Consulta: creatorFacets:"Heisey,   Paul W."
Registros recuperados: 22
Data/hora: 16/06/2024 20:08:10

PRACTICAL CHALLENGES TO ESTIMATING THE BENEFITS OF AGRICULTURAL R&amp;D: THE CASE OF PLANT BREEDING RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Morris,   Michael L.
Interest in the economics of plant breeding first emerged during the late 1960s and early 1970s following the well-known green revolutions in wheat and rice.  Since that time, few branches of agricultural research have been subjected to as much scrutiny as plant breeding.  Impacts assessment studies consistently conclude that the economic benefits generated by successful plant breeding programs are large, positive, and widely distributed. Case studies repeatedly find that investment in crop genetic improvement generates attractive rates of return compared to alternative investment opportunities. Similarly, case studies consistently show that the welfare benefits resulting from the adoption of modern varieties (MVs) are broadly shared by producers and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19828

Fertilizer Use and Maize Production in Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Mwangi,   Wilfred.
In sub-Saharan Africa, greater use of mineral fertilizers is crucial to increasing food production and slowing the rate of environmental degradation. Regional growth rates in fertilizer consumption have never been particularly high, in part because the real price of fertilizer is higher in Africa than in many other developing regions. As subsidies have been removed and exchange-rate distortions corrected over the past decade or more, relative prices paid by farmers have risen to reflect more closely the economic cost of fertilizer. Consumption growth has thus slowed even more.  Nonetheless, during the period of declining growth in consumption, fertilizer use on cereals, particularly maize, has become relatively more important than use on cash crops....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7688

ECONOMIC ISSUES IN AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Harwood,   Joy L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Dunahay,   Terry; Heisey,   Paul W.; Hoffman,   Linwood A.; Klotz-Ingram,   Cassandra; Lin,   William W.; Mitchell,   Lorraine; McBride,   William D.; Fernandez-Cornejo,   Jorge.
Agricultural biotechnology has been advancing very rapidly, and while it presents many promises, it also poses as many questions. Many dimensions to agricultural biotechnology need to be considered to adequately inform public policy. Policy is made more difficult by the fact that agricultural biotechnology encompasses many policy issues addressed in very different ways. We have identified several key areas — agricultural research policy, industry structure, production and marketing, consumer issues, and future world food demand — where agricultural biotechnology is dramatically affecting the public policy agenda. This report focuses on the economic aspects of these issues and addresses some current and timely issues as well as longer term issues.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Economics; Adoption; Patents; Research policy; Markets; Market segmentation; Identity preservation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33735

Agricultural Research and Development, Agricultural Productivity, and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33685

Economic Returns to Public Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Over the last several decades, the U.S. agricultural sector has sustained impressive productivity growth. The Nation's agricultural research system, including Federal-State public research as well as private-sector research, has been a key driver of this growth. Economic analysis finds strong and consistent evidence that investment in agricultural research has yielded high returns per dollar spent. These returns include benefits not only to the farm sector but also to the food industry and consumers in the form of more abundant commodities at lower prices.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Technology; Total factor productivity; TFP; Research investments; Food; Input; Output; Crop yield; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Public spending; Private sector research; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6388

COMPETITIVE GRANTS AND THE FUNDING OF AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH IN THE U.S.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Heisey,   Paul W.; Klotz-Ingram,   Cassandra; Frisvold,   George B.
To increase the efficiency of the public agricultural R&amp;D system, expanded use of competitive grants to fund state institutions has been advocated.  This paper characterizes different funding instruments and empirically assesses the effects of changes in mechanism use.  Factors associated with greater levels of competitive grants are modeled.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21863

Assessing the Benefits of Public Research Within an Economic Framework:  The Case of USDA's Agricultural Research Service
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; King,   John L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Bucks,   Dale A.; Welsh,   Rick.
Evaluation of publicly funded research can help provide accountability and prioritize programs. In addition, Federal intramural research planning generally involves an institutional assessment of the appropriate Federal role, if any, and whether the research should be left to others, such as universities or the private sector. Many methods of evaluation are available, peer review—used primarily for establishing scientific merit—being the most common. Economic analysis focuses on quantifying ultimate research outcomes, whether measured in goods with market prices or in nonmarket goods such as environmental quality or human health. However, standard economic techniques may not be amenable for evaluating some important public research priorities or for...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Research Service; Federal intramural research; Publicly funded research; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94852

Is the Share of Agricultural Maintenance Research Rising?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sparger,   John Adam; Heisey,   Paul W.; Alwang,   Jeffrey Roger; Norton,   George W.
This study measures the amount of agricultural research engaged in maintenance research for commodities and non-commodities.  The percentage of commodity based maintenance research has risen from roughly 35% in 1986 to 41% in 2008.  The percentage of non-commodity based agricultural research is roughly 29%.  Additionally, an empirical model is developed to explain maintenance research expenditures.  The influences of agricultural research funding, climatic conditions, pest and pathogen control, and agricultural production on maintenance research expenditures are tested in the long and short run.  Each category has a statistically significant impact on maintenance research expenditures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Maintenance research; Research depreciation; Agricultural research; Total factor productivity; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61302

GOVERNMENT PATENTING AND TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; King,   John L.
Intellectual property rights such as patents protect new inventions from imitation and competition. Patents' major objective is to provide incentives for invention, sacrificing short-term market efficiency for long-term economic gains. Although patents are primarily granted to private firms, policy changes over the last 25 years have resulted in greater use of patenting by the public sector. This study examines government patenting behavior by analyzing case studies of patenting and licensing by the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. ARS uses patenting and licensing as a means of technology transfer in cases in which a technology requires additional development by a private sector partner to yield a marketable...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Patents; Licenses; Intellectual property rights; Technology transfer; Agricultural Research Service; Agricultural research and development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33597

Public Research Yields High Returns... Measured in More Than Dollars
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; King,   John L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.
Well-established quantitative approaches find that in the aggregate, public investments in agricultural research yield high returns and spur growth in agricultural productivity. Standard economic approaches may be difficult to apply to evaluations of some research benefits and may not help in gauging important steps necessary to positive research outcomes. In these more difficult cases, economic reasoning can provide qualitative analysis even when quantitative estimates of benefits are intractable.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121098

Crop Genetic Resources:  An Economic Appraisal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Heisey,   Paul W.; Shoemaker,   Robbin A.; Sullivan,   John; Frisvold,   George B.
Crop genetic resources are the basis of agricultural production, and significant economic benefits have resulted from their conservation and use. However, crop genetic resources are largely public goods, so private incentives for genetic resource conservation may fall short of achieving public objectives. Within the U.S. germplasm system, certain crop collections lack sufficient diversity to reduce vulnerability to pests and diseases. Many such genetic resources lie outside the United States. This report examines the role of genetic resources, genetic diversity, and efforts to value genetic resources. The report also evaluates economic and institutional factors influencing the flow of genetic resources, including international agreements, and their...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Genetic diversity; Germplasm; R&amp;D; International transfer of genetic resources; In situ conservation; Ex situ conservation; Gene banks; Intellectual property.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59388

Sources of Productivity Growth in Wheat: A Review of Recent Performance and Medium- to Long-Term Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rejesus,   Roderick M.; Heisey,   Paul W.; Smale,   Melinda.
Sources of yield growth in wheat are investigated based on a stylized framework of technical change. Evidence suggests that the relative contribution of input intensification to yield growth has diminished in recent years and is likely to continue to decline in the future. One potential source of yield growth in wheat during the medium to long term is improved efficiency of input use, rather than input intensification, through sustainable wheat production practices rather than pure input increases. Other large gains could be made with continuous adoption of newer and better modern varieties based on advances in wheat breeding. Wide crossing and biotechnology could improve the stability of wheat yields in the intermediate term; their long-term impact on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7693

CIMMYT 1997/98 WORLD MAIZE FACTS AND TRENDS; MAIZE PRODUCTION IN DROUGHT-STRESSED ENVIRONMENTS: TECHNICAL OPTIONS AND RESEARCH RESOURCE ALLOCATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Edmeades,   Gregory O.
This publication, through its focus on maize production in drought stressed areas of developing countries, explores economic, research, and policy issues related to maize agriculture in marginal areas of the developing world generally. Key questions in the debate over agriculture in marginal vs. favorable production areas are reviewed with a focus on maize. Questions include whether maize production is expanding into marginal areas, if production from such areas is necessary to meet future demand, and what is the relationship between marginal production environments and poverty. Different research resource allocations (leading to technological change) are modeled to compare gains and losses to producers and consumers in marginal, favorable, and urban areas...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9369

The Evolving Public Agricultural Research Portfolio
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schimmelpfennig,   David E.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124078

Agricultural Research Sustains Productivity Growth and Earns High Returns
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124002

Science, Technology, and Prospects for Growth in U.S. Corn Yields
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.
Investment in scientific research is key for boosting corn yields, making productivity, environmental, and bioenergy goals easier to attain.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122557

Impacts of International Wheat Breeding Research in Developing Countries, 1966-97
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heisey,   Paul W.; Lantican,   Maximina A.; Dubin,   H. Jesse.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7653

Research Investments and Market Structure in the Food Processing, Agricultural Input, and Biofuel Industries Worldwide
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Heisey,   Paul W.; King,   John L.; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Schimmelpfennig,   David E.; Wang,   Sun Ling.
Meeting growing global demand for food, fiber, and biofuel requires robust investment in agricultural research and development (R&amp;D) from both public and private sectors. This study examines global R&amp;D spending by private industry in seven agricultural input sectors, food manufacturing, and biofuel and describes the changing structure of these industries. In 2007 (the latest year for which comprehensive estimates are available), the private sector spent $19.7 billion on food and agricultural research (56 percent in food manufacturing and 44 percent in agricultural input sectors) and accounted for about half of total public and private spending on food and agricultural R&amp;D in high-income countries. In R&amp;D related to biofuel, annual...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biotechnology; Agricultural chemicals; Agricultural inputs; Animal breeding; Animal health; Animal nutrition; Aquaculture; Biofuel; Concentration ratio; Crop breeding; Crop protection; Farm machinery; Fertilizers; Herfindahl index; Globalization; Market share; Market structure; Research intensity; Seed improvement; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120324

The Contribution of Genetic Resources and Diversity to Wheat Productivity: A Case from the Punjab of Pakistan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hartell,   Jason G.; Smale,   Melinda; Heisey,   Paul W.; Senauer,   Benjamin.
This study makes use of data on wheat production in the Punjab of Pakistan from 1979 to 1985 to 1) examine patterns of varietal diversity in farmers' fields both at the regional and district levels and 2) identify how and in what ways genetic resources have contributed to wheat productivity and yield stability-important considerations to farmers and national authorities where wheat is a staple food crop. Five indicators are used to describe the system of wheat genetic resource use and diversity in farmers' fields. The contribution of farmers' previous selections is expressed as the number of different landraces appearing in the pedigree of a cultivar . The contribution of scientific breeding efforts is expressed as the number of parental combination...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7673

PUBLIC SECTOR PLANT BREEDING IN A PRIVATIZING WORLD
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thirtle,   Colin G.; Srinivasan,   Chittur S.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Intellectual property protection, globalization, and pressure on public budgets in many industrialized countries have shifted the balance of plant breeding activity from the public to the private sector. Several economic factors influence the relative shares of public versus private sector plant breeding activity, with varying results over time, over country, and over crop. The private sector, for example, dominates corn breeding throughout the industrialized world, but public and private activities in wheat breeding differ widely in Western Europe, different regions of the United States, Canada, and Australia. Public sector involvement in plant breeding may have benefits to society that the private sector's activities may not, fostering greater sharing of...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Plant breeding; Economics; Public sector; Private sector; Research policy; Biotechnology; Intellectual property; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33775

U.S. Public Agricultural Research:  Changes in Funding Sources and Shifts in Emphasis, 1980-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schimmelpfennig,   David E.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Over the years, proposals have recommended shifting the focus of public agricultural research from applied to basic research, and giving higher priority to peer-reviewed, competitively funded grants. The public agricultural research system in the United States is a Federal-State partnership, with most research conducted at State institutions. In recent years, State funds have declined, USDA funds have remained fairly steady (with changes in the composition of funding), but funding from other Federal agencies and the private sector has increased. Efforts to increase competitively awarded funds for research have fluctuated over time, as have special grants (earmarks). Along with shifts in funding sources, the proportion of basic research being undertaken...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural research; Current Research Information System; CRIS; State Agricultural Experiment Stations (SAES); Competitive and formula funds; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58314

Cereal Crop Productivity in Developing Countries: Past Trends and Future Prospects
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pingali,   Prabhu L.; Heisey,   Paul W.
This paper synthesizes the evidence on cereal crop productivity in developing countries over the past 30 years and looks at future prospects for productivity growth. For more than three decades we have witnessed the phenomenal growth of cereal crop productivity in the developing world. Termed the Green Revolution, the initial phase of this growth resulted from an increase in land productivity and occurred in areas of growing land scarcity and/or areas with high land values. Significant investments in research and infrastructure development, especially irrigation, were the strategic components of this increased productivity. In the post-Green Revolution period, particularly in Asia, productivity growth has been sustained through increased input use and,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7682