SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Shrestha, Ram K.; Alavalapati, Janaki R.R.; Stein, Taylor V.; Carter, Douglas R.; Denny, Christine B..

We used the open-ended contingent valuation method to elicit willingnes to pay (WTP) for day visitors and extended visitors on the Ocala National Forest (ONF), Florida. A Tobit model specification was applied to account for the issues involved with censored WTP bids. The results reveal that visitors would pay more for improved recreational facilities at the ONF. In particular, our estimates show that visitors would pay $1 million for basic facilities, $1.9 million for moderate improvements, and $2.5 million for more improvements.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Tobit analysis; Water-based recreation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q26.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15069

Exploring demand for forestry in Lake Victoria Basin (Western Kenya): An econometric approach

Jindal, Rohit.

This paper determines the demand for a forestry program amongst rural households in western Kenya. It is based on a field survey with 277 households, using a stratified random sampling approach. The study follows attribute based method to elicit farmers’ preferences. Demand is measured in terms of additional number of trees that a household is willing to plant under different price schedules, including direct economic incentive to plant new seedlings. The mean willingness to plant new trees per household increases from 44 trees when farmers have to pay 10ksh/seedling, to 244 trees when farmers receive a payment of 10ksh/seedling. The paper uses fixed effects, random effects and random effect tobit models to estimate relevant parameters. Hausman...

Forest Carbon Sequestration: Some Issues for Forest Investments

Palavras-chave: Kenya; Lake Victoria; Demand; Tree seedlings; Attribute based method; Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C23; Q23; Q57.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6347

Sedjo, Roger A..

A major problem being faced by human society is that the global temperature is believed to be rising due to human activity that releases carbon dioxide to the atmosphere; i.e., global warming. The major culprit is thought to be fossil fuel burning, which is releasing increasing amounts of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The problem of increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide can be addressed a number of ways. One of these is forestry and forest management. This paper examines a number of current issues related to mitigating the global warming problem through forestry. First, the overall carbon cycle is described, and the potential impact of forests on the buildup of atmospheric carbon is examined. A major focus is the means by which forests and forest...

Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners’ Decisions to Create Carbon Forest Sinks?

Palavras-chave: Forests; Carbon; Sinks; Sequestration; Forest management; Kyoto Protocol; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q15; Q21; Q23; Q24.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10571

Shaikh, Sabina L.; Sun, Lili; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners’ participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits...

Influencia de politicas ambientales en la captura de carbono por parte de las masas forestales

Palavras-chave: Willingness to accept compensation for tree planting; Afforestation; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q54.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37017

Conservation Payments, Liquidity Constraints and Off-Farm Labor: Impact of the Grain for Green Program on Rural Households in China

Balteiro, Luis Díaz.

RESUMEN: Desde que recientemente se ha reparado en los ecosistemas forestales como posibles sumideros del CO2 atmosférico, se ha propuesto el establecimiento de masas forestales como medida para reducir las concentraciones de este gas. Esto llevaría a que las plantaciones forestales presentaran objetivos adicionales de carácter ambiental. Bajo la óptica de un propietario privado o un posible inversor en esta clase de activos forestales, estas circunstancias sitúan al centro decisor ante un problema de producción conjunta, diferente al que existía hasta hace poco tiempo. Por otro lado, desde un punto de vista social interesará que la captura de carbono sea máxima. Se han estudiado dos posibles casos de forestaciones, y los resultados muestran que el...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Forest Economics; Forest Policy.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28757

Uchida, Emi; Rozelle, Scott; Xu, Jintao.

This study evaluates the off-farm labor response of rural households participating in the Grain for Green program in China, the largest conservation set-aside program in the developing world. Using a panel data set that we designed and implemented, we examine the impact of the program on changes in off-farm labor participation between 1999 (pre-program) and 2004 (post-program) using a difference-in-differences approach and several extensions that account for program intensity. We also test whether the program impact is diverse depending on level of physical and human capital of participants. We find that on average the Grain for Green program has a positive effect on off-farm labor participation. Importantly, however, we find that program effects vary...

Afforestation and Timber Management Compliance Strategies in Climate Policy. A Computable General Equilibrium Analysis

Palavras-chave: Payments for environmental services; Off-farm labor supply; Grain for Green program; China; Program evaluation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; J22; O13; Q23.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9698

Michetti, Melania; Nunes Rosa, Renato.

This paper analyzes the role of afforestation-reforestation and timber management activities, and their major and secondary economic effects in stabilizing climate during the first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol. In particular, with a Computable General Equilibrium framework, the ICES model, it is inferred how forest carbon sequestration fits within the European domestic portfolio of a 2020-20 and 2020-30 climate stabilization policy. Afforestation and land use are accounted for by introducing their effects in the model. This is done by relying on carbon sequestration curves provided by Sohngen (2005), which describe the average annual cost of sequestration for selected world regions. Results show that afforestation and timber management could...

A Tale of Two Communities: Explaining Deforestation in Mexico

Palavras-chave: Climate Change; General Equilibrium Modelling; Forestry; Afforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; Q23; Q24; Q52; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99641

Alix-Garcia, Jennifer Marie; de Janvry, Alain; Sadoulet, Elisabeth.

Explaining land use change in Mexico requires understanding the behavior of the local institutions involved. We develop two theories to explain deforestation in communities with and without forestry projects, where the former involves a process of side payments to non-members of the community and the latter of partial cooperation among community members. Data collected in 2002 combined with satellite imagery are used to test these theories. For the forestry villages, we establish a positive relationship between the distribution of profits as dividends instead of public goods and forest loss. For communities not engaged in forestry projects, deforestation is largely related to the ability of the community to induce the formation of a coalition of members...

Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Eco-Certified Wood Products

Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Common property; Partial cooperation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D70; H41; O13; N56; Q23; Q24.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25066

Jensen, Kimberly L.; Jakus, Paul M.; English, Burton C.; Menard, R. Jamey.

We use Kristrom’s simple spike model to assess the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to pay a premium for a variety of certified wood products. A survey of over 1,600 Pennsylvania and Tennessee residents found that approximately 35% were willing to pay some positive “premium” for environmentally certified wood products. For three types of weed products (a $28.80 shelf, a $199 chair, and a $799 table), we find the estimated market premiums to be $3.74, $15.94, and $45.07, respectively.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Eco-certification; Eco-labeling; Price premium; Spike models; Q5; Q23.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43452

Science, Politics, and U.S. Forest Law: The Battle over the Forest Service Planning Rule

Hoberg, George.

This paper reviews the battles over the Forest Service planning rule that culminated in the November 2000 revising of the regulations implementing the National Forest Management Act. In a departure from the agency's emphasis on multiple use, the rule established ecological sustainability as the key objective guiding planning for the national forests. The supporting material explicitly states that "it is based on the recommendation of an eminent committee of scientists." This paper examines the Committee of Scientists and the NFMA rule as a case study in the relation between science and politics in the development and implementation of statutory standards for management of the National Forest System. The conclusion considerations the broader question of...

Linking Reduced Deforestation and a Global Carbon Market: Impacts on Costs, Financial Flows, and Technological Innovation

Palavras-chave: Forest Service; Planning; National Forest Management Act; Committee of Scientists; Multiple use; Sustainability; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; K00; Q23; Q28.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10604

Bosetti, Valentina; Lubowski, Ruben N.; Golub, Alexander; Markandya, Anil.

Discussions over tropical deforestation are currently at the forefront of climate change policy negotiations at national, regional, and international levels. This paper analyzes the effects of linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions. We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stabilizing greenhouse gas concentrations at 550 ppmv of CO2 equivalent. Introducing REDD reduces global forestry emissions through 2050 by 20-22% in the Brazil-only case and by 64-88% in the global REDD scenarios. At the same time, REDD lowers the total costs of the...

Effects of Low-cost Offsets on Energy Investment – New Perspectives on REDD –

Palavras-chave: Carbon market; Climate change; Innovation; Mitigation; Policy costs; Offsets; Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD); Technological change; Tropical deforestation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q42; Q52; Q54; Q55.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52544

Golub, Alexander; Fuss, Sabine; Szolgayova, Jana; Obersteiner, Michael.

Tropical deforestation is one of the major sources of carbon emissions, but the Kyoto Protocol presently excludes avoiding these specific emissions to fulfill stabilization targets. Since the 13th Conference of the Parties (COP) to the UNFCCC in 2007, where the need for policy incentives for the reduction of emissions from deforestation and degradation (REDD) was first officially recognized, the focus of this debate has shifted to issues of implementation and methodology. One question is how REDD would be financed, which could be solved by integrating REDD credits into existing carbon markets. However, concern has been voiced regarding the effects that the availability of cheap REDD credits might have on energy investments and the development of clean...

Valuation of Carbon Forestry and the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme: A Real Options Approach Using the Binomial Tree Method

Palavras-chave: Real Options; Energy Investment; Cap-And-Trade; REDD; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q28.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50402

Paying for Avoided Deforestation - Should We Do It?

Tee, James; Scarpa, Riccardo; Marsh, Dan; Guthrie, Graeme.

Under the New Zealand Emissions Trading Scheme, new forests planted on/after 1st January 1990 can earn carbon credits. These credits have to be repaid upon forest harvest. This paper analyses the effects of this carbon scheme on the valuation of bareland, on which radiata pine is to be planted. NPV/LEV and Real Options methods are employed, assuming stochastic timber and carbon prices. Valuation increases significantly and rotation age is likely to be lengthened. We include a scenario analysis of potential implications of rotation age lengthening on carbon stock management in New Zealand.

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS); Climate change policy; Kyoto Protocol; Real options; Carbon forestry; Tradable permit; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; Q23; Q28; Q54.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123665

Estimating Co-benefits of Agricultural Climate Policy in New Zealand: A Catchment-Level Analysis

Sohngen, Brent.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94502

Daigneault, Adam J.; Greenhalgh, Suzie; Samarasinghe, Oshadhi; Sinclair, Robyn.

This paper uses an economic catchment model to assess changes in land use, enterprise distribution, greenhouse gas emissions and nutrient loading levels from a series of policies that introduce carbon prices or nutrient reduction caps on land-based production in the Hurunui Catchment in Canterbury, New Zealand. At $20/tCO2e, net revenue for the catchment is reduced by 7% from baseline levels while GHGs are reduced by 3%. At $40/ tCO2e, net revenue is reduced by 15% while GHGs are reduced by 21%. Nitrogen and phosphorous loading levels within the catchment were also reduced when landowners face a carbon price, thus providing other benefits to the environment. Additional scenarios in this paper assess the impacts from developing a large-scale irrigation...

Managing Forests for Sustainable Economic Development: Optimal Use and Conservation of Forests

Palavras-chave: Agriculture and Forestry Modeling; Land Use; Climate Policy; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Water Quantity; Water Quality; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q25; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103855

Tisdell, Clement A..

The conservation of natural forests contributes significantly to the goal of achieving sustainable economic development. There is, however, growing concern that natural forests (which provide tangible and intangible economic benefits to humankind) are being lost at a rate which (combined with other factors) seriously threatens sustainable economic development because of the environmental and social impacts of such loss. There is little doubt that in order to achieve sustainable development, multifunctional forest ecosystems (as well as other important ecosystems) need to be managed appropriately. However, determining the socially optimal level of conservation and use of forests is a challenging task. From a human point of view, it is clearly not optimal to...

Abatement and Transaction Costs of Carbon-Sink Projects Involving Smallholders

Palavras-chave: Discount rates; Ecosystem services; Environmental conservation; Forests; Intergenerational equity; Multifunctionality; Resource economics; Sustainable development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q23; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90465

Cacho, Oscar J.; Lipper, Leslie.

Agroforestry projects have the potential to help mitigate global warming by acting as sinks for greenhouse gasses. However, participation in carbon-sink projects may be constrained by high costs. This problem may be particularly severe for projects involving smallholders in developing countries. Of particular concern are the transaction costs incurred in developing projects, measuring, certifying and selling the carbon-sequestration services generated by such projects. This paper addresses these issues by analysing the implications of transaction and abatement costs in carbon-sequestration projects. A model of project participation is developed, which accounts for the conditions under which both buyers and sellers would be willing to engage in a carbon...

Modeling Carbon Leakages with Forestation Policies

Palavras-chave: Agroforestry; Climate Policy; Carbon Sequestration Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q57; O1; O13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9324

de Gorter, Harry; Drabik, Dusan; Just, David R..

This paper analyzes carbon leakage due to reduced emissions from deforestation (RED). We find that leakage with RED is good because the policy induces afforestation that contributes to a further carbon sequestration. By ignoring the domestic component of carbon leakage, the literature can either overestimate or underestimate leakage, depending on the magnitudes of the numerator and the denominator of the leakage formulas. Unlike the literature, we include the land and agricultural markets in the analysis of carbon leakage with forestation policies. In this model, carbon leakage depends on: (1) supply and demand elasticities of timber production and consumption, respectively in the country introducing a RED policy (Home country) and in the rest of the...

Bio-energy from Mountain Pine Beetle Timber and Forest Residuals: The Economics Story

Palavras-chave: Carbon leakage; Forestry; Reduced emissions from deforestation; Afforestation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q24; Q54.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114450

Niquidet, Kurt; Stennes, Brad; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

In light of the large volumes of pine killed in the Interior forests in British Columbia by the mountain pine beetle, many are keen to employ forest biomass as an energy source. To assess the feasibility of a wood biomass-fired power plant in the BC Interior it is necessary to know both how much physical biomass might be available over the life of a plant, but also its location because transportation costs are likely to be a major operating cost for any facility. To address these issues, we construct a mathematical programming model of fiber flows in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area of BC over a 25-year time horizon. The focus of the model is on minimizing the cost of supplying feedstock throughout space and time. Results indicate that over the life of the...

Lessons for the Forest Service from State Trust Land Management Experience

Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Biomass and bio-energy; Forest pests; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q42.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45476

Fairfax, Sally.

This paper argues that state trust land management experience is potentially a source of valuable insights and examples for the U.S. Forest Service. The paper sketches historic and current trends in public resource administration to define what constitutes useful new ideas which might aid the agency in its present crisis. In spite of being this nation's oldest approach to public resource management, the state trust lands are an appropriate source of new ideas in an era in which, the paper suggests: (1) the courts are receding as a major source of executive accountability, (2) the legitimacy of federal agencies, particularly those whose authority is rooted in science, is declining, and (3) the institutional framework for public resource management is...