Consulta: creatorFacets:"Tsur,   Yacov"
Registros recuperados: 53
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 02:10:49

THE STABILIZATION VALUE OF GROUNDWATER AND CONJUNCTIVE WATER MANAGEMENT UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gemma,   Masahiko; Tsur,   Yacov.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7138

Endogenous Discounting and Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of abrupt climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnified by economic growth. In particular, we find that greenhouse gases (GHG) emission should be terminated at a finite time so that the ensuing occurrence risk will vanish in the long run. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. In fact, the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Hazard rate; Discounting; Economic growth; Emission policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37944

DISCOUNTING AND CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate constant equivalent discount rates" and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Discounting; Climate change modeling; Stern Review; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7149

Towards a Genuine Sustainability Standard for Biofuel Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Tsur,   Yacov.
Sustainability standards for biofuel production calculated via life cycle accounting (LCA) require a certain reduction in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions relative to gasoline. Recently it has been shown that LCA gives biased results and should be extended to incorporate indirect land use change (iLUC). We show that even including iLUCs, LCA is still biased and distorted because it is based on GHG emission and uptake calculations, which assume economic values only if (i) the environmental price of carbon is constant over time and (ii) the social discount rate (SDR) equals zero. We offer a sustainability standard free of these restrictions, expressed in terms of a range of SDRs and a maximal GHG payback period. Applying our methodology to Brazilian and U.S....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Sustainability; Biofuel Production; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48927

Preparing for catastrophic climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Withagen,   Cees.
We study optimal adaptation to climate change when the harmful consequences of global warming are associated with stochastic occurrence of abrupt changes. The adaptation policy entails the accumulation of a particular sort of capital that will eliminate or reduce the catastrophic damage of an abrupt climate change when (and if) it occurs. The occurrence date is uncertain. The policy problem involves balancing the tradeoffs between the (certain) investment cost prior to occurrence and the benefit (in reduced damage) that will be realized after the (uncertain) occurrence date. For stationary economies the optimal adaptation capital converges to a steady state. For growing economies the optimal adaptation capital stock approaches the maximal economic level...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Adaptation; Hazard; Environmental Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117652

Time perspective and climate change policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
The tendency to foreshorten time units as we peer further into the future provides an explanation for hyperbolic discounting at an intergenerational time scale. We study implications of hyperbolic discounting for climate change policy, when the probability of a climate-induced catastrophe depends on the stock of greenhouse gasses. We provide a positive analysis by characterizing the set of Markov perfect equilibria (MPE) of the intergenerational game amongst a succession of policymakers. Each policymaker reflects her generation’s preferences, including its hyperbolic discounting. For a binary action game, we compare the MPE set to a “restricted commitment” benchmark. We compare the associated “constant equivalent discount rates” and the willingness to pay...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Catastrophic climate change; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42848

CLIMATE POLICY WHEN THE DISTANT FUTURE MATTERS: CATASTROPHIC EVENTS WITH HYPERBOLIC DISCOUNTING
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a signifcant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7181

Climate change policy in a growing economy under catastrophic risks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Under risk of catastrophic climate change, the occurrence hazard is added to the social discount rate. As a result, the social discount rate (i) increases and (ii) turns endogenous to the global warming policy. The second effect bears profound policy implications that are magnifed by economic growth. In particular, it implies that green- house gases (GHG) emission should gradually be brought to a halt. Due to the public bad nature of the catastrophic risk, the second effect is ignored in a competitive allocation and unregulated economic growth will give rise to excessive emissions. We find that the GHG emission paths under the optimal and competitive growth regimes lie at the extreme ends of the range of feasible emissions. We derive the Pigouvian hazard...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Environmental catastrophes; Economic growth; Emission policy; Hazard rate; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; O40; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7132

STOCK UNCERTAINTY IN RENEWABLE RESOURCE THEORY: THE EXPLOITATION OF AQUIFERS OF UNKNOWN SIZE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
The theory of stock uncertainty in the utilization of exhaustible resources is extended to renewable groundwater resources. A complete characterization of the exploitation process is presented, paying special attention to the formulation of the trasversality conditions. Exploration activities are incorporated and fit smoothly within the framework of analysis. Extensions to other renewable situations are outlined.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14208

On the Dynamics of Competing Energy Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We characterize the dynamics of energy markets in which energy is derived from polluting (fossil) and clean (solar) resources. The analysis is based on geometric optimal control considerations. An important feature of solar energy technologies is that their cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investment in capital infrastructure (rather than to actual supply rate) and this feature has important implications for the market allocation outcome. In particular, it gives rise to a threshold behavior in that solar energy is adopted only when the price of fossil energy exceeds a certain threshold. Under this condition solar technologies will (eventually) dominate energy supply by driving fossil energy altogether out of the energy sector. A tax on fossil...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fossil and solar energy; Optimal processes; Characteristic curves; Price thresholds; Environmental regulation.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55265

ON EVENT UNCERTAINTY AND RENEWABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT;  Proceedings of the 4th Minnesota Padova Conference on Food, Agriculture, and the Environment, September 4-10, 1994, Wayzata, MN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14434

RESOURCE EXPLOITATION, BIODIVERSITY AND ECOLOGICAL EVENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We study the management of a natural resource that supports ecosystems as well as human needs.  The reduction in the resource base poses a threat of occurrence of catastrophic ecological events, such as the sudden collapse of the natural habitat, that lead to severe loss of biodiversity.  The event occurrence conditions involve uncertainty of various types, and the distinction among these types affects the optimal exploitation policies.  When uncertainty is due to our ignorance of some aspects of the underlying ecology, the isolated equilibrium states characterizing optimal exploitation for many renewable resource problems become equilibrium intervals, giving rise to hysteresis phenomena.  Events triggered by genuinely stochastic environmental conditions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Resource management; Event uncertainty; Biodiversity; Extinction; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14996

A SIMPLE PROCEDURE TO EVALUATE EX-ANTE PRODUCER WELFARE UNDER PRICE UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We propose a simple and tractable procedure for evaluating producer welfare under price uncertainty. These properties are achieved at the cost of assuming constant absolute risk aversion, where risk attitude depends on the stock of wealth but not on the flow of income. Numerical examples corroborate the procedure's properties; the validity of the constant absolute risk aversion case as an approximation is discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13624

KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVER, LEARNING INCENTIVES AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Knowledge spillover implies that the social value of knowledge is higher than its private value and leads to insufficient private investment in human capital.  This paper examines implications for economic growth and offers a remedy.  An incentive mechanism that implements the socially optimal outcome is offered based on learning subsidy and flat income or consumption taxes (each levied at a different phase of the growth process).  The scheme is self-financed in that the tax proceeds cover exactly the subsidy payments at each point of time.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endogenous growth; Human capital; Knowledge spillover; Learning incentives; Linear taxes; International Development; C61; H21; O33; O38; O41.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14991

Discounting and Climate Change Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
A constant social discount rate cannot reflect both a reasonable opportunity cost of public funds and an ethically defensible concern for generations in the distant future. We use a model of hyperbolic discounting that achieves both goals. We imbed this discounting model in a simple climate change model to calculate “constant equivalent discount rates” and plausible levels of expenditure to control climate change. We compare these results to discounting assumptions and policy recommendations in the Stern Review on Climate Change
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7192

Endangered Species and Natural Resource Exploitation: Extinction vs. Coexistence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
The threat on the survival of animal species due to intensive use of natural resources is incorporated within resource management models, paying special attention to uncertainty regarding the conditions that lead to extinction. The manner in which the potential benefits forgone due to the species extinction (denoted extinction penalty) induce more conservative exploitation policies is studied in detail. When the extinction penalty is ignored, the optimal policy is to drive the resource stock to a particular equilibrium level from any initial state. When the extinction penalty is considered and the conditions that lead to extinction are not fully understood (i.e., involve uncertainty), an interval of equilibrium states is identified, which depends on the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7498

ASYMMETRIC INFORMATION AND THE PRICING OF NATURAL RESOURCES: THE CASE OF UNMETERED WATER; Proceedings of the Fifth Joint Conference on Agriculture, Food, and the Environment, June 17-18, 1996, Padova, Italy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smith,   Rodney B.W.; Tsur,   Yacov.
This paper uses mechanism design theory to (i) propose a mechanism to price irrigation water when farmers are heterogeneous in their production technologies (adverse selection) and their individual water uses are unobserved (moral hazard) and (ii) discusses briefly when such a mechanism might be economically unreasonable. Unmetered irrigation water is often priced by imposing per-acre fees on cultivated acreage or by charging per-unit fees on observable inputs or outputs.  The offered pricing procedure is based on the observed output and achieves a first-best outcome when implementation is free of transaction costs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14368

Pesticide usage and the choice of pest control strategy: A switching regression analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hanemann,   W. Michael; Tsur,   Yacov; Zilberman,   David.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6300

MEASURING THE RECREATIONAL VALUE OF OPEN SPACES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleischer,   Aliza; Tsur,   Yacov.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15008

COOPERATIVE LABOR ALLOCATION UNDER UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Parliament,   Claudia; Tsur,   Yacov; Zilberman,   David.
Understanding the allocation of labor between collective and private activities within cooperatives has been an issue of interest for economists and policy makers.  This paper extends existing literature by incorporating income uncertainty from both private and collective activities, and by assuming that members are risk averse.  The analysis suggests a member's labor response to policy parameters can be decomposed into three components: the mean effect, reflecting the labor response under certainty or risk neutrality; the variance effect, reflecting the response to changes in risk; and the wealth effect, reflecting the response to changes in risk aversion associated with changes in wealth.  The analysis demonstrates the labor response may be reversed from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13672

On the Theory and Practice of Water Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We study water regulation for a schematic water economy representing a wide range of real world situations. A water policy has inter- and intra-temporal components. The first determines the limits on extractions from the naturally replenished sources, given the stochastic nature of recharge processes associated with uncertain precipitation. The intra-temporal regulation is concerned mainly with the allocating of the extracted and produced water among the end-users. The prices that implement the optimal intra-temporal allocation are derived. Regulation issues associated with cost recovery and asymmetric information are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scarcity; Pricing; Optimal allocation; Water economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; D82; Q11; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47503

IRRIGATION PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS WITH WATER-CAPITAL SUBSTITUTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shani,   Uri; Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos; Zilberman,   David.
The dynamics of biomass growth implies that the yield of irrigated crops depends, in addition to the total amount of water applied, on irrigation scheduling during the growing period. Advanced irrigation technologies relax constraints on irrigation rates and timing, allowing to better adjust irrigation scheduling to the varying needs of the plants along the growing period. Irrigation production functions, then, should include capital (or expenditures on irrigation equipment) in addition to aggregate water. We derive such functions and study their water-capital substitution properties. Implications for water demand and adoption of irrigation technologies are investigated. An empirical application confirms these properties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7180

GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION AND THE MANAGEMENT OF A CONJUNCTIVE GROUND AND SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
Irrigation water (including rainfall) that infiltrates the subsurface carries salts, pesticide and fertilizer residues, and other trace elements, thus causing a contamination of aquifers and soils. A similar situation occurs when irrigating with saline groundwater (aquifers containing saline water often are found in arid and semi-arid regions, where agricultural production depends critically on groundwater irrigation). Evaporation of the irrigation water increases salt concentration, causing salinization of soils and aquifers. Although not immediately noticeable, these quality deterioration processes will have long-term effects and therefore require careful management. The paper describes a general framework for the intertemporal management of a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13910

CERTAINTY EQUIVALENT PRICES AND PRODUCER WELFARE UNDER OUTPUT PRICE UNCERTAINTY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zilberman,   David.
Producer welfare indices under price uncertainty are derived using the concept of certainty equivalent prices.  In this approach the marginal cost function is used instead of the ex-ante supply function; the effects of uncertainty and risk preference are captured by certainty equivalent prices.  Implications for welfare evaluation are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13562

OPTIMAL DYNAMIC IRRIGATION SCHEMES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shami,   Uri; Tsur,   Yacov.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15007

EXPLAINING PRICE POLICY BIAS IN AGRICULTURE: A POLITICIAN-VOTER INTERACTION APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: de Gorter,   Harry; Tsur,   Yacov.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13388

THE ECONOMICS OF CONJUNCTIVE GROUND AND SURFACE WATER IRRIGATION SYSTEMS: BASIC PRINCIPLES AND EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE FROM SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14138

UNCERTAINTY AND IRREVERSIBILITY IN GROUNDWATER RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Optimal exploitation of renewable groundwater resources when extraction affects the probability of occurrence of an irreversible event is studied. The term irreversible signifies that the event occurrence renders the resource obsolete. It is found that uncertainty concerning the event occurrence has a profound effect. Under certainty - when the stock level below which the event occurs is known in advance - the optimal state process converges to a unique equilibrium state. Under uncertainty, when the event occurrence level is unknown, we identify equilibrium intervals and show that optimal processes initiated elsewhere converge to a boundary of one of these intervals. Inside an equilibrium interval, the expected loss due to the event occurrence is so high...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13590

THE BUFFER ROLE OF GROUNDWATER WHEN SURFACE WATER SUPPLIES ARE UNCERTAIN: THE IMPLICATIONS FOR GROUNDWATER DEVELOPMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
When used in conjunction with surface water for irrigation, groundwater serves two roles: to increase water supply; and to mitigate fluctuations in the supply of water.  The later is the buffer role.  This paper identifies and evaluates the economic benefit associated with the buffer role of ground water.  Implications for the development of groundwater resources are investigated.  An estimate is given of the buffer benefit to wheat growers of the fossil water aquifer underlying the Israeli Negev.  It is found that, under the prevailing variability in the supply of surface water, this benefit may well exceed the groundwater benefit associated with the increase in water supply.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13924

On the Dynamics of Competing Energy Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We characterize the dynamics of energy markets in which energy is derived from polluting (fossil) and clean (solar) resources. The analysis is based on geometric optimal control considerations. An important feature of solar energy technologies is that their cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investment in capital infrastructure (rather than to actual supply rate) and this feature has important implications for the market allocation outcome. In particular, it gives rise to a threshold behavior in that solar energy is adopted only when the price of fossil energy exceeds a certain threshold. Under this condition solar technologies will (eventually) dominate energy supply by driving fossil energy altogether out of the energy sector. A tax on fossil...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Fossil and solar energy; Characteristic curves; Price thresholds; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93127

Climate Policy When the Distant Future Matters: Catastrophic Events with Hyperbolic Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Low probability catastrophic climate change can have a significant influence on policy under hyperbolic discounting. We compare the set of Markov Perfect Equilibria (MPE) to the optimal policy under time-consistent commitment. For some initial levels of risk there are multiple MPE; these may involve either excessive or insufficient stabilization effort. These results imply that even if the free-rider problem amongst contemporaneous decision-makers were solved, there may remain a coordination problem amongst successive generations of decision-makers. A numerical example shows that under plausible conditions society should respond vigorously to the threat of climate change.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Abrupt climate change; Event uncertainty; Catastrophic risk; Hyperbolic discounting; Markov Perfect Equilibria; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; C61; C73; D63; D99; Q54.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7186

On the regulation of unobserved emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; de Gorter,   Harry.
Regulation of nonpoint source pollution often relies in one way or another on policy instruments based on ambient indicators. For well-known reasons, enforcement of ambient-based policies is, at best, limited. If no individual choices or actions are observed, than ambient-based regulation might be the only feasible approach. Often, some relevant individual indicators, such as output or certain inputs, are observable. For such cases, we offer a regulation mechanism that does away with ambient indicators. The mechanism implements the optimal output-abatement-emission allocation and gives rise to the full information outcome when the social cost of transfers is nil. Special attention is given to the regulation of (unobserved) abatement.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint source pollution; Abatement; Asymmetric information; Regulation mechanism; Implementation.; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116228

ON TESTING FOR REVEALED PREFERENCE CONDITIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
A procedure to test for the significance of violations of revealed preference conditions is described.  The procedure is simple and hence may especially be appropriate for large data sets.  An application to consumption data is presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14264

Resource Management with Stochastic Recharge and Environmental Threats
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Leizarowitz,   Arie; Tsur,   Yacov.
Exploitation diminishes the capacity of renewable resources to with-stand environmental stress, increasing their vulnerability to extreme conditions that may trigger abrupt changes. The onset of such events depends on the coincidence of extreme environmental conditions (environmental threat) and the resource state (determining its resilience). When the former is uncertain and the latter evolves stochastically, the uncertainty regarding the event occurrence is the result of the combined effect of these two uncertain components. We analyzed optimal resource management in such a setting. Existence of an optimal stationary policy is established and long run properties are characterized. A numerical illustration based on actual data is presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Stochastic stock dynamics; Event uncertainty; Markov decision process; Optimal stationary policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52784

Market Structure and the Penetration of Alternative Energy Technologies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Energy market prices ignore external effects, hence miss-allocate energy generation between (polluting) fossil fuels and (clean) solar technologies. Correcting the failure requires understanding the market allocation forces at hand. An important feature of solar energy is that its cost of supply is predominantly due to upfront investments in capital infrastructure (rather than to the actual supply rate) and this feature has far reaching implications for the market allocation outcome. Studying the market allocation process, we specify the conditions under which solar technologies penetrate the energy sector. The framework is then used to analyze policy regulation in the form of taxing fossil energy and subsidizing investments in solar energy. The first...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Energy; Solar technologies; Fossil fuels; Price thresholds; Regulation; Environmental damage; Learning by doing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Marketing; C61; Q42; Q58.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47174

On the Theory and Practice of Water Regulation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We study water regulation for a schematic water economy representing a wide range of real world situations. A water policy has inter- and intra-temporal components. The first determines the limits on extractions from the naturally replenished sources, given the stochastic nature of recharge processes associated with uncertain precipitation. The intra-temporal regulation is concerned mainly with the allocating of the extracted and produced water among the end-users. The prices that implement the optimal intra-temporal allocation are derived. Regulation issues associated with cost recovery and asymmetric information are discussed.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scarcity; Pricing; Optimal allocation; Water economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; D82; Q11; Q25.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47173

REGULATING ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Environmental consequences of natural resource exploitation often entail threats of future occurrences of detrimental abrupt events rather than (or in addition to) inflicting a damage gradually. The possibility of abrupt occurrence of climate-change related calamities is a case in mind. The uncertainty associated with the realization of these threats and their public-bad nature complicate the determination of optimal economic response. We analyze the regulation of such environmental threats by means of a Pigouvian hazard tax, based on the shadow cost of the hazard-generating activities. A numerical example illustrates possible effects of the proposed regulation scheme.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental events; Emission; Climate change; Regulation; Pigouvian tax; Hazard rate; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; H41; O13; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7150

WELFARE MEASUREMENT UNDER THREATS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Welfare measures under threats of environmental catastrophes are studied using the "“parable”" apparatus of Weitzman and Lofgren [22].  The occurrence probability of the catastrophic event is driven (at least partly) by anthropogenic activities such as natural resource exploitation.  Without external effects, the green NNP is a genuine welfare measure vis-à-vis a particular parable economy.  Often, however, the occurrence hazard constitutes a public bad, treated as an externality by agents who ignore their own contribution to its accumulation. In such cases the green NNP, although accounting for the event hazard rate per se, fails to properly internalize future effects on the hazard rate of current economic activities and as a result overestimates welfare....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Green NNP; Environmental catastrophes; Hazard rate; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14987

ENDANGERED AQUIFERS: GROUNDWATER MANAGEMENT UNDER THREATS OF CATASTROPHIC EVENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14993

Dynamic regulation of nonpoint source pollution when the number of emitters is large
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; de Gorter,   Harry.
When a nonpoint source pollution process involves many polluters, each taking his own contribution to aggregate pollution to be negligible, ambient-based policies become ineffective due to lack of strategic interactions between dischargers. We offer a regulation mechanism for this case. The mechanism consists of inter-period and intra-period components. The first exploits ambient (aggregate) information to derive the optimal pollution and aggregate emission processes and the ensuing social price of emission. The intra-period mechanism takes as given the social price of emission and implements the optimal output-abatement-emission allocation across the heterogenous, privately informed firms in each time period. The mechanism gives rise to the full...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Nonpoint source pollution; Abatement; Stock externality; Dynamic regulation; Markov decision process; Asymmetric information; Crop Production/Industries; C61; D82; H23; L51; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122124

Dynamic and stochastic analysis of environmental and natural resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Uncertainty enters the dynamic tradeoffs of environmental and natural resource management in a variety of ways and forms. In this chapter we review the various sources of uncertainty, the methodologies developed to account for them and implications regarding management of environmental and natural resources.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Resource management; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Catastrophic events; Irreversibility.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120017

ENDOGENOUS RECOMBINANT GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We extend Weitzman's (1998) recombinant growth framework to include endogenous R&amp;D decisions. The analysis is carried out in the (knowledge-capital) state space by means of two characteristic curves: one is identified as a turnpike along which growing economies evolve; the other attracts stagnating economies. Sustained growth depends on a condition relating the slopes of the characteristic curves as well as on a minimal endowment requirement. A growing economy reaches the turnpike at a most rapid R&amp;D rate and evolves along it thereafter. In the long run, the rate of growth and the income shares devoted to R&amp;D, saving and consumption approach constant values that depend on the asymptotic characteristic slopes.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Knowledge generation; Combined ideas; Endogenous R&amp;D; Balanced growth; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; O31; O41.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7135

DYNAMIC-SPATIAL MANAGEMENT OF COASTAL AQUIFERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kan,   Iddo; Leizarowitz,   Arie; Tsur,   Yacov.
We analyze the management of a coastal aquifer under seawater intrusion using distributed control methods. The aquifer's state is taken as the water head elevation, which varies with time and in space since extraction, natural recharge and lateral water flows vary with time and in space. The water head, in turn, induces a temporal-spatial seawater intrusion process, which changes the volume of fresh water in the aquifer. Under reasonable conditions we show that the optimal state converges to a steady state process that is constant in time. We characterize the optimal steady state process in terms of a standard control problem (in space) and offer a tractable algorithm to solve for it.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Distributed control; Groundwater; Optimal exploitation; Seawater intrusion; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; C62; Q25.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7131

ON KNOWLEDGE-BASED ECONOMIC GROWTH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14997

GROWTH, SCARCITY AND R&amp;D
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14994

Uncertain Climate Policy and the Green Paradox
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smulders,   Sjak; Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Unintended consequences of announcing a climate policy well in advance of its implementation have been studied in a variety of situations. We show that a phenomenon akin to the so-called “Green- Paradox” holds also when the policy implementation date is uncertain. Governments are compelled, by international and domestic pressure, to demonstrate an intention to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Taking actual steps, such as imposing a carbon tax on fossil energy, is a different matter altogether and depends on a host of political considerations. As a result, economic agents often consider the policy implementation date to be uncertain. We show that in the interim period between the policy announcement and its actual implementation the emission of green-house...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Carbon tax; Uncertainty; Green paradox; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93129

STOCHASTIC ENERGY DEMAND AND THE STABILIZATION VALUE OF ENERGY STORAGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
The economic value of energy storage to meet peak electricity demand is analyzed with an emphasis on the role of demand uncertainty. The concept of the stabilization value, which measures that part of the benefit of the storage project which is due solely to the stochastic demand components, is defined. The magnitude of the stabilization value, relative to the overall value of energy storage, is evaluated in terms of a simple model that accounts for the relevant characteristics of the electric power utility's production mix. It is found that neglecting the demand uncertainty can seriously bias the benefit assessment of the storage project as well as the determination of the optimal storage capacity.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14267

RESOURCE EXPLOITATION, BIODIVERSITY LOSS AND ECOLOGICAL EVENTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
We study the management of a natural resource that supports ecosystems as well as human needs.   The reduction in the resource base introduces a threat of occurrence of catastrophic ecological events, such as the sudden collapse of the national habitat that lead to severe loss of biodiversity.  The event occurrence conditions involve uncertainty of various types, and the distinction among these types affects the optimal exploitation policies.  When uncertainty is due to our ignorance of some aspects of the underlying ecology, the isolated equilibrium states characterizing optimal exploitation for many renewable resource problems become equilibrium intervals.  Events triggered by genuinely stochastic environmental conditions maintain the structure of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Resource management; Event uncertainty; Biodiversity; Extinction; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14981

ITERATIVE LEAST SQUARES ESTIMATION OF CENSORED REGRESSION MODELS WITH UNKNOWN ERROR DISTRIBUTIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14118

A GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM ANALYSIS OF CONJUNCTIVE GROUND AND SURFACE WATER USE WITH AN APPLICATION TO MOROCCO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Dinar,   Ariel; Roe,   Terry L.; Tsur,   Yacov.
Groundwater resources (GW) account for nearly 30 percent of the world sustainable water supplies. Yet, this resource, which is fraught with externalities, has largely been left unregulated. The economic literature on GW is predominantly of a partial equilibrium type, taking the rest of the economy parametrically. We analyze GW regulation in a general equilibrium setting, focusing on the stabilization value of GW under natural (draught) and economic (rural-urban water transfer) shocks. A general equilibrium approach allows evaluating direct and indirect effects of GW regulation on agriculture and non-agriculture sectors and extends the scope for water policy. The analysis is applied to Morocco by extending an existing computable general equilibrium (CGE)...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7143

THE BUFFER VALUE OF GROUNDWATER WITH STOCHASTIC SURFACE WATER SUPPLIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Graham-Tomasi,   Theodore.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14148

TESTING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF DEVIATIONS FROM RATIONAL BEHAVIOR
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov.
We propose procedures for testing statistically the significance of violations of nonparametric tests of optimization axioms when observed behavior is measured with error. The tests are robust against parametric specification of the error distribution, thus are nonparametric in both the statistical and economic senses, and are readily implemented numerically. An illustration with demand data is presented.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/13267

Understanding the Direct and Indirect Effects of Water Policy for Better Policy Decision Making: An Application to Irrigation Water Management in Morocco
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roe,   Terry L.; Dinar,   Ariel; Tsur,   Yacov; Diao,   Xinshen.
Water policy is prone to error because of the complexity of irrigated agriculture. Agriculture is spatially dependent, it exists in the context of a nation's economy with which it must compete for resources, and water markets seldom exist. The process of collective action, as Douglas North has noted, typically involves a process that places emphasis on the direct effects of a policy outcome. The constraints of collective action tend to be such that this process is not capable of "solving" the simultaneous equations of a real economy as a decentralized market mechanism can be characterized as being able to perform. The contribution of the paper is to measure the direct and indirect effects of irrigation water policy in an economy-wide context for the case...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25679