SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Simpson, R. David; Toman, Michael; Ayres, Robert U..

In their 1963 classic Scarcity and Growth Howard Barnett and Chandler Morse argued that resource scarcity did not threaten economic growth. A second investigation in the late 1970s, Scarcity and Growth Reconsidered, reached largely the same conclusion. The 25 years since that work was published have witnessed many developments. The message of Scarcity and Growth that depletion of market resources was not a problem has given way to a concern that "new scarcities" of environmental quality, global climate, and biological diversity are emerging. Resources for the Future recently assembled a distinguished group of international scholars to again address scarcity and growth. This paper describes their charge and summarizes their findings. Technological progress...

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases

Palavras-chave: History of economic thought; Technological change; Renewable resources and economy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; B12; B20; N50; O13; O14; O33; O47; Q20; Q32.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10835

Andersen, Matthew A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G..

This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)

Chinese Manufacturing Performance in Comparative Perspective, 1980-2002

Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143

Szirmai, Adam; Ren, Ruoen; Bai, Manyin.

This paper uses the detailed information in the 1995 Census of Industrial Production as a benchmark for analysing the coverage, concepts and consistency of published statistical series. On the basis of the analysis, the paper proposes a series of adjustments which result in more consistent long-run series of labour productivity for 21 manufacturing sectors from 1980-2002. For purposes of international comparisons with the USA, the paper subsequently presents industry of origin unit value ratios for the benchmark year 1995. These are used to convert Chinese value added into US dollars. In 2002, value added for the statistically well-covered sectors of Chinese manufacturing was 43 per cent of US value added, against 12 per cent in 1980. The comparative...

Monitoring Poverty without Consumption Data: an Application Using the Albania Panel Survey

Palavras-chave: China; Manufacturing; Productivity growth; Catch up; Unit value ratios; International comparisons; Industrial Organization; O14; O40; O47.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28525

Azzarri, Carlo; Carletto, Calogero; Davis, Benjamin; Zezza, Alberto.

In developing countries poverty is generally measured with expenditure data. Such data are difficult and costly to obtain and it is generally recommended to collect them every 3-5 years. In between surveys, however, there is a clear need to provide policymakers with information for the monitoring of poverty trends. The paper reviews several such methods and compares the poverty estimates and trends resulting from their application to a panel dataset for Albania. The results are broadly consistent across methods and point to an overall improvement in welfare conditions over time, although the magnitude of the changes differs by locale, with urban areas showing a larger improvement than their rural counterparts. However, given the sensitivity of the...

Productivity Growth and Convergence in Crop, Ruminant and Non-Ruminant Production: Measurement and Forecasts

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Welfare; Asset index; Poverty measurement; Poverty monitoring.; Food Security and Poverty; O12; O18; O47; R11.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23809

Ludena, Carlos E.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Preckel, Paul V.; Foster, Kenneth A.; Nin Pratt, Alejandro.

There is considerable interest in projections of future productivity growth in agriculture. Whether one is interested in the outlook for global commodity markets, future patterns of international trade, or the interactions between land use, deforestation and ecological diversity, the rate of productivity growth in agriculture is an essential input. Yet solid projections for this variable have proven elusive particularly on a global basis. This is due, in no small part, to the difficulty in measuring historical productivity growth. The purpose of this paper is to report the latest time series evidence on total factor productivity growth for crops, ruminants and non-ruminant livestock, on a global basis. We then follow with tests for convergence amongst...

Total Factor Productivity Growth and the Environment: A Case for Green Growth Accounting

Palavras-chave: Malmquist index; Productivity; Convergence; Projections; Crops; Livestock; Productivity Analysis; D24; O13; O47; Q10.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25392

Xepapadeas, Anastasios; Tzouvelekas, Vangelis; Vouvaki, Dimitra.

We examine whether the use of the environment, proxied by CO2 emissions, as a factor of production contributes, in addition to conventional factors of production to output growth, and thus it should be accounted for in total factor productivity growth (TFPG) measurement and deducted from the .residual. A theoretical framework of growth accounting methodology with environment as a factor of production which is unpaid in the absence of environmental policy is developed. Using data from a panel of 23 OECD countries, we show that emissions. growth have a statistically significant contribution to the growth of output, that emission augmenting technical change is present along with labor augmenting technical change, and that part of output growth which is...

The empirics of the Solow Growth Model: Long-term evidence.

Palavras-chave: Solow Residual; Total Factor Productivity Growth; Growth; Environment; Green Growth Accounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; O47; Q2.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9319

Barossi-Filho, Milton; Goncalves Silva, Ricardo; Diniz, Eliezer Martins.

In this paper we reassess the standard Solow growth model, using a dynamic panel data approach. A new methodology is chosen to deal with this problem. First, unit root tests for individual country time series were run. Second, panel data unit root and cointegration tests were performed. Finally, the panel cointegration dynamics is estimated by (DOLS) method. The resulting evidence supports roughly one-third capital share in income, a.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Economic growth; Panel data; Unit root; Cointegration and convergence; O47; O50; O57; C33; And C52.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37227

Russia's Frangible Tendency to Rise: What Can Be Observed at Macro- and Meta-Level?

Voigt, Peter.

This paper is an extraction of some results achieved in a comprehensive study of Russia's transition in its regional as well as sectoral dimension. Thereby, the transition process between 1993 - 2000 has been approximated by aggregated developments of productivity, technical change, and technical efficiency which all have been calculated by a Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA). The obtained results have been analyzed with respect to any institutional circumstances in a second analytical step. Based on that, in a third step, some political call for actions have been specified as well as addressed according to regional/federal responsibility. The study has shown a notable heterogeneity within the considered regional as well as sectoral transition paths....

SOURCES OF GROWTH AND SUPPLY RESPONSE: A CROSS-COMMODITY ANALYSIS OF CHINA'S GRAIN SECTOR

Palavras-chave: Russia; Transition; Productivity; Efficiency; Regional development; Political Economy; O47.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24591

Colby, Hunter; Diao, Xinshen; Somwaru, Agapi.

A growth accounting method is used to analyze the sources of growth in China's rice, wheat, corn and soybeans, the four most important crops in China's grain sector, during 1978-97. A large TFP contribution to growth in grain production is found in the period immediately following China's rural economic reform (1978-85). In recent years the growth rate of TFP falls sharply, contributing less than 20 percent of growth in grain production, as increased use of inputs became the major engine of growth. If the current government policy environment remains unchanged, China's grain production will become increasingly costly and constrain future growth and competitiveness in world grain markets. The supply response of the four grains is estimated using a...

Analisis Malmquist y DEA intertermporal de las agriculturas de la Union Europea

Palavras-chave: Supply response; Economic growth; Productivity; China; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q11; O4; O47.

Ano: 1999

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12985

Aldaz, Natalia; Millan, Joaquin A..

En este trabajo se realiza un análisis comparado de dos métodos no paramétricos de medida de productividad total de los factores con datos de panel basados en programación: índices de Malmquist y un modelo DEA intertemporal que permite acotar las medidas de eficiencia y progreso técnico, suponiendo cambio técnico no regresivo. La aplicación se realiza sobre las agriculturas de los países de la Unión Europea, encontrándose algunas diferencias importantes entre ambos enfoques. Los resultados sugieren menor crecimiento de productividad agraria y, sobre todo, una ordenación distinta de países en relación con dichos crecimientos que los encontrados en otros trabajos. Palabras clave: Productividad, DEA, Agricultura, Europa, Datos de panel. SUMMARY This paper...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Productivity; DEA; Agriculture; Europe; Panel data; Agricultural and Food Policy; D24; O47; Q10.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28796

Tourism and Development: A Recent Phenomenon Built on Old (Institutional) Roots?

Brau, Rinaldo; Di Liberto, Adriana; Pigliaru, Francesco.

Is tourism an opportunity for lagging countries in the elusive quest for growth (Easterly, 2002)? Recent empirical evidence suggests that the answer is a cautious yes. Aggregate cross-country data show that tourism specialization is likely to be associated with higher per capita GDP growth rates than those observed in industrialized countries. However, this evidence ignores the importance of institutional quality and results are likely to be biased by omitted variable problems. In this paper we frame our starting question within the general debate about the importance of good/bad institutions as fundamental determinants of economic growth (Acemoglu et al., 2001) and ask whether previous positive results of tourism on growth are in fact driven by the...

A Bayesian Total Factor Productivity Analysis of Tropical Agricultural Systems in Central-Western Africa And South-East Asia

Palavras-chave: Economic Development; Tourism Specialization; Institutions; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O11; O50; O47; F43; L83.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59425

Tonini, Axel; Matus, Silvia Saravia; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

This paper computes and analyses total factor productivity (TFP) growth rates for tropical agricultural systems in Central-Western Africa and South-East Asia. Two regions that despite sharing common agro-ecological conditions, have pursued different adoption rates of green revolution technology and have reported dissimilar yields per hectare. A panel data set is constructed for the period 1987-2007 from the FAOSTAT database. A Bayesian stochastic frontier model with country specific temporal variation in technical efficiency is estimated. Technical efficiency estimates reveal that there is substantial room for improvement in both continental sub-sets and that TFP estimates show on average larger rates of growth for South-East Asian countries as compared to...

Development Accounting with Intermediate Goods

Palavras-chave: Bayesian Inference; Stochastic Production Frontier; Time Varying Technical Inefficiency; Total Factor Productivity Growth; Tropical Agricultural Systems; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; C15; D24; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116088

The Resource Curse: A State and Provincial Analysis

Grobovsek, Jan.

Do intermediate goods help explain relative and aggregate productivity differences across countries? Three observations suggest they do: (i) intermediates are relatively expensive in poor countries; (ii) goods industries demand intermediates more intensively than service industries; (iii) goods industries are more prominent intermediate suppliers in poor countries. I build a standard multisector growth model accommodating these features to show that inefficient intermediate production strongly depresses aggregate productivity and increases the price ratio of final goods to services. Applying the model to data for middle and high income countries, I find that poorer countries are only modestly less efficient at producing goods than services, but...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Development Accounting; Productivity; Intermediate Goods; Production Economics; O10; O41; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119112

Olayele, Bankole Fred.

A puzzling piece of empirical evidence suggests that countries rich in natural resources tend to have dismal economic performance. This paradigm has come to be known as the “resource curse”. This paper deals with the role of institutional quality in explaining the transmission mechanism of the resource curse. I attempt to explain this phenomenon by using the index of economic freedom developed by the Fraser Institute as a proxy for the quality of institutions. The outcomes of the linear and non-linear interactions between resource abundance and institutional quality turn out to be the key elements that determine the intensity, if existent, or otherwise of the resource curse. Rather than look at cross country data like many others, I focus on the 10...

RUSSIA'S AGRICULTURE: EIGHT YEARS IN TRANSITION - CONVERGENCE OR DIVERGENCE OF REGIONAL EFFICIENCY

Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels; GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57805

Uvarovsky, Vladimir; Voigt, Peter.

In this paper, we consider how Russian Agriculture has developed since the constitution of the Russian Federation. The analysis is based on Oblast level data of 75 territorial units during the period from 1993 to 1998 and is focusing on technical efficiency (TE), technological change, and (both aggregated as overall index) on Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Given that the initial natural conditions were approximately constant the consistence of political programs, market reforms and restructuring were essential determinants of regional developments of TE and TFP above or below the common trend. If this assumption is widely true an investigation of responsible circumstances for these divergences seems to be an important task in the actual regional-economic...

Modeling International Trends in Energy Efficiency and Carbon Emissions

Palavras-chave: Technical efficiency; Rural areas; Divergence; Russian Federation; Agriculture; International Development; Productivity Analysis; O13; O47.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14891

Aggregate and Farm-level Productivity Growth in Tobacco: Before and After the Quota Buyout

Stern, David I..

This study uses a stochastic production frontier to model energy efficiency trends, in 85 countries over a 37 year period. No structure is imposed on technological change over time, although differences in technology level across the countries are modelled as a stochastic function of explanatory variables. These variables are selected by a literature survey and a theoretical model of energy-efficient technology choice. An improvement in a country’s energy efficiency is measured as a reduction in energy intensity, while holding constant that economy’s mix of inputs and outputs. All other things remaining constant, the country using the least energy per unit output is on the global best-practice frontier. The model is used to derive decompositions of...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Energy; Efficiency; Carbon; Emissions; Technological change; Between estimator; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O33; O47; Q43; Q54; Q55; Q56.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94950

Kirwan, Barrett E.; White, T. Kirk; Uchida, Shinsuke.

We examine the distortionary effects of agricultural policy on farm productivity by examining the response of U.S. tobacco farmers' productivity to the quota buyout of 2004. We isolate the impact of distortionary policy, i.e., the tobacco quota, by decomposing aggregate productivity growth into the contribution of farm-level productivity growth and the contribution of reallocation of resources among tobacco growers. Reallocation of resources includes entry into and exit from tobacco farming, as well as growth or decline of the resources allocated to existing tobacco farms. We find that aggregate productivity of Kentucky tobacco farms grew 37% between 2002 and 2007. Reallocation of resources among continuing tobacco farms contributed 22 percentage points...

The End of an Era? The Medium- and Long-Term Effects of the Global Crisis on Growth in Low-Income Countries

Palavras-chave: Tobacco; Quotas; Aggregate Productivity Growth; Re-allocation; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; E32; L6; O47.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56353

Berg, Andrew; Papageorgiou, Chris; Pattillo, Catherine; Spatafora, Nikola.

This paper investigates the medium- and long-term growth effects of the global financial crises on Low-Income Countries (LICs). Using several methodological approaches, including impulse response function analysis, growth spells techniques and panel regressions, we show that external demand (ED) shocks are not historically associated with sharp declines in output growth. Given existing evidence that LICs were primarily impacted by such a shock in the global financial crisis, our analysis provides some optimism on the chances that LICs will avoid a protracted period of slow growth. However, we also show that there seem to be persistent output losses associated with ED shocks in the medium-run. In terms of policy implications, our analysis provides evidence...

Investigating the Sources of Agricultural Growth in Africa: Factor Accumulation, Total Factor Productivity, and Technology Absorption

Palavras-chave: Global financial crisis; External shocks; Low-income countries; Medium- and long-term growth; Impulse response functions; Growth spells; Panel growth regressions; Agribusiness; O11; O19; O23; O47.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115524

Nkamleu, Guy Blaise.

This paper investigates sources and determinants of agricultural growth in Africa, concentrating on the growth path during the last three decades. The analysis employs the broader framework provided by empirical growth literature and recent developments in Total Factor Productivity (TFP) measurement to search for fundamental determinants of growth in African agriculture. One main contribution and new findings in this analysis is the quantification of the contribution of the productivity growth and the contribution of different inputs such as land, labor, tractor and fertilizer in the agricultural growth. Growth accounting computation highlights the fact that factor accumulation rather than TFP accounts for a large share of agricultural output growth and...

A Reappraisal of the Role of Agriculture in Economic Growth in Melanesian Countries

Palavras-chave: Growth accounting; TFP; Factor accumulation; Capital absorption; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; N50; O47; D24.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52108

Fleming, Euan M.; Fleming, Pauline.

Fortunes in the agricultural sectors of four of the largest South Pacific countries are traced in recent decades by estimating the single factoral terms of trade index. The single factoral terms of trade are measured for agriculture in four Melanesian countries-Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu-over the period, 1970 to 2002. This index provides a useful method to assess changes in returns to factors employed in agricultural production in these countries. Except in Solomon Islands, farmers experienced a deteriorating index, indicating that they have reaped progressively lower returns to their resources. In Solomon Islands, returns to resources are shown to have increased slightly. A sustained contribution by the agricultural sector to...