Consulta: creatorFacets:"Davis,   Benjamin"
Registros recuperados: 22
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 13:00:25

The Lure of Tequila and the Bestowing of Motherly Love: Does it Matter Whether Public Cash Transfers are Given to Women or Men? Evidence from the PROGRESA and PROCAMPO Programs in Rural Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Benjamin; Handa,   Sudhanshu; Stampini,   Marco; Winters,   Paul C.
This paper aims at evaluating the impact of two different cash transfer programs in rural Mexico - Procampo and Progresa - on total consumption, food consumption and other outcomes like investment, schooling and health care. Progresa is targeted to women, while Procampo goes to farmers, mostly men and many of which are poor. We show that both programs boost consumption. However, they obtain this effect through different channels. Progresa is destined to consumption expenditure directly, while Procampo, which is paid to landholders, boosts investments and needs time to produce its benefits. Furthermore, we separate program from gender effects and show that cash transfer programs targeted to men are beneficial only when the recipients own means of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Gender effect; Program effect; Rural poverty; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24836

Disaggregating Mexican Migrant Networks: The Parts are Greater Than the Whole
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Stecklov,   Guy; Davis,   Benjamin.
In this paper, we explore the role of social networks in the migration decision focusing on the distinct influence networks have on domestic and international migration. The analysis focuses particular attention on the composition of migrant networks in order to improve our understanding of how network composition influences the migration decision. Using data from rural Mexico, we consider migration in a multiple choice context allowing for the possibility that individuals can migrate within Mexico for agricultural and non-agricultural employment as well as to the United States. Our principle result is that the parts are greater than the whole; using disaggregated measures of social networks highlights the complexity of network effects on migration...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Networks; Mexico; Network composition; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12952

Will Buying Tropical Forest Carbon Benefit The Poor? Evidence from Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Lipper,   Leslie; Pfaff,   Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Hendy,   Joanna; Sanchez,   Arturo.
We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century  using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty. However, we find poorer areas are less responsive to returns. This and  transaction costs could lead carbon payments policies not to be focused upon the poor. Other practical considerations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56; Q31.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23807

POLICY REFORMS AND POVERTY IN THE MEXICAN EJIDO SECTOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Benjamin; de Janvry,   Alain; Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; Diehl,   Todd.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16791

Monitoring Poverty without Consumption Data: an Application Using the Albania Panel Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azzarri,   Carlo; Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Zezza,   Alberto.
In developing countries poverty is generally measured with expenditure data. Such data are difficult and costly to obtain and it is generally recommended to collect them every 3-5 years. In between surveys, however, there is a clear need to provide policymakers with information for the monitoring of poverty trends. The paper reviews several such methods and compares the poverty estimates and trends resulting from their application to a panel dataset for Albania. The results are broadly consistent across methods and point to an overall improvement in welfare conditions over time, although the magnitude of the changes differs by locale, with urban areas showing a larger improvement than their rural counterparts.  However, given the sensitivity of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Welfare; Asset index; Poverty measurement; Poverty monitoring.; Food Security and Poverty; O12; O18; O47; R11.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23809

Effects of Poverty on Deforestation: Distinguishing Behavior from Location
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kerr,   Suzi; Pfaff,   Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Lipper,   Leslie; Sanchez,   Arturo; Timmins,   Jason.
We summarize existing theoretical claims linking poverty to rates of deforestation and then examine this linkage empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century  using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. Our data facilitate an empirical analysis of the implications for deforestation of where the poor live. Without controlling for this, impacts of poverty per se are confounded by richer areas being different from the areas inhabited by the poor, who we expect to find on more marginal lands, for instance less profitable lands.  Controlling for locations' characteristics, we find that poorer areas are cleared more rapidly.  This result suggests that poverty reduction aids forest conservation.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Food Security and Poverty; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23792

AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF PROGRESA CASH PAYMENTS ON PRIVATE INTERHOUSEHOLD TRANSFERS: FINAL REPORT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teruel,   Graciela; Davis,   Benjamin.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16012

Estimating Poverty Over Time and Space: Construction of a Time-Variant Poverty Index for Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cavatassi,   Romina; Davis,   Benjamin; Lipper,   Leslie.
This paper presents the construction of a spatially explicit, nationally disaggregated measure of poverty over time in Costa Rica. The paper first describes the two possible methods considered for the construction of a poverty map: principal component analysis (PCA) versus small area estimation. Next, reasons for choosing PCA and a description of its application both at one point in time (1973) and over time are presented together with the resulting poverty maps. The methodology applied represents a methodological innovation in that the resulting poverty map is time variant rather than concentrated in a single moment in time. A comparison of the results obtainable using various techniques and a discussion on the relative merits of the various options...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty Mapping; Principal Component Analysis; Time-variant Poverty Index; Small-area Estimation.; Food Security and Poverty; C43; I32; C31.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23791

The Vanishing Farms? The Impact of International Migration on Albanian Family Farming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Miluka,   Juna; Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Zezza,   Alberto.
Taking advantage of new data on a high migration country, the main goal of this paper is to investigate the impact of migration on resource allocation to, and income from, agricultural production of farm households. The main channels through which these impacts can be expected to materialize are via the allocation of labor and capital resources of the households, as modified by the loss of ‘"resident"’ family workforce to migration and the gain in access to working capital or credit made possible by the inflow of remittances or simply by an improved economic and financial status of the household associated with migration. Our results suggest that migration of one or more household members is being used by rural households in Albania as part of a strategy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9406

Gender, Networks and Mexico-U.S. Migration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin.
In this paper, we examine whether the causes and patterns of Mexican rural female migration differ significantly from rural male migration. A number of hypotheses are discussed to explain why female migration may differ from male migration, with a particular emphasis on the role of migrant networks. Using data from a national survey of rural Mexican households in the ejido sector, significant differences between the determinants of male and female migration are found. While evidence suggests that networks play an important role in female migration, we find that, contrary to case study evidence, female networks are not more influential than male networks in female migration. In fact, female and male networks are found to be substitutes, suggesting they...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Networks; Gender; Mexico; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12901

CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS WITH INCOME MULTIPLIERS:PROMCAMPO IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain; Davis,   Benjamin.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15942

Choosing to Migrate or Migrating to Choose: Migration and Labor Choice in Albania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Azzarri,   Carlo; Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Zezza,   Alberto.
Very little systematic analysis exists of the income generating strategies of Albanian households within the emerging market economy, and how this relates to income dynamics, people's mobility and poverty. Our results show that agricultural, migration and human capital assets have a differential impact across livelihood choices, and that this impact varies by gender and age. Two areas of policy concern derive from this analysis. First, migration is clearly crucial for the economic future of Albania, both in terms of financing economic development, serving as an informal safety net, and in reducing excess labour supply and poverty. The suggestion of a potential disincentive effect on labour effort and participation is however worrying, as it would have...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25538

Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Stampini,   Marco; Trento,   Stefano; Zezza,   Alberto.
Using evidence from two recent data sources – the 2002 Albania Living Standards Measurement Survey (LSMS) and the 2001 Population Census of Albania – the paper documents the phenomena of internal and external migration in Albania, a country that in the past decade has experienced dramatic changes as it makes its transition to a more open market economy.  Albania is a country on the move, both internally and internationally. This mobility plays a key role in household-level strategies to cope with the economic hardship of transition and it is perhaps the single most important political, social, and economic phenomenon in post-communist Albania.  The order of magnitude of the observed flows is astonishing.  Almost one half of all Albanian households have had...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Albania; Migration Networks; Remittances; Coping Strategies.; Labor and Human Capital; F22; N34; O15; P2; R23.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23797

Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Balmann,   Alfons; Curtiss,   Jarmila; Dautzenberg,   Kirsti; Happe,   Kathrin; Huang,   Jikun; Swinnen,   Johan F.M.; Rozelle,   Scott; Sedik,   David J.; Ciaian,   Pavel; Vranken,   Liesbet; Doitchinova,   Julia M.; Kanchev,   Ivan; Miteva,   Albena; Bachev,   Hrabrin Ianouchev; Forgacs,   Csaba; Guo,   Hongdong; Ferto,   Imre; Jolly,   Robert W.; Zhu,   Jianhua; Falkowski,   Jan; Milczarek,   Dominika; Peyerl,   Hermann; Breuer,   Gunter; Danilowska,   Alina; Zawojska,   Aldona; Ramanovich,   Mikhail; Hemme,   Torsten; Mirzaei,   Farhad; Heidelbach,   Olaf; Balkhausen,   Oliver; Banse,   Martin; Perekhozhuk,   Oleksandr; Grings,   Michael; Luka,   Oksana; Epstein,   David B.; Naydenov,   Nikolay; Sauer,   Johannes; Balint,   Borbala; Il'ina,   Natalia; Svetlov,   Nikolai M.; Weitzel,   Enno-Burghard; Bayaner,   Ahmet; Bakucs,   Lajos Zoltan; Hockmann,   Heinrich; Cechura,   Lukas; Herzfeld,   Thomas; Glauben,   Thomas; Azzarri,   Carlo; Carletto,   Calogero; Davis,   Benjamin; Zezza,   Alberto; Nivievskyi,   Oleg; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan; Newton,   Claire; Bednarikova,   Zuzana; Doucha,   Tomas; Travnicek,   Zdenek; Fock,   Theodor.
Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmers’ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93012

TARGETING THE POOR IN MEXICO: AN EVALUATION OF THE SELECTION OF HOUSEHOLDS FOR PROGRESA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel; Davis,   Benjamin; de la Vega,   Sergio.
This report reevaluates PROGRESA’s targeting methods since the program began adding beneficiary households through a process called “densification.” The authors first evaluate PROGRESA’s accuracy in targeting both at the community and household levels. Second, they evaluate the targeting in terms of its impact on poverty alleviation relative to other feasible methods assuming the same total budget. The first step is accomplished by comparing PROGRESA’s method to an alternative selection method based on household consumption. For the second task, the costs associated with different schemes are compared for their effects on the budget available for poverty alleviation. Schemes considered include uniform transfers that involve no targeting, targeting based on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16463

Assets, Activities and Income Generation in Rural Mexico: Factoring in Social and Public Capital
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin; Corral,   Leonardo.
In recent years, there has been increasing emphasis in the rural development literature on the multiple income-generating activities undertaken by rural households and the importance of assets in determining the capacity to undertake these activities.  Controlling for endogeneity choice and applying Lee's generalization of Amemiya's two-step estimator to a simultaneous equation model, household returns to assets from multiple activities are explored for the Mexico ejido sector. To incorporate the multiple variables representing social and public capital into the analysis, factor analysis is used. The results indicate that the asset position of the household has a significant effect on household participation in income generating activities and returns to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Mexico; Social capital; Public capital; Agricultural households; Censored regression; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12898

Rural Income Generating Activities: A Cross Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Benjamin; Covarrubias,   Katia; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Winters,   Paul C.; Carletto,   Calogero; Quinones,   Esteban; Zezza,   Alberto; Di Giuseppe,   Stefania.
This paper uses a newly constructed cross country database composed of comparable variables and aggregates from household surveys to examine the full range of income generating activities carried out by rural households in order to determine: 1) the relative importance of the gamut of income generating activities in general and across wealth categories; 2), the relative importance of diversification versus specialization at the household level; and 3) the influence of rural income generating activities on poverty and inequality. Analysis of the RIGA cross country dataset paints a clear picture of multiple activities across rural space and diversification across rural households. This is true across countries in all four continents, though less so in the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7913

Rural Income Generating Activities in Developing Countries: Re-assessing the Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Gero; Covarrubias,   Katia; Davis,   Benjamin; Krausova,   Marika; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Winters,   Paul C.; Zezza,   Alberto.
This paper contributes to the understanding of the dynamics of developing country rural labour markets by re-evaluating the available evidence on the levels and composition of income sources adopted by rural households in order to understand the relationship between the various economic activities taking place in rural areas and their implications for economic growth and poverty reduction. This is achieved in two parts: First, the paper introduces the Rural Income Generating Activities (RIGA) database, a newly constructed FAO repository of household survey data, income measures and cross-country comparable indicators. Second, using the RIGA database, the paper undertakes a descriptive analysis of the agricultural and non-agricultural sectors of the rural...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Rural economy; Non-farm activities; Income inequality; Income diversification; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; O12; O18; R23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112596

CASH TRANSFER PROGRAMS WITH INCOME MULTIPLIERS: PROCAMPO IN MEXICO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sadoulet,   Elisabeth; de Janvry,   Alain; Davis,   Benjamin.
Cash transfer programs induce multiplier effects when recipients put the money they receive to work to generate additional income. The ultimate income effects are multiples of the amounts transferred. This paper analyzes the PROCAMPO program in Mexico, which was introduced to compensate farmers for the anticipated negative effect of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) on the price of basic crops. The transfer rules and the timing of the panel data collected allow unique control of biases in this impact analysis. We find that the multiplier among ejido sector recipients is in the range of 1.5 to 2.6. Multipliers are higher for medium and large farm households, low numbers of adults in the household, nonindigenous backgrounds, and households...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16402

Non-Traditional Exports, Traditional Constraints: The Adoption and Diffusion of Cash Crops among Smallholders in Guatemala
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carletto,   Calogero; Kirk,   Angeli; Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin.
More than two decades after non-traditional export crops (NTXs) were introduced to the central highlands of Guatemala to link farmers to global markets and foster rural development, this study uses duration analysis to explore how time-varying household characteristics and external trends play into both the adoption and diffusion processes of NTX among smallholders. Adoption was widespread and rapid, which led the project to be hailed as a pro-poor success, reaching all but the smallest landholders. Potential benefits of NTXs have proven to be high, but constraints to sustained adoption also numerous, particularly in the second decade of the period considered. Over time, more than two-thirds of adopters eventually dropped out, reverting back to more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7962

The Impact of Rising Food Prices on the Poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Alberto; Davis,   Benjamin; Azzarri,   Carlo; Covarrubias,   Katia; Tasciotti,   Luca; Anriquez,   Gustavo.
This paper analyzes the household level impact of an increase in price of major tradable staple foods in a cross section of developing countries, using nationally representative household surveys. We find that, in the short term, poorer households and households with limited asset endowments and access to agricultural inputs will be hit the hardest by the price shock.  Given the ample degree of heterogeneity among households and among the poor, the analysis emphasizes the importance of meaningful policy research to go beyond average impacts to look at how access to assets and inputs, livelihood strategies and other key household characteristics drive the magnitude and distribution of the effects of the price increases.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Poverty; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; I3; O12; Q1.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51696

Rural Household Access to Assets and Agrarian Institutions: A Cross Country Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zezza,   Alberto; Winters,   Paul C.; Davis,   Benjamin; Carletto,   Calogero; Covarrubias,   Katia; Quinones,   Esteban; Stamoulis,   Kostas G.; Di Giuseppe,   Stefania.
Agriculture is at the core of the livelihoods of a large share of rural households throughout the developing world. Agricultural growth is a major engine for overall economic growth and possibly the single most important pathway out of poverty in the rural space. This paper characterizes household access to assets and agrarian institutions of households engaged in agricultural activities in a sample of developing countries. The evidence presented in the paper draws from 15 nationally representative household surveys from four regions of the developing world. We find that the access of rural households to a range of agricultural-specific assets (including land and livestock) and institutions is in general low, though highly heterogeneous across countries,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non farm; Assets; Agrarian institutions; Household surveys; Consumer/Household Economics; O13; O57; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7925