SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

This paper presents and discusses an integrated set of policies designed to reduce U.S. carbon emissions over the next four decades. This innovation path also aims to promote environmental quality, particularly by reducing emissions of criteria air pollutants, to reduce U.S. dependence on imported oil, and to induce technological innovation and diffusion in energy production and consumption. The innovation path would reduce economy-wide carbon emissions by 26% below baseline projections for 2010 and by 62% below baseline projections for 2030; this translates into 10% below 1990 levels in 2010 and 45% below 1990 levels in 2030. Emissions of criteria pollutants also would be significantly reduced, as would petroleum imports by the United States. Moreover,...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Air pollutants; Carbon emissions; Climate change policy; Costs and benefits; Innovation path analysis; U.S. economy..

Ano: 1998

In Situ Behavioral Response of Common Loons Associated with Elevated Mercury (Hg) Exposure

Ecology and Society

Nocera, Joseph J; Acadia University; 023758n@acadiau.ca; Taylor, Philip D; Acadia University; ptaylor@resalliance.org.

Common Loons (Gavia immer) in Nova Scotia, Canada have the highest blood mercury (Hg) concentrations of any loon population in North America. Previous studies have shown that exposure to varying levels of Hg in prey is associated with changes in pre-nesting adult behavior. We report here the first association of sublethal blood Hg contamination with changes in behavior of Common Loon young. As Hg levels in their blood rise, the amount of time that chicks spend brooding (by back-riding) decreases (P = 0.004) and time spent preening increases (P = 0.003). The sum increase in energy expenditure is not being compensated for with expected increases in feeding rates or begging. We suggest that such altered time-activity budgets may disrupt the energetic balance...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Behavioral toxicology; Common loon behavior; Gavia immer; Kejimkujik National Park; Nova Scotia; Canada; Mercury; Neurotoxicity; Southwestern New Brunswick; Sub-lethal exposure; Time-activity budgets..

Ano: 1998

Monitoring Impacts of Natural Resource Extraction on Lemurs of the Masoala Peninsula, Madagascar

Ecology and Society

Merenlender, Adina; University of California, Berkeley; adina@nature.berkeley.edu; Kremen, Claire; Center for Conservation Biology and Wildlife Conservation Society; ckremen@leland.Stanford.EDU; Rakotondratsima, Marius; Wildlife Conservation Society, Madagascar; mphrl@ukc.ac.uk; Weiss, Andrew; Center for Conservation Biology; aweiss@bing.stanford.edu.

Monitoring the influence of human actions on flagship species is an important part of conserving biodiversity, because the information gained is crucial for the development and adaptation of conservation management plans. On the Masoala Peninsula in Madagascar, we are monitoring the two largest prosimian species, Eulemur fulvus albifrons and Varecia variegata rubra, at disturbed and undisturbed forest sites to determine if extraction of forest resources has a significant impact on the population viability of these species. To test the sensitivity of lemur species to routine extraction of natural resources by local villagers, we compared population demography and density for both species across six study sites, using a new census technique. Three of the...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Buffer zone; Census techniques; Conservation; Eulemur fulvus albifrons; GIS; Lemurs; Madagascar; National park; Natural resource extraction; Primate; Protected area management; Varecia variegata rubra.

Ano: 1998

Big Problems, Small Science

Ecology and Society

Houlahan, Jeff; University of Ottawa; jeffhoul@science.uottawa.ca.

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Ano: 1998

Winter Responses of Forest Birds to Habitat Corridors and Gaps

Ecology and Society

St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca; Hannon, Susan; University of Alberta; Sue.Hannon@ualberta.ca.

Forest fragmentation and habitat loss may disrupt the movement or dispersal of forest-dwelling birds. Despite much interest in the severity of these effects and ways of mitigating them, little is known about actual movement patterns in different habitat types. We studied the movement of wintering resident birds, lured by playbacks of mobbing calls, to compare the willingness of forest birds to travel various distances in continuous forest, along narrow corridors (fencerows), and across gaps in forest cover. We also quantified the willingness of Black-capped Chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) to cross gaps when alternative forested detour routes were available. All species were less likely to respond to the calls as distance increased to 200 m, although...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Black-capped Chickadee; Corridor; Detour trials; Dispersal; Downy Woodpecker; Forest fragmentation; Gap width; Hairy Woodpecker; Movement; Poecile atricapillus; Picoides pubescens; Picoides villosus; Sitta carolinensis; White-breasted Nuthatch..

Ano: 1998

Bridging the Gap Between Economics and Ecology

Ecology and Society

Leefers, Larry; Michigan State University; leefers@pilot.msu.edu; Castillo, Gem; Michigan State University; Castil16@pilot.msu.edu.

Economics and ecology are often presented as opposing disciplines. Both fields have strengths and weaknesses. A new transdisciplinary field, ecological economics, attempts to bring together the strengths of both disciplines with a vision for a sustainable future. In this paper, we focus on one particular concept championed by ecological economists, natural capital. In particular, our interest is on the institutionalization of this concept through the United Nation's Satellite System for Integrated Environmental and Economic Accounting (SEEA). SEEA is an international convention that incorporates natural resource accounting as a complement to the traditional System of National Accounts (SNA). In the case of boreal forests, the stocks and flows of forest...

Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports

Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; Circumpolar resources; Degradation; Depletion; Ecological economics; Michigan; Natural capital; Natural resources accounting; SEEA; Sustainability; United Nations Environment Programme; World Bank..

Ano: 1998

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