|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 17 | |
|
|
| Water from the Amudarya River is a vital and strategic resource for semi-arid Uzbekistan because of its heavy reliance on irrigated agriculture. The Uzbek water management regime, however, has proven to be rather reluctant to adapt to changing environmental and socio-political conditions despite recent massive pressures caused by political, environmental, or donor-induced developments in the region. The aim of this paper is to explore reasons for the low adaptability of the Uzbek water sector and assess implications for the resilience of the Uzbek social-ecological system (SES). By analyzing past losses of resilience as well as first attempts at institutional change in land and water management, we identify drivers as well as structural factors and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Amudarya river basin; Reform; Resilience; Transformation; Uzbekistan; Water management. |
| Ano: 2011 |
|
| |
|
|
| Tisdell, Clement A.. |
| Begins by considering trends in the incidence of rural poverty in China, comparing China and India. Although the incidence of rural poverty in China declined generally, such poverty is still a matter for concern, especially now that China has joined the WTO. There is concern about the possible impact of China’s WTO entry on its rural poverty and its ability to adopt policies to address it. Recent international studies of such poverty in China by bodies such as the World Bank, OECD, ADB and IFPRI are outlined and reviewed critically with these economic issues in mind. The most recent study by Anderson and others suggests that China’s agriculture will be forced to undertake more structural adjustment than forecast in earlier studies. The Chinese policies to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; China; Economic; Reform; Rural poverty; WTO; Agricultural Finance; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/105582 |
| |
|
|
| Osborne, Stefan; Trueblood, Michael A.. |
| This study examines the impact of agriculture-specific and economywide institutional reform in Russia and Ukraine on the productivity and efficiency of agricultural production. Production in the agricultural sector in Russia and Ukraine has fallen since reforms began in 1992. The decline is to a certain extent an inevitable result of reform as input and output prices realign to world prices. However, some of the decline is due to incomplete agriculture-specific and economywide institutional reform. Russia and Ukraine have the potential to increase grain exports significantly if reforms are implemented: the most likely scenario projects that wheat and barley exports from Russia and Ukraine could double from current projections, reaching 21 million metric... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Russia; Ukraine; Reform; Productivity; Efficiency; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33937 |
| |
|
|
| Zhang, Xiaobo; Tan, Kong-Yam. |
| A key objective of China's reform program was to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance growth. However, when implemented in incremental and partial ways, local governments or individuals have chance to capture rents inherent in the reform process. Young (2000) warned that the rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have since shown that this did not happen in the product markets. In this paper we argue that as rents from the product markets were squeezed out during the reform process, rent-seeking behavior shifted to the factor markets, especially the capital and land markets. The reform process now needs to be deepened to ensure that the factor markets also become more integrated and efficient. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Reform; China; Rent Seeking; Factor and Product Market; Transition; International Development; D33; D61; D63; O11; O53; P23. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60183 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Elkes, Andrea; Halmai, Peter; Papp, Gergely; Udovecz, Gabor; Vasary, Viktoria. |
| The reforms proposed by the authors intend to ensure the economic, social and environmental sustainability of rural regions and place agricultural policy on a fundamentally different basis. The scope of community and state intervention will change. Payments linked to production will be cancelled and the provision of public goods will be rewarded instead. At the same time, measures aimed at enhancing the viability of the rural economy and society will become more significant. The depth of the changes calls for a new name expressing better the new approach, so instead of CAP the use of a more justified name is suggested: Common Agricultural and Rural Policy (CARP). This paper outlines the vision and the major proposals we suggest to meet the above mentioned... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: CAP; Reform; Public goods; Common Agricultural and Rural Policy; Vision.; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52194 |
| |
|
|
| Wailes, Eric J.; Fang, Cheng; Tuan, Francis C.. |
| China's agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and the open-door policy adopted in the late 1970s. The composition of agricultural trade with China follows its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods. Constraints on U.S.-China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies, and other nontariff barriers. Growth potential is based on China's fundamental demand forces including the world's largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging urban middle class, and further trade reforms to be implemented through accession to the World Trade Organization. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; China; Reform; Trade barriers; United States; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15092 |
| |
|
|
| Landes, Maurice R.; Jha, Shikha; Srinivasan, P.V.. |
| During 1998-2002, India experienced record public surpluses of wheat and rice, sharply higher government grain subsidy outlays, and declining per capita consumption of wheat and rice. By 2006, despite continued high subsidies and sluggish domestic consumption, India developed a large wheat deficit because of reduced price incentives, weak yield growth, and rising subsidized consumption. The pronounced market cycles and declining per capita consumption for India’s major food staples are creating pressure for Indian policymakers to adjust longstanding policies. While there has been no political consensus on more fundamental reform, recent policy changes have moved toward better targeting of food subsidies to low-income consumers, decentralization of... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: India; Wheat; Rice; Production; Consumption; Trade; Policy; Reform; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6386 |
| |
|
|
| Lohmar, Bryan; Wang, Jinxia; Rozelle, Scott; Huang, Jikun; Dawe, David. |
| Water shortages in important grain-producing regions of China may significantly affect China's agricultural production potential and international markets. Falling ground-water tables and disruption of surface-water deliveries to important industrial and agricultural regions have provoked concern that a more dramatic crisis is looming unless effective water conservation policies can be put into place rapidly. While China's water use is unsustainable in some areas, there is substantial capacity to adapt and avert a more serious crisis. Recent changes in water management policies may serve to bring about more effective water conservation. This report provides an overview of these changes and some analysis of their effectiveness. Wheat is the most likely crop... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: China; Irrigation; Policy; Reform; Agricultural production and trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33643 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Landes, Rip; Gulati, Ashok. |
| Policy reforms outside agriculture in the early 1990s accelerated growth in per capita incomes and food demand and also improved the terms of trade for the agriculture. Agricultural policies and institutions, traditionally focused on achieving food grain self sufficiency within a closed economy, have, however, been slow to adapt to a new environment of diversifying demand, more open markets, and a greater role for the private sector. Support price policy has remained delinked from domestic and international market realities, creating significant budgetary costs and market distortion. Inability to reform price policy and contain input subsidies has led to a decline in public investment in agriculture at a time when investment in new infrastructure and... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: India; Agriculture; Policy; Reform; Adjustment; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15735 |
| |
|
|
| Yang, Xiao-yu. |
| Balancing urban and rural comprehensive reform is the major reform and developmental strategy of China. On the basis of the concept and theory of balancing rural and urban reform, the two national pilot cities Chengdu, Chongqing and several provincial pilot cities including Ningbo, Yangzhou, Shaoxing and Zigong are compared. The experiences and connotation of balancing urban and rural areas are concluded from the following four aspects. Firstly, scientific plan is a prerequisite; secondly, promoting three collections' is the core; thirdly, developing people's livelihood is the basis; fourthly, organization security is the key. |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Balancing urban-rural development; Reform; Comparative research; China; Agribusiness. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119696 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Bjornlund, Britta; Cochrane, Nancy J.; Haley, Mildred M.; Hoskin, Roger; Liefert, Olga; Paarlberg, Philip L.. |
| This report examines the restructuring of the livestock sectors in five countries: Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Hungary, and Romania. All five countries experienced a decline in both animal inventories and meat output during the early years of transition away from a centrally planned economy. ERS, in cooperation with Purdue University, developed five general equilibrium models depicting the economies of each nation. The models were used to evaluate capital investment at different stages of production; the rise in land prices that would result from a better functioning land market; reduced marketing costs; increased availability of credit; and, the creation of off-farm employment to draw labor out of agriculture. The study identifies potential trade and... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Livestock sector; Eastern Europe; Centrally planned economy; Cattle; Dairy; Beef; Pork; Poultry; Hogs; Property rights; Trade; Investment; Reform; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33977 |
| |
|
|
| Gandhi, Vasant P.. |
| The paper examines the rural land and labour markets in the context of economic liberalization in India. Land and labour are the two fundamental resources available to the rural people for income generation. The access to land and to employment for labour become basic determinants of well-being for the rural households. Reforms are often seen as hostile to rural areas and the poor, although they should be beneficial not only for overall growth, but also rural growth and poverty alleviation. The study based on primary household data examines the land and labour markets in the reform period and the underlying linkages of these to different characteristics of the household. The study finds that over the reform period in India the land markets are leading to... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Reform; Land; Labour; Development; Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25749 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 17 | |
|
|
|
