|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 43 | |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Wainio, John; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Dyck, John H.. |
| Since 2001, the United States has concluded negotiations with 13 countries, resulting in 8 trade agreements (TAs). Three additional agreements have been negotiated but not yet ratified by Congress, as of March 2011. Other countries have become increasingly active in negotiating their own trade pacts. This proliferation of TAs between key U.S. trading partners and competitors may have raised concerns among U.S. exporters, whose share in established markets could be eroded by such deals. In this study, ERS examines how recently concluded TAs between ASEAN (Southeast Asia) countries and China and Australia/New Zealand, as well as pending TAs between the United States and Korea, Colombia, and Panama, will likely affect U.S. agricultural trade. Model results... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Market access; Free trade agreements; Tariffs; Trade agreements; Trade creation; Trade diversion; Trade promotion agreements; GTAP model.; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102754 |
| |
|
|
| Wainio, John; Vanzetti, David. |
| Development objectives dictate that the Doha negotiations address tariff escalation. This could increase the production and export of processed goods in developing countries, expand investment and employment, and reduce dependence on primary product exports. Despite its importance, little progress has been made, notwithstanding that a final resolution to the negotiations will not be possible without bringing this issue to resolution. This paper quantifies tariff escalation within WTO members' tariff schedules and the degree to which a tiered formula could address this problem. Utilizing a detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model we estimate the possible gains to developing countries from reducing tariff escalation. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6034 |
| |
|
|
| de Gorter, Harry; Just, David R.; Tan, Qinwen. |
| We determine how the U.S. ethanol tax credit and import tariff affect the corn-ethanol-gasoline markets and how farm subsidies interact with these policies. We show how the ethanol tax credit and import tariff each uniquely affect the ethanol and gasoline prices. The ethanol import tariff alone increases the terms of trade in ethanol imports and corn exports, but decreases the terms of trade in gasoline imports and the tax costs of farm price supports. With price-contingent farm subsidies in place, the optimal tariff and tax credit will depend on the price level. When farm subsidy expenditures are high, import subsidies for ethanol may increase social welfare due to the substantial size of the fuel market relative to the corn market. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Tariffs; Tax credit; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49865 |
| |
|
|
| Spreen, Thomas H.; Brewster, Charlene; Brown, Mark G.. |
| The proposed Free Trade Area of the Americas would join the world’s two largest processed orange producing regions: Brazil and the United States. Because the United States currently imposes a sizeable tariff on imported processed orange products, there is concern by U.S. orange growers over possible adverse effects resulting from tariff elimination. A model of the world processed orange market is developed as a spatial equilibrium model with implicit supply functions based on the dynamic behavior of orange production. The model is used to estimate the impact of U.S. tariff elimination on U.S. production, grower and processor prices, and imports. The results suggest a sizeable price impact on U.S. producers if the tariff is eliminated. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Orange juice; Spatial equilibrium; Tariffs; Trade; C61; F13. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37837 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Skully, David W.. |
| The 1996 Uruguay Round Agreement on Agriculture was a step toward free trade. The Agreement lifts bans and quotas on imports, but allows their conversion into tariff-rate quotas (TRQs), which function like quotas. At present, many of the 1,300 TRQs increased market access to imports, but some have preserved pre-Agreement levels of protection. The World Trade Organization's intent as to the administration of TRQs is open to interpretation. This report analyzes seven administrative methods in light of the principle of nondiscrimination. We conclude that auctions are the best way to administer a TRQ. First-come, first-served and license-on-demand methods present a moderate risk of biased trade. State trading organizations and producer groups that directly... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Tariff-rate quotas; Quantitative restrictions; Trade barriers; Tariffs; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33576 |
| |
|
|
| Kinnucan, Henry W.. |
| A recent study of Miljkovic, Marsh, and Brester estimates that reductions in the Japanese tariff-rate quota between 1993 and 2001 increased U.S. beef prices by $1.03 per cwt and yen depreciation between 1995 and 1998 reduced U.S. hog prices by $0.99 per cwt. Relaxing the assumption that U.S. beef and hog supplies are fixed cuts the total elasticities underlying these estimates by 50% or more. The upshot is that shocks in the Japanese market have little effect on U.S. beef and pork prices. Hence, producers may be better off focusing on domestic issues such as dietary concerns over red meat consumption. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Elasticities; Exchange rates; Import demand; Income; Supply response; Tariffs; Q17; F14; C32. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43432 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Ranjan, Ram. |
| This Paper designs a political economy model of invasive species management in order to explore the effectiveness of tariffs in mitigating the risk of invasion. The revenue interests of the government together with the interests of the lobby group competing with the imported agricultural commodity, that is believed to be the vector of invasive species, are incorporated in a Nash Bargaining game. The government, however, also considers the impact of tariffs on long run risks of invasion and decides optimal tariffs based upon its welfare in the pre and post-invasion scenarios. Along with the size of the lobby group, which is a function of the slope of the demand and supply curves, the weights assigned to the various components in the government welfare... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Invasive species; Political economy; Tariffs; Bargaining; Interest groups; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H23; Q17; Q58. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15642 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Vanzetti, David; Peters, Ralf. |
| The long-running WTO negotiations remain unresolved. Agriculture is the main stumbling block. Members have agreed to linear tariff reductions within bands, but proposed exemptions for sensitive products, while providing for much needed flexibility, threaten to undermine the ambition. A detailed partial equilibrium global agricultural trade model is used to analyse the likely impact of exemptions from the formula tariff reductions. Applying one third of the formula cuts to the five per cent of lines with the highest tariffs increases the final developed country average agricultural tariff from 16 to 24 per cent but the negative impacts on trade and welfare are less dramatic. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Trade; Tariffs; WTO; International Relations/Trade; F13; Q17. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6044 |
| |
|
|
| Blayney, Donald P.; Gehlhar, Mark J.; Bolling, H. Christine; Jones, Keithly G.; Langley, Suchada V.; Normile, Mary Anne; Somwaru, Agapi. |
| Current dynamics in world dairy markets and the potential for global and domestic trade policy reform are bringing the U.S. dairy sector to a new crossroads as it faces competitive forces from outside its borders. Those forces—demand for new products by consumers in industrialized countries, changes in technology, rapid economic growth in emerging developing countries, particularly in Asia, and the increasing role of multinational firms in domestic and global dairy markets—are leading to increased dairy consumption, more opportunities for dairy product trade, and foreign direct investment benefiting both U.S. consumers and producers. As global demand for milk and new dairy products expands, the roles of policies that support prices are diminishing, while... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International dairy markets; Dairy trade; Dairy policy; Tariffs; Production quotas; Foreign direct investment; Cheese; Butter; Dry milk powders; Agribusiness; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7209 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 43 | |
|
|
|
