Consulta: creatorFacets:"Lichtenberg,   Erik"
Registros recuperados: 36
Data/hora: 07/06/2024 09:21:49

COST SHARING, TRANSACTION COSTS, AND CONSERVATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Smith-Ramirez,   Ricardo.
Conservation subsidies may be awarded for otherwise profitable projects, in which case they do not improve environmental quality.  We show that transaction costs involved in such subsidy programs may induce farmers to reduce the size and scope of conservation projects.  An empirical study shows that cost sharing in Maryland has resulted in simpler projects that provide no greater environmental protection.  Water quality does not appear to be a goal of cost sharing; farm productivity and political considerations do.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22141

PREVENTION VERSUS TREATMENT UNDER PRECAUTIONARY REGULATION: A CASE STUDY OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Penn,   Tony M.
Policy discussions of agricultural pollution problems characterize prevention as more cost effective and precautionary than ex post treatment.  We derive conditions under which treatment alone is more cost effective in situations involving multiple sources of emissions, multiple sites affected, and a commonly used precautionary approach to uncertainty.  We also show that a greater degree of precaution can result in less reliance on prevention.  An empirical case study indicates that treatment alone is the most cost effective means of dealing with nitrate in most Maryland community water system wells.  The use of leaching prevention measures is restricted to the most intensive poultry producing areas.  The incremental cost of precaution is substantial.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28584

ENVIRONMENTAL REGULATION IN VERTICALLY COORDINATED INDUSTRIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Aggarwal,   Rimjhim; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Many notable pollution problems occur in industries where production is carried out under vertical coordination arrangements that are characterized by conditions of double moral hazard.  In contrast to situations characterized by full information, we show that standard prescriptions of environmental economics do not apply.  Imposing a Pigouvian tax equal to the marginal cost of pollution does not lead to the first best level of pollution.  The equilibrium levels of production and pollution are not independent of which agent is taxed.  Making either agent or the industry as a whole financially liable for full environmental damage at the margin similarly does not lead to a first best level of pollution.  On the contrary, under conditions of double moral...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28562

Agri-Environmental Program Compliance in a Heterogeneous Landscape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum.  But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement.  This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers.  While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring.  We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs.  An empirical simulation model suggests...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q15; Q18; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37797

PRIORITIES IN COST SHARING FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION: A REVEALED PREFERENCE STUDY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bastos,   Guilherme S.; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28604

STORAGE TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28581

Was It Something I Ate? Implementation of the FDA Seafood HACCP Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Mancini,   Dominic; Galinato,   Gregmar I.
We use FDA's seafood inspection records to examine: (i) how FDA has targeted its inspections under HACCP regulation; (ii) the effects of FDA inspections on compliance with both HACCP and plant sanitation standards; and (iii) the relationship between HACCP regulations and pre-existing sanitation standards. We use a theoretical model of enforcement to derive hypotheses about FDA's targeting of inspections and firms' patterns of compliance. We test those hypotheses using econometric models of inspection and compliance. Contrary to the predictions of the theoretical model and to FDA's own stated policies, FDA does not seem to have targeted inspections based on product risk or past compliance performance. Firms' compliance strategies seemed to be broadly in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28607

Open Space and Urban Sprawl: The Effects of Zoning and Forest Conservation Regulations in Maryland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but policies intended to preserve open space may extend the urban boundary and create leapfrog development. We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs. In accord with previous theoretical and empirical results, the estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households. These results point to a conflict between preserving open space incorporated into private building lots or internal to sub-divisions and public...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Maryland Forest Conservation Act; Open space; Sprawl; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120451

Exotic Pests and Trade: When Is Pest-Free Status Certification Worthwhile?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Lynch,   Lori.
Pest-free status certification is desirable if the demand-side impacts (increased export revenue) and supply-side impacts (lower pest damage and decreased ongoing control costs) exceed the compliance monitoring and eradication costs. Thus, eradication may be optimal without certification. Certification is more likely for regions facing costly treatment requirements (bans) or possessing geographic traits that lower monitoring costs and infestation probabilities than for those exporting higher-valued products. Certification benefits producers but hurts consumers. Thus, political feasibility may be greater if domestic consumption is a small share of the market and if the additional tax burden of certification programs is light.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Invasive species; Pest-free area; Eradication; Sanitary/phytosanitary regulations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10182

Cost-Responsiveness of Conservation Practice Adoption: A Revealed Preference Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
While there is current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals, relatively little is known about the influence of cost on conservation adoption decisions or about how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package. Using farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit installation costs, this study estimates latent demand models for seven on-farm conservation practices. All of the practices exhibit downward-sloping demand. Topographical variations in adoption conform to expectations. The estimation results suggest that cost sharing should have substantial effects on the adoption of several practices, and indicate strong complementarity among others.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Conservation technology adoption; Cost-sharing; Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP); Green payments; Soil conservation; Water quality protection; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30920

ADOPTION OF SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES: A REVEALED PREFERENCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The existing empirical literature on farmers' use of soil-conserving, runoff-reducing farming practices, while sizable, contains relatively little information on the influence of cost on adoption decisions and on how farmers combine multiple practices into an overall conservation package.  Such knowledge is important in light of current interest in reorienting agricultural policy toward environmental and resource conservation goals.  This paper uses farmer survey data combined with information on standard unit costs of installing seven soil-conserving, runoff-reducing practices obtained from a state cost sharing program to estimate latent demand models for each of these seven practices.  All seven exhibit downward sloping demand.  Topographical variations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28609

Open Space and Urban Sprawl: The Case of the Maryland Forest Conservation Act
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Rapid urbanization enhances the desirability of policies for preserving open space but those policies may expand the urban boundary and create leapfrog development.  We investigate this potential conflict between open space preservation and urban sprawl conceptually and empirically using data from the Baltimore-Washington suburbs.  The estimated econometric model indicates that both zoning and forest planting requirements contribute to sprawl by increasing the amount of land needed to accommodate the current number of households.  The impacts of these regulations on sprawl are modest, however, increasing urbanized area by less than one percent in response to a one percent increase in any of these three forms of regulation.  Thus, while there does seem to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; R52; R14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37812

Agri-environmental program compliance under heterogeneous conditions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lankoski,   Jussi E.; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ollikainen,   Markku.
Heterogeneity of agricultural landscapes may necessitate the use of spatially targeted instrument combinations to implement the social optimum. But compliance with these policies may require costly enforcement. This paper examines the design of agri-environmental policies featuring two of the most commonly used instruments, reductions in fertilizer application rates and installation of riparian buffers. While compliance with buffer strip requirements is verifiable at negligible cost, fertilizer application is only verifiable through costly monitoring. We derive optimal subsidies for fertilizer reduction and buffer strip set-asides and enforcement strategies for the cases of low and excessive monitoring costs. An empirical simulation model suggests that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nutrient runoff; Monitoring; Enforcement; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44381

GRADING STANDARDS AND PESTICIDES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pesticide use; Grading standards; Cosmetic standards; Fruits and vegetables; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25961

THE ECONOMICS OF CO-PERMITTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
State and federal regulators have been considering making livestock integrators jointly responsible with growers for waste disposal.  We show that joint responsibility will generally be efficient when contracts are structured to address problems of grower moral hazard.  But joint responsibility for waste disposal will also redistribute income from growers to integrators.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19976

Books Reviewed
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Furtan,   William Hartley; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Tipo: Journal Article
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10193

Using Land to Promote Urban Economic Growth in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Chengri; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
This paper investigates the economic incentives for urban spatial expansion in China by estimating the value of urban land using an econometric model applied to data from the 220 largest Chinese cities for the period 1996-2003. The results are consistent with the proposition that the rapid rate of urban spatial expansion resulted from a combination of fiscal pressure on local governments and governance reforms that gave local governments greater control over land and investment policies. The estimated parameters of the model indicate that urban land generates far more than income per unit area than agriculture in eastern and central China, suggesting that local governments can profit substantially from conversion of farmland to urban use. The value of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36748

STORAGE TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Zilberman,   David.
A dynamic framework is presented for analyzing regulations affecting the use of spoilage-reducing inputs with potential negative environmental effects, such as pesticides, growth regulators, chemical preservatives, and irradiation.  Such regulations change intertemporal consumption patterns as well as total output.  Consumers may benefit from restrictions on storage technology, giving them a reason to support regulation even when it may not be warranted to correct environmental externalities.  Static analyses do not take into account changes in intertemporal consumption, and thus may give misleading depictions of the effects of imposing new regulations.  Implications of the framework for development and trade policy are discussed, as are extensions to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31077

JOINT ADOPTION OF MULTIPLE TECHNOLOGIES: A DUAL, LATENT DEMAND APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Strand,   Ivar E., Jr.
Latent demand models can be used to overcome computational difficulties that frequently hamper empirical evaluation of relatedness in the adoption of multiple technologies.  This paper develops and applies such an approach to a case involving agricultural soil and water conservation.  The results indicate both complementarity and substitution.  Own-price elasticities of demand for all technologies and cross-price elasticities of demand for related technologies are substantial.  The results are used to derive implications for the design and implementation of cost sharing programs, which have been one of the primary policies used to address nonpoint source agricultural water pollution problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O3; Q1; Q2.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28566

Local Officials as Land Developers: Urban Spatial Expansion in China
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Ding,   Chengri.
We investigate conceptually and empirically the role of economic incentives in the primary land allocation in China in recent years. A theoretical analysis demonstrates how recent fiscal and governance reforms give rise to land conversion decisions and long run urban spatial sizes much like those generated by competitive land markets with private land ownership. An econometric investigation of Shanghai and the provinces surrounding it demonstrates the presence of rent gradients, often used as an indication of the presence of land markets. It thus appears that economic forces have continued to exercise dominant influence over primary land allocations in spite of recent administrative restrictions on land conversion. These rent gradients are strongest in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R5; R14; H11; O18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6834

Foreword: Special Issue on Invasive Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10173

DOES IT MATTER WHO SCOUTS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Scouting is the most widely used integrated pest management (IPM) technique.  It has been argued that only independent crop consultants provide unbiased scouting information.  In contrast, chemical dealers inflate scouting reports and/or reduce economic thresholds in order to increase pesticide sales while farmers may use excessively low treatment thresholds due to risk aversion and/or overestimation of pest pressure.  Since the majority of scouting is done by farmers and chemical dealer employees, it follows that scouting may not be a very effective means of reducing reliance on chemical pesticides.  This study applies an implicit demand formulation of the Lichtenberg-Zilberman damage abatement model to data from a survey of Maryland field crop growers to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28600

Are Green Payments Good for the Environment?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
There is growing interest in green payments subsidizing conservation measures on working farmland based on the premise that they have positive effects on the environment and agriculture simultaneously without causing international trade distortions. This paper uses a Ricardian land market equilibrium model to examine the impacts of green payments. The analysis shows green payments can worsen ambient pollution damage by subsidizing the expansion of more intensive crop cultivation. Some forms of green can increase cultivation intensity (and thus environmental damage) as well. These adverse effects can be avoided by careful targeting, but such targeting is likely to be quite difficult.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31371

AGRICULTURE AND THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The distinctive nature of environmental quality problems in agriculture—an industry based on the extraction of highly variable natural resources under stochastic conditions—has important implications for policy design.  First, we examine the source of environmental quality problems and the strength of incentives for resource stewardship that may incidentally induce farmers to protect environmental quality.  In turn, we examine environmental policy design under two features that are pervasive in agriculture: (1) heterogeneity caused by resource variability and (2) uncertainty.  Next, we examine the effects of interactions between agricultural, environmental, and resource policies.  Finally, we review important areas for further research.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28567

Pesticide Productivity in Green Revolution Rice Production: A Case Study of Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Nguyen,   Khanh Linh Thi.
Data envelopment analysis is applied to original farm-level data to investigate pesticide productivity in Vietnamese rice production. Pesticides are shown to have detrimental effects on productivity. A program aimed at reducing pesticide use is shown to be more cost-efficient in some circumstances and no less technically efficient.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20757

Economics of Intensive Grazing in Dairy Production In the Mid-Atlantic
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Minegishi,   Kota; Hanson,   James C.; Johnson,   Dale M.
Dairy production in the US has experienced a marked increase in the size of dairy operations over time.  Even as total production has grown over time, smaller operations have been disappearing. Consequently, the viability of smaller dairy farms has become an important policy concern in regions like the Mid-Atlantic where small dairy farms account for a significant share of farm enterprises.  Previous studies suggest that dairy farming based on intensive (rotational) grazing, as opposed to traditional confined-feeding operations, may make it possible for smaller operations to remain economically viable. However, the short term nature of the data used in these studies limits the robustness of these findings. We utilize a unique panel of financial data...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Intensive grazing; Rotational grazing; Technical efficiency; Stochastic dominance; Farm Management; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis; Q12; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103700

Tenancy and Soil Conservation in Market Equilibrium
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
A theoretical analysis of equilibrium contracts between risk neutral landlords and tenants when tenants' soil exploitation is non-contractible indicates that landlords will overinvest in conservation structures.  An empirical model using farm-level data provides evidence that investment in contractible soil conservation measures is greater on rental land.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20489

Some Hard Truths About Agriculture and the Environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Environmental problems in agriculture have proven difficult to address due to the spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability intrinsic to agriculture. Agriculture is largely a struggle against nature; both its sustainability and the prospects for improving environmental performance and farm income simultaneously are thus inherently limited. Agriculture's high degree of variability makes direct regulation inefficient. Subsidies for improving environmental performance can have negative consequences and have proven ineffective in practice, due largely to bureaucratic culture. Pollution taxes should be the most effective and efficient form of policy. Interdisciplinary research is needed to provide models for performance evaluation.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31372

VERIFICATION IN CONTRACTS WITH RANDOM CHANGES IN QUALITY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitri,   Carolyn; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Many goods and services are subject to random changes in quality during the time between sale and delivery, resulting in markets characterized by lemons-market equilibria. We examine two forms of costly verification, ex post inspection and ex ante certification.  In equilibrium, ex post verification is used to verify buyers' reports of low quality, while ex ante certification is used to verify sellers' shipments of high quality.   Ex post inspection allows buyers to earn rents; in some circumstances, ex ante certification allows sellers to earn rents. One would expect buyers to prefer ex post inspection while sellers prefer ex ante certification.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28565

Does It Matter Who Scouts?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Berlind,   Ayesha Velderman.
Scouting is the most widely used integrated pest management technique adopted by U.S. growers. This study applies an implicit demand formulation of the Lichtenberg-Zilberman damage abatement model to data from a survey of Maryland field crop growers to examine differences in pesticide demand between growers using scouts trained and supervised by extension and those using chemical dealer employees or scouting themselves. The results give partial support to those skeptical of the quality of scouting by farmers themselves and by consultants working for chemical dealers. Soybean growers using extension-trained scouts had significantly lower pesticide demand than those using chemical dealer employees or scouting themselves. However, no significant differences...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Crop loss; Damage abatement; Extension; Integrated pest management; Pesticide demand; Pesticides; Scouting; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31214

Impacts of Agricultural Nutrient Regulation in a Heterogeneous Region
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parker,   Douglas D.; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Nonpoint sources of water pollutants, in particular, nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus, are increasingly a focus of US water pollution policy.  In most cases, agriculture is the largest contributor of these pollutants, in part because, until recently, it has largely remained unregulated.  Recently, however, a number of initiatives have targeted nutrient runoff and leaching from animal agriculture.  Many states have promulgated new nutrient management regulations stipulating that manure be disposed of in ways that limit runoff and leaching to acceptably low levels.  Stricter state regulations have been especially common in the Mid-Atlantic and Southeast, where excess nutrients have proven particularly problematic (Gollehon et al.).  In 2003, the US...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20249

Risk Factors for Invasive Pest Introductions in Commodity Imports: Theory and Empirical Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik; Olson,   Lars J.
Expanded world trade carries with it increased risks of invasions of exotic species and thus increased risks of ecological and economic damage. In the face of such risks, expansion of trade depends critically on the ability to detect unintended introductions of organisms in import shipments and determine whether those introductions are safe as is, safe after appropriate treatment, or unsafe even after treatment. This paper investigates factors associated with greater incremental risk of invasive pest introductions. It develops a conceptual framework based on the production-theoretic notion that invasive pests, like other forms of pollution, can be viewed as an input (or joint output) that serves to lower the cost of producing a commodity. In equilibrium,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61706

Was It Something I Ate? Implementation of the FDA Seafood HACCP Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alberini,   Anna; Lichtenberg,   Erik; Mancini,   Dominic; Galinato,   Gregmar I.
We use FDA’s seafood inspection records to examine: (i) how FDA has targeted its inspections under HACCP regulation; (ii) the effects of FDA inspections on compliance with both HACCP and plant sanitation standards; and (iii) the relationship between HACCP regulations and pre-existing sanitation standards. We use a theoretical model of enforcement to derive hypotheses about FDA’s targeting of inspections and firms’ patterns of compliance. We test those hypotheses using econometric models of inspection and compliance. Contrary to the predictions of the theoretical model and to FDA’s own stated policies, FDA does not seem to have targeted inspections based on product risk or past compliance performance. Firms’ compliance strategies seemed to be broadly in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12217

Risk Assessment, Economics and Chemicals in Foods
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61454

QUALITY INSPECTION, ADVERSE SELECTION AND TRADE IN PERISHABLE COMMODITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dimitri,   Carolyn; Lichtenberg,   Erik.
The quality of many goods and services may change randomly between the time of shipment and delivery, creating disputes over quality that can result in lemons-market equilibria.  We investigate the potential of third-party inspections for such inefficiencies.  We consider two types of inspection, ex post verification of quality in consignment contracts and ex ante certification in FOB contracts, which were instituted for fruits and vegetables in the U.S. when national markets were emerging.  We show that both types of inspection can counteract misallocations of quality found in lemons-market equilibria.  Buyers prefer ex post verification to ex ante certification while sellers prefer the reverse.  Government provision of inspection services may be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28579

ALTERNATIVE APPROACHES TO PESTICIDE REGULATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lichtenberg,   Erik.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28998