Data/hora: 11/06/2024 07:07:02

Provedor de dados: | 5
País: | France
Título: | Evaluation du taux de survie des captures indésirées de langoustines "Nephrops norvegicus" pêchées au chalut de fond dans le golfe de Gascocgne
Autores: | Merillet, Laurene; Kopp, Dorothee; Morandeau, Fabien; Mehault, Sonia; Rimaud, Thomas; Piton, C.
Data: | 2017-01
Ano: | 2017
Resumo: | In the context of the reform of the Common Fishing Policy (CFP) undertaken by the European Union and implemented since 1st January 2014, the discarding of unwanted catches will gradually be forbidden. Article 15 of the CFP lays down a landing obligation for all species subject to European quotas and will come into force between 2015 and 2019 according to the species and the zones. The Regulation allows several exemptions including one for "species for which scientific proof shows high survival rates, due to the characteristics of the fishing gear, the fishing methods and the ecosystem" (EU Regulation No. 1380/2013). In particular, Nephrops were identified by the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) as one of the species having the potential for a high survival rate (Workshop on Methods for Estimating Discard Survival - WKMEDS, ICES 2015). In addition to the Total Allowable Catches (TAC) defined at European level, the Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay is managed by a system of licenses, the national fishing licenses (ANP), the contingent of which is set at 232 ships. In recent years, approximately 200 licenses have been granted. The ships are between 9 and 20.8m in length with an average length of around 15m. The use of this license is conditional on different management measures including: (1) the use of a square mesh panel for hake, (2) a selective device for Nephrops, (3) a chute system allowing the rapid release of unwanted Nephrops catches and (4) a minimum landing size of 27mm (carapace length) which is greater than the European minimum size. 25 French ports are involved in this fishery. The ICES assessment estimates that the rate of exploitation is less than FMSY Proxy (ICES, 2016). In 2015, ICES assessed the quantity of Nephrops landed at 3659t (ICES, 2016). The majority of catches takes place between March and September. When the ships are engaged in Nephrops fishing, this constitutes the main component of their catches (54%) according to Cornou et al. (2015). The global discard rate varies according to the year but is approximately 50%. Discards are mainly made up of Nephrops and hake (more than 50% of the total quantity of discards). In 2014, 29.2% of Nephrops caught were discarded (Cornou et al. 2015). A recent study of the survival of discarded Nephrops in this fishery found the average rate of survival between 42% and 60% (Méhault et al. 2016). The duration of this study (3 days) was not however considered to be sufficient by the Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF) to define a reliable mortality rate as its stabilisation over time could not be demonstrated. On the basis of these results, the European Commission granted a temporary exemption for the landing obligation of unwanted catches of Nephrops in ICES zones VIII and IX for 2016 (EU delegated regulation No. 2015/2439) and for 2017 (EU delegated regulation No. 2016/2374). A new request for an exemption may be considered providing new scientific and technical data relating to the survival of Nephrops. Furthermore, in order to renew the exemption for 2017, the European Commission recommended that "the necessary measures to increase the survival of Nephrops be taken onboard the ships". In response to this recommendation, the professional fishermen in the Bay of Biscay have put forward a chute system implemented during the sorting process in order to reduce crushing and Nephrops time exposure to air. Equipping ships with these chute 5 systems will become mandatory from 1st January 2017 under the terms of the Order of 27 May 2016 (MEEDE 2016). This study is part of the SURTINE project, sponsored by the Association du Grand Littoral Atlantique (AGLIA) in scientific partnership with the Institut Français de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER) in Lorient. In light of these new obligations and of the European Commission and WKMEDS' recommendations, this study proposes to reassess the survival rate of Nephrops discarded by the Nephrops fishery in the Bay of Biscay, based on monitoring data over a longer period than the previous studies in the area. The sampling protocol and the range of variables observed ensure that our study is representative of this fishery. Based on Valentinsson &amp; Nilsson (2015), the study was carried out in captivity in onshore tanks to assess the vitality of the Nephrops on a daily basis until long-term stabilisation of the survival rate is reached (ICES 2015). For the first time, the sampling protocol made it possible to assess the survival rate for 2 different sorting methods: (1) standard method of releasing discards at the end of the sorting process and (2) removing the discards gradually during the sorting process using a chute system. The samples were taken at 3 periods of the 2016 fishing season (spring, summer and autumn) to ensure they were representative of the different conditions encountered.
Tipo: | Text
Idioma: | Francês

Identificador:

http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00378/48953/49357.pdf

http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00378/48953/49358.pdf

http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00378/48953/

Formato: | application/pdf

Fonte:

2017 Ifremer

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