SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Kanbur, Ravi.

This paper adopts the “Rip Van Winkle” stratagem, of asking what differences would be noticed, in the domain of poverty and distribution, by someone who fell asleep in 1987 (the year I published my paper on poverty in the IMF Staff Papers, and woke up only in 2007 (the year I visited the IMF to work on the present paper). I highlight, somewhat idiosyncratically, ten such differences under three broad headings: Facts and Empirics, Concepts and Theory, and Policies and Interventions.

The Efficiency-Equity Tradeoffs in Agricultural Research Priority Setting: The Potential Impacts of Agricultural Research on Economic Surplus and Poverty Reduction in Nigeria

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Income Distribution; Development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; D31; D63; I32; I38; O15.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48918

Alene, Arega D.; Manyong, Victor M.; Tollens, Eric; Abele, Steffen.

Public agricultural research has come under increasing pressure to redefine its strategic priorities to contribute to poverty alleviation goals. However, the issue of whether the poor benefit more from agricultural research that pursues efficiency or equity objectives remains unresolved, largely due to lack of empirical evidence on the nature and magnitude of the efficiencyequity tradeoffs. This paper estimates the potential impacts of agricultural research on economic surplus and poverty reduction in Nigeria, identifies strategic priorities according to both efficiency and equity criteria, and examines the nature and magnitude of the efficiencyequity tradeoffs. The results show that there are no significant efficiencyequity tradeoffs because the rural...

Global Food Price Volatility and Spikes: An Overview of Costs, Causes, and Solutions

Palavras-chave: Poverty reduction; Economic surplus; Research priority setting; Nigeria; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; I32; I38; O13; O32; Q16.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25260

von Braun, Joachim; Tadesse, Getaw.

Since the 2007–08 food crisis, many thoughtful analyses have addressed the causes and impacts of high and volatile international food prices and proposed solutions to the crisis. These studies have covered global as well as local food price dynamics and policy reactions. The food price problem is, however, far-reaching, and its impacts are wide and interrelated. The price formation mechanism has become highly complex and dynamic. Policy actions are politically and economically sensitive. This situation calls for continuous and comprehensive assessments of the problem to provide timely and evidence-based knowledge for policy makers. This paper reviews existing evidence and theories and presents new thoughts and insights from analyses to enlighten the course...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Food security; Prices; Volatility; Poverty; Food policy; Speculation; Economic crises; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; I38; O13; O16; Q11; Q18.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120021

The Determination of National Retail and Wholesale Prices of Infant Formula

Levedahl, J. William; Reed, Albert J..

Changes in both retail and wholesale infant formula prices can affect the ability of WIC to supply infant formula to participants. This paper constructs a joint relationship that links national wholesale and retail infant formula prices to economic and policy variables. This joint framework provides a richer interpretation of current issues and questions associated with these markets than frameworks intent on explaining either retail or wholesale prices alone. We show how this framework can be implemented empirically, and demonstrate how it can be used to obtain empirical estimates of retail and wholesale price flexibilities with respect to rebates, and with respect to changes in WIC participation. Both have implications for cost containment.

Designing REDD+ Schemes to Address Permanence Concerns: Empirical Evidence from Kenya

Palavras-chave: Women; Infant and Children Program; Infant formula rebates; Price analysis; Food Security and Poverty; I38; D40.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19274

Veronesi, Marcella; Schlondorn, Tim; Zabel, Astrid; Engel, Stefanie.

Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is an important topic in the debate on policies to mitigate climate change. This is the first study to test and compare the environmental impact of different REDD+ payment schemes in the field, and provide some insights on the effectiveness of different policies with respect to the permanence of forest-based emission reductions. This study implements a stated preference experiment of time allocation in the unique setting of the Kasigau Corridor REDD+ Project in Kenya, where charcoaling is a major source of forest degradation. The impact on time allocation is analyzed under the presumption that a hypothetical agricultural policy or an eco-charcoaling policy was introduced. We find that a...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: REDD; Permanence; Deforestation; Labor; Kenya; International Development; I38; J22; O13; Q18; Q23; Q28; Q56.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124131

Labor Supply Decisions of Rural Low-Income Mothers

Mammen, Sheila; Lass, Daniel A.; Seiling, Sharon B..

Labor force participation is crucial to the economic well-being of low-income rural families. This study identified the factors that influence two decisions that low-income rural mothers make regarding their employment: labor force entry and number of hours supplied to employment. The sample consisted of 412 rural low-income mothers who participated in a multi-state study. The logistic regression model correctly predicted 80 percent of their work participation decisions. Employed rural mothers appeared to be older, better educated, and less likely to suffer from depression compared to those not working. Additionally, they were more likely to have an employed partner, a driver's license, child care assistance, and Earned Income Tax Credit from the previous...

What Is the Impact of Non-Contributory Pensions on Poverty? Estimates from Brazil and South Africa

Palavras-chave: Rural Low-income Mothers; Labor Force Participation; Women's Labor Supply; Welfare Reform; Labor and Human Capital; D13; I38; J24; R29.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7381

Barrientos, Armando.

This paper considers the impact of cash transfer programmes for the old in Brazil and South Africa on poverty among households with older people. Using datasets collected specifically for the purpose, the paper constructs conditional and unconditional estimates of the poverty reduction capacity of these programmes. The paper finds that non-contributory pensions have a measurable and significant impact upon poverty reduction and poverty prevention in the two countries studied.

Do Food Prices Affect Food Security? Evidence from the CPS 2002-2006

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Pensions; South Africa; Brazil; Food Security and Poverty; H55; I32; I38; J14.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30556

Gregory, Christian A.; Coleman-Jensen, Alisha.

In this paper, we estimate the effect of food prices on food insecurity for SNAP recipients using data from the Current Population Survey and the recently published Quarterly Food At Home Price Database. We form a local food price index based on amounts of food for a household of four as established by the Thrifty Food Plan. We use an econometric model that accounts for the endogeneity of SNAP receipt to food insecurity and for household-level unobservables. We find that the average effect of food prices on the probability of food insecurity is positive and significant: an increase of one standard deviation in the price of our food basket is associated with an increase in food insecurity of between 1.3 and 2 percentage points for SNAP households. These...

Populism and Neopopulism in Latin America: Clientelism, Trade Union Organisation and Electoral Support in Mexico and Argentina in the '90s

Palavras-chave: Food price; Food insecurity; SNAP; Discrete factor model; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; I38.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103265

Ronchi, Veronica.

The state of anomie that has characterised and still characterises most Latin American countries, resulting from the fragmentation of the social fabric, has encouraged the rise of successful personalist leaderships in the 90s. This paper aims at investigating how neopopulism developed in Latin America, considering as main actors the two Presidents who have best embodied this ideal: Carlos Salinas de Gortari, (Mexico 1988-1994) and Carlos Menem (Argentina 1989-1999). Neopopulism is based on an economic project, the neoliberal policy based on cuts in the welfare, which seems very far from the populist positions of the past. Populism revives through the charisma of these Presidents, bypassing institutional or organisational forms of mediation between the...

Impacto del programa Juntos sobre nutrición temprana

Palavras-chave: Latin America; Mexico; Argentina; 90s; Populism; Neopopulism; Political Economy; I38; J88; N16; N26; N36; N46.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9336

Jaramillo, Miguel; Sánchez, Alan.

Desde fines del 2005, el programa Juntos brinda transferencias monetarias condicionadas a los hogares ubicados en los distritos pobres del Perú. En el año 2010, había alrededor de 420 mil hogares beneficiados. Si bien se evidencian mejoras en los indicadores nutricionales de los niños afiliados al programa, la pregunta de la investigación es: ¿hasta qué punto estas mejoras serían consecuencia de Juntos? Esta pregunta es válida dado que durante el periodo de estudio existe una tendencia clara hacia la reducción en los niveles de desnutrición crónica a nivel nacional. Según cifras oficiales, la desnutrición crónica disminuyó de 28.5% en 2007 a 23.2% en 2010. Los resultados evidencian que Juntos habría favorecido a aquellos niños ubicados en los percentiles...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Evaluación de programas; Programas sociales; Nutrición; Salud infantil; Perú; Programme evaluation; Social programmes; Nutrition; Child health; Peru; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; H43; I12; I38; O15.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120319

Pobreza e impactos heterogeneos de las politicas activas del empleo juvenil: el caso de PROJOVEN en el Peru

Galdo, Jose; Jaramillo, Miguel; Montalva, Veronica.

El presente estudio analiza la relación entre la pobreza de los hogares y los impactos de políticas activas de promoción del empleo en el Perú. En particular, analizamos el Programa de Capacitación Laboral Juvenil PROJOVEN, que, desde 1996, ha beneficiado directamente a cerca de 50.000 jóvenes pobres. La situación de pobreza de los beneficiarios de PROJOVEN es aproximada con un índice basado en 21 activos de los hogares. Tres resultados principales emergen. Primero, las desigualdades demográficas y socioeconómicas encontradas entre los beneficiarios y la población elegible se deben principalmente a decisiones individuales de los jóvenes antes que a decisiones administrativas del operador del programa. Segundo, se observa alta heterogeneidad en la...

Bringing "Honest Capital" to Poor Borrowers: The Passage of the Uniform Small Loan Law, 1907-1930

Palavras-chave: Pobreza; Programas de capacitacion; Jovenes; Empleo juvenil; Evaluacion de proyectos; Poverty; Training programmes; Young; Youth employment; Project evaluation; Labor and Human Capital; I38; H43; C13; C14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55934

Carruthers, Bruce G.; Guinnane, Timothy W.; Lee, Yoonseok.

The Uniform Small Loan Law (USLL) was the Russell Sage Foundation’s primary device for fighting what it viewed as the scourge of high-rate lending to poor people in the first half of the twentieth century. The USLL created a new class of lenders who could make small loans at interest rates exceeding those allowed for banks under the normal usury laws. About two-thirds of the states had passed the USLL by the 1930. This paper describes the USLL and then uses econometric models to investigate the state characteristics that influenced the law’s passage. We find that urbanization and state-level economic characteristics played significant roles. So did measures of the state’s banking system. We find no evidence that party-political affiliations had any effect,...

The Earned Income Tax Credit and Rural Families: Differences between Participants and Non-participants

Palavras-chave: Uniform law; Small loans; Consumer credit; Usury laws; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Political Economy; N21; N22; I38; G21; G28; K23.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50949

Mammen, Sheila; Lawrence, Frances C.; St. Marie, Peter; Berry, Ann A.; Knight, Suzanne Enzian.

The differences between rural low-income mothers who were participants and non-participants in the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) were examined. One-third of the 224 eligible mothers in a multi-state study did not claim the tax credit. Non-participants were more likely to be Hispanic, less educated, with larger families, borrowing money from family, and living in more rural counties. Participating mothers, on the other hand, were more food secure, perceived their household income as being adequate, reported recent improvements in their economic situation, were satisfied with life, and lived in states with a state EITC. Analysis of qualitative data revealed that rural mothers had many misconceptions about the EITC. These findings contribute to family and...

An Evaluation of the Macarena Integral Consolidation Plan (PCIM)

Palavras-chave: EITC non-participants; EITC participants; Rural low-income mothers; State EITC; Rural low-income families; Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; I38; J16; J18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47510

Mejia, Daniel; Uribe, Maria Jose; Ibanez, Ana Maria.

This paper presents a description of the new strategy for the fight against drugs implemented in Colombia since the year 2007. The Strategic Leap Forward, as the Colombian government has called the program, or the Strategic Development Initiative, as the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) calls it, is a step forward in the design of anti-drug policies that are more sustainable and effective in the mid-term. Currently, a pilot project is being implemented in the Macarena region, in the department of Meta (southeast of Bogotá), where coca crops and illicit activities were the norm just a few years ago. The Colombian State, partially financed by the United States governments and European countries, consolidates its presence in this...

Are the Poor Protected from Budget Cuts? Evidence for Argentina

Palavras-chave: Macarena; Consolidation Plan; Colombia; Anti-drug policies; Land Economics/Use; H44; H56; I38; O18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107426

Classical Horizontal Inequities in the Provision of Agricultural Income Support

Ravallion, Martin.

Macroeconomic adjustment programs often emphasize the need to protect social spending from cuts, and to protect pro-poor spending in particular. But does this happen in practice during fiscal contractions? The paper presents evidence for Argentina. Using aggregate time series data the paper first finds that social spending was not protected historically, although more "pro-poor" social spending was no more vulnerable. Turning next to new data for an externally-financed workfare scheme introduced in response to a macro crisis, the paper finds that this program was far better targeted than other social spending. However, it appears that the program still had to assure that a small but relatively well-protected share of its benefits went to the non-poor. This...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Fiscal incidence; Social spending; Budget cuts; Argentina; Food Security and Poverty; Public Economics; E62; H22; I38.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44429

Allanson, Paul.

This paper explores the redistributive effect of classical horizontal inequities induced by agricultural support policy. Within farm type horizontal inequity (HI) is associated with differences in the level of support received by farms of a given type and level of pre-support income, whereas between farm type HI arises from systematic differences in support levels between commodity regimes. The overall redistributive effect of HI in Scottish agriculture is shown to be substantial, though systematic discrimination between farm types proves not to be the major cause. The imperfect targeting of support revealed by the empirical findings has implications for the design of policy.

More Than Just Food: The Diverse Effects of Food Assistance Programs

Palavras-chave: Farm income support; Horizontal inequity; Agricultural and Food Policy; D63; I38; Q18.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24769

Jensen, Helen H.; Wilde, Parke E..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; I18; I38; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95752

AGE DIFFERENCES AND MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPATION

Lim, So Yeong; Chen, Susan E.; Waldorf, Brigitte S..

Low income populations are more severely affected by economic downturns than their high income counterparts because they are at high risk of unemployment and face reduced earnings in recessions. The use of food stamp benefits and other types of welfare are one mechanism that families can use to buffer the economic shock brought about by income losses due to unemployment during a recession. As a result, during unfavorable economic conditions, low income households disproportionately rely on public assistance including food stamps. What is less understood are the differential effects of macroeconomic conditions on the participation propensities of different population subgroups. Of particular importance are differential effects by age. Depending on their...

The Effects of the Food Stamp Program on Energy Balance and Obesity

Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Age; Macroeconomy; Transition; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I38; J64.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103783

Parks, Joanna C.; Smith, Aaron D.; Alston, Julian M..

The Effects of the Food Stamp Program on Energy Balance and Obesity

AGE DIFFERENCES AND MACROECONOMIC EFFECTS ON FOOD STAMP PROGRAM PARTICIPATION

Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program (FSP); Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); Obesity; Body mass index (BMI); Nutrition assistance; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q18; H53; I12; I18; I38.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100692

Lim, So Yeong; Chen, Susan E.; Waldorf, Brigitte S..

This study examines Food Stamp Program (FSP) participation patterns with an emphasis on macroeconomic effects and age differences. Entry into and exit out of the program are examined with data from the Survey of Income and Program Participation 2004 panel using probit techniques. The results indicate that young adults easily enter the FSP but quickly move out. Older people are hesitant to enter the FSP but they stay on longer compared to their younger counterparts. The estimation results confirm the common belief that economic dynamics and FSP participation are negatively related. When the unemployment rates rise, the likelihood of entry and continuation on food stamps increases. This study also documents that the macroeconomic effects on FSP transitions...