|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
|
|
| Blackman, Allen; Bannister, Geoffrey J.. |
| The considerable difficulties associated with cross-border environmental management are compounded when polluters are unlicensed micro-enterprises such as auto repair shops and traditional brick kilns; such "informal sector" firms are virtually impossible to regulate in the conventional manner. This paper describes an example of an innovative and promising approach to the problem: the Cd. Juarez Brickmakers' Project, a private-sector-led, binational initiative aimed at abating highly polluting emissions from Cd. Juarez's approximately 350 informal brick kilns. We draw three lessons from the Project's history. First, private-sector-led cross-border initiatives can work -- indeed they may be more effective than public sector initiatives -- but they require... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: US-Mexican border; Informal sector; Environment; Brickmaking; Environmental Economics and Policy; O17; O54; L61; Q25; Q28. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10600 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Muwonge, Abdu; Obwona, Marios; Nambwaayo, Victoria. |
| Regardless of the definition of the informal sector, there is wide spread consensus that the sector is important to the developing world. The International Lab-our Organization estimated that in 1990, 21 percent of the Sub-Saharan Africa's 227 million labour force was working in the informal economy. As the informal sector continued to grow both in urban and rural areas, there was a decline or stagnation in the growth of formal employment. The informal sector's contribution to gross domestic product (GDP) is increasing, although not much is known in most countries because the sector hardly enters the official statistical records. This study analyzes Uganda's informal sector size, contribution, formal-informal sector linkages, causes, constraints and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Employment; Informal markets; EPRC; Muwonge; Nambwaayo; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93813 |
| |
|
|
| Blackman, Allen. |
| In developing countries, urban clusters of informal firms such as brick kilns and leather tanneries can create severe pollution problems. However, these firms are quite difficult to regulate for a variety of technical and political reasons. Drawing on the literature, this paper first develops a list of feasible environmental management policies. It then examines how these policies have fared in four independent efforts to control emissions from informal brick kilns in northern Mexico. The case studies suggest that: (i) conventional command and control process standards are generally only enforceable when buttressed by peer monitoring, (ii) surprisingly, clean technologies can be successfully diffused even when they raise variable costs, in part because... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Environmental policy; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10634 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Diakite, Lamissa; Sidibe, Amadou; Smale, Melinda; Grum, Mikkel. |
| This paper reviews the structure and performance of the sorghum and millet seed sector in Mali. The Sahel is the origin of pearl millet and sorghum, seed selection and management of these crops is embedded in local cultures, and most producers of these crops are subsistence oriented. Despite seed sector reform, no certified seed of these crops is sold in local markets and farmers prefer to rely on themselves or each other for seed. The dominant source of certified seed is the national seed service. Certified seed is multiplied by contracted farmers and seed producer groups, and supplied to farmers through farmers’ associations, development organizations, and extension services. The informal sector supplies farmers with non-certified seed directly and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Seed; Formal sector; Informal sector; Millet; Sorghum; Mali; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42348 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Krakowski, Michael. |
| This paper analyses the determinants of the size of the informal economy using cross-country regressions. Two sets of global data using indirect estimation techniques and the perception of business leaders for 109 countries as well as a regional set for Latin America based on direct data are used to estimate the size of the informal economies. Indirect estimation techniques arrive at higher estimates of the size of the informal economy than the perceptions of business leaders because they include not only the (fundamentally legal) activities of the informal sector, but also those activities which are illegal per se. Both kinds of estimate show strong regional differences in the size of the informal economies. Regressions on a set of indicators covering the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Tax evasion; Business regulation; Political Economy; O17; H26. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26313 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Smale, Melinda; Diakite, Lamissa; Dembele, Brahima; Traore, Issa Seni; Guindo, Oumar; Konta, Bourema. |
| In Mali, liberalization of seed markets for sorghum and millet, the staple food crops, has not advanced at the same rate or with the same measurable success as liberalization of grain markets. Most seed of these crops is uncertified and continues to be supplied to farmers by farmers, according to clan and ethno-linguistic group. After poor harvests or when replanting after a dry spell, farmers rely on local markets for grain as sources of seed. This paper summarizes the findings of a vendor survey conducted in two marketsheds during weekly fairs. No certified seed is sold. Almost all vendors are women who are also farmers. Variety integrity is maintained particularly for millet seed in the marketshed of the Sahelian zone, where the range of variety... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Informal sector; Seed markets; Traders; Landraces; Millet; Sorghum; Women; Mali; Crop Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42352 |
| |
|
| |
| Registros recuperados: 13 | |
|
|
|
