Consulta: creatorFacets:"van Kooten,   G. Cornelis"
Registros recuperados: 100
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 10:40:02

Are Agricultural Values a Reliable Guide in Determining Landowners’ Decisions to Create Carbon Forest Sinks?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines the effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes, and potential costs of sequestering carbon through afforestation in western Canada. Using data from a survey of landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of landowners’ participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative benefits to landowners from planting trees, benefits not captured by foregone returns from agricultural activities on marginal land. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone returns, but even so average costs of creating carbon credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Willingness to accept compensation for tree planting; Afforestation; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q15; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37017

DOES INCLUSION OF LANDOWNERS' NON-MARKET VALUES LOWER COSTS OF CREATING CARBON FOREST SINKS?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Suchanek,   Pavel; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on farmer participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes. Using data from a survey of Canadian agricultural landowners, a discrete choice random utility model is used to determine the probability of farmers' participation and corresponding mean willingness to accept (WTA) compensation for a tree-planting program. WTA includes positive and negative nonmarket benefits to landowners from planting trees. Estimates of WTA are less than foregone agricultural rents, but average costs of creating carbon credits still exceed their projected value under a CO2-emissions trading scheme
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18151

EXPERT OPINION VERSUS TRANSACTION EVIDENCE: USING THE REILLY INDEX TO MEASURE OPEN SPACE PREMIUMS IN THE URBAN-RURAL FRINGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Due to economic and population growth farmland and to a lesser extend other undeveloped areas are under pressure in the urban-rural fringe in British Columbia, Canada. The objectives of this paper are to determine if residential property values near Victoria, BC include open-space premiums for farmland or parks or both, and to determine if using assessed values instead of market prices of the property result in the same findings. We estimate a SUR (Seemingly Unrelated Regression) model with two hedonic pricing equations, one with actual market values as the dependent variable and one with assessed property values, and compare the resulting estimates of shadow prices for open space amenities. Furthermore, we take account of spatial autocorrelation and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Assessed property values; Value of open space; Geographical Information System; Reilly; GMM; Spatial dependence; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6705

Climate Change and Forest Ecosystem Sinks: Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18152

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026

The Ghost of Extinction: Preservation Values and Minimum Viable Population in Wildlife Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eiswerth,   Mark E.
The inclusion of a minimum viable population in bioeconomic modeling creates at least two complications that are not resolved by using a modified logistic growth function. The first complication can be dealt with by choosing a different depensational growth function. The second complication relates to the inclusion of the in situ benefits of wildlife into the analysis. Knowledge about the magnitude of the in situ benefits provides no guide for policy about conservation management. Simply knowing that people are willing to pay a large amount each year to protect a species says nothing about whether one should manage habitat to protect or enhance the species’ numbers, unless the species is in imminent danger of extinction. If willingness to pay is to be a...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Marginal willingness to pay; Endangered species and extinction; Minimum viable population; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q24; C61.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9790

Expert Opinion versus Transaction Evidence: Using the Reilly Index to Measure Open Space Premiums in the Urban-Rural Fringe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Due to economic and population growth farmland and to a lesser extend other undeveloped areas are under pressure in the urban-rural fringe in British Columbia, Canada. The objectives of this paper are to determine if residential property values near Victoria, BC include open-space premiums for farmland, parks or golf courses, and to determine if using assessed values instead of market prices of the property result in the same findings. We estimate a Seemingly Unrelated Regression (SUR) model with two hedonic pricing equations, one with actual market values as the dependent variable and one with assessed property values, and compare the resulting estimates of shadow prices for open space amenities. Furthermore, we take account of spatial autocorrelation and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Spatial dependence; Assessed property values; Open space; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R14; R52; C21; Q20; H23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37085

Fuzzy Logic and Preference Uncertainty in Non-market Valuation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In seeking to value environmental amenities and public goods, individuals often have trouble trading off the (vague) amenity or good against a monetary measure. Valuation in these circumstances can best be described as fuzzy in terms of the amenity valued, perceptions of property rights, and the numbers chosen to reflect values. In this paper, we apply fuzzy logic to contingent valuation, employing a fuzzy clustering approach for incorporating preference uncertainty obtained from a follow-up certainty confidence question. We develop a Fuzzy Random Utility Maximization (FRUM) framework where the perceived utility of each individual is fuzzy in the sense that an individual’s utility belongs to each cluster to some degree. The model is then applied to a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Random utility maximization and fuzzy logic; Contingent valuation and preference uncertainty; C-means clustering; Forest conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; C35.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37021

Farmland Conservation in the Netherlands and British Columbia, Canada: A Comparative Analysis Using GIS-Based Hedonic Pricing Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of urban development farmland in many countries is under pressure. Reasons to preserve farmland are related to cultural heritage, food safety, open space, the environment, but also slowing and restricting development is a reason. To protect farmland countries use different land use policies. This paper will look specifically at two jurisdictions: The Netherlands and a particularly rich farming area in British Columbia, Canada. For these areas we will investigate how the institutions and laws present in these jurisdictions contribute to agricultural land preservation. We will analyse farmland values in a GIS-based hedonic pricing framework to answer this question. This combination enables us to analyse direct impacts of laws and regulations...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hedonic pricing models; Zoning policies; Geographical Information System; Agricultural land values at the urban fringe; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q10; Q15; R52.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37045

Protecting the African Elephant: A Dynamic Bioeconomic Model of Ivory Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
International trade in ivory is banned in order to protect the African elephant. The trade ban is supported by some range states, because it is seen as an effective means for protecting a 'flagship' species, but is opposed by states, mainly in southern Africa, because populations exceed the carrying capacity of local ecosystems. Issues concerning the ivory trade ban are addressed in this paper using a dynamic partial-equilibrium trade model that consists of four ivory exporting regions and a single demand region. Results indicate that a trade ban might not be successful in maintaining elephant populations, even if it leads to a stigma effect that reduces demand and increases the marginal costs of marketing ivory. Results suggest that the species will...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21206

Hobby Farms and Protection of Farmland in British Columbia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stobbe,   Tracy; Eagle,   Alison J.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hobby farmers; Agricultural Land Reserve; Geographical Information System; Urban-rural fringe; Zoning systems; Farmland fragmentation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; R11; R15; C50; R14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37048

Quality of Life as an Explanation of the Divergence between Ranchers’' WTA and WTP for Public Forage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Voss,   Graham M.
This research provides empirical support for divergence between WTA and WTP, based on results from a 2002 survey of Nevada ranchers. WTP for public forage and WTA compensation to part with grazing rights are estimated simultaneously, with the estimators demonstrating a statistically significant divergence while enabling identification of ranch characteristics that influence the discrepancy in valuations. We conclude that ranching lifestyle (quality of life) accounts for some of the difference between WTP and WTA.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21162

AN ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO THE EVALUATION OF GOAL HIERARCHIES AMONG FARMERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Schoney,   Richard A.; Hayward,   Keith A.
Results of a study of goal orderings of Saskatchewan farmers who participate in the province's FARMLAB Program are presented.  We use the method of fuzzy pair-wise comparisons which allows the respondent to indicate a degree of preference between two alternative goal statements, thereby providing more information than in the binary case.  From survey data ratio-scale scores are constructed for eight goal statements, and these are regressed on a set of farm enterprise and household characteristics and a psychological locus-of-control (or I-E) score.  The empirical results indicate that goodness-of-fit measures are better than those obtained by other researchers, perhaps because a psychological measure (I-E score) is included as an explanatory variable for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Farm Management.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32535

ARE LOG MARKETS COMPETITIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA-U.S. TRADE IN SOFTWOOD LUMBER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under the U.S. Department of Commerce’s ‘changed circumstances’ review, it is possible that the countervail duty on Canadian lumber can be lowered if administered stumpage prices are based on transaction evidence appraisal – on actual auction data and regression analysis. The Province of British Columbia is implementing such a marketbased approach to set stumpage fees, relying on timber auction data from the Small Business Forest Enterprise Program (SBFEP) and OLS regression. We employ SBFEP data to estimate a truncated regression model, comparing our estimates of stumpage fees with the OLS results. It turns out that the OLS approach is biased and likely results in overestimates of stumpage in some timber stands and underestimates in others. Further, we...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18164

Utility-scale Wind Power: Impacts of Increased Penetration
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pitt,   Lawrence; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Love,   Murray; Djilali,   Ned.
Intermittent renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, run-of-river hydro, tidal streams and wave fluxes present interesting challenges when exploited in the production of electricity, which is then integrated into existing and future grids. We focus on wind energy systems because they have an emerging presence, with new installed capacity approaching 8 GW annually. We survey many studies and compile estimates of regulation, load following and unit commitment impacts on utility generating assets with increasing wind penetration. Reliability (system reserve), observed capacity factors and the effective capacity (ability to displace existing generation assets) of wind energy systems are discussed. A simple energy balance model and some results from...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37009

Bio-energy from Mountain Pine Beetle Timber and Forest Residuals: The Economics Story
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In light of the large volumes of pine killed in the Interior forests in British Columbia by the mountain pine beetle, many are keen to employ forest biomass as an energy source. To assess the feasibility of a wood biomass-fired power plant in the BC Interior it is necessary to know both how much physical biomass might be available over the life of a plant, but also its location because transportation costs are likely to be a major operating cost for any facility. To address these issues, we construct a mathematical programming model of fiber flows in the Quesnel Timber Supply Area of BC over a 25-year time horizon. The focus of the model is on minimizing the cost of supplying feedstock throughout space and time. Results indicate that over the life of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest economics; Biomass and bio-energy; Forest pests; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q23; Q42.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45476

Economics of Forest Ecosystem Carbon Sinks: A Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Sohngen,   Brent.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. In this study, we review issues related to the use of terrestrial forestry activities to create CO2 offset credits. To gain a deeper understanding of the confusing empirical studies of forest projects to create carbon credits under Kyoto, we employ meta-regression analysis to analyze conditions under which forest activities generate CO2-emission reduction offsets at competitive ‘prices’. In particular, we examine 68 studies of the costs of creating carbon offsets using forestry. Baseline estimates of costs of sequestering carbon are some US$3–$280 per tCO2, indicating that the costs of creating CO2-emission offset credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Kyoto Protocol; Meta-regression analysis; Carbon-uptake costs; Forest sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; H43; C19.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37037

Climate Change Impacts on Waterfowl Habitat in Western Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Wetlands; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107094

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of the Kyoto Protocol (KP) and its so-called "flexibility mechanisms", climate change and mechanisms to mitigate its potential effects have attracted considerable economic and policy attention. A major reason for this attention is that the KP has a complex set of instruments that enable countries to achieve emissions reduction targets in a wide variety of ways, some of which are unlikely to lead to real, long-term reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. One purpose of this chapter, therefore, is to provide an overview of economic reasoning applied to climate change and to illustrate how terrestrial carbon uptake credits (offset credits) operate within the KP framework. Attention is focused on the feasibility of terrestrial carbon sinks to slow...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18160

Wind Power Development: Opportunities and Challenges
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Timilsina,   Govinda R.
In this study, the prospects of wind power at the global level are reviewed. Existing studies indicate that the earth’s wind energy supply potential significantly exceeds global energy demand. Yet, only 1% of the global electricity demand is currently derived from wind power despite 40% annual growth in wind generating capacity over the last 25 years. More than 98% of total current wind power capacity is installed in the developed countries plus China and India. Existing studies estimate that wind power could supply 7% to 34% of global electricity needs by 2050. Wind power faces a large number of technical, financial, institutional, market and other barriers. To overcome these, many countries have employed various policy instruments, including capital...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind energy; Renewable energy; Electricity grids; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q32; Q42; Q48.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45665

Wind Integration into Various Generation Mixtures
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maddaloni,   Jesse D.; Rowe,   Andrew M.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
A load balance model is used to quantify the economic and environmental effects of integrating wind power into three typical generation mixtures. System operating costs over a specified period are minimized by controlling the operating schedule of existing power generating facilities for a range of wind penetrations. Unlike other studies, variable generator efficiencies, and thus variable fuel costs, are taken into account, as are the ramping constraints on thermal generators. Results indicate that system operating cost will increase by 15% to 110% (pending generation mixture) at a wind penetration of 100% of peak demand. Results also show that some mixtures will exhibit cost reductions on the order of 13% for moderate wind penetrations and high wind farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind power integration; Generation mixtures; Emissions cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; Q50.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37044

Linking Forests and Economic Well-Being: A Four-Quadrant Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Sen; DesRoches,   C. Tyler; Sun,   Lili; Stennes,   Brad; Wilson,   Bill; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This paper has three main objectives: (1) to investigate whether the four-quadrant approach introduced by Maini (2003) reveals a useful typology for grouping countries by GDP and forest cover per capita, (2) to determine if the framework can enhance our understanding of the relationship between forest cover and GDP per capita, and (3) to investigate why countries in the four-quadrant world occupy different quadrants, and to determine the principal factors affecting country-movement across and within the individual quadrants. The examination reveals that countries can be classified into four broad categories, and that GDP and forest cover per capita have a low but consistent level of negative association. After regressing economic, institutional, social...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic well-being; Forest cover; Institutions; Corruption; Education; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; G00; I20; Q23.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37036

The Impact of Agriculture on Waterfowl Abundance: Evidence from Panel Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wong,   Linda; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Clarke,   Judith A.
Agricultural expansion and intensification in Canada’s Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) have contributed to declining waterfowl populations since the 1970s. Although this region represents a mere 10% of North America’s waterfowl breeding habitat, it produces over 50% of the continent’s duck population and roughly 60% of Canada’s agricultural output. Thus, intense competition exists between private economic interests and public benefits in the PPR. To better understand the conflict between agricultural and wildlife uses of land, panel methods are used to examine the spatiotemporal variation of waterfowl populations and agricultural land use intensity in the PPR from 1961-2006. For the main static model, we find that a one percent increase in cropland or pasture...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wetlands protection; Spatial econometrics; GIS; Land use conflict; Migratory waterfowl; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C33; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98422

Deforestation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Folmer,   Henk; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q58; R14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37035

Wind Power: The Economic Impact of Intermittency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Wind is the fastest growing renewable energy source for generating electricity, but economic research lags behind. In this study, therefore, we examine the economics of integrating large-scale wind energy into an existing electrical grid. Using a simple grid management model to investigate the impact of various levels of wind penetration on grid management costs, we show that costs of reducing CO2 emissions by relying more on wind power depend on the generation mix of the existing electricity grid and the degree of wind penetration, with costs ranging from $21 to well over $1000 per tonne of CO2 reduced. Costs are lowest if wind displaces large amounts of fossil fuel production and there is some hydroelectric power to act as a buffer. Hydro capacity has...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind power; Carbon costs; Electricity grids; Mathematical programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q41; C61.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54370

Economic Aspects of Wind Power Generation in Developing Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wong,   Linda.
Power interruptions are a typical characteristic of national grids in developing countries. Manufacturing, processing, refrigeration and other facilities that require a dependable supply of power, and might be considered a small grid within the larger national grid, employ diesel generators for backup. In this study, we develop a stochastic simulation model of a very small grid connected to an unreliable national grid to show that the introduction of wind generated power can, despite its intermittency, reduce costs significantly. For a small grid with a peak load of 2.85 MW and diesel generating capacity of 3.75 MW provided by two diesel generators, the savings from using wind energy (based on wind data for Mekelle, Ethiopia) can amount to over a million...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind energy and development; Stochastic simulation of electricity grids; Economic savings from wind power; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54706

Economics of Forest and Agricultural Carbon Sinks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q10; Q23; Q27; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37013

Severing the Link between Farm Program Payments and Farm Production: Motivation, International Efforts, and Lessons
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Clayton W.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93398

Carbon Sinks and Reservoirs: The Value of Permanence and Role of Discounting
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Scientists are enthusiastic about storing carbon in terrestrial sinks and geological reservoirs in order to obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil-fuel use. Estimating relative costs of various options depends on how permanence is assessed and whether physical carbon is discounted. We demonstrate that, in carbon markets, terrestrial sinks credits cannot be traded one-for-one for emission reduction credits and the conversion factor would depend on how long sinks keep CO2 out of the atmosphere as compared with emission reductions and, discounting physical carbon. As a result, the authority could not determine a conversion factor and the market would be required to do so.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset; Carbon sinks; Discounting physical carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37018

Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Manley,   James G.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Moeltner,   Klaus; Johnson,   Dale W.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are often seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. To determine whether this is true for agriculture, one meta-regression analysis (52 studies, 536 observations) examines the costs of switching from conventional tillage to no-till, while another (51 studies, 374 observations) compares carbon accumulation under the two practices. Costs per ton of carbon uptake are determined by combining the two results. The viability of agricultural carbon sinks is found to vary by region and crop, with no-till representing a low-cost option in some regions (costs of less than $10/tC), but a high-cost option in others (costs of $100-$400/tC). A particularly important finding is that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Costs of soil carbon credits; Conventional and zero tillage systems; Carbon accumulation in soil; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q50.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36994

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Endangered species and extinction; Wildlife farming; Economics of natural; Mathematical bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q27; C61; Q57.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61071

Elephants and the Ivory Trade Ban: Summary of Research Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57807

Biological Carbon Sinks: Transaction Costs and Governance
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Activities that remove CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in forest and agricultural ecosystems can generate CO2-offset credits that can thus substitute for CO2 emissions reduction. Are biological CO2-uptake activities competitive with CO2 offsets from reduced fossil fuel use? In this paper, it is argued that transaction costs impose a formidable obstacle to direct substitution of carbon uptake offsets for emissions reduction in trading schemes, and that separate caps should be set for emissions reduction and sink-related activities. While a tax/subsidy scheme is preferred to emissions trading for incorporating biologically-generated CO2 offsets, contracts that focus on the activity and not the amount of carbon sequestered are most likely to lead to the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon sequestration; Transaction costs; Climate change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q54; Q23; Q42; H23; D23.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45505

Divergence between WTA and WTP Revisited: Livestock Grazing on Public Range
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Voss,   Graham M.
The research reported here provides further empirical support for the contention that there is a divergence between WTA and WTP. The conclusion is based on results from a 2002 survey of Nevada ranchers that asked about willingness to pay for public forage and WTA compensation to part with grazing rights. WTP and WTA are estimated simultaneously, with the estimators used to demonstrate a statistically significant divergence between WTP and WTA. The simultaneous estimation allows us to identify ranch characteristics that influence the discrepancy in valuations. Ranch size, public grazing allotment, financial distress, and long term commitment to ranching are all significant influences on the disparity. We interpret these results both with respect to general...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation methods; Dichotomous choice surveys; WTA versus WTP; Grazing rights and public forage; Agribusiness; Land Economics/Use; Q15; Q24; Q51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37014

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94936

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry: Economic Perspectives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Economists are rarely brought into the interdisciplinary research until the biophysical scientists have developed their models, made their measurements or completed their research task. The research economist is then brought in to do what amounts to a consulting task – provide some numbers that indicate impacts on the economy and employment. In this paper, I begin by illustrating cases from forestry where this leads to erroneous and costly policy outcomes. However, the main objective of this paper is to examine the role of genetic engineering in forestry and agriculture. In forestry, planting of genetically-modified (GM) tree species is nearly non-existent, with the exception of hybrid poplar that is used to produce pulp or fuel. However, as explored here,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Precautionary principle; Economics of genetically-modified organisms; Agriculture and forestry; Mountain pine beetle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O13; O32; Q11; Q18; Q23.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107480

Challenges for Less Developed Countries: Agricultural Policies in the EU and the US
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schure,   Paul; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wang,   Yichuan.
Agricultural policies adopted by developed countries are considered distortional and detrimental to less developed countries (LDCs). This paper discusses the adverse impacts on less developed countries of the agricultural support regimes of the European Union (EU) and the United States (US). Despite the fact that the budget for agriculture in these constituencies has the same order of magnitude, we find that the EU relies much more heavily on agricultural support than does the US. Specifically, the EU provides agricultural producers with an amount of support that is about two-and-a-half times that of the US, and for most commodities a larger share of farmers’ income stems from support measures as well. While the composition of producer support differs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural support; European Union; US; Developing countries; Least-developed countries; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q14; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37047

Network Constrained Wind Integration: An Optimal Cost Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maddaloni,   Jesse D.; Rowe,   Andrew M.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Planning electricity supply is important because power demand continues to increase while there is a concomitant desire to increase reliance on renewable sources. Extant research pays particular attention to highly variable, low-carbon energy sources such as wind and small-scale hydroelectric power. Models generally employ only a simple load levelling technique, ensuring that generation meets demand in every period. The current research considers the power transmission system as well as load levelling. A network model is developed to simulate the integration of highly variable non-dispatchable power into an electrical grid that relies on traditional generation sources, while remaining within the network’s operating constraints. The model minimizes a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electric networks; Optimal power flow; Wind power; Intermittent sources; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37034

Voluntary Environmental Action and Export Destinations: The Case of Forest Certification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moeltner,   Klaus; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
There is an increasing tendency for forest product firms worldwide to adopt sound environmental management practices by voluntarily agreeing to have their forest practices certified by third parties. Using a simple model of profit maximization, we illustrate that the puzzling emergence of this non-state, self-imposed governance structure is compatible with firms' profit motives. An empirical model using firm data from three countries shows firm location and export destinations play a key role in firms' decisions to seek certification, while the nature of forestland ownership has no significant impact on certification decisions.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Export markets; Forest certification; Profit maximization; Discrete choice models; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31100

Integrating Wind Power in Electricity Grids: An Economic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Jia; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Pitt,   Lawrence.
As a renewable energy source, wind power is gaining popularity as a favoured alternative to fossil fuel, nuclear and hydro power generation. In Europe, countries are required to achieve 15% of their energy consumption from wind by 2010 as the EU strives to meet its Kyoto obligations. Wind power is considered to be environmentally friendly and low cost. While environmental friendliness has come under scrutiny because wind turbines continue to pose a hazard to birds, are visually unappealing, affect the uses of land and change air flows, the purpose of this paper is to examine the question of its presumed low cost and effectiveness at reducing CO2 emissions by replacing power generated from fossil fuels. To do so, we develop a mathematical programming model...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Wind and nuclear power; Economics of power generation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q40; Q54; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37010

Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-Visited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, nonpermanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44262

Dynamic Programming and Learning Models for Management of a Nonnative Species
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eiswerth,   Mark E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Lines,   Jeff M.; Eagle,   Alison J.
Nonnative invasive species result in sizeable economic damages and expensive control costs. Because dynamic optimization models break down if controls depend in complex ways on past controls, non-uniform or scale-dependent spatial attributes, etc., decision support systems that allow learning may be preferred. We compare three models of an invasive weed in California’s grazing lands: (1) a stochastic dynamic programming model, (2) a reinforcement-based, experience-weighted attraction (EWA) learning model, and (3) an EWA model that also includes stochastic forage growth and penalties for repeated application of environmentally harmful control techniques. Results indicate that EWA learning models may be appropriate for invasive species management.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Invasive weed species; Optimal control; Adaptive management; Environmental Economics and Policy; C73; Q57.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37015

Carbon Incentive Mechanisms and Land-Use Implications for Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Suchanek,   Pavel; Shaikh,   Sabina L.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This research examines effects of various factors on participation in agricultural tree plantations for economic, environmental, social and carbon-uptake purposes.  Using survey data from 2000 mail surveys of Canadian farmers, a discrete choice random utility analysis is used to determine probability of farmers' participation and the corresponding mean willingness to accept a tree-planting program.  Estimation results show that the required compensation for accepting a tree-planting program is higher than the compensation suggested by a normative approach
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20607

The Effect of Climate Change on Land Use and Wetlands Conservation in Western Canada: An Application of Positive Mathematical Programming
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Withey,   Patrick; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
This study examines the impact of climate change on land use in the Prairie Pothole Region of Western Canada, with particular emphasis on how climate change will impact wetlands. A multi-region Positive Mathematical Programming model calibrates land use in the area to observed acreage in 2006. Policy simulations for both climate effects as well as the effects of biofuel policies determine how climate change will affect land use and wetlands. Given that the model calibrates to observed acreage, the policies provide a realistic view of how land use might change from current levels, given the effects of climate change. Results indicate that climate change could decrease wetlands in this area by as much as 50 percent. The effect will be very different...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Positive mathematical programming; Wetlands conservation; Land use change; Climate change; Biofuels; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; C02; C63; Q15; Q54; Q57; Q24; Q25.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107095

Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems as a Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Wang,   Yichuan; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna.
Under Kyoto, forestry activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in forest ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Non-permanent carbon offsets from forest activities are difficult to compare with each other and with mitigation strategies because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. In this paper, we investigate issues of carbon sequestration in detail, but in particular we expand in comprehensive fashion on earlier work comparing carbon mitigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset credits from forestry activities; Meta-regression analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9931

BIOFUELS, AGRICULTURE AND CLIMATE CHANGE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hubert,   Marie-Helene; Chakravorty,   Ujjayant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In the context of ever-increasing petroleum prices combined with concerns about climate change, timing of adoption and rate of diffusion of land-based fuels and backstop technologies for transportation use are examined in this paper. A global model of land allocation joined with a Hotelling model has been developed. Using this framework, effects of climate and energy policies on world agricultural and energy markets have been explored. Further, their regional impacts are also analyzed. Whereas mandatory blending bio-fuels have substantial effects on world food prices and do not succeed in curbing down carbon emissions fluxes, carbon targets are expected to speed up date of adoption of backstop technologies. Then, sensitivity scenarios with regards to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ricardian rents; Land use; Biofuels; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44259

What Makes Mountain Pine Beetle a Tricky Pest? Difficult Decisions when Facing Beetle Attack in a Mixed Species Forest
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogle,   Tim; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The pine forest of British Columbia is undergoing its largest recorded pest epidemic. The damage caused by native mountain pine beetle creates difficulties for the public owner of the resource, which is interested in protecting future timber supply while salvaging dead and dying pine. This paper addresses two problems that have often been over-looked: the variability and timing of beetle attack, and the variability of pine inventory in each stand. Management controls are limited to the annual rate of harvest and timber product outputs are based on shelf life – the length of time infested timber can still be used to produce lumber. Using mathematical programming to schedule harvest, we introduce a novel objective function based on the maximization of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Optimal timber supply; Catastrophic disturbance; Shelf life of damaged trees; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117439

The Ghost of Extinction: Preservation Values and Minimum Viable Population in Wildlife Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eiswerth,   Mark E.
The inclusion of a minimum viable population in bioeconomic modeling creates at least two complications that are not resolved by using a modified logistic growth function. The first complication can be dealt with by choosing a different depensational growth function. The second complication relates to the inclusion of the in situ benefits of wildlife into the analysis. Knowledge about the magnitude of the in situ benefits provides no guide for policy about conservation management. Simply knowing that people are willing to pay a large amount each year to protect a species says nothing about whether one should manage habitat to protect or enhance the species’ numbers, unless the species is in imminent danger of extinction. If willingness to pay is to be a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Marginal willingness to pay; Endangered species and extinction; Minimum viable population; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q20; Q24; C61.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37912

ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL DETERMINANTS OF THE POPULATION OF A SENSITIVE SPECIES: SAGE GROUSE IN NEVADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.; Eiswerth,   Mark E.; Feng,   Hui.
This paper uses Nevada data to conduct regression analyses of the relationship between sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population sizes and potential causal factors. This is policy-relevant because of current petitions for listing this species under the Endangered Species Act. A key feature is that, although monitoring of sage grouse has occurred for many decades, data collection methods and level of monitoring effort have not been consistent. To account for this feature we use, as dependent variables, standardized measures such as population counts and harvest (hunting success) per unit of effort. Preliminary findings suggest that such measures have been particularly sensitive to whether or not humans used strychnine for predator control, with...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20382

USING CONTINGENT VALUATION WITH RESPONDENT UNCERTAINTY TO ESTIMATE THE COSTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE PROGRAMS: AN APPLICATION TO CANADIAN LANDOWNERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Using a survey of western Canadian agricultural landowners, we examine the cost and viability of two distinct afforestation options for carbon-uptake purposes.  Responses to two separate, but most-likely related willingness to accept compensation questions are elicited using the contingent valuation method.   Respondents then select the level of certainty with which they believe their responses were given.   This paper provides a framework for estimation of the bivariate model with certainty and a modification of the model to incorporate uncertainty based on Li and Mattson's approach to preference uncertainty.  While highly preliminary results are given for the bivariate model with certainty, applications of both models will be presented at the 2003 AAEA...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21906

MANAGING FORESTS FOR MULTIPLE TRADEOFFS: COMPROMISING ON TIMBER, CARBON AND BIODIVERSITY OBJECTIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan.
In this paper, we develop a multiple objective, decision-making model that focuses on forest policies that simultaneously achieve carbon uptake and maintenance of ecosystem diversity objectives. Two forest carbon measures are used - a nominal (undiscounted) net carbon uptake as a proxy for long-term carbon sequestration and discounted net carbon uptake that captures the "fast" carbon accumulation aspect. Ecosystem diversity is expressed in terms of desired structures for forest and afforested agricultural land. Economic effects of possible strategies are examined by comparing attainment of these objectives with the net discounted returns from commercial timber harvests and agricultural activities. The tradeoffs between timber and non-timber objectives are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18161

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What Do Stoves Have To Do With It?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
In Ethiopia deforestation is a major problem and many peasants have switched from fuelwood to dung for cooking and heating purposes, thereby damaging the agricultural productivity of cropland. The Ethiopian government has embarked on a two-pronged policy in an effort to stem deforestation and the degradation of agricultural lands: (i) tree planting or afforestation; (ii) dissemination of more efficient stove technologies. The motivation in here is, therefore, to examine the potential of the strategy of disseminating improved stoves in the rehabilitation of agricultural and forests lands. For empirical analysis we used a dataset on cross-section of 200 farm households from the highlands of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia. We used a two-step procedure reminiscent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Fuel-savings efficiency; Stoves; Ethiopia; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25563

A Spatial Bayesian Hedonic Pricing Model of Farmland Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In 1973, British Columbia created the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR) to protect farmland from development. This study investigates whether the ALR has been effective near the city of Victoria. Therefore, we employ a GIS-based hedonic pricing model and quantify ALR specific measures. Bayesian Model Averaging in combination with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition are used to address specification uncertainty. Results show that zoning schemes are partly credible. Zoned farmland sells for lower prices than other farmland. However, farmland located closer to the city of Victoria is priced higher and hobby farmers pay higher prices than conventional farmers.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farmland prices; Bayesian Model Averaging; Hedonic pricing.; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44137

Waterfowl Harvest Benefits in Northern Aboriginal Communities and Potential Climate Change Impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Chan-McLeod,   Ann.
Migratory waterfowl are important to the diets of residents in Canada’s northern communities. Contrary to recreational hunters, indigenous peoples have rights to harvest wildlife for subsistence needs without permits. As a result, migratory waterfowl are an important component of diets of Aboriginal peoples in northern Canada, substituting for expensive beef transported from the south. Wild geese and duck provide many benefits to native people, including improved nutrition and health. In this paper, scaled-down data from global climate models are used in a wildlife model to project potential migratory waterfowl abundance in the Northwest Territories for three future periods up to 2080. The models project potential future harvests of geese and ducks by...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Subsistence harvests by indigenous peoples; Diet and nutrition; Climate change; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; O13.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94934

The Economics of Tidal Stream Power
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boronowski,   S.; Monahan,   K.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Renewable solar, tidal and wind energy have the potential of reducing dependency on fossil fuels and their environmentally negative impacts. Because of their variability, wind and solar energy in particular impose added costs on electrical grids as system operators attempt to balance operation of existing thermal power plants. In this regard, tidal stream power has an advantage over solar and wind energy as tides are predictable and comparatively regular; yet, tides remain intermittent and thereby still may create inefficiencies to the grid. In this paper, we develop a dynamic optimization framework for analyzing the allocation of power output across generating sources when tidal and wind power are added to the system. In particular, we minimize the cost...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Electrical grids; Mathematical programming models; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44260

Costs of Creating Carbon Offset Credits via Forestry Activities: A Meta-Regression Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna; Wang,   Yichuan.
The main focus of efforts to mitigate climate change is on the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions. However, the Kyoto rules permit the use of forestry activities that create carbon offset credits. These could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. It is necessary for policy purposes, therefore, to determine the cost effectiveness of creating forest sink carbon credits. In this study, meta-regression analyses with 1047 observations from 68 studies are used to determine factors that affect carbon sequestration costs. Results indicate that soil carbon is not very important, but that forest plantations and use of biomass for energy make forestry activities more attractive. It also turns out that forestry activities are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate mitigation; Forest carbon offset credits; Meta-regression analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37039

An Economic Analysis of Mountain Pine Beetle Impact in a Global Context
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The economic effects of the mountain pine beetle outbreak in British Columbia are simulated using a multi-region spatial price equilibrium model coupled with a stochastic dynamic updating procedure. The simulation captures expected changes in the B.C. timber supply, growth of plantation forests in the southern hemisphere and an escalating Russian log export tax. The results indicate lumber and log prices will rise in B.C., offsetting some of the economic loss to timber producers. However, on net producers in the B.C. forest industry will experience a decrease in economic surplus.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mountain pine beetle; Spatial price equilibrium; Trade modeling; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C67; F14; F17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37051

RESOLVING RANGE CONFLICT IN NEVADA? THE POTENTIAL FOR COMPENSATION VIA MONETARY PAYOUTS AND GRAZING ALTERNATIVES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hobby,   Thomas G.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In response to environmental pressure, public land agencies in Nevada have reduced animal unit months (AUMs) of grazing on public lands. This has resulted in economic losses to ranchers, increased conflict between ranchers and the public land agencies, and general unrest in the ranch community. One approach to resolving the problems might be to compensate ranchers for lost grazing privileges. In this study, we employ the results of the Nevada Ranch Survey to examine ranchers' willingness to accept a one-time payment to retire grazing rights, as well as three other means of "compensating" ranchers that enable them to earn a living from the public lands despite reduced access to public forage. The results suggest that ranchers are not keen on being...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18159

SOCIAL DILEMMAS AND PUBLIC RANGE MANAGEMENT: RESULTS FROM THE NEVADA RANCH SURVEY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Thomsen,   Roy W.; Hobby,   Thomas G.; Eagle,   Alison J.
Since the late 1960s, the Nevada ranch community has come under increasing pressure from environmental groups regarding their use of public lands for livestock grazing, thus increasing tension between ranchers and public land managers and potentially reducing the social capital that facilitates action and cooperation in range management. In this paper, we use responses to a survey of all public grazing permit holders in Nevada to investigate the changing relationships between ranchers and the public land agencies, and its potential implications. In particular, we investigate factors that affect ranchers' trust in the public land agencies, and then factors that influence the nature of the relationship between ranchers and the Bureau of Land Management and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18157

Can Forest Management Strategies Sustain The Development Needs Of The Little Red River Cree First Nation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Nelson,   Harry; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan; Webb,   Jim.
In this study, we explore whether projected socio-economic needs of the Little Red River Cree Nation (LRRCN) can be met using the natural resources to which they have access. To answer this question, we employ a dynamic optimization model to assess the capacity of the available forest base to provide for anticipated future needs of the LRRCN. Results for alternative management strategies indicate that decision-makers face significant tradeoffs in deciding an appropriate management strategy for the forestlands they control.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Boreal forest; First Nations; Forest management; Sustainability; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37012

MODELING ALTERNATIVE ZONING STRATEGIES IN FOREST MANAGEMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Vertinsky,   Ilan; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
To satisfy public demands for environmental values, forest companies face the prospect of reduced wood supply and increased costs. Some Canadian provincial governments have proposed intensifying silviculture in special zones dedicated to timber production as the means for pushing out the forest possibilities frontier. In this paper, we compare the traditional twozone land allocation framework, which includes ecological reserves and integrated forest management zones, with the triad (three-zone) scheme that adds a zone dedicated to intensive timber production. We compare the solutions of mixed-integer linear programs formulated under both land allocation frameworks and, through sensitivity analysis, explore the conditions under which the triad regime can...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18154

Hobby Farms and British Columbia'a Agricultural Land Reserve
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stobbe,   Tracy; Eagle,   Alison J.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Agricultural land protection near the urban-rural fringe is a goal of many jurisdictions, including British Columbia, Canada, which uses a provincial-wide zoning scheme to prevent subdivisions and non-agricultural uses of the land. Preferential taxes are also used to encourage agricultural use of the land. Small scale hobby farmers are present at the urban fringe near Victoria (the capital), both inside and outside of the Agricultural Land Reserve (ALR). The goal of this paper is to investigate whether hobby farms create problems for agricultural land preservation. We make use of a GIS (geographic information system) model to construct detailed spatial variables and analyse our parcel-level data set using an hedonic pricing model and a limited dependent...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Hobby farmers; Agricultural Land Reserve; Geographical Information System; Urban-rural fringe; Zoning systems; Farmland fragmentation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; R11; R15; C50; R14.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42244

Biological Carbon Sequestration and Carbon Trading Re-visited
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under Kyoto, biological activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in terrestrial ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. However, non-permanent carbon offsets from biological activities are difficult to compare with each other and with emissions reduction because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. This is the duration problem; it results in uncertainty and makes it difficult to determine the legitimacy of biological activities in mitigating climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset credits from biological activities; Climate change; Duration of carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37083

CONSERVATION PAYMENTS UNDER RISK: A STOCHASTIC DOMINANCE APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Conservation payments can be used to preserve forest and agroforest systems in developing countries. To explain landowners' land-use decisions and determine the appropriate conservation payments, it is necessary to focus on risk associated with agricultural price and yield volatility. A theoretical framework is provided for assessing land-use allocation problems under risk and setting risk-efficient conservation payments when returns are not necessary normally distributed. Stochastic dominance rules are used to derive conditions for determining the conservation payments required to guarantee that the environmentally-preferred land use dominates, even when land uses are not considered to be mutually exclusive. An empirical application to shaded-coffee...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Development; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18155

Natural Gas, Wind and Nuclear Options for Generating Electricity in a Carbon Constrained World
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
A linear programming model is used to examine the impact of carbon taxes on the optimal generation mix in the Alberta electrical system. The model permits decommissioning of generating assets with high carbon dioxide emissions and investment in new gas-fired, wind and, in some scenarios, nuclear capacity. Although there is an intertie from Alberta to the U.S., the focus is on the connection to British Columbia as wind energy can potentially be stored in reservoirs behind hydroelectric dams. However, storage can also be used to smooth out the net load facing nuclear facilities. A carbon tax facilitates early removal of coal-fired capacity, which is replaced by low-emissions gas plants. It is only when the carbon tax exceeds $125/tCO2 that wind enters the...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Nuclear power; Transmission capacity; Energy storage; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q54; Q48; Q58.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122353

Optimal Forest Strategies for Addressing Tradeoffs and Uncertainty in Economic Development under Old-Growth Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Eagle,   Alison J.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In Canada, governments have historically promoted economic development in rural regions by promoting exploitation of natural resources, particularly forests. Forest resources are an economic development driver in many of the more than 80% of native communities located in forest regions. But forests also provide aboriginal people with cultural and spiritual values, and non-timber forest amenities (e.g., biodiversity, wildlife harvests for meat and fur, etc.), that are incompatible with timber exploitation. Some cultural and other amenities can only be satisfied by maintaining a certain amount of timber in an old-growth state. In that case, resource constraints might be too onerous to satisfy development needs. We employ compromise programming and fuzzy...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forest-dependent aboriginal communities; Boreal forest; Compromise and fuzzy programming; Sustainability and uncertainty; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; R11; Q23; Q01; C61.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10251

Conservation Payments under Risk: A Stochastic Dominance Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Kuosmanen,   Timo; Olschewski,   Roland; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2004-05.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agroforest systems; Conservation payments; Land allocation; Portfolio diversification; Risk; Stochastic dominance; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C73; O54; Q23; Q57; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37024

The Economics of Wind Power: Destabilizing an Electricity Grid with Renewable Power
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prescott,   Ryan; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In this paper, we examine the impact policy choices, including a carbon tax, on the optimal allocation of power across different generation sources and on future investments in generating facilities. The focus in on the Alberta power grid as it is heavily dependent on fossil fuels and has only limited ties to other power grids, although the model could be extended to a larger and even multiple grids. Results indicate that, as wind penetrates the extant generating mix characterizing the grid, cost savings and emission reductions do not decline linearly, but at a decreasing rate. However, if flexibility is allowed then, as the carbon tax increases to $40 per tCO2 or above, existing coal plants start to be replaced by newly constructed wind farms and natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of wind power; Grid system modeling; Operations research; Carbon taxes; Coal power plants; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C61; H23; Q40; Q42.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37043

Institutions of sustainability in Central and Eastern European Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Slangen,   Louis H.G.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Suchanek,   Pavel.
The agricultural sector in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) is confronted by two huge problems simultaneously: transition processes and sustainability. Institutions are very important for both these problems. The purpose of this paper is to make clear that the institutional setting is very important, and to give insight into the initial situation of institutions for sustainability and transitions. For this purpose we carried out surveys in CEE with questions about government performance, institutional environment, government structures and social capital. There is strong relationship between the determinants of good government performance in general and those for good government for realizing sustainable agriculture. However, besides formal rules, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Institutions; Social capital; Sustainable agriculture and Central and Eastern Europe; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24797

CAN DOMESTICATION OF WILDLIFE LEAD TO CONSERVATION? THE ECONOMICS OF TIGER FARMING IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abbott,   Brant; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tigers are a threatened species that might soon disappear in the wild. Not only are tigers threatened by deteriorating and declining habitat, but poachers continue to kill tigers for traditional medicine, decoration pieces and so on. Although international trade in tiger products has been banned since 1987 and domestic trade within China since 1993, tigers continue to be poached and Chinese entrepreneurs have established tiger farms in anticipation of their demise. While China desires to permit sale of tiger products from captive-bred tigers, this is opposed on the grounds that it likely encourages illegal killing. Instead, wildlife conservationists lobby for more spending on anti-poaching and trade-ban enforcement. In this study, a mathematical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Extinction; Wildlife farming and bioeconomics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; Q27; C61; F13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46994

The Effect of Climate Change on Wetlands and Waterfowl in Western Canada: Incorporating Cropping Decisions into a Bioeconomic Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Withey,   Patrick; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
We extend an earlier bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention in the Prairie Pothole Region of Western Canada to include cropping decisions. Instead of a single state equation, the model has two state equations representing the population dynamics of ducks and the amount of wetlands. We use the model to estimate the impact of climate change on wetlands and waterfowl, including direct climate effects as well as land use change due to biofuel policies aimed at mitigating climate change. The model predicts that climate change will reduce wetlands by 47-56 percent from historic levels. Land use change is expected to reduce wetlands by 45 percent from historic levels, whereas direct climate effects will range from a reduction of 2-11...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modeling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Climate change; Biofuels; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25; Q54; C13; Q10; Q16.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117437

Implications of Expanding Bioenergy Production from Wood in British Columbia: An Application of a Regional Wood Fibre Allocation Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stennes,   Brad; Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Energy has been produced from woody biomass in British Columbia for many decades, but it was used primarily within the pulp and paper sector, using residual streams from timber processing, to create heat and electricity for on-site use. More recently, there has been limited stand-alone electricity production and increasing capacity to produce wood pellets, with both using ‘waste’ from the sawmill sector. Hence, most of the low-cost feedstock sources associated with traditional timber processing is now fully employed. While previous studies model bioenergy production in isolation, we employ a transportation model of the BC forest sector with 24 regions to demonstrate that it is necessary to consider the interaction between utilization of woody feedstock for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bioenergy production from wood fibre; Mountain pine beetle; Competition for fibre; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q42; C61; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50782

A Dynamic Bioeconomic Model of Ivory Trade: Details and Extended Results
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Trade in ivory is banned under CITES in an effort to protect the African elephant. The trade ban is supported by some range states, most notably Kenya, because they see the ban as an effective means for protecting a ‘flagship’ species, one that attracts tourists and foreign aid. It is opposed by some states, mainly in southern Africa, because their elephant populations are exceeding the capacity of local ecosystems with culling and other sources have resulted in the accumulation of large stocks of ivory. They argue that ivory trade will benefit elephant populations. The question of whether an ivory trade ban will protect elephant populations is addressed in this paper using a dynamic partial-equilibrium model that consists of four ivory exporting regions...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of elephant conservation; Economics of ivory trade; Trade bans; Cartels and quota; International Relations/Trade; F10; O55; Q26; Q27.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37030

STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC MODELING: DISCUSSION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32442

DEMAND FOR WILDLIFE HUNTING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Voss,   Graham M.
We present estimates of the demand for hunting licenses by residents and non residents in British Columbia for the period 1971–2000. We obtain estimates of both short-run and long- run price elasticities and discuss their revenue implications for future fee increases. We find the demand by non residents to be strongly correlated with U.S. income variation over the business cycle, but find no such role for cyclical income variation for resident hunters. The ability of the government to increase revenues from resident hunters turns out to be limited, particularly in the long run, while greater opportunities exist to raise revenues from U.S. hunters as short- and long-run price elasticities of demand are quite inelastic. We argue that conservation surcharges...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18153

DEMAND FOR WILDLIFE HUNTING IN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Voss,   Graham M.
We present estimates of the demand for hunting licenses by residents and non residents in British Columbia for the period 1971–2000. We obtain estimates of both short-run and long-run price elasticities and discuss their revenue implications for future fee increases. We further find the demand by non residents to be strongly correlated with U.S. income variation over the business cycle; however, we find no such role for cyclical income variation for resident hunters. Finally, we demonstrate that hunters respond differently to conservation surcharges on hunting licenses relative to direct licensing charges, which has implications for policy makers introducing environmental surcharges in various contexts.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18165

HOW COSTLY ARE CARBON OFFSETS? A META-ANALYSIS OF CARBON FOREST SINKS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.; Manley,   James G.; Smolak,   Tara M.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. As a result of agreements reached at Bonn and Marrakech, carbon offsets have taken on much greater importance in meeting Kyoto targets for the first commitment period. In this study, meta-regression analysis is used to examine 981 estimates from 55 studies of the costs of creating carbon offsets using forestry. Baseline estimates of costs of sequestering carbon through forest conservation are US$46.62–$260.29 per tC ($12.71–$70.99 per t CO2). Tree planting and agroforestry activities increase costs by more than 200%. When post-harvest storage of carbon in wood products, or substitution of biomass for fossil fuels in energy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18166

Resolving Range Conflict in Nevada? Buyouts and Other Compensation Alternatives
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Thomsen,   Roy W.; Hobby,   Thomas G.
Updated version of REPA Working Paper 2003-07.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Compensation for grazing rights; Environmental services; Range economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q00; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37023

Corruption, Development and the Curse of Natural Resources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pendergast,   Shannon M.; Clarke,   Judith A.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In 1995, Jeffrey Sachs and Andrew Warner found a negative relationship between natural resources and economic growth, and claimed that natural resources are a curse. Their work has been widely cited, with many economists now accepting the curse of natural resources as a welldocumented explanation of poor economic growth in some economies (e.g., Papyrakis and Gerlagh, 2004; Kronenberg, 2004). In this paper, we provide an alternative econometric framework for evaluating this claim, although we begin with a discussion of possible explanations for the curse and a critical assessment of the extant theory underlying the curse. Our approach is to identify natural resources that have the greatest rents and potential for exploitation through rent-seeking agents....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Natural resource curse; Petroleum resources; Unbalanced panels and GMM estimation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O12; Q32; Q34; O43; O47.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37913

The Potential for Wind Energy Meeting Electricity Needs on Vancouver Island
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Prescott,   Ryan; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Zhu,   Hui.
In this paper, an in-depth analysis of power supply and demand on Vancouver Island is used to provide information about the optimal allocation of power across ‘generating’ sources and to investigate the economics of wind generation and penetrability into the Island grid. The methodology developed can be extended to a region much larger than Vancouver Island. Results from the model indicate that Vancouver Island could experience blackouts in the near future unless greater name-plate capacity is developed. While wind-generated energy has the ability to contribute to the Island’s power needs, the problem with wind power is its intermittency. The results indicate that wind power may not be able to prevent shortfalls, regardless of the overall name-plate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economics of wind power; Grid system modeling; Operations research; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; Q50.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37032

Economic Impacts of Yellow Starthistle on California Ranchers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Eagle,   Alison J.; Eiswerth,   Mark E.; Johnson,   Wayne S.; Schoenig,   Steve E.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
While the significant ecosystem damage caused by invasive weeds has been well documented, the economic impacts of specific invasive weed species are poorly understood. Yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L., hereafter YST) is the most widespread non-crop weed in California, resulting in serious damage to forage on natural range and improved pasture. A survey was administered to California cattle ranchers to investigate YST infestation rates, loss of forage quantity and value, and control or eradication efforts. The results were used to estimate county-wide economic losses for three focus counties, as well as state-wide economic losses, due to YST in California. Total losses of livestock forage value due to YST on private land for the state of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Nonnative species; Invasive weeds; Yellow starthistle; Ranching profitability; Forage; Livestock; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37028

The Effect of Uncertainty on Contingent Valuation Estimates: A Comparison
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shaikh,   Sabina L.; Sun,   Lili; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
We examine the impact of uncertainty on contingent valuation responses using (1) a survey of Canadian landowners about willingness to accept compensation for converting cropland to forestry and (2) a survey of Swedish residents about willingness to pay for forest conservation. Five approaches from the literature for incorporating respondent uncertainty are used and compared to the traditional RUM model with assumed certainty. The results indicate that incorporating uncertainty has the potential to increase fit, but could introduce additional variance. While some methods for uncertainty are an improvement over traditional approaches, we caution against systematic judgments about the effect of uncertainty on contingent valuation responses.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Respondent uncertainty; Willingness to accept; Contingent valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q10; Q15; Q23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37025

Economic Analysis of Feed-in Tariffs for Generating Electricity from Renewable Energy Sources
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Feed-in tariffs; Renewable energy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/107093

ESTIMATION OF SOIL EROSION TIME PATHS:  THE VALUE OF  SOIL MOISTURE AND TOPSOIL DEPTH INFORMATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weisensel,   Ward P.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Rates of soil erosion in the dryland cropping region of Saskatchewan are investigated under alternative cropping strategies. Chemical fallow is examined as an alternative to tillage fallow for moisture and soil conservation. Conclusions include: (a) flexible cropping increases net discounted returns and substantially reduced soil erosion compared to the predominant crop rotation; (b) chemical fallow is a viable alternative to tillage fallow but only when topsoil already has been eroded substantially; and (c) an increase in the discount rate is soil conserving, since it causes producers to plant more often rather than fallow.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32497

Canada-US Softwood Lumber Trade Revisited: Examining the Role of Substitution Bias in the Context of a Spatial Price Equilibrium Framework
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mogus,   Anthony; Stennes,   Brad; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In the last two decades, softwood lumber trade between Canada and the United States has been characterized by numerous trade restrictions. Many studies have attempted to quantify the effects of such sanctions, and in doing so, softwood lumber was modeled as a single, homogenous commodity. However, recent research has suggested that this may be a misleading assumption, since not all softwood lumber products are equivalent substitutes. We refer to this problem as the substitution bias, and uniquely address this issue in estimating the effects of trade restricting policies. Using a spatial price equilibrium (spe) model, impacts of the post-sla import duties are estimated and compared to estimates of two alternative policy regimes – an export tax and quota. By...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Softwood lumber trade; Spatial price equilibrium; Lumber substitutability; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q23; Q27; Q58.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37016

Resolving Canada-U.S. Trade Disputes in Agriculture and Forestry: Lessons from Lumber
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Biggs,   Jeffrey; Laaksonen-Craig,   Susanna; Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Prominent trade disputes between Canada and the U.S. involve agriculture and forestry, with lack of transparency caused by Canadian non-market institutions a source of U.S. objections. Though there has been a recent flurry of activity in the binational dispute resolution panel on Canadian exports of wheat, one of every six panels since 1989 has involved softwood lumber. We examine lessons from the lumber dispute to shed light on U.S. objections to the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB). We argue that U.S. lumber lobbyists will continue to use perceived Canadian institutional obscurity to keep pressure on policymakers, while the CWB system enables similar agricultural interests in to agitate for trade sanctions. Traditional strategies such as dispute resolution...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37011

Forest Management Zone Design with a Tabu Search Algorithm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krcmar,   Emina; Mitrovic-Minic,   Snezana; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Vertinsky,   Ilan.
Increased conflicts between timber production and environmental protection led some analysts to advocate land-use segregation, often referred to as forest management zoning. The objective of zoning is to create ecologically desirable non-fragmented forest reserves and group timber production areas. We formulate an integer programming model of forest zoning that explicitly addresses clustering of spatial units allocated to timber production and reserve zones while also promoting separation of these zones. A tabu search algorithm is developed, implemented and tested using a case study. The case study results indicate that up to 5% of the net financial return is sacrificed with a 'satisfactory' grouping of units within each zone. A 'good' separation between...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Forest planning; Integer programming; Reserves; Tabu search; Timber production; Zoning; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C60; Q23; R14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37022

MODELING THE EFFECT OF UNCERTAINTY ON TIMBER HARVEST: A SUGGESTED APPROACH AND EMPIRICAL EXAMPLE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Kooten,   R.E.; Brown,   G.L.
A method is suggested for modeling uncertainty when there is a lack of information concerning the effect of forest management decisions on tree growth. Dynamic programming is used to investigate the optimality of alternative management strategies. The model is illustrated with an empirical example for a boreal forest region of western Canada. Three tentative conclusions follow: (a) silvicultural strategies to reduce uncertainty or to increase stand growth may not be worth pursuing, at least in northern forests; (b) the discounted cost of ignoring uncertainty may be substantial if taken over the entire forest; and (c) given uncertain forest growth, flexible harvest policies are preferred to a fixed harvest age.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30740

ARE LOG MARKETS COMPETITIVE? EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CANADA-U.S. TRADE IN SOFTWOOD LUMBER
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Niquidet,   Kurt; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Under the U.S. Department of Commerce's 'changed circumstances' review, it is possible that the countervail duty on Canadian lumber can be lowered if administered stumpage prices are based on a transaction evidence appraisal - on actual auction data and regression analysis. The Province of British Columbia is implementing such a market-based approach to set stumpage fees, relying on timber auction data from the Small Business Forest Enterprise Program and OLS regression. We employ Program data to estimate a truncated regression model, comparing our estimates of stumpage fees with the OLS results. It turns out that the OLS approach is biased and likely results in overestimates of stumpage in some timber stands and underestimates in others. Further, we...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19985

ANOTHER LOOK AT THE INCOME ELASTICITY OF NON-POINT SOURCE AIR POLLUTANTS: A SEMIPARAMETRIC APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Roy,   Nilanjana; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
In this paper, a semiparametric model is used to examine the relationship between pollution and income for three non-point source pollutants. Statistical tests reject the quadratic specification in favor of the semiparametric model in all cases. However, the results do not support the inverted-U hypothesis for the pollution-income relationship.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18167

Bayesian Model Averaging in the Context of Spatial Hedonic Pricing: An Application to Farmland Values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cotteleer,   Geerte; Stobbe,   Tracy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Since 1973, British Columbia created an Agricultural Land Reserve to protect farmland from development. In this study, we employ GIS-based hedonic pricing models of farmland values to examine factors that affect farmland prices. We take spatial lag and error dependence into explicit account. However, the use of spatial econometric techniques in hedonic pricing models is problematic because there is uncertainty with respect to the choice of the explanatory variables and the spatial weighting matrix. Bayesian model averaging techniques in combination with Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition are used to allow for both types of model uncertainty.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bayesian model averaging; Markov Chain Monte Carlo Model Composition; Spatial econometrics; Hedonic pricing; GIS; Urban-rural fringe; Farmland fragmentation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; R11; R15; C50; R14.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37046

Managing Water Shortages in the Western Electricity Grids
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scorah,   Hugh; Sopinka,   Amy; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
British Columbia’s electricity grid is comprised primarily of hydroelectric generating assets. The ability to store water in reservoirs is a significant advantage for the province allowing it to import from Alberta when prices are favourable. Alberta, has a heavily fossil-fuel based electricity portfolio, but has seen substantial growth in its wind energy capacity. However this variable energy technology impacts the province’s grid operations. Wind energy is both variable and uncertainty. However, wind energy in Alberta can be stored via BC’s reservoir systems. In this paper, we examine the extent that drought impacts the both overall operating costs as well as the cost of reducing CO2 emissions. We model the Alberta and BC interconnected grids varying...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wind power; Carbon costs; Electrical grids; Mathematical programming; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q41; C61.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59701

Smoke and Mirrors: The Kyoto Protocol and Beyond
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
The Kyoto Protocol (KP) is considered a necessary first step towards an effective future climate accord. As argued in this paper, however, the KP will likely fail because it has too many loopholes, inadequate governance structures and insufficient compliance provisions. This view is supported by case studies of Canada, Japan and the Netherlands. These countries are unlikely to achieve their self-imposed targets, or, if they do, the costs of compliance will be unacceptably high. Consequently, the difficulty of achieving agreement to reduce global emissions by half (as required to mitigate climate change) is greatly increased.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change mitigation; Kyoto Protocol and implementation; Carbon sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36992

ANTHROPAGENIC AND NATURAL DETERMINANTS OF THE POPULATION OF A SENSITIVE SPECIES: SAGE GROUSE IN NEVADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Eagle,   Alison J.; Eiswerth,   Mark E.
This paper uses Nevada data to conduct regression analyses of the relationship between sage grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus) population sizes and potential causal factors. This is policy-relevant because of current petitions for listing this species under the Endangered Species Act. A key feature is that, although monitoring of sage grouse has occurred for many decades, data collection methods and level of monitoring effort have not been consistent. To account for this feature we use, as dependent variables, standardized measures such as population counts and harvest (hunting success) per unit of effort. Preliminary findings suggest that such measures have been particularly sensitive to whether or not humans used strychnine for predator control, with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18163

Decoupling Farm Payments: Experience in the U.S., Canada, and Europe
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ogg,   Clayton W.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Commodity payments in Europe and North America are production based, encouraging greater chemical use and cropping area. Thus, each region undermines the other’s price supports at the expense of the environment. Countries can, however, sever the link between yield levels and payments. Allowing farmers to exit agriculture poses challenges for the US, but perhaps not for Canada and the EU.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Liberalizing trade; Environment; Flexibility; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Q15; Q17.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37001

A Perspective on Carbon Sequestration as a Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94501

The Economics of Wind Power with Energy Storage
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitez,   Pablo C.; Dragulescu,   Lilianna; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
We develop a nonlinear mathematical optimization program for investigating the economic and environmental implications of wind penetration in electrical grids and evaluating how hydropower storage could be used to offset wind power intermittence. When wind power is added to an electrical grid consisting of thermal and hydropower plants, it increases system variability and results in a need for additional peak-load, gas-fired generators. Our empirical application using load data for Alberta’s electrical grid shows that 32% wind penetration (normalized to peak demand) results in a net cost increase of $C5.20/ MWh, while 64% wind penetration could result in an increase of $12.50/MWh. Costs of reducing CO2 emissions are estimated to be $41-$56 per t CO2 . When...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Carbon costs; Hydropower storage; Mathematical programming; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; Q50.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37029

Bioeconomic modeling of wetlands and waterfowl in Western Canada: Accounting for amenity values
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; Withey,   Patrick; Wong,   Linda.
This study extends an original bioeconomic model of optimal duck harvest and wetland retention by bringing in amenity values related to the nonmarket (in situ) benefits of waterfowl plsi the ecosystem values of wetlands themselves. The model maximizes benefits to hunters as well as the amenity values of ducks and ecosystem benefits of wetlands, subject to the population dynamics. Results indicate that wetlands and duck harvests need to be increased relative to historical levels. Further, the socially optimal ratio of duck harvest to wetlands is larger than what has been observed historically. Including amenity values leads to a significant increase in the quantity of wetlands and duck harvests relative to models that focus only on hunting values.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic modelling; Wetland protection; Wildlife management; Nonmarket values; Prairie pothole region; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q57; C61; Q25.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61308

Economic Dynamics of Tree Planting for Carbon Uptake on Marginal Agricultural Lands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
As a result of the 1997 Kyoto Protocol, afforestation of agricultural lands can be expected to take on an important role in the CO2-emissions reduction policy arsenal of some countries. To date, identification of suitable (marginal) agricultural lands has been left mainly to foresters, but their criteria fail to take into account economic nuances. In this study, an optimal control model is used to determine the optimal level of afforestation in the western Canada. The results indicate that, while planting fast–growing trees for carbon uptake on marginal agricultural land may be important, the path dynamics matter in determining whether Canada can rely on afforestation to meet its obligations under Kyoto
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Afforestation and climate change; Optimal control model of land use; Economics of carbon sequestration; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q23; Q27; Q54; R14.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36995

INITIAL APPLICATIONS OF FUZZY SET PROCEDURES FOR ESTIMATION OF EXPORT BASE EMPLOYMENT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harris,   Thomas R.; Thomsen,   Roy W.; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis.
Current export base methods that calculate basic and non-basic employment are too restrictive because they fail to account for uncertainty involved in the process.  This paper shows the assignment of industries as either basic or non-basic by the location quotient procedure does not consistently represent the data for Nevada counties.  Using fuzzy set procedures and membership functions in conjunction with the location quotient allow more flexibility in terms of matching the data for each industry in the region of interest.  Using fuzzy set procedures we determine the proportion of employment that is basic and non-basic in nine non-governmental industries.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36565