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Registros recuperados: 32 | |
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Adhvaryu, Achyuta; Nyshadham, Anant. |
We estimate the effects of higher quality healthcare usage on health, labor supply and schooling outcomes for sick individuals in Tanzania. Using exogenous variation in the cost of formal sector healthcare to predict treatment choice, we show that using better quality care improves health outcomes and changes the allocation of time amongst productive activities. In particular, sick adults who receive better quality care reallocate time from non-farm to farm labor, leaving total labor hours unchanged. Among sick children, school attendance significantly increases as a result of receiving higher quality healthcare, but labor allocations are unaffected. We interpret these results as evidence that healthcare has heterogeneous effects on marginal productivity... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor supply; Health shocks; Schooling; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; J22; J43; O12. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107260 |
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Laxminarayan, Ramanan. |
In the past, malaria control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have relied on a combination of vector control and effective treatment using chloroquine. With increasing resistance to chloroquine, attention has now turned to alternative treatment strategies to replace this failing drug. Although there are strong theoretical arguments in favor of switching to more expensive artemisinin-based combination treatments (ACTs), the validity of these arguments in the face of financial constraints has not been previously analyzed. In this paper, we use a Bioeconomic model of malaria transmission and evolution of drug resistance to examine questions of optimal treatment strategy and coverage when drug resistance places an additional constraint on choices available to the... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Malaria; Mathematical models; Drug resistance; Bioeconomics; Health Economics and Policy; I10; I19; C61. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10699 |
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Liu, Jing; Waldorf, Brigitte S.. |
The paper focuses on body weight gain among immigrants in the US. The emphasis is on disentangling different time lines that are relevant in the context of immigration and acculturation, namely length of exposure to the high obesity culture, age at immigration, year of immigration and aging. Using data from the National Latino and Asian American Study (NLAAS), we find that (1) acculturation is associated with higher BMIs for the 1st generation, but not the 1.5 generation; (2) immigration at an early age (before 12) facilitates acculturation progress and drives BMI convergence to natives; (3) the effect of sojourn length in the host country is unstable across model specifications; (4) BMI differences between Asian and Latino immigrants are partly due to... |
Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Immigration; Obesity; Acculturation; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J15. |
Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120896 |
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Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard. |
The extant literature on fat taxes and thin subsidies tends to focus on the overall effectiveness of such fiscal instruments in altering diets and improving health. However, little is known about the welfare impacts of fiscal food policies on society. This paper fills a gap in the literature by assessing the distributional impacts and welfare effects resulting from a tax-subsidy combination on different food groups. Using the methods derived from marginal tax reform theory, a formal welfare economics framework is developed allowing the calculation of the distributional characteristics of various food groups and approximate welfare measures of prices changes caused by a tax-subsidy combination. The distributional characteristics reveal that many of the food... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Distributional characteristic; Fat tax; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Welfare.; Health Economics and Policy; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30.. |
Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91754 |
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Dharmasena, Senarath; Capps, Oral, Jr.; Clauson, Annette L.. |
Obesity is one of the most pressing and widely emphasized health problems in America today. Beverage choices made by households have impacts on determining the intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C. Using data from the Nielsen Homescan Panel over the period 1998–2003, and a two-way random-effects Fuller-Battese error components procedure, we estimate econometric models to examine economic and demographic factors affecting per-capita daily intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C derived from the consumption of nonalcoholic beverages. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the USDA 2000 Dietary Guidelines in reducing caloric and nutrient intake associated with nonalcoholic beverages. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Nielsen Homescan Panel; Nonalcoholic beverages; Nutrient and caloric intake; USDA Dietary Guidelines; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D12; I10; I18. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100632 |
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Chen, Yanni; Huffman, Wallace E.. |
This paper examines women’s and men’s decisions to participate in physical activity and to attain a healthy weight. These outcomes are hypothesized to be related to prices of food, drink and health care services and products, the respondent’s personal characteristics (such as education, reading food labels, adjusted family income, opportunity cost of time, occupation, marital status, race and ethnicity) and his or her BMI at age 25. These decisions are represented by a trivariate probit model that is fitted to data for adults in the NLSY79 panel with geocodes that have been augmented with local area food, drink and health care prices. Separate analyses are undertaken for men and women due to basic physiological differences. Results include: Women and men... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Physical Activity; Obesity; Food Prices; Adult; United States; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; I10; D10; J24. |
Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49291 |
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Cranfield, John A.L.. |
This paper explores socio-demographic, economic and behaviour factors influencing body mass index (BMI) amongst 20 to 64 year old adults in Canada. BMI scores in Canada have increased, with gains stemming from disproportionate increases in female BMI. Econometric results indicate higher BMI scores for males, those born in Canada, those in food insecure homes and whites. Age-gender interactions suggest different patterns of BMI adjustment over the life of males and females; a pronounced inverse quadratic relationship between with age and male BMI is noted, while female BMI increases with age. Education, used as a gauge of inequality, is inversely related to BMI, while income has a muted effect. BMI is inversely related to level of physical activity, an... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Obesity; BMI; Canada; Socio-demographic; Economic; Adults; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J1. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6837 |
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Mete, Cem; Schultz, T. Paul. |
Estimates are reported of the consequences of health on participation in the labor force of elderly men and women in Taiwan from 1989 to 1996. Three survey indicators of individual health are examined, and two are estimated by instrumental variables (IV), using as instruments parent longevity, birthplace, and childhood conditions. IV estimates of healths effect on participation are in most cases significant and always positive, and about twice the magnitude of the ordinary least squares estimates, and the hypothesis that health is exogenous and measured without error is rejected. Implementation in 1995 of a National Health Insurance (NHI) shifted to the state the growing cost of elderly health care, and reduced the incentive for elderly to work to receive... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor force participation; Elderly; Health status; National Health Insurance; Taiwan; Labor and Human Capital; J22; J26; I10; I18. |
Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28470 |
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Fraser, Iain; Bitzios, Michael; Haddock-Fraser, Janet. |
In this paper we present the results of a Choice Experiment (CE) conducted to examine how the inclusion of an attribute for a functional ingredient affects consumer food choice. Specifically, we examine consumer attitudes towards bread and the inclusion of a functional ingredient (eg, inulin), which can be added to bread to increase the quantity and the effectiveness of fibre in the final product A novel feature of the design of this CE was the use of Means-End-Chain analysis via semi-structured interviews to reveal key attributes to be included in the CE. In addition, the CE included the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ) so as to collect information on all participants underlying eating behaviours. Preliminary analysis of the data reveals that... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Functional Food; Bread; Choice Experiment; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I10; Q10; R22. |
Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91755 |
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Gallipoli, Giovanni; Turner, Laura. |
What are idiosyncratic shocks and how do people respond to them? This paper starts from the observation that idiosyncratic shocks are experienced at the individual level, but responses to shocks can encompass the whole household. Understanding and accurately modeling these responses is essential to the analysis of intra-household allocations, especially labor supply. Using longitudinal data from the Canadian Survey of Labour and Income Dynamics (SLID) we exploit information about disability and health status to develop a life-cycle framework which rationalizes observed responses of household members to idiosyncratic shocks. Two puzzling findings associated to disability onset motivate our work: (1) the almost complete absence of `added worker' effects... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Idiosyncratic Risk; Disability; Life Cycle Labor Supply; Intrahousehold Insurance; Labor and Human Capital; D13; I10; J12; J22. |
Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55323 |
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Salois, Matthew J.; Tiffin, J. Richard. |
This paper examines the health effects of a fiscal food policy based on a combination of fat taxes and thin subsidies. The fat tax is based on the saturated fat content of food items while the thin subsidy is applied to select fruit and vegetable items. The policy is designed to be revenue neutral so the subsidy exactly offsets the revenue from the fat tax. A model of food demand is estimated using Bayesian methods that accounts for censoring and infrequency of purchase (the problem of unit values is also discussed). The estimated demand elasticities are used to compute nutrient elasticities which demonstrate how consumption of specific nutrients changes based on price changes in particular foods from the fiscal policy. Results show that although the fat... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Fat tax; Nutrient elasticities; Obesity; Thin subsidy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D30; D60; H20; I10; I30. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108789 |
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Registros recuperados: 32 | |
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