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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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| Goodloe, Carol. |
| The operations of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), a state trading enterprise, have generated controversy over the years, partly because of an alleged lack of transparency in its operations. This study examines one aspect of operations that is not well understood the government guarantee of CWB borrowing and export credit sales. The CWB is able to take advantage of this special privilege to generate a financial cushion, or non-market based revenue, that it can use to enhance returns to producers, discount export prices, or pay administrative expenses. Current WTO negotiations should build on U.S. and EU proposals on STEs and export credit guarantees to address potential trade-distorting practices of STEs such as the CWB. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Canadian Wheat Board; Financial cushion; State trading enterprise; World Trade Organization; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29160 |
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| Nguyen, Hoa; Ulrike, Grote. |
| Since 1986, Vietnam started to move from a centrally-planned towards a market-oriented system. It underwent several major economic and trade reforms – a process which is still not completed. At the same time, it also started to open its economy. Vietnam has become a member of the ASEAN Free Trade Agreement (AFTA), signed several bilateral trade agreements and is currently negotiating accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO). First positive results of the reform process became visible in the early 1990s when poverty declined to a large extent. Since then, the Vietnamese agricultural sector has also experienced high growth and impressive export achievements. The country changed from a food importer to one of the major exporters worldwide. The question... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policies; Markets; Free trade; Trade agreements; World Trade Organization; Poverty; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60456 |
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| Grant, Jason H.; Meilke, Karl D.. |
| The WTO negotiations broke down on July 30th, 2008 because members could not bridge their differences over the operation of a Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM). This article evaluates the latest SSM proposal using the world wheat market as our case study. Whether low-income WTO members should be allowed to breach their pre-Doha bound tariffs is a key element of our analysis. The SSM leads to sizeable additional duties but is not very trade distorting, even when pre-Doha bound rates are breached. Moreover, the extent to which low-income countries should be allowed to exceed pre-Doha bound rates depends heavily on the product under consideration, the ambition of the tariff cutting exercise, and the gap between members’ bound and applied tariffs. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Doha Development Agenda; July Package; Special Safeguard Mechanism; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50103 |
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| Goodloe, Carol. |
| The operations of the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB), a state trading enterprise, have generated controversy over the years, partly because of an alleged lack of transparency in its operations. This study examines one aspect of operations that is not well understood - the government guarantee of CWB borrowings and export credit sales. This special privilege allows the CWB to generate a "financial cushion", or non-market based revenue, that it can use to enhance returns to producers, discount export prices, or pay administrative expenses. Although recent WTO dispute settlement decisions concluded the CWB does not act inconsistently with some WTO rules, the July 31, 2004 WTO Doha Round framework agreement addresses these potential trade-distorting practices of... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Canadian Wheat Board; Financial cushion; State trading enterprise; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23899 |
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| Wailes, Eric J.; Fang, Cheng; Tuan, Francis C.. |
| China's agricultural trade expanded rapidly following economic reforms and the open-door policy adopted in the late 1970s. The composition of agricultural trade with China follows its labor-abundant and land-scarce resource endowment with imports of bulk and processed intermediates and exports of consumer-ready and processed goods. Constraints on U.S.-China agricultural trade include tariffs, state trading, food security policies, and other nontariff barriers. Growth potential is based on China's fundamental demand forces including the world's largest population, a high real-income growth rate, an emerging urban middle class, and further trade reforms to be implemented through accession to the World Trade Organization. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; China; Reform; Trade barriers; United States; World Trade Organization; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15092 |
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| Registros recuperados: 36 | |
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