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| Registros recuperados: 11.824 | |
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| Eastwood, David B.. |
| Complications have hampered the adoption of Universal Product Codes (UPCs) for fresh produce until recently. The data being collected using Bar Codes and Price Look-Up Codes (PLUs) have many applications. A case study of carrots demonstrates how analyses of scanning data can show the effects of new items on established products and the customer's willingness to pay for the new products. For precut and organic carrots in a Knoxville area supermarket chain, total carrot volume increased as the new products were introduced while regular (bunch) sales declined sharply. Consumers were willing to pay a premium for the convenience of precut products. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14339 |
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| Ilvento, Thomas W.; Loveridge, Scott. |
| This study used a telephone survey of coordinators of local Business Retention and Expansion Programs (BR&E). The focus of the of the study was to survey BR&E coordinators who conducted programs in the last five years to better understand the factors that lead the community and the coordinator to undertake a BR&E program. We used state program leaders to identify coordinators in six participating states: Kentucky, Maine, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, and West Virginia. The states represented programs that had a similar approach to BR&E in terms of a community approach which used volunteers by design. A total of 94 Coordinators were identified, and 80 responded to the survey during the summer and fall of 1998 (85% response rate). Of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15819 |
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| Boyd, James. |
| Financial responsibility rules are an increasingly common form of environmental regulation. Currently, the operators of landfills, underground petroleum storage tanks, offshore rigs, and oil tankers must demonstrate the existence of adequate levels of capital as a precondition to the legal operation of their businesses. Environmental financial responsibility ensures that firms possess the resources to compensate society for pollution costs created in the course of business operations. In addition to providing a source of funds for victim compensation and pollution remediation, financial responsibility is thought to motivate better decision-making, particularly regarding the management of long-term risks. This article describes both the promise of financial... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Financial responsibility; Environmental liability; Waste disposal; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; L51; K32. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10592 |
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| Wilson, James D.. |
| How "default options" should be used in health risk assessment divides the risk analysis profession. Some argue that these should be "hard": set by policy, generally biased to be "health protective" and requiring a substantial body of evidence to replace by decision-specific alternatives. Others argue that they should be science-based, identified by consensus of the professional community, replaced by whatever decision-specific information may be available to the analyst. This paper shows that both positions have validity, and that both are incomplete. Each kind of construct has a useful role to play, but in different kinds of decisions. Because the two are different, we suggest giving them different names, "default option" being assigned to the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk; Regulation; Decision making; Default options; EPA; FDA; Science; Policy; Public participation; Risk analysis; Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10712 |
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| Teng, Fei; Gu, Alun. |
| Climate Change poses a wide range of potentially very severe threats in China. This aggravates the existing vulnerability of China and is one of the big challenges faced by the Chinese government. Adaptation programmes and projects are being developed and implemented at national and local level. As China is engaged in heavy investment in infrastructure development as a consequence of the rapid process of development and urbanization, mainstreaming adaptation into such development process is a priority for China. China has also made positive contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions through participations in the CDM under the Kyoto Protocol framework. Although mitigation is not a priority at national or local level, it has been integrated into... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Local Policy; National Policy; Mitigation; Local Pollution; Environmental Economics and Policy; H7; Q54; Q56; O53. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9091 |
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| Murphy, James J.; Stranlund, John K.. |
| This paper uses laboratory experiments to test individual responses to policies that seek to encourage firms to voluntarily discover and disclose violations of environmental standards. We find that while it is possible to motivate a significant number of voluntary disclosures without adversely affecting environmental quality, this result is sensitive to both the fine for disclosed violations and the assumption that firms know their compliance status without cost. When firms have to expend resources to determine their compliance status, motivating a significant number of violation disclosures yields worse environmental quality. Finally, relative to conventional enforcement, disclosure polices will result in more violations being sanctioned, but fewer of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14519 |
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| Lambert, David K.; DeVuyst, Eric A.; Moss, Charles B.. |
| Scientific inquiry is increasing our knowledge of plant and animal genomics. The ability to specify heterogeneous production processes, to sort agricultural inputs by genotype, or to guide breeding programs to satisfy specific markets based on genetic expression may potentially increase producer and consumer benefits. This research develops a decision analysis framework to assess the expected value of genetic information. Expected returns are evaluated both in the presence of, and without, genetic trait information. Potential gains in the value of information can be quantified as research unravels the linkages between genetics and crop and animal performance and quality. An application to cattle feeding indicates potential gains to developing markets... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Value of information; Genetics; Livestock; Livestock Production/Industries. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23609 |
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| Johansson, Robert C.; Coggins, Jay S.; Senauer, Benjamin. |
| Higher union density (the percentage of employees in an area who belong to unions) is known to raise the wages of union members. We find that in the supermarket industry, higher density locally also leads to higher wages for non-union members. Despite this, workers who are not in unions lose ground relative to union members. For a 10% increase in local union densities in the supermarket industry it is estimated that the wages of union employees in that labor market will increase by 5.3% and by 1.2% for nonunion. Hence, the union wage premium will increase in regions with higher union densities. At the time of the last national examination of the retail industry in 1977, union influence in the retail food industry was near its peak. Subsequently union... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14313 |
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| Gounder, Rukmani. |
| As diversity is the strength for economic growth quality domestic institutions and good governance are some of the essential factors to achieve sustainable growth and maintain social stability and harmony. Therefore, necessary social, economic, political and institutional dynamics contribute to higher growth prospects and mitigate conflict in a multi-cultural society. Since the 1987 military coups some of the issues that have confronted the people of Fiji, and others, co-integrate with ethnicity, political instability, conflict and governance. This article links these issues and evaluates the characteristics and factors associated with the dimensions of conflict. In particular, the study highlights the nature and impact of conflict on the civil society and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Conflict; Aid; Donor Approaches; Fiji; International Development. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23699 |
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| Dean, Judith M.; Lovely, Mary E.; Wang, Hua. |
| One of the most contentious debates today is whether pollution-intensive industries seek locations with weak environmental standards, turning these locations into 'pollution havens." Empirical studies to date show little evidence to support the pollution haven hypothesis, but suffer potentially from omitted variable bias, specification, and measurement errors. This paper estimates the strength of pollution-haven behavior by examining the location choices of equity joint venture (EJV) projects in China. We derive a location choice model from a theoretical framework that incorporates the firm's production and abatement decision, agglomeration and factor abundance. We estimate conditional logit and nested multinomial logit models using new data sets... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15854 |
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| Alberini, Anna; Chiabai, Aline. |
| We use data from a survey of residents of five Italian cities conducted in late Spring 2004 to estimate the discount rates implicit in (a) money v. future risk reductions and (b) money v. money tradeoffs. We find that the mean personal discount rate is 2% in (a) and 8.7% in (b). The latter is lower than the discount rates estimated in comparable situations in many recent studies, greater than market interest rates in Italy at the time, and exhibits modest variation with age and gender. The discount rate implicit in money v. risk tradeoffs is in line with estimates from studies in the US and Europe, and does not depend on observable individual characteristics. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12209 |
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| Registros recuperados: 11.824 | |
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