SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Rifin, Amzul.

Cooking oil in Indonesia is considered to be one of the staple food of Indonesian people. In the beginning of 2008, the price of cooking oil in Indonesia has increased significantly. One of the reasons is the increase of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) price in the international market. The objective of this research is to investigate the impacts of international price of CPO on the domestic price of CPO and cooking oil. Three specific objectives are included (1) To test whether international price of CPO and domestic price of CPO and cooking oil are related through cointegration tests, (2) To test the causal relationships between international price of CPO and domestic price of CPO and cooking oil and (3) To analyze how domestic price of CPO and cooking oil food...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Ukraine

Palavras-chave: Crude palm oil; Vector autoregression (VAR); Granger response; Impulse response; International Relations/Trade; Q17; F14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50828

von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan; Nivievskyi, Oleg; von der Malsburg, Emanuel Elsner; Movchan, Veronika.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sri Lanka

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48512

Bandara, Jayatilleke S.; Jayasuriya, Sisira.

Determinants of Argentina’s External Trade

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48480

Catao, Luis; Falcetti, Elisabetta.

Following the liberalization reforms of the late 80s and early 90s, several emerging market economies have experienced large and persistent trade deficits. This paper focuses on the Argentine experience, examining the extent to which trade imbalances in the 1990s resulted from income and relative price movements, as well as from shifts in foreign trade elasticities associated with structural changes. New estimates of export and import equations are presented using a broader set of variables than previous studies and distinguishing between intra and extra MERCOSUR trade. We find that considerable export sensitivity to world commodity prices, domestic absorption, and economic activity in Brazil, combined with a high income elasticity of imports, are key...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Argentina; Foreign trade elasticities; International competitiveness; MERCOSUR; International Relations/Trade; F11; F14; F31.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44427

Relationship between Trade Liberalisation, Growth and Balance of Payments in Developing Countries: An Econometric Study

Parikh, Ashok.

The objectives of this paper are to study the impact of liberalisation on trade deficits and current accounts of developing countries. It is expected that trade liberalisation would promote economic growth from the supply side by leading to a more efficient use of resources, by encouraging competition, and by increasing the flow of ideas and knowledge across national boundaries. Trade liberalisation could lead to faster import growth than export growth and hence the supply side benefits may be offset by the unsustainable balance of payments position. This study uses panel data of 42 countries (both time-series and cross-section dimension) to estimate the effect of trade liberalisation and growth on trade balance while controlling for other factors such as...

Exchange Rates, Foreign Income, and U.S. Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Panel data; Income Terms of Trade; Dynamic Optimisation; Dynamic panel model; International Relations/Trade; C21; C22; C23; F13; F14; F32.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26212

Shane, Mathew; Roe, Terry L.; Somwaru, Agapi.

This paper focuses on estimating the effects of trade partner income and real trade-weighted exchange rates on US agricultural exports. For the period 1970-2003, a one percent annual increase in trade partners’ income is found to increase total agricultural exports by about 1.6 percent while a one percent appreciation of the dollar relative to trade partner trade-weighted currencies decreases total agricultural exports by about 0.8 percent. We find these effects also carry over to 12 commodity subcategories, although the effects are conditioned by differences between bulk and high value commodities, and differences in the export demand from high compared to low income countries. We also find that the negative effect of exchange rate appreciation on exports...

Market Access Asymmetry in Food Trade among Quad Countries

Palavras-chave: Exchange rates; U.S. agricultural trade; U.S. agricultural commodity exports; U.S. agricultural export prices; Foreign income; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; Q17.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6686

Olper, Alessandro; Raimondi, Valentina.

This paper uses a gravity-like structure derived from a monopolistic competition model to measure market access among Canada, USA, Japan and EU Quad countries over the 1996-2001 period. We explore the overall asymmetry and 18 food industrial-level asymmetries of bilateral trade openness. Using actual bilateral estimates of tariffs and nontariff barriers, we investigate their role in explaining the trade reduction effect of national borders. A representative estimate of market access shows that higher asymmetries exist in USA, Canada and EU trade with Japan. Quite surprisingly, the last country is always more open than the reverse. Finally, we found that tariffs and NTBs explain a significant part of the border effects and that the NTB role is often...

Trade Types in Slovenian Primary and Processed Agricultural Trade

Palavras-chave: Market access; Food trade; Asymmetry; Gravity; QUAD countries; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24596

Bojnec, Stefan; Majkovic, Darja; Turk, Jernej.

The significance of the processed food products in agricultural and food trade is increasing in Slovenia as well as in the other developed countries. The large share of agricultural and food trade is inter-industry trade. The significance of intra-industry trade (IIT) is increasing with the degree of processing. In particular, IIT is based on products differentiated in quality where low quality vertical IIT prevails. This kind of trade specialization and trade patterns, together with trade geography, imply some similarities in these trade developments with developing countries and countries with less competitive food processing rather than with more advanced European Union countries with the competitive food processing sector.

Trade and Investment Effects of Forced Labour: An Empirical Assessment

Palavras-chave: Trade types; Trade quality; Intra-industry trade; International Relations/Trade; F10; F14; F15.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24477

Busse, Matthias; Braun, Sebastian.

This paper explores the international economic effects of forced labour, namely the linkages of forced labour with comparative advantage (trade) and foreign direct investment flows. It discusses several forms and the prevalence of forced labour and presents the results of empirical tests of those linkages. The results show that forced labour may enhance the endowment of unskilled labour. It can thus be expected to improve comparative advantage in unskilled-labour-intensive goods, that is, commodities where the impact of forced labour is likely to be felt most strongly. In contrast, foreign direct investment is negatively linked with forced labour. This result even holds for relatively poor developing countries. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In dem vorliegenden Beitrag...

Exports and Productivity: A Survey of the Evidence from Firm Level Data

Palavras-chave: Forced Labour; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Cross-Country Regression Framework; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F14; F23; O19.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26231

Wagner, Joachim.

While the role of exports in promoting growth in general, and productivity in particular, has been investigated empirically using aggregate data for countries and industries for a long time, only recently have comprehensive longitudinal data at the firm level been used to look at the extent and causes of productivity differentials between exporters and their counterparts which sell on the domestic market only. This paper surveys the empirical strategies applied, and the results produced, in 45 microeconometric studies with data from 33 countries that were published between 1995 and 2004. Details aside, exporters are found to be more productive than non-exporters, and the more productive firms self select into export markets, while exporting does not...

Welfare and Poverty Effects of Global Agricultural and Trade Policies Using the Linkage Model

Palavras-chave: Exports; Productivity; Literature survey; Micro data; International Relations/Trade; Productivity Analysis; F14; D21.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26308

Anderson, Kym; Valenzuela, Ernesto; van der Mensbrugghe, Dominique.

This paper analyzes the economic effects of agricultural price and merchandise trade policies around the world as of 2004 on global markets, net farm incomes, and national and regional economic welfare and poverty, using the global economy wide Linkage Model, new estimates of agricultural price distortions for developing countries, and a poverty elasticities approach. It addresses two questions: To what extent are policies as of 2004 still reducing rewards from farming in developing countries and thereby adding to inequality across countries in farm household incomes? Are they depressing value added more in primary agriculture than in the rest of the economy of developing countries, and earnings of unskilled workers more than of owners of other factors of...

Agricultural Protection and Poverty in Indonesia: A General Equilibrium Analysis

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52785

Warr, Peter G..

A general equilibrium modeling approach is used to estimate the effects within Indonesia of unilateral and global trade liberalization, including effects on poverty incidence. It is concluded that global reform of trade policy in all commodities is a significant potential source of poverty reduction for Indonesia. The poor – rural and urban – have a strong interest in global trade policy reform. If Indonesia were to liberalize unilaterally, poverty incidence also would decline but the effect is small. If liberalization is confined to agricultural products, the effects are similar but the declines in poverty incidence within Indonesia are much smaller.

Global Demand for U.S. Environmental Goods and Services

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52788

Avery, Brock; Boadu, Frederick O..

This paper reports import demand elasticities for environmental goods and services (EGS) for the world in aggregate and for six world regions. The paper involves a pooled cross-section and time-series estimation procedure and makes per capita demand for EGS a function of economic, political, and structural factors. The results show that per capita incomes, exchange rates, political and economic freedoms, and debt affect the demand for EGS. The results also show that demand for EGS is tied to the particular environmental problem facing a particular region. Exporters of EGS need to disaggregate world markets to better target products.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Demand elasticities; Environmental goods; International trade; F18; F14.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42895

Imposing WTO disciplines on domestic support: an assessment of the Doha Round Approach

Factor Content of Agricultural Trade

Blandford, David.

The elements of the approach to disciplining domestic support for agriculture in the Doha round of WTO negotiations are evaluated using data for a selection of OECD countries. Despite a substantial increase in complexity in comparison to the Uruguay Round Agreement, the new approach is unlikely to require real reductions in trade-distorting support. As a result it is unlikely to stimulate further reforms in domestic agricultural policies in OECD countries. RESUMEN: En este artículo se evalúan los instrumentos del enfoque utilizado en la Ronda de Doha de la Organización Mundial de Comercio para establecer disciplinas en relación con la ayuda interna a la agricultura. El análisis se lleva a cabo para un conjunto de países de la OCDE. A pesar de la mayor...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: International trade; Agriculture; Domestic support; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; F14.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28766

Kancs, d'Artis; Ciaian, Pavel.

Replaced with revised version of paper 08/25/09.

Distortions to Global Agricultural Markets: What Next?

Palavras-chave: Factor content; Heckscher-Ohlin; Factor abundance; Agricultural trade; International Relations/Trade; F12; F14; D23; Q12; Q17.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44458

Anderson, Kym.

A decline in governmental distortions to agricultural and other trade since the 1980s has contributed to economic growth and poverty alleviation globally. But new modeling results suggest that has taken the world only three-fifths of the way towards freeing merchandise trade, and that farm policies are responsible for 70 percent of the global welfare cost of remaining distortions to goods markets as of 2004. Meanwhile, new drivers are affecting the mean and variance of world prices of farm products, including biofuel mandates and subsidies, climate change mitigation policies and adaptation, water institution and policy developments, difficulties in concluding a multilateral Doha Round agricultural agreement at the WTO, and policies relating to transgenic...

Is There a Link between the Changing Skills of Labor Used in U.S. Processed Food Trade and Rural Employment?

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; Asia-Pacific region; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59849

Schluter, Gerald E.; Lee, Chinkook.

Between the 1970s and the 1990s, processed food exports switched from using more skilled labor per unit of output than imports to the opposite. Processed food trade also expanded during this period. More meat and poultry products in processed food trade could explain this switch in skill intensity. Growing meat trade paralleled an urban-to-rural shift in meat processing. Although this could have been a win-win situation for rural areas, many of the jobs related to expanded meat trade benefited commuter and migrant workers because late-1990s jobs slaughtering livestock and processing meat did not appeal to domestic rural workers.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Consolidation in the meat industry; Factor content of trade; Input-output analysis; International meat trade; Processed food trade; Rural development; Rural labor demand; Skill intensity; C67; D24; F14; F16; J61; L66; O18; Q17; R15.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43465

Political Economy of Distortions to Agricultural Incentives: Introduction and Summary

Anderson, Kym.

During the 1960s and 1970s most developing countries imposed anti-agricultural policies, while many high-income countries restricted agricultural imports and subsidized their farmers. Both sets of policies inhibited economic growth and poverty alleviation in developing countries, while doing little to assist small farmers in high-income countries. Since the 1980s, however, many developing countries began to reduce the anti-agricultural bias of sectoral policies, and from the early 1990s the European Union began to move away from price supports to more-direct forms of farm income payments. This paper summarizes a forthcoming book that seeks to explain this evolving pattern of distortions to incentives conceptually and econometrically by making use of new...

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Australia and New Zealand

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Political economy; Agricultural price and trade policies; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18; F59; H20; N50; O13.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50306

Anderson, Kym; Lattimore, Ralph G.; Lloyd, Peter J.; MacLaren, Donald.

Distortions to Agricultural Incentives in Sudan

Palavras-chave: Distorted incentives; Agricultural and trade policy reforms; National agricultural development; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; F14; Q17; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48387

Faki, Hamid; Taha, Abdelmoneim.