SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Sedjo, Roger A..

A major problem being faced by human society is that the global temperature is believed to be rising due to human activity that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; i.e., global warming. The major culprit is thought to be fossil fuel burning, which is releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The problem of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can be addressed a number of ways. One of these is forestry and forest management. This paper examines a number of current issues related to mitigating the global warming problem through forestry. First, the overall carbon cycle is described, and the potential impact of forests on the buildup of atmospheric carbon is examined. A major focus is the means by which forests and forest...

Differential Influence of Relative Poverty on Preferences for Ecosystem Services: Evidence from Rural Indonesia

Palavras-chave: Forests; Carbon; Sinks; Sequestration; Forest management; Kyoto Protocol; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10571

Glenk, Klaus; Barkmann, Jan; Schwarze, Stefan; Zeller, Manfred; Marggraf, Rainer.

Ecosystem services generate benefits that enter human consumption either directly or indirectly via their contribution to human production activities. In this contribution, we provide evidence that (i) the demand of peasants for ecosystem services in rural Indonesia depends on relative poverty; and that (ii) the type of reaction to poverty depends on the specific relation of the ecosystem services to peasant production and consumption. In early 2005 a representative choice experiment study was conducted in the Lore Lindu area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, to quantify regional economic preferences (marginal willingessto- pay: MWTP) for four different ecosystem services (n=249; rattan and water availability, shading in cacao agroforestry, population size...

Environmental Targets and Shadow Prices of Bad Outputs in Organic and Conventional Farming

Palavras-chave: Relative poverty; Choice experiment; Ecosystem services; Environmental valuation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q51; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25681

Huhtala, Anni; Marklund, Per-Olov.

We present a framework for deriving shadow prices for negative environmental impacts regulated in agriculture. The shadow prices can be used as indicators of the costs of environmental regulation imposed as reflected in alternative farming technologies adopted. We illustrate our analytical findings with implications of the Finnish water protection policy measures on conventional and organic livestock farms over the period 1994-2002. Generally, the representative organic farm is found to be more technically efficient relative to its own technology than is the conventional representative farm. However, there is no statistical indication of a difference between these two particular representative farms in valuing the costs of undesirable output (manure) at...

Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Impacts on Japan’s Import Demand for Cooked and Uncooked Poultry, Beef, Pork, and Other Meats

Palavras-chave: Environmental performance; Technology choices; Nutrient surplus; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; C21; Q12; Q21.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24575

Taha, Fawzi A.; Hahn, William F..

First developed meat import demand system, disaggegating poultry meat into two products, cooked poultry (safe)and uncooked poultry meat (less safe). The model includes, beef, pork, and other meats as well.

Conservation Programs: Will Grain Production Reclaim Acres in the South?

Palavras-chave: CBS model; Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI); BSE; Meat import demand system; Cooked poultry; Uncooked poultry; Beef; Pork; Other meats; Structural change; Japan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q17; Q18; Q21.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103853

Petrolia, Daniel R.; Ibendahl, Gregory A..

A state-level analysis of the Re-enrollment and Extension (REX) program on southern states indicates a positive relationship between percentage of tree acreage and Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) re-enrollment for states in which conservation acreage is dominated by trees. However, the relationship depends on crop mix where CRP acreage is dominated by grass. County-level analysis suggests that states will differ in how quickly they opt out of CRP. Of the states examined, Arkansas is the most likely to move land to corn, with Mississippi the least likely. Arkansas and Kentucky will switch to soybean first, followed by Mississippi and Georgia.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Conservation Reserve Program (CRP); Corn; Land use change; Re-enrollment and Extension Program (REX); Soybean; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q15; Q18; Q21; Q24.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47197

Do Consumers React to the Shape of Supply? Water Demand under Heterogeneous Price Structures

Olmstead, Sheila M.; Hanemann, W. Michael; Stavins, Robert N..

Urban water pricing provides an opportunity to examine whether consumers react to the shape of supply functions. We carry out an empirical analysis of the influence of price and price structure on residential water demand, using the most price-diverse, detailed, household-level water demand data yet available for this purpose. We adapt the Hausman model of labor supply under progressive income taxation to estimate water demand under non-linear prices. Ours is the first analysis to address both the simultaneous determination of marginal price and water demand under block pricing and the possibility of endogenous price structures in the cross section. In order to examine the possibility that consumers facing block prices are more price-responsive, all else...

Environmental Indices for the Chinese Grain Sector

Palavras-chave: Non-linear pricing; Water demand; Price elasticity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D12; Q21; Q25; Q28; L95.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10672

Chen, Ming; Karp, Larry S..

Increased population pressure and political decisions have led to more intensive agricultural practices in China. As in other regions of the world, these practices can damage natural capital We use the Kalman filter and Chinese panel data to estimate an index of environmental productivity (natural capital), together with the parameters of environmental dynamics and the production function. These estimates show that intensive practices are likely to have had persistent, substantial, and statistically significant negative effects on productivity. Ignoring these effects can cause substantial misallocation of resources. The results illustrate the possibility of estimating sectoral environmental indices using data commonly available.

Plagiarism Without Apology--Systematic Integration of Available Information in a Long Run Agricultural Outlook

Palavras-chave: Chinese agriculture; Dynamic production; Environmental indices; Sustainability; Kalman filter; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis; QOl; Q21; C32; C43.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6259

Witzke, Heinz Peter; Britz, Wolfgang.

In the context of a long run agricultural outlook on behalf of the European Environmental Agency a new methodology has been developed to systematically integrate external forecasts into a quite detailed agricultural sector model. External forecasts usually provide estimates for the exogenous variables in modelling work and frequently they are also used for comparisons and potential reassessment of empirical specifications. The innovative characteristic of this study is that expert forecasts have been used to specify parameter changes expressing structural change affecting behavioural functions. The outlook was therefore set up as a simultaneous estimation and forecasting effort which permitted to integrate various, usually contradictory expert forecasts...

Pricing Benefit Externalities of Soil Carbon Sequestration in Multifunctional Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Agricultural outlook; Forecasting; Modelling; Expert information; Agricultural and Food Policy; C15; C53; Q11; Q19; Q21.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24666

Development, Testing and Application of ACRE: An Agro-Economic Production Model on Regional Level

Hartell, Jason G..

“Multifunctionality” emphasizes the benefit externality properties of nonfood products that coincide with agricultural commodity production, some of which also have public-good properties. However, determining the willingness to pay for local benefit externalities is seen as necessary but daunting. This paper pursues the idea that the valuation process might first start by estimating the incentives required to supply various levels of a benefit externality. With the use of carbon sequestration through the adoption of no-till cultivation as an example of a multifunctional benefit externality, mathematical programming is used to derive representative price schedules. The implication for incentive prices are examined in light of risk aversion.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Externalities; Multifunctionality; Quadratic programming; C61; D62; Q12; Q21.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43416

Henseler, Martin; Wirsig, Alexander; Krimly, Tatjana.

ACRE is an Agro-eConomic model for agricultural pRoduction on rEgional level. Based on an extension of Positive Mathematical Programming (PMP) this model was developed as a decision tool for politics with respect to questions of global change scenarios. The validity of the theoretical approach as well as the algorithms has been tested by calculations with empirical data. Currently, ACRE is applied in large interdisciplinary projects. This paper introduces the development of ACRE, from the theoretical framework to testing its validity and current application.

Panel Data Evidence on the Determinants of Non-Timber Forest Products Extraction: The Case of Xate in Mexico

Palavras-chave: Mathematical programming; Variant-activity; Regional model; Agricultural production model; Interdisciplinary projects; Agribusiness; C61; Q15; E23; Q21.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24770

Lopez-Feldman, Alejandro.

This paper examines the determinants behind households' decisions regarding non-timber forest products extraction. Data from Mexico is used to estimate a selection model. Results show that individuals with low levels of human capital are more likely to extract than other individuals; the same is true for individuals from poor households.

Biotechnology's Potential Contribution to Global Wood Supply and Forest Conservation

Palavras-chave: Non-timber forest products; Natural resource extraction; Chamaedorea; Mexico; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q56; D13.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19410

Sedjo, Roger A..

Over the past 30 years, industrial plantation forests have become a major supplier of industrial wood. There are several reasons for this, including the improved economics of planted forests due to biotechnological innovations, the increases in natural forest wood costs due to increasing inaccessibility, and rising wood costs from natural forests due to new environmental restrictions related to logging. Forestry today is on the threshold of the widespread introduction of biotechnology into its operational practices. In many cases, the biotechnology likely to be introduced is simply an extension of that being utilized in agriculture, such as herbicide-tolerant genes. However, biotechnology in forestry also is developing applications unique to forestry,...

Integrating Multifunctionality of Agriculture in Regional Land Use Concepts

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Breeding; Forestry; Tree plantations; Timber; Fiber; Genes; GMOs; Industrial wood; Economics; Benefits; Costs; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q23; Q16; O32; L73.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10708

Ahrens, Heinz; Kantelhardt, Jochen.

Because of high population density in Europe agriculture cannot define its aims on its own but has to take account of quite a number of demands from different actors. For instance, agriculture is expected to produce food and at the same time to contribute to the protection of cultural landscapes and the maintenance of ecological services. However, land use concepts are often formulated ecology-oriented neglectingsocio-economic objectives and potential production responses of farmers. The present paper is aimed to illustrate how multi-criteria analysis can be used to transform a primarily ecology-oriented land use concept for an ecologically very sensitive region into a more integrative and comprehensive one that makes due allowance for socio-economic...

Prescriptive use of Environmental Indices: A "How To" Guide for Conservation Programs

Palavras-chave: Multi-criteria analysis; Multifunctionality of agriculture; Regional land-use concepts; Land Economics/Use; Q21; Q51; Q59; R0.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25483

Cattaneo, Andrea.

A framework for analyzing conservation programs that rank applications using environmental indices is presented. We derive the optimal bid from the farmer's perspective for both land retirement and working lands agri-environmental payment programs and we analyze how these solutions depend on program design parameters. The distinction is made between environmental objectives based on whether the farmer exercises control or not over the level proposed in a bid to participate in a program. The optimization model is solved analytically for two cases - a land retirement and a working lands program - highlighting the differences in the results.

An Analysis of Global Timber Markets

Palavras-chave: Environmental payments; Program design; Participation incentives; Environmental Economics and Policy; C6; H57; Q21; Q28.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24764

Sohngen, Brent; Mendelsohn, Robert; Sedjo, Roger A.; Lyon, Kenneth S..

This paper presents a model of global timber markets that captures the evolution of a broad array of forest resources and timber market margins over time. These margins include the inaccessible northern and tropical margins, plantation establishment, and timberland management. A baseline case is presented and discussed. Five alternative scenarios are then presented. These scenarios allow us to consider several important questions about timber market behavior and the future supply of industrial fiber: (1) What happens along the northern and the tropical inaccessible margins? (2) What role do timber plantations play? and (3) How do shifts in management intensity interact with market forces? The baseline case suggests that both prices and harvests rise over...

Landscape Assessment via Regression Analysis

Palavras-chave: Global timber markets; Forest plantations; Model; Forecast; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q21; Q23; Q24.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10449

Arriaza Balmón, Manuel; Canas, Juan F.; Canas, Juan A.; Ruiz, Pedro; Gonzalez, Jose; Barea, Francisco.

This paper presents a methodology for assessing the visual quality of agricultural landscapes through direct and indirect techniques of landscape valuation. The first technique enables us to rank agricultural landscapes on the basis of a survey of public preferences. The latter weighs the contribution of the elements and attributes contained in the picture to its overall scenic beauty via regression analysis. The photos used in the survey included man-made elements, positive and negative, agricultural fields, mainly of cereals and olive trees, and a natural park. The results show that perceived visual quality increases, in decreasing order of importance, with the degree of wilderness of the landscape, the presence of well-preserved man-made elements, the...

Wilderness and Primitive Area Recreation Participation and Consumption: An Examination of Demographic and Spatial Factors

Palavras-chave: Landscape assessment; Visual quality; Landscape elements; Landscape value; Land Economics/Use; H41; Q21; Q26.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24469

Bowker, James Michael; Murphy, D.; Cordell, H. Ken; English, Donald B.K.; Bergstrom, John C.; Starbuck, C. Meghan; Betz, Carter J.; Green, Gary T..

This paper explores the influence of demographic and spatial variables on individual participation and consumption of wildland area recreation. Data from the National Survey on Recreation and the Environment are combined with geographical information system-based distance measures to develop nonlinear regression models used to predict both participation and the number of days of participation in wilderness and primitive area recreation. The estimated models corroborate previous findings indicating that race (black), ethnicity (Hispanic), immigrant status, age, and urban dwelling are negatively correlated with wildland visitation, while income, gender (male), and education positively affect wildland recreation participation and use. The presence of a...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Logistic; Negative binomial; Participation; Recreation; Visits; Wilderness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q21; Q26; Q24.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43765

The Economic and Policy Setting of Renewable Energy: Where Do Things Stand?

Darmstadter, Joel.

This paper looks at the status and prospects of renewables-with particular emphasis on windpower-in the electric power sector. Although renewables account for a steadily rising share of electricity generation in various countries, their role remains small in absolute terms. In part, this is because of technological progress of and successful competition from fossil-fueled generation-notably, combined cycle gas turbines. While diminishing, subsidies continue to be indispensable to the use of renewables in most places. Viability of renewables-based electricity is undermined by the cost of externalities for which fossil energy combustion is only partially charged. A number of countries (and states in the U.S.) have launched obligatory requirements for...

El valor del uso recreativo del Parque Natural Sierra de María-Los Velez (Almería)

Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Electricity; Windpower; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q21; L94.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10777