SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Subbaraman, Subhashini; von Witzke, Harald.

This study focuses on estimating determinants of wages across primary, secondary and tertiary sectors in rural India by the type of work contract involved. Casual labourers, with short term work contracts and nearly absent benefits and wage employees, with long term work contracts, higher wages and benefits represent dual sections of the labour market. Here we demonstrate that human capital and other factors that has been proven to explain variation in wages in other labour markets, explain little about wages in casual employment sector. Further, pattern of returns to education for casual labourers were found to decrease with increasing educational levels and was negative for higher education. Such a trend was no t noticed among wage employees, where...

LABOR MARKET LIBERALIZATION, EMPLOYMENT AND GENDER IN RURAL CHINA

Palavras-chave: Returns to education; Wages; Particular labour markets; Labor and Human Capital; J3; J4.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25660

Zhang, Linxiu; de Brauw, Alan; Rozelle, Scott.

The major objective of this paper is to discuss the development of rural labor markets in China during the past two decades and understand how it has affected women. Using household survey data that we collected in 2001, we examine the role of women in labor markets by examining employment and migration trends and changes in wages. According to the data of our nearly national representative sample, we find that there has been a sharp overall increase in off-farm participation, most of the increase has been driven by young migrants, and women, especially those in the youngest cohorts, have participated at rates equaling or surpassing those of their male counterparts. We also find that the wages of women have not been adversely affected by the emergence...

POVERTY, POLICY, AND THE MACROECONOMY

Palavras-chave: China; Labor market liberalization; Employment; Wages; Gender; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25932

Os empregados da agricultura brasileira: diferenciais e determinantes salariais

LeBlanc, Michael.

This report is an empirical inquiry into how poverty is changed by the macroeconomy. The analysis suggests low real wage rates and not the unemployment rate are the most important determinant of poverty in the long run. Changes in output and unemployment primarily affect cyclical or shortun poverty. The empirical results weaken the belief that output growth acting alone will significantly and permanently reduce poverty in the United States. Instead, the results suggest combining economic growth strategies with targeted interventions that may lie outside the traditional sphere of monetary and fiscal policy.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Poverty; Unemployment; Wages; Economic growth; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33584

IMPACTS OF HISPANIC POPULATION GROWTH ON RURAL WAGES

Cunha, Marina Silva da.

This work studies the wage differentials and determinants of the employees in Brazilian agriculture, in period 1981-2005, on the basis of the information of the National Research for Sample of Domiciles of the IBGE. The methodology of Heckman is used to correct bias of selection, common in wage equations gotten by Least Ordinary Square, besides the decomposition of Oaxaca-Blinder, to analyze the wage differentials between 1981 and 2005. Between wage determinants, had been analyzed: education, experience, region, weekly working time and formal work, besides some macroeconomic determinants. The results of the work suggest a reduction of the wage differentials, mainly in the end of the studied period, and that the variable education, age and formal work had...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Wages; Heckman; Decomposition of Oaxaca.; Agribusiness; J31; J43.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61227

The Effects of Workforce Creativity on Earnings in U.S. Counties

Newman, Constance.

Although earnings generally increased in rural areas in the 1990s, Hispanic population growth led to lower wages for at least one segment of the rural populationworkers with a high school degree (skilled workers), particularly men in this skill group. Using data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis and the Current Population Survey, this report examines the effects of Hispanic population growth on rural wages. The analysis combines approaches from earlier immigration-impact studies and more recent work that incorporates the role of labor demand in the labor market. The analysis finds that labor demand shift factors and other area-specific factors that often are not included in immigration studies are important. Results indicate that labor demand increases...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Immigration; Wages; Labor demand; Hispanic population growth; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33965

Gabe, Todd M.; Colby, Kristen; Bell, Kathleen P..

This paper examines the effects of local workforce creativity on county-level earnings. Descriptive analysis of the data shows that most of the high-creativity counties in the United States are part of metropolitan areas, and that employee earnings are high in these places. Regression results indicate that, other things being equal, workforce creativity enhances county-level labor earnings. However, the returns to creativity that we found can be confirmed only in the urban context. An extension of the analysis suggests that the creative workforce wage premium may be capturing the effects of "technical workforce creativity" on earnings.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Creative economy; Wages; Economic development; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10167

¿Cómo se ajusta el mercado de trabajo ante cambios en el salario mínimo en el Perú?: una evaluación de la experiencia de la última década

Jaramillo, Miguel; Lopez, Kristian.

Luego de alcanzar un pico histórico en 1986, el salario mínimo sufrió una caída estrepitosa, junto con el nivel medio de las remuneraciones, hasta inicios de los noventas. Sin embargo, desde mediados de los noventas se ha incrementado considerablemente, acercándose al nivel promedio de las remuneraciones tanto de trabajadores no calificados como de informales. Este estudio describe el marco institucional del salario mínimo en el mercado laboral peruano y analiza su relación con la distribución de los ingresos laborales para diferentes grupos del mercado laboral (trabajadores no calificados, informales, mujeres y jóvenes). Así mismo, aprovecha las variaciones recientes para identificar los efectos de un alza sobre las remuneraciones y el empleo a lo largo...

Effects of Economic Globalisation on Employment Trend and Wages in Developing Countries: Lessons from Nigeria Experiences

Palavras-chave: Empleo; Salarios; Salario mínimo; Mercado de trabajo; Perú; Employment; Wages; Minumum wage; Labour market; Peru; Labor and Human Capital; J3; J4.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37728

Elijah, Obayelu Abiodun.

Since 1986, Nigeria has gradually been integrating with the global economy. This paper examines the effect of globalization on employment and wages in Nigeria. The effects of globalization have been difficult to isolate and evaluate theoretically and empirically due to it multi-faceted nature, but this study attempt to analyse the effects on employment and employeesâ wages by looking at what happened before, during and after globalization in Nigeria. Information and data were mainly gathered through secondary sources, The results of the analysis shows that globalisation of the Nigeria economy through various economic reforms, deregulation and privatisation has led to downsizing of employment in civil service thereby compounding the widespread job...

Long-run costs of piecemeal reform: wage inequality and returns to education in Vietnam

Palavras-chave: Globalization; Labour market; Employment; Wages; Developing countries and Nigeria; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7433

Phan, Diep; Coxhead, Ian A..

“Shock therapy” transitions in Eastern Europe facilitated movement of skilled workers into privatized industries offering high wage premia relative to state industries. Other transitional economies (notably China and Vietnam) have been slower to relinquish control over key industries and factor markets. Some costs of this piecemeal approach are now becoming apparent. We examine the spillover of continuing capital market distortions into the market for a complementary factor, skilled labor. Using Vietnamese data we find that capital market segmentation creates a two-track market for skills, in which state sector workers earn high salaries while non-state workers face lower demand and lower compensation. Growth is reduced directly by diminished allocative...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Labor; Skills; State-owned; Inequality; Wages; Vietnam; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; J31; P23; F16.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124207

An Examination of Gender Wage Differences Among Graduates of the Agribusiness Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, California

Wolf, Marianne McGarry; Qenani-Petrela, Eivis.

Utilizing an original and extended data set containing information on annual wages, demographic and personal characteristics, we examine gender differences in the wages of the graduates of the agribusiness department. The regression analysis suggests that after controlling for the main characteristics that affect earnings, significant differences in wages of men and women still remain present. This study provides new empirical evidence on the gender wage gap in the labor market for the agricultural graduates.

The Labor Market Impact of Immigration in Western Germany in the 1990’s

Palavras-chave: Wages; Gender; Decomposition; Labor market; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20412

D’Amuri, Francesco; Ottaviano, Gianmarco I.P.; Peri, Giovanni.

We adopt a general equilibrium approach in order to measure the effects of recent immigration on the Western German labor market, looking at both wage and employment effects. Using the Regional File of the IAB Employment Subsample for the period 1987-2001, we find that the substantial immigration of the 1990’s had no adverse effects on native wages and employment levels. It had instead adverse employment and wage effects on previous waves of immigrants. This stems from the fact that, after controlling for education and experience levels, native and migrant workers appear to be imperfect substitutes whereas new and old immigrants exhibit perfect substitutability. Our analysis suggests that if the German labor market were as ‘flexible’ as the UK labor...

THE IMPACT OF THE 1990s ECONOMIC BOOM ON LESS-EDUCATED WORKERS IN RURAL AMERICA

Palavras-chave: Immigration; Skill Complementarities; Employment; Wages; Labor and Human Capital; E24; F22; J61; J31.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6384

Davis, Elizabeth E.; Bosley, Stacie A..

This article uses National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) data to investigate the impact of local labor market conditions on the employment and earnings of rural non-college-educated workers. The results suggest that local economic conditions in the late 1990s did have a positive impact on wages, and the effect is larger for workers with no more than a high school degree compared to their college-educated counterparts. Further, there is evidence of a difference between rural and urban labor markets, suggesting that the 1990s boom helped urban less-educated workers but not those in rural areas. The rural/urban difference is most apparent for male workers.

Poverty reduction through improved agricultural water management; Proceedings of the Workshop on Pro-poor Intervention Strategies in Irrigated Agriculture in Asia Islamabad, Pakistan, 23-24 April 2003

Palavras-chave: Employment; Local labor markets; NLSY79; Rural; Unemployment; Wages; Wage curve; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18918

Is Wal-Mart a Monopsony? Evidence from Local Labor Markets

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Water management; Irrigated farming; Poverty; Food security; Households; Income; Drought; Forest policy; Natural disasters; Land ownership; Groundwater; Water market; Water balance; Legislation; Tube wells; Institutional development; Crop production; Wages; Economic aspects; Tillage; Water harvesting; Public policy; Surface water; Labor; Exports; Public sector; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118414

Bonanno, Alessandro; Lopez, Rigoberto A..

This paper measures the degree of monopsony power exerted by Wal-Mart over retail workers using a dominant-firm model and data in the 48 contiguous U.S. states for counties where the company operates, presenting for the first time a measure of the company’s anticompetitive behavior. Empirical results show that Wal-Mart’s monopsony power over workers varies significantly across the country, being higher in non-metro and rural counties, particularly in the south. For instance, Wal-Mart’s buying power index in labor markets in rural southern and central states is estimated to be 5% or higher while the impact on northeastern states’ retail wages is negligible.

The general equilibrium effects of a minimum wage on training

Palavras-chave: Wal-Mart; Monopsony power; Wages; Labor; Retailing; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; J42; L13; L81.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51289

Perloff, Jeffrey M..

Wal-Mart, Oligopsony Power and Entry: an Analysis of Local Labor Markets

Palavras-chave: Job methods training; Minimum wages; Production (economics); Risk; Wages; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 1981

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47005

Bonanno, Alessandro.

Wal-Mart, the largest retailer worldwide, has been suspected of exercising market power over input providers, both merchandise suppliers and workers. However, in spite of a growing body of literature investigating the beneficial economic impact of the company through its price-lowering effect, research analyzing the company’s economic impact over input suppliers is limited. This paper presents a general framework which can be used to investigate Wal-Mart’s market power over input suppliers, vis-à-vis a variation in input productivity, focusing on homogenous intermediate goods supplied locally. The model is general enough to account for incumbents’ reaction to Wal-Mart’s entry resulting in exit, entry and changes in the production technology. A simplified...

An Empirical Investigation of the Impact of Imperfect Information on Wages in Canada

Palavras-chave: Wal-Mart; Oligopsony power; Entry; Wages; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; L13; L81; J42.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49599

Sharif, Najma R.; Dar, Atul A..

Most studies of wage differentials explain such differentials in terms of factors like gender, race, and human capital. But systematic gaps in earnings can arise even among homogenous individuals as a result of asymmetric employer and worker information gaps, thereby reflecting labour market inefficiency. This paper estimates these gaps in terms of wage differentials across various population groups in Canada. We examine 21 populations groups, which include a number of immigrant groups as well. Information gaps are likely to be important in the context of immigrants, especially those new to Canadian labour markets. Our special interest is not only to compare information gaps of immigrant and other population groups, but also to assess whether (and how)...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Labour markets; Information gaps; Wages; Labor and Human Capital; J31; J61; J64.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50162

WORKER AND FIRM DETERMINANTS OF PIECE RATE VARIATION IN AN AGRICULTURAL LABOR MARKET

Newman, Constance; Jarvis, Lovell S..

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA POPULAÇÃO ECONOMICAMENTE ATIVA, RESIDENTE NO MEIO RURAL, NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE CAMPINAS EM 2000.

Palavras-chave: Piece work; Agricultural labor; Wages; Table grapes; Packing houses; Chile; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/11977

Figueiredo, Nelly Maria Sansigolo De; Silva, Patricia Andrade De Oliveira.

O desenvolvimento agrícola e a consolidação de complexos agroindustriais no Brasil em anos recentes foi acompanhado por mudanças no rural, que deixou de ser simplesmente agrário e incorporou novas atividades ao seu cotidiano. Na RMC, fatores associados ao desenvolvimento econômico regional e intensa urbanização também concorrem para a conformação do mercado de trabalho para a população rural. Nesse contexto, este trabalho busca caracterizar a PEA rural da RMC, os rendimentos no trabalho principal, escolaridade e atividades nas quais se ocupam, tendo em vista a importância das atividades não-agrícolas para a geração de renda dessa população. Nesse sentido, pretende ser uma contribuição ao estudo da pluriatividade na RMC, devendo-se observar que limitações...