SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Ali, Merima; Peerlings, Jack H.M..

By contrasting the performance of clustered micro enterprises with that of dispersed ones in the handloom sector in Ethiopia, this study shows that clustering significantly increases profit. To correct for selection bias, we match clustered and dispersed micro enterprises that share similar observable characteristics except for being clustered both in urban and rural areas. Results show that clustering is more profitable in urban than rural areas. It is also found that regional specific factors determining clustering of micro enterprises are different in urban and rural areas, highlighting the need to focus on local circumstances when formulating policies to promote clusters.

Integration Effects in Border Regions - A Survey of Economic Theory and Empirical Studies

Palavras-chave: Cluster; Micro enterprises; Propensity score matching; Handloom; Africa; Ethiopia.; Industrial Organization; L10; L67; R12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49922

Niebuhr, Annekatrin; Stiller, Silvia.

Border regions and border effects currently attract a lot of attention in political practice and economic research. Substantial interest in regions located along the frontiers of integrating countries is predominantly inspired by the presumption that their specific geographic position might cause peculiarities in economic adjustments to integration. This survey explores whether economic theory and empirical studies support the assessment that integration effects concentrate in border regions. Economic theory alone allows only very vague conclusions about the spatial effects of integration. Depending on specific circumstances, border regions might benefit, lose or not be affected by integration. Empirical research on border regions - undertaken so far -...

Austrian Border Regions and Eastern Integration A Low Competitiveness - High Growth Paradoxon

Palavras-chave: Regional development; Border regions; Integration effects; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Political Economy; R12; F15; O18.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26340

Mayerhofer, Peter.

Many regions on the EU Eastern borders have developed favourably after the opening up of the border and the implementation of association agreements with the CEECs. This was often seen as a positive sign for the further perspectives of these regions after EU enlargement. In this paper we take a closer look at the mechanisms involved in a case study for Austria. Based on a very disaggregated data set at a regional as well as sectoral level we find that neither sectoral preconditions nor locational advantages can explain the good performance of (rural) border regions after 1989. Using multivariate cluster analyses we group 3-digit-industries to theoretically founded typologies indicating different sector characteristics and find that (fast growing) rural...

Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable?

Palavras-chave: Border Regions; Integration; EU Enlargement; Regional Competitiveness; Austria; International Relations/Trade; F02; F15; R11; R12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26234

Gaigne, Carl; Riou, Stephane; Thisse, Jacques-Francois.

There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692

Evolution, Spatial Self-Organisation and Path Dependence: Tokyo's Role as an International Financial Center

Reszat, Beate.

Japan's markets for money, capital and foreign exchange are among the biggest worldwide. For many years, Tokyo's role as the leading financial center in Asia has been unchallenged. However, recently, other places in the region such as Singapore and Hong Kong have invested heavily to strengthen their competitiveness, and countries like Malaysia and Thailand stand in line to follow their example. This raises two questions: First, how can the emergence of financial centers be explained in general? Second, what are Tokyo's longer-term prospects and how are they affected by the various influences? The study draws the attention to the role of evolutionary forces and the way by which micromotives and the interaction of many agents produces macrobehavior. In this...

Theme Overview: Rural Wealth Creation

Palavras-chave: Financial Economics; N25; G15; R12.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26371

Pender, John L.; Weber, Bruce A.; Fawbush, Wayne.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Community; Development; Economic; Prosperity; Rural; Wealth; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; R11; R12.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122799

An Empirical Analysis of Agglomeration Effect in the Japanese Food Industry -Panel Analysis Using Flexible Translog Production Function-

Kageyama, Masahiro; Tokunaga, Suminori; Akune, Yuko.

In this paper, we examine the existence of agglomeration effect on production in the Japanese food industry from 1985 to 2000 using plant-level 4-digit subclassification, panel dataset and new agglomeration index in Akune and Tokunaga (2005), and Tokunaga, Kageyama, and Akune (2005), based on Ellison and Glaeser (1997). This is an improvement on the the conventional indices such as Location Quotient (LQ) or Location Gini Coefficient (L).When we apply a flexible translog production function and cost share equation as suggested by Kim (1992), we find that around 2% of positive agglomeration effect exists in absence of any restriction on homotheticity in the the case of employment based agglomeration (Gamma EG ).

Federal Forest Policy and Community Prosperity in the Pacific Northwest

Palavras-chave: Agglomeration; Japanese food industry; Panel data analysis; Flexible translog production functions; Agribusiness; R12; R3; Q59.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25510

Weber, Bruce A.; Chen, Yong.

Tipo: Article

Palavras-chave: Amenities; Community Wealth; Federal Forest Policy; Income; Northern Spotted Owl; Northwest Forest Plan; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; R11; R12.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122803

Tipologia municipal de classes sociocupacionais: uma nova dimensão para análise das desigualdades territoriais no Brasil

Maia, Alexandre Gori; Quadros, Waldir Jose de.

The main purpose of this work is to propose a new configuration for the Brazilian territory, providing a relevant dimension to analyze Brazilian social inequalities. The central hypothesis is that the social structure, which consists of a combination between labor market position (occupational class) and per capita income level (social stratum) of Brazilian families, is able to identify social patterns which play an import role in analyzing the huge inequalities of living condition in Brazil.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Social stratification; Income distribution; Regional disparities; Agricultural Finance; Public Economics; J82; R12; R23..

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60806

Beyond the Home Market Effect: Market Size and Specialization in a Multi-Country World

Behrens, Kristian; Lamorgese, Andrea R.; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Tabuchi, Takatoshi.

The standard two-country model of international trade with monopolistic competition predicts a more-than-proportional relationship between a country’s share of world production of a good and its share of world demand for that same good, a result known as the “home market effect”. We first show that this prediction does not generally carry through to the multi-country case, as production patterns are crucially affected by third country effects. We then derive an alternative prediction that holds whatever the number of countries considered. This new prediction takes into account important features of the real world such as comparative advantage due to cross-country technological differences and lack of factor price equalization.

Is population growth conducive to the sustainability of cooperation?

Palavras-chave: Comparative Advantage; Home Market Effect; Hub Effect; International Trade; Monopolistic Competition; Multi-country Models; International Relations/Trade; F12; R12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56212

Stark, Oded; Jakubek, Marcin.

This paper asks whether population growth is conducive to the sustainability of cooperation. A simple model is developed in which farmers who live around a circular lake engage in trade with their adjacent neighbors. The payoffs from this activity are governed by a prisoner’s dilemma “rule of engagement.” Every farmer has one son when the population is not growing, or two sons when it is growing. In the former case, the son takes over the farm when his father dies. In the latter case, one son stays on his father’s farm, whereas the other son settles around another lake, along with the “other” sons of the other farmers. During his childhood, each son observes the strategies and the payoffs of his father and of the trading partners of his father, and...

A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003

Palavras-chave: Population growth; Imitation; Sustainability of cooperation; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; C72; D01; D83; J19; J62; R12; R23.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/109965

Pede, Valerien O.; Florax, Raymond J.G.M.; Holt, Matthew T..

Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.

The Determinants of Self-Employed Income in a Regional Economy

Palavras-chave: Spatial autoregression; Smooth transition; Spatial econometrics; STAR; GWR; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; C51; R11; R12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48117

Swindall, Devin C.; Willis, David B.; Boys, Kathryn A.; Hughes, David W..

Supporters claim that entrepreneurship is critical to building and sustaining the regional economies of urban and rural areas across the nation. Proponents argue that economic development practices that enhance and support entrepreneurship are essential because they cultivate innovation which, in turn, creates new jobs, new wealth, and a better quality of life. However, South Carolina’s real self-employed per capita income has decreased over the last decade. This downward trend highlights the need to examine the drivers of entrepreneurial income. The income of self-employed workers, as opposed to the number of self-employed, is critical to economic development because a major goal of economic policy is to increase incomes not just employment. Identifying...

Spatial Dependence of Regional Unemployment in the European Union

Palavras-chave: Self-employed income; Entrepreneurship; Quantile regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital; R11; R12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103957

Niebuhr, Annekatrin.

The findings of recent studies on adjustment processes suggest that regional labour markets in the EU and the US differ significantly. Low wage flexibility and limited labour mobility in European countries involve persistent unemployment differentials across regions. However, the spatial dimension of regional labour market problems is largely neglected in the corresponding analyses. In contrast, the present paper focuses on the spatial structure of regional unemployment disparities. Regions are tightly linked by migration, commuting and interregional trade. These types of spatial interaction are exposed to frictional effects of distance, possibly causing spatial dependence of regional labour market conditions. Spatial association of regional unemployment...

Die Osterweiterung aus raumwirtschaftlicher Perspektive - Prognosen regionalokonomischer Theorien und Erfahrungen aus der bisherigen Integration in Europa

Palavras-chave: Regional unemployment; Spatial interaction; Spatial econometrics; Europe; Labor and Human Capital; C21; E24; R12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26147

Lammers, Konrad.

Im Zuge der Osterweiterung der Europäischen Union eröffnen sich für die Beitrittskandidatenländer gute Möglichkeiten, wirtschaftliche Aktivitäten aus Westeuropa und anderswo zu attrahieren und im Pro-Kopf-Einkommen aufzuholen. Der Aufholprozess der Beitrittsländer wird jedoch von zunehmender regionaler Divergenz in diesen Ländern begleitet sein. Diese Einschätzung beruht auf den Erfahrungen bei früheren Integrationsprozessen in Europa, insbesondere bei der Süderweiterung, und der ökonomischen Entwicklung in den Kohäsionsländern. Die bisherige Entwicklung der Beitrittskandidatenländer, die im Hinblick auf Handels- und Direktinvestitionsverflechtungen bereits in hohem Maße mit Westeuropa verflochten sind, bestätigen diese Einschätzungen. In the course of...

Spatial Shift-Share Analysis of the Leisure and Hospitality Sector on the Gulf Coast following Hurricane Katrina

Palavras-chave: Enlargement; Regional convergence; Integration; Economic geography; Political Economy; F15; O52; O18; R12.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26126

Evans, Garen K..

Employment shifts in the Leisure and Hospitality sector along the Gulf coast following Hurricane Katrina were explored using spatial shift-share analysis. Using a spatial weights matrix that incorporated relative employment, and distance measures relative to the track of the storm we calculated classical and spatial shift-share components. Each of the spatial components then was regressed on net employment change, and the results were statistically significant, and similar to results obtained by Marquez and Ramajo (2005). These results suggest that spatial interaction between employment centers as well as with the storm track, was a relevant aspect of the employment shifts that occurred following Hurricane Katrina.

Education and Socioeconomic Well-Being in Racially Diverse Rural Counties

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; R11; R12; J21.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6744

Mykerezi, Elton; Mills, Bradford F.; Gomes, Sonya.

This paper examines trends in the socioeconomic well-being in rural counties where Black residents represent one third or more of the population. These racially diverse rural counties (RDRCs) are located exclusively in the rural South and generally have low levels of economic well-being. On a positive note, college education levels in RDRCs are found to have increased rapidly between 1990 and 2000. Regression analysis suggests that these increases were in part due to the concentration of Historically Black Colleges and Universities in the region. Local investments in K-12 education are also found to be linked to county education levels.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Blacks; Public education; Public investment; Rural South; R12; I21; R53.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37959

Short-run Birth and Death of U.S. Manufacturing Firms: 2000 - 2005

Brown, Jason P.; Lambert, Dayton M..

Attracting manufacturing investment remains a viable regional development policy. Previous research in the location literature has informed policymakers which factors are most important for attracting new firm investment. Far less is known about the dynamics of firm death and the possible interaction with firm birth. A conceptual model of county-level investment in the U.S. manufacturing sector is developed from location theory and subsequent literature. Specifically, we test the relative importance of location factors influencing firm investment, and if these factors influence firm birth and death differently. Local factors include labor quality, availability, and cost, market conditions, agglomeration due to localization and urbanization economies,...

Feeding the Cities and Greenhouse Gas Emissions - Beyond the Food Miles Approach

Palavras-chave: Location factors; Manufacturing; Creative destruction; Community/Rural/Urban Development; L60; R11; R12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46739

de Cara, Stephane; Fournier, Anne; Gaigne, Carl.

In this paper, we study the impact of urbanization on the location of agricultural production and the GHG emissions related to transportation activities. We develop an economic geography model where the location of agricultural activities and urban population are endogenous. We show that increasing agricultural yields induce the spatial concentration of agricultural production in the least urbanized region if agricultural transport costs are relatively low and in the most urbanized region otherwise. In addition, interregional trade in agricultural commodities is desirable to reduce GHG emissions, except when urban population is equally split between cities. However, the market may induce too much agglomeration of agricultural production when yields are...

Openness and Urban Concentration in Europe, 1870-1990

Palavras-chave: Urbanization; Agriculture location; Transport; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Q10; Q54; R12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114350

Nitsch, Volker.

This paper provides a new attempt to examine the relationship between an economy's exposure to foreign trade and its degree of urban concentration. In contrast to previous work, which is often based on rich cross-country data sets, the analysis is focused exclusively on European countries, allowing to explore reliable historical data. The results generally confirm earlier findings of a negative relationship between openness and city size for the period from 1970 to 1990, but are much weaker for other time periods and concentration measures. Therefore, it is argued that the linkage between trade policy and urban centralization is not robust. Dieses Papier untersucht den Zusammenhang zwischen dem Offenheitsgrad einer Volkswirtschaft und dem Ausmaß urbaner...