; harrie.vredenburg@haskayne.ucalgary.ca; Paquet, Paul; Faculty of Environmental Design, University of Calgary; ppaquet@sasktel.net; Pollak, John; Visual Biosystems; jp@visualbiosystems.com.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biocomplexity; Endangered species; Human dimension; Meta-model; Population viability analysis; Risk assessment; VORTEX..

Ano: 2007

USDA Forest Service Roadless Areas: Potential Biodiversity Conservation Reserves

Loucks, Colby; World Wildlife Fund; colby.loucks@wwfus.org; Brown, Nicholas; NatureServe; nick_brown@natureserve.org; Loucks, Andrea; Pinchot Institute; andreabedell@pinchot.org; Cesareo, Kerry; World Wildlife Fund; kerry.cesareo@wwfus.org.

In January 2001, approximately 23 x 106 ha of land in the U.S. National Forest System were slated to remain roadless and protected from timber extraction under the Final Roadless Conservation Rule. We examined the potential contributions of these areas to the conservation of biodiversity. Using GIS, we analyzed the concordance of inventoried roadless areas (IRAs) with ecoregion-scale biological importance and endangered and imperiled species distributions on a scale of 1:24,000. We found that more than 25% of IRAs are located in globally or regionally outstanding ecoregions and that 77% of inventoried roadless areas have the potential to conserve threatened, endangered, or imperiled species. IRAs would increase the conservation reserve network...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: GIS; USDA Forest Service; Biodiversity conservation; Endangered species; Grizzly bears; Imperiled species; Roadless areas; Threatened species.

Ano: 2003

Panthers and Forests in South Florida: an Ecological Perspective

Comiskey, E. Jane; University of Tennessee; ecomiske@tiem.utk.edu; Bass, Jr., Oron L; Everglades National Park; Sonny_Bass@nps.gov; Gross, Louis J; University of Tennessee; gross@tiem.utk.edu; McBride, Roy T; Livestock Protection Company;; Salinas, Rene; University of Tennessee; salinas@tiem.utk.edu.

The endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) survives in an area of pronounced habitat diversity in southern Florida, occupying extensive home ranges that encompass a mosaic of habitats. Twenty-one years of daytime monitoring via radiotelemetry have provided substantial but incomplete information about panther ecology, mainly because this method fails to capture movement and habitat use between dusk and dawn, when panthers are most active. Broad characterizations of panther habitat suitability have nonetheless been derived from telemetry-based habitat selection studies, focusing narrowly on forests where daytime resting sites are often located. The resulting forest-centered view of panthers attributed their restricted distribution and absence of...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Felis concolor coryi; Florida panther; Puma concolor coryi; Forested habitat; Endangered species; Fractal analysis; Habitat selection; Home range; Landscape conservation; Telemetry.

Ano: 2002

Are Long Fire-free Periods Needed to Maintain the Endangered, Fire-recruiting Shrub Arctostaphylos morroensis(Ericaceae)?

Odion, Dennis; Marine Science Institute, University of California, Santa Barbara; dennisodion@home.com; Tyler, Claudia; Institute for Computational Earth Systems Science; tyler@lifesci.ucsb.edu.

Morro manazanita (Arctostaphylos morroensis) is a distinctive shrub restricted to a small area along the coast of California, USA. This endangered species faces two opposing fire-related extinction risks: (1) adults are killed by fire, and (2) recruitment opportunities only occur with fire. These strongly limit the capacity of this, as well as other obligate-seeding species, to recover from a population decline, which may result if there is an inadequate amount of time between fires for replenishment of sufficient seed populations. Using a prescribed burn, we tested whether the size of the seed bank that had accumulated in a 40-yr-old stand would prove adequate for maintaining A. morroensis population sizes through fire. Prior to the burn, we found ~11,000...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Arctostaphylos morroensis; California coast; Endangered species; Fire-dependent germination; Fire-related extinction risk; Maritime chaparral; Morro manzanita; Obligate-seeder; Postfire seedling recruitment; Seed bank; Shrublands; Viable seed.

Ano: 2002

Coupled human and natural systems approach to wildlife research and conservation

Carter, Neil H; National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center; ncarter@sesync.org; Hull, Vanessa; Michigan State University; hullvane@msu.edu; McConnell, William J.; Michigan State University; mcconn64@msu.edu; Axinn, William; University of Michigan; baxinn@umich.edu; Ghimire, Dirgha; University of Michigan; nepdjg@umich.edu; Liu, Jianguo; Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu.

Conserving wildlife while simultaneously meeting the resource needs of a growing human population is a major sustainability challenge. As such, using combined social and environmental perspectives to understand how people and wildlife are interlinked, together with the mechanisms that may weaken or strengthen those linkages, is of utmost importance. However, such integrated information is lacking. To help fill this information gap, we describe an integrated coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) approach for analyzing the patterns, causes, and consequences of changes in wildlife population and habitat, human population and land use, and their interactions. Using this approach, we synthesize research in two sites, Wolong Nature Reserve in China and...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis

Palavras-chave: Complex systems; Conservation; Endangered species; Interdisciplinary science; Wildlife science.

Ano: 2014

Spatial Dynamics of Sea Turtle Abundance and Shrimping Intensity in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico

McDaniel, Carrie J; Duke University Marine Laboratory; cjmcdaniel@hotmail.com; Crowder, Larry B; Duke University Marine Laboratory; lcrowder@duke.edu; Priddy, Jeffery A; Duke University Marine Laboratory; jpriddy@duke.edu.

In order to examine the scientific feasibility of area closures for sea turtle protection, we determined the spatial dynamics of sea turtles for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico by analyzing National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) aerial survey data in September, October, and November of 1992, 1993, and 1994. Turtle sightings were grouped into depth zones and NMFS fishery statistical zones, and strip transect methods were used to estimate the relative abundance of sea turtles in each subzone. Average shrimping intensity was calculated for each subzone for all months of 1992, 1993, and 1994, as well as for the months and locations of the aerial survey. The spatial overlap of sea turtle abundance and shrimping intensity suggested regions where interactions are...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Density estimates; Endangered species; GIS; Gulf of Mexico; Kemp's ridley; Management; Sea turtles; Shrimp fishing; Spatial dynamics; Strip transect methods.

Ano: 2000

Contribution of Inbreeding to Extinction Risk in Threatened Species

Brook, Barry W; Northern Territory University; barry.brook@ntu.edu.au; Tonkyn, David W; Clemson University; tdavid@clemson.edu; O'Grady, Julian J; Macquarie University; jogrady@rna.bio.mq.edu.au; Frankham, Richard; Macquarie University; rfrankha@rna.bio.mq.edu.au.

Wild populations face threats both from deterministic factors, e.g., habitat loss, overexploitation, pollution, and introduced species, and from stochastic events of a demographic, genetic, and environmental nature, including catastrophes. Inbreeding reduces reproductive fitness in naturally outbreeding species, but its role in extinctions of wild populations is controversial. To evaluate critically the role of inbreeding in extinction, we conducted realistic population viability analyses of 20 threatened species, with and without inbreeding depression, using initial population sizes of 50, 250, and 1000. Inbreeding markedly decreased median times to extinction by 28.5, 30.5, and 25% for initial populations of 50, 250, and 1000, respectively, and the...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Inbreeding depression; Life histories; Median time to extinction; Population viability analysis; Purging.

Ano: 2002

A Spatially Explicit Decision Support System for Watershed-Scale Management of Salmon

Noninvasive genetic sampling of endangered muriqui (Primates, Atelidae): efficiency of fecal DNA extraction

Effective management for wide-ranging species must be conducted over vast spatial extents, such as whole watersheds and regions. Managers and decision makers must often consider results of multiple quantitative and qualitative models in developing these large-scale multispecies management strategies. We present a scenario-based decision support system to evaluate watershed-scale management plans for multiple species of Pacific salmon in the Lewis River watershed in southwestern Washington, USA. We identified six aquatic restoration management strategies either described in the literature or in common use for watershed recovery planning. For each of the six strategies, actions were identified and their effect on the landscape was estimated. In this way, we...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Chinook salmon; Endangered species; Habitat suitability; Recovery planning; Riparian; Sediment routing..

Ano: 2008

Chaves,Paulo B.; Paes,Marcela F.; Mendes,Sérgio L.; Strier,Karen B.; Louro,Iúri D.; Fagundes,Valéria.

The muriqui (Brachyteles) is one of the most endangered primates in the world, however little is known about the viability of the remaining populations. We evaluated the technique of extracting DNA from wild muriqui feces for PCR applications. In order to determine the effect of the DNA in subsequent amplifications, we analyzed five different extracts. The importance of the recommended BSA and the HotStarTaq DNA polymerase was tested. The minimal conditions to successfully amplify highly degraded fecal DNA were determined, showing that the recommended reagents are not required. We envision that this method may be useful in further conservation management studies.

Informative microsatellites for genetic population studies of black-faced lion tamarins (Leontopithecus caissara)

Palavras-chave: Brachyteles; Conservation genetics; Endangered species; Fecal DNA; Noninvasive sampling.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572006000400028

Martins,Milene Moura; Galetti Junior,Pedro Manoel.

Leontopithecus caissara is a critically endangered primate species from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Nineteen microsatellite loci, previously developed for congeneric species, were tested with 34 L. caissara individuals from Superagüi Island. Of the 19 loci, 17 (89.4%) produced robust alleles, nine (47.4%) of these proved to be polymorphic, with a total of 23 alleles and an average of 2.56 alleles per locus. Expected and observed heterozygosity averaged 0.483 and 0.561, respectively. The exclusion power for identifying the first parent of an arbitrary offspring was 0.315 over all loci. The results thus indicate both the usefulness and limitations of these nine microsatellite loci in the genetic analysis of L. caissara, as well as their potentiality for...

Genetic divergence between populations of the stingless bee uruçu amarela (Melipona rufiventris group, Hymenoptera, Meliponini): is there a new Melipona species in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais?

Palavras-chave: Lion tamarins; Endangered species; Genetic diversity; New World primate; SSR transferability.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572011000100030

Tavares,Mara Garcia; Dias,Luiz Antonio dos Santos; Borges,Andréia Arantes; Lopes,Denilce Meneses; Busse,Angélica Helene Pereira; Costa,Ronaldo Guimarães; Salomão,Tânia Maria Fernandes; Campos,Lucio Antonio de Oliveira.

Allozyme, microsatellite and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) molecular markers were used to investigate the within and between population genetic variability and between population genetic differentiation of the Brazilian stingless bee uruçu amarela (nominally Melipona rufiventris Lepeletier, 1836) present in savanna and Atlantic forest habitats of the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais (MG). We found low levels of within population variability, although there were a large number of private alleles that specifically characterized these populations. The F ST values indicated a high level of genetic diversity between populations. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed a high degree of population differentiation between the savanna and Atlantic...

The karyotype of the critically endangered Lear's macaw, Anodorhynchus leari Bonaparte 1856 (Aves, Psittaciformes)

Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Genetic divergence; Molecular markers; Stingless bees; Uruçu amarela.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572007000400027

Nogueira,Denise Monnerat; Souza,Lucia Moreno de; Goldschmidt,Beatriz; Silva,Christiano Pinheiro da; Monsores,Denise Wilches.

We used conventional chromosomal staining to describe the karyotype of the critically endangered Lear's macaw, Anodorhynchus leari Bonaparte 1856. A diploid number of 2n = 70 and a karyotype similar to that of its congener Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus suggests that chromosomal rearrangements were not the main evolutionary mechanism in the genus.