Consulta: creatorFacets:"Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D."
Registros recuperados: 22
Data/hora: 16/06/2024 10:42:08

Analysis and Evaluation of Ecosystem Resilience:  An Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper focuses on the analyses and evaluation of resilience anchored in an economic perspective. Resilience, as well as most of the benefits provided by ecosystems, is not priced on current markets. However, this does not mean that resilience is of no value for humans. On the contrary, the interest of using an economic perspective, and the respective scientific methodology, will be put forward in terms of resilience relevance for ecosystems’ life and functioning, and its impact on human welfare. The economic perspective is anchored in an anthropocentric analysis meaning that resilience is evaluated in terms of provision of natural capital benefits. These, in turn, are interpreted as an insurance against the risk of ecosystem malfunctioning and the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12205

The economic assessment of changes in ecosystem services: and application of the CGE methodology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Rosa,   Renato.
The present study integrates Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling with biodiversity services, proposing a possible methodology for assessing climate-change impacts on ecosystems. The assessment focuses on climate change impacts on carbon sequestration services provided by European forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and on provisioning services, but provided by forest and cropland ecosystems only. To do this via a CGE model it is necessary to identify first the role that these ecosystem services play in marketable transactions; then how climate change can impact these services; and finally how the economic system reacts to those changes by adjusting demand and supply across sectors, domestically and internationally
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecosystems services; Integrated assessment; CGE; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117622

Valuation of Linkages between Climate Change, Biodiversity and Productivity of European Agro-Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
It is clear that climate change involves changes in temperature and precipitation and therefore directly affects land productivity. However, this is not the only channel for climatic change to affect agro-systems. Biodiversity is subject to climatic fluctuations and in turn may alter land productivity too. Firstly, biodiversity is an input into agro-ecosystems. Secondly, biodiversity supports the functioning of these systems (e.g. the balancing of the nutrient cycle). Thirdly, agro-systems also host important wildlife species which, though not always, play a functional role in land productivity, nonetheless constitute important sources of landscape amenities. The present paper illustrates a unique attempt to economically assess this additional effect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Biodiversity; Agro-Ecosystems; Agribusiness; D58; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98096

Economic Valuation of Forest Ecosystem Services: Methodology and Monetary Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chiabai,   Aline; Travisi,   Chiara M.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
By using ad hoc value transfer protocols, this paper offers a methodological contribution and provides accurate per hectare estimates of the economic value of some selected ecosystem services for all forest biomes in the world, identified following the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment taxonomy MEA. The research also estimates potential total economic losses from policy inaction in year 2050. Final results show that total losses are significant. The total figure is €78 billion, the greatest losses coming from North America and Mexico, followed by Africa, Russia and some Asiatic countries. Most of this loss is attributable to provisioning services and carbon sequestration, while only a minor part is due to loss of cultural services. In terms of biomes the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest; Ecosystem Services; Biodiversity; Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q26; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50361

Language Diversity in Urban Landscapes: An Econometric Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Onofri,   Laura; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Cenoz,   Jasone; Gorter,   Durk.
This multidisciplinary study adopts econometric analysis for investigating how different characteristics determine the choice of the language used in the signs of a shopping street.  We work with a dataset containing about 200 observations collected in the main shopping streets of the cities of Donostia (Spain) and Ljouwert (The Netherlands). The results corroborate the important assumption that multilingualism and the choice of the language (even in a street sign) is an individual and a social preference. Therefore, understanding individuals’ linguistic preference structures is preliminary to the target and design of proper linguistic and social policies.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Linguistic Diversity; Street Sign; Probit Model; Linguistic Landscape; C010; R200; Z130.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36764

Are Preferences for Environmental Quality Sensitive to Financial Funding Schemes? Evidence from a Marine Restoration Programme in the Black Sea
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Remoundou,   Kyriaki; Koundouri,   Phoebe; Adaman,   Fikret; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper uses a non-market valuation study to elicit consumers’ preferences for a marine restoration programme in the Black Sea aiming to reduce the level of public health risk from bathing and improve water quality and the overall level of marine biodiversity. In this context, we administer a stated choice experiment in coastal settlements in Ukraine and Turkey and employ two tax revenue reallocation schemes as payment vehicles. One proposes the financing of the marine restoration programme by the reduction of the public budget for renewable energy and the second by the reduction of the public budget on training for civil servants. We examine the stated preferences and the subsequently derived economic value estimates in the two treatments with the aim...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Non-Market Valuation; Stated Choice Experiment; Payment Vehicle; Tax Revenues Reallocation; Marine Resources; Black Sea; Marine Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q22; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108204

The Economic Valuation of Marine Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Markandya,   Anil.
In a democratic system, policy makers have to take the preferences of the citizens into account. Since we live in a world with scarce resources, one is asked to make choices regarding the use and management of these resources. In this context, if policy makers decide to invest in the protection of marine ecosystems, less financial resources will be available for other policy areas, for example national health. Moreover, the investment in the protection of marine ecosystems brings along with it the provision of a wide range of benefits to humans though most are not priced in the existing markets – for example climate regulation and provision of habitat for biodiversity. Given that most human activities are priced in one way or other, in some decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Marine Ecosystem; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Approach; Europe; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54286

Scaling up Ecosystem Services Values: Methodology, Applicability and a Case Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brander,   Luke M.; Ghermandi,   Andrea; Kuik,   Onno; Markandya,   Anil; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Schaafsma,   Marije; Wagtendonk,   Alfred.
The approach of using existing data on economic values of local ecosystem services for an assessment of these values at a larger geographical scale can be called “scaling up”. In a scaling-up exercise, economic values from a particular study site are transferred to another geographical setting, for instance to the regional, national or global scale. This paper proposes a methodology for scaling up ecosystem service values to a European level, assesses the availability of data for conducting this method, and illustrates the procedure with a case study on wetland values. The proposed methodology makes use of meta-analysis to produce a value function that is subsequently applied to individual European wetland sites. Site-specific, study-specific and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem Services; Value Transfer; Meta-Analysis; Wetland Values; Environmental Economics and Policy; C81; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60689

Recreational, Cultural and Aesthetic Services from Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Portela,   Rosimeiry; Rao,   Nalini; Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.
The role of economic analysis in guiding the sustainable development of estuarine and coastal ecosystems is investigated based on a comprehensive review of the literature on the valuation of the recreation, cultural and aesthetic services. The implications of the findings for the sustainable management of coral reefs, Marine Protected Areas, and Small Island Developing States are discussed. Finally, the potential of meta-analytical benefit transfer and scaling up of values at various aggregation levels is demonstrated in the context of coastal tourism and recreation in Europe. The results of the study support the conclusion that the non-material values provided by coastal and estuarine ecosystems in terms of recreational, cultural and aesthetic services...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56214

A Global Map of Costal Recreation Values: Results From a Spatially Explicit Based Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The welfare dimension of the recreational services provided by global coastal ecosystems is examined through a meta-analytical regression-based valuation approach.  First, we construct a global, state-of-the-art database of stated and revealed preference estimates on coastal recreation, which includes also the grey literature and with the latest entry updated to February 2010. Second, the profile of each of the 253 observations of our dataset, which correspond to individual value estimates, was further enriched with characteristics of the built coastal environment (site accessibility, anthropogenic pressure, level of human development), characteristics of the natural coastal environment (presence of protected area, type of ecosystem,  and marine...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Built Coastal Environment; Natural Coastal Environment; Ecosystem Service Valuation; Geographic Information Systems; Mapping Ecosystem Values; Marine Biodiversity; Scaling up; Spatial Analysis; Spatial Economic Valuation; Value Transfer; Environmental Economics and Policy; C53; Q26; Q57; R12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108205

An Accidental Oil Spill Along the Belgian Coast: Results from a CV Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Van Biervliet,   Karl; Le Roy,   Dirk; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
This paper offers an economic assessment of the loss of non-use values resulting from different oil spill scenarios along the Belgian Coast. Estimation results show that if no oil spill prevention policy action is undertaken, a significant welfare loss may result. As a matter of fact, contingent valuation estimation results show such a welfare loss ranges from 120 million Euro to 606 million Euro, depending on the size and the frequency of the oil spill under consideration. Therefore, any investment program targeted at the prevention of oil spills, and its damage on the marine environment, can be clearly defended from a cost-benefit perspective as long as its cost is no higher than 120 million Euro.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12124

Comparing Tax and Tax Reallocations Payments in Financing Rail Noise Abatement Programs: Results from a CE valuation study in Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Travisi,   Chiara M.
The paper examines the use of choice experiments (CE) to assess the economic value of alternative rail noise reduction interventions on the so-called Brennero railway, Italy. The novelty of this paper is threefold. To our knowledge, this is the first study on the valuation of noise conducted in Italy and it is the first example of CE applied in the field of rail noise valuation. Second, we consider not only the economic value assessment of noise reduction but also how this reduction is achieved, ranging from policy instruments such as barriers or train technology. Third, the paper provides an original contribution in the valuation literature since we test formally the econometric robustness of the CE estimates under three payment vehicles. In fact, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12210

Assessing the Impact of Biodiversity on Tourism Flows: A model for Tourist Behaviour and its Policy Implications
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Macagno,   Giulia; Loureiro,   Maria L.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Tol,   Richard S.J.
This analysis provides an example of how biodiversity can be measured by means of different indicators, and how the latter can be used to assess the influence of the biodiversity profile of a region on the tourism flows towards it. Previous studies have considered environmental amenities as one of the determinants of tourism destination choice. The central hypothesis of this paper is that the destination’s biodiversity profile can be considered as a key component of environmental amenities. The main objective of this study is to propose a different perspective on this topic, considering the role of biodiversity on tourists’ choice of destination and duration of stay. Domestic Irish tourist flows have been chosen as a case study. The first step of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Species Diversity; Habitat Fragmentation; Landscape Diversity; Trip Demand; Indicators; Ecosystem Services; Human Well-Being; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50406

A Hybrid Approach to the Valuation of Climate Change Effects on Ecosystem Services: Evidence from the European Forests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Silvestri,   Silvia; Chiabai,   Aline; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
In this paper we present a systematic attempt to assess economic value of climate change impact on forest ecosystems and human welfare. In the present study, climate change impacts are downscaled to the different European countries, which in turn constitute the elements of our analysis. First, we anchor the valuation exercise in the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MEA) Approach and therefore the link between the different forest ecosystem goods and services, including provisioning, regulating and cultural services, human well-being and climate change. Second, climate change is operationalized by exploring the different storylines developed by the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and applied, downscaled, for each of the European countries under...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wood Products; Biodiversity; Climate Change; Market and Non-market Valuation Methods; Ecosystem Goods and Services; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61373

An Economic Assessment of the Impacts of the MOSE Barriers on Venice Port Activities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vergano,   Lucia; Umgiesser,   Georg; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
Due to its hydro-geological features, the lagoon of Venice is especially vulnerable to climate change. In particular, it is strongly affected by gradual global warming that brings about the so-called ‘acqua alta’ (high water) phenomenon with greater frequency and intensity. In order to protect the city of Venice from the more and more frequent phenomenon of flooding, some protective measures have been adopted. Among them, the system of mobile barriers commonly known as MOSE: however, by separating the lagoon from the Adriatic Sea, it interferes with ship traffic and has negative impacts on port activities. Against this background, the aim of the present work is to provide an estimate of the direct costs of ship traffic interruption due to the functioning...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; ‘Acqua Alta’; MOSE; Ship Traffic; Direct Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59474

Biodiversity Valuation in Developing Countries: A Focus on Small Island Developing States (SIDS)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The Millennium Development Goals explicitly recognise “sustainable development” as a target. A step towards this is a greater understanding of the significant role of biodiversity in rural communities of developing countries who depend most on the ecosystem goods and services and who as a result may suffer most from its continued degradation. Understanding the input of biodiversity in developing countries to the provision of the ecosystem goods and services (EGS) that are essential to their human well-being is seen as a significant first step in sustainable development, and environmental valuation is a necessary tool for achieving this objective. However, valuing biodiversity in a developing country context can be an intricate affair. While economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Developing Countries; Small Island Developing States; Land Economics/Use; Q01; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94842

Economic Valuation of Oceanographic Forecasting Services: A Cost-Benefit Exercise
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Chiabai,   Aline.
This paper provides an assessment of the economic value of the oceanographic services provided by the Mediterranean operational forecasting system, MFSTEP. The main purpose of this exploratory study is to carry out a cost-benefit analysis for different development scenarios, by comparing the costs associated with the project implementation with the private benefits that arise from delivering its products on the market. As far as the costs are concerned, a total cost assessment has been performed by identifying, classifying and estimating the wide range of inputs that have been allocated both to the project development and maintenance. Against this context, a cost questionnaire has been designed and administered to all MFSTEP partners. In addition, the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12219

European Forests and Carbon Sequestration Services: An Economic Assessment of Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Teelucksingh,   Sonja S.
This paper reports an original economic valuation of the impact of climate change on the provision of forest regulating services in Europe. To the authors’ knowledge the current paper represents the first systematic attempt to estimate human well-being losses with respect to changes in biodiversity and forest regulating services that are directly driven by climate change. First, selected 34 European countries are grouped by their latitude intervals to capture the differentiated regional effects of forests in response to climate change. Moreover, the future trends of forest areas and stocked carbon in 2050 are projected through the construction and simulation of global circulation models such as HADMC3 following four different future developing paths...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Forest Ecosystem; Carbon Sequestration; Climate Change Impacts; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q23; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59397

Climate Change and Tourism in Tuscany, Italy. What if heat becomes unbearable?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cai,   Mattia; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ferrise,   Roberto; Moriondo,   Marco; Bindi,   Marco.
This paper investigates the empirical magnitude of climate conditions on tourist flows in Tuscany, exploring the use of a fine spatial scale analysis. In fact, we explore the use of an 8-year panel dataset of Tuscany’s 254 municipalities, examining how tourist inflows respond to variation in local weather conditions. In particular, as the area enjoys a fairly mild Mediterranean climate, our analysis focused on temperature extremes at key times of the tourist season, i.e., on maximum summer temperature and minimum winter temperature. Separate analyses are conducted for domestic and international tourists, so as to test the differences in the preferences among these distinct groups (or types of demand). Estimation results show the impact of climate change on...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Domestic Tourists; International Tourists; Municipalities; Maximum And Minimum Daily Temperature; Dynamic Model; Temperature Demand Elasticity; GMM; Environmental Economics and Policy; C23; D01; L83.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115851

The Economic Value of Wetland Conservation and Creation: A Meta-Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ghermandi,   Andrea; van den Bergh,   Jeroen C.J.M.; Brander,   Luke M.; de Groot,   Henri L.F.; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.
The rationale for conservation and creation of wetlands stems from the recognition of both their ecological and economic values. This paper examines the welfare impacts of goods and services provided by wetlands. We collected 385 estimates of the economic value of 181 natural and man-made wetlands from 167 studies worldwide. The resulting database is less biased towards North America than previous reviews of the literature. The relative importance of characteristics of the valuation study, of the wetland site, and of the socio-economic and geographical context is estimated by means of a meta-regression analysis of wetland values. Provision of amenities, flood control and storm buffering, and water quality improvement are the most highly valued wetland...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Constructed Ecosystems; Economic Valuation; Man-Made Wetlands; Meta-Regression; Wetland Values; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C81; Q24.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44229

An Economic Model for Bioprospecting Contracts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ding,   Helen; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Onofri,   Laura.
This paper explores the use of a micro-economic model to analyse the provisions and parties of bioprospecting contracts. It focuses on the pharmaceutical industry as the representative biodiversity buyer, presenting an original theoretical framework that explains the main contract characteristics or stylised facts. Against this background, it considers the main contractors involved in these private contracts, i.e. biodiversity sellers and biodiversity buyers, analysing both the magnitude and distribution of the respective payoffs. Particular attention is devoted to the different, mixed impacts of bioprospecting contracts and patenting on social welfare. The positive welfare impacts delivered by bioprospecting contracts are associated with the potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioprospecting Contract; Genetic Resource; Biodiversity Buyer; Biodiversity Seller; Patenting; Welfare Analysis; Benefit Sharing; Productivity Analysis; D21; D23; D61; L14; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7450

Mapping of Forest Biodiversity Values: A Plural Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ojea,   Elena; Loureiro,   Maria L.
The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment is built on a conceptual framework that links biodiversity to the services ecosystems provide to society. Based on this framework, we first compile market and non-market forest valuation studies and, secondly, explore the potential of an econometric modeling exercise by conducting a world wide meta-analysis. This exercise aims to highlight the mapping of biodiversity indicators and assesses their respective role on the valuation exercise. Our results show that biodiversity loss is having an effect on forest ecosystem values. In addition, these effects reveal to be dependent on the type of services and global geo-climatic regions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Millennium Ecosystems Approach; Biodiversity Loss; Meta-Analysis; Market Valuation; Non-Market Valuation; Forests; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47768