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CARACTERIZAÇÃO DA FERTILIDADE DOS SOLOS DE QUATRO LEGUMINOSAS DE CAMPOS RUPESTRES, SERRA DO CIPÓ, MG, BRASIL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Negreiros,Daniel; Borges Moraes,Mateus Lana; Wilson Fernandes,Geraldo.
O presente trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar a qualidade nutricional dos solos de populações naturais de quatro especies de leguminosas de campo rupestre: Calliandra fasciculata Benth., Chamaecrista ramosa (Vog.), Collaea cipoensis Fortunato e Mimosa foliolosa Benth. Urna amostra composta de solo na profundidade de 0 a 15cm foi coletada em quatro subpopulações de cada especie. Cada amostra composta resultou da coleta de 20 amostras simples (quatro amostras em cinco individuos adultos) por subpopulação. Foram feitas análises de rotina (pH, P, K, Ca21, Mg21, Al31, H+Al), materia orgânica, micronutrientes e granulométrica. Os solos apresentaram acidez elevada, baixa fertilidade, alta saturação de aluminio e textura predominantemente arenosa....
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Campos rupestres; Especies endémicas; Fertilidade do solo; Leguminosas arbustivas.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000300003

KINETIC AND THERMODYNAMIC BEHAVIORS OF SOIL UREASE AS AFFECTED BY UREASE INHIBITORS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Juan,Y.H; Chen,Z.H; Chen,L.J; Wu,Z.J; Wang,R; Sun,W.T; Zhang,Y.L.
The kinetic characteristics of soil urease have attracted great attention, but little information was available on its kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors as affected by urease inhibitors and temperature. With black soil (Pachic Udic Mollisol) in Heilongjiang Province of Northeast China as a test soil, an incubation test was conducted to investigate the effect of urease inhibitors (hydroquinone, HQ; phenyl phosphorodiamidate, PPD; N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) on kinetic and thermodynamic behaviors of soil urease at 10°C, 20°C and 30°C. The results showed that all tested inhibitors increased Km and decreased Vmax, behaving as mixed inhibitors to soil urease. With increasing temperature, the Km and Vmax values increased significantly. With...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Meterkinetic paras; Thermodynamic parameters; Soil urease; Urease inhibitors; Temperatures.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100001

Impacts of Metals and Metalloids on Soil Microbial Diversity and Ecosystem Function
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Crowley,David.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Metal and metalloids; Soil microbial diversity; Contaminated soils.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400003

NITROGEN LEACHING LOSSES ON A VOLCANIC ASH SOIL AS AFFECTED BY THE SOURCE OF FERTILISER
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alfaro V,Marta; Salazar S,Francisco; Endress B,Denisse; Dumont L,Juan C; Valdebenito B,Aldo.
An intact lysimeters study was carried out to measure the potential nitrogen (N) losses on an andisoil of Southern Chile with different fertilisers. The treatments tested were: fish slurry (FS), dairy slurry (DS), potassium nitrate (IF) and a control treatment (C), with no N addition. An equivalent amount of 150 kg of total N ha-1 was applied to each lysimeter and then the equivalent to 1260 mm of rainfall was irrigated over a 90 days period. Leachate samples were analysed for nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and organic N (No). Total N losses were calculated as the product between drainage and the respective N concentration in the leachates. Lowest N losses were obtained in the control and FS treatments (66 kg N ha-1) and the greatest amount was obtained in the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Fish sludge; Dairy slurry; Inorganic fertilizer; Water quality.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000200005

Soil-Root-Microbe Interactions in the Rhizosphere: A Key to Understanding and Predicting Nutrient Bio availability to Plants
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Hinsinger,P; Bravin,M.N; Devau,N; Gerard,F; Le Cadre,E; Jaillard,B.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Rhizosphere; Soil-root-microbe interactions; Nutrient bioavailability.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400008

NITROGEN SOIL BUDGETS IN CONTRASTING DAIRY GRAZING SYSTEMS OF SOUTHERN CHILE, A SHORT-TERM STUDY
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Núñez,R.P; Demanet,R; Alfaro,M; Mora,M.L.
In recent years, the intensification of livestock production in Southern Chile has resulted in a high potential for environmental damage through nitrogen (N) losses, creating the need for the evaluation of N flows from these systems. The aim of the research was to determine N budgets and N use efficiency in two grazing systems in Southern Chile. For this, inputs and outputs were measured during one year on two grazing systems (heavy grazing, HG; and light grazing, LG). Also, a control treatment with no grazing (C) was considered. The annual N soil budget was determined by the difference between all N inputs (£ inputs) and all N outputs (X outputs). The results of the experiment indicate that HG treatments received the biggest N input (427, 359 and 288 kg N...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen budgets; Grazing; Nitrogen use efficiency; Nitrogen losses; Pasture.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200008

Produtividade de Milho e de Feijão Consorciados Adubados con Diferentes Formas de Lodo de Esgoto
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Rodrigues N,Thiago Assis ; Arruda S,Regynaldo ; Soares F,Cleidson ; Machado F,Ivana ; Arnaldo F,Luiz .
O lodo de esgoto, em razão da sua atuação como condicionador das propriedades físicas, químicas e biológicas do solo, pode se constituir em um importante adubo orgânico. O presente trabalho buscou avaliar o efeito da adubação com diferentes formas de lodo de esgoto sobre a fertilidade do solo e produtividade de grãos de milho e de feijão consorciados. Os tratamentos, no delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 3 repetições, corresponderam a: Solo sem adubação, Calagem e adubação química, Lodo não higienizado, Lodo higienizado com nim, Lodo higienizado com cal, Composto de lodo e ipomoea, Composto de lodo e ipomoea com fosfato, Lodo não higienizado e fosfato no solo, Lodo higienizado com nim e fosfato no solo, Lodo higienizado com cal e fosfato no solo,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Adubo orgânico; Biossólido; Reciclagem de resíduos urbanos.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100006

EFFECT OF SELENITE ON THE TOTAL POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDATIVE ACTIVITY OF AQUEOUS AND ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS IN SPROUTS OF FOUR AGRONOMIC SPECIES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Motomura,Yoshie; Reyes-Díaz,Marjorie; Mora Gil,Maria de la Luz.
Sprouts from some agricultural plants grown under dark conditions are known to contain some functional food ingredients. Recently, great attention has been paid to foods with natural antioxidative ingredients for human health and animal feed. Among the functional food compounds, phenolics and polyphenols are the most desirable food bioactives due to their antioxidative activity. The aim of this study was to determine the differences between aqueous and ethanohc extracts and the effect of selenite on the polyphenol content, and whether the antioxidative activity of selenite-treated sprouts growing in Petri dishes is enhanced compared to non-treated ones. The total polyphenol content in aqueous extract and ethanolic extract increased significantly in wheat...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Antioxidative activity; Crop seedling; Ethanohc extract; Polyphenol; Selenium.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000100005

Session 5. Environmental Biotechnology: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Microbe-Plant-Root Interactions &amp;amp; Their Genomic &amp;amp; Proteomic Advances Pertaining to Restoration of Contaminated Soils
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400025

Session 1. Ecological Significance of Interactions Among Clay Minerals, Organic Matter and Biota
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400016

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND SOIL AGGREGATION
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Borie,Fernando; Rubio,Rosa; Morales,Alfredo.
Soil aggregation is governed by several biotic and abiotic components including land-use management. Aggregation is essential to maintain soil physical properties and facilitate biogeochemical cycling. Hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are considered to be primary soil aggregators and there is a positively correlation between AMF hyphae and aggregate stability in natural systems. Recent evidence suggests that glomalin (GRSP), a glycoprotein produced by AMF hyphae which has a cementing capacity to maintain soil particles together, is mainly involved in such aggregation. However, recently controversial results together with reported shortcoming in glomalin determinat suggest to proceed with caution when studying glomalin in connection with soil...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; Soil aggregates; Glomalin.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200003

The Fate of Anthropogenic Organic Pollutants in Soil: Adsorption/Desorption of Pesticides Possessing Endocrine Disruptor Activity by Natural Organic Matter (Humic Substances)
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Senesi,N; Loffredo,E.
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400014

MODOS DE APLICAÇÃO DE ZINCO NA NUTRICÃO E NA PRODUÇÃO DE MASSA SECA DE PLANTAS DE TRIGO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Orioli Júnior,Valdeci; de Mello Prado,Renato; Luarte Leonel,Cristian; Amelio Cazetta,Disnei; Martoreli da Silveira,César; Barbosa Queiroz,Rafaela Josemara; Húngaro Aires da Gama Bastos,Joani Cristina.
Os modos de aplicação de zinco podem atetar a nutrição e o desenvolvimento inicial da cultura do trigo. Assim, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avahar os modos de aplicação de Zn no solo, na nutrição e na produção de materia seca do trigo. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: Zn incorporado no solo, localizado no sulco, tratamento de sementes, via pulverização foliar, além da testemunha (sem aplicação de Zn). A unidade experimental foi composta de um vaso preenchido com 7 L de solo (LATOSSOLO VERMELHO distrófico). Aos 52 dias após a emergência, avaliou-se a altura de plantas, número de entrenós, número de perfilhos e massa seca da parte aérea. Ainda, realizou-se a...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum L; Nutrição de plantas; Métodos de aplicação; Micronutriente; Casa de vegetação.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000100003

PARÁMETROS HIDRÁULICOS DETERMINADOS EN UN ANDISOL BAJO DIFERENTES ROTACIONES CULTURALES DESPUÉS DE DIEZ AÑOS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Sandoval E,Marco; Castillo S,Carolina; Zagal V,Erick; Stolpe L,Neal; Undurraga D,Pablo.
Los parámetros Hidráulicos fueron medidos en un suelo de origen volcánico del Valle Central (Humic Haploxerands) bajo diferentes rotaciones culturales con distinto manejo agronómico e intensidad de uso del suelo y fueron agrupadas en cuatro rotaciones que incluyeron pradera y dos rotaciones intensivas, sin pradera. Las mediciones de conductividad Hidráulica saturada (Kfs) fueron realizadas in-situ. Se determinaron, además, dos parámetros Hidráulicos del suelo: El parámetro á y el potencial de flujo mátrico (&amp;#934;m). Todas las parcelas con pradera, dentro de la rotación tuvieron valores similares de Kfs. Las parcelas con rotaciones intensivas presentaron valores extremos el mayor y menor valor de Kfs, donde la rotación: remolacha-trigo-frejol-cebada,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Conductividad Hidráulica; Parámetro a; Potencial de flujo mátrico.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000200004

Session 3. Soil-Root-Microbe Interaction &amp;amp; Their Effects on Biophysical Transformation, Fate, and Toxicity of Metal and Metalloids
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400018

CURVA DE CRESCIMENTO E MARCHA DE ABSORÇÃO DE MACRONUTRIENTES EM TRÊS CULTIVARES DE AMOREIRA (Morus alba L)
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Vale,Diego Wyllyam do; Prado,Renato de Mello; Gondim,Ancélio Ricardo Oliveira; Takahashi,Roque; Correia,Marcus Andre Ribeiro.
Com objetivo de avahar o crescimento e a marcha de absorção de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S) em três cultivares de amoreira (tratamentos), colheu-se quatro plantas por tratamento, em diferentes estadios fenológicos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3x5 em 3 repeticSes. As cultivares usadas foram 'FM Shima-Miura', TZ 56/4' e 'Miura' e estabelecido cinco épocas de colheita da biomassa 45; 60; 75; 90 e 115 dias após a cepa. Observou-se que o acumulo de nutrientes apresentou comportamento diferente e a cv. IZ 56/4 foi superior comparado com às cv. PM Shima-Miura para N, P, K, Ca, Mg e S e Miura para N, P, K e S. Por exemplo, o acumulo de N em mg por planta-1 planta de amoreira das cultivares PM...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Nutrição mineral; Acumulo de nutrientes; Exigência nutritional.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000100001

GRAZING MANAGEMENT, AMMONIA AND NITROUS OXIDE EMISSIONS: A GENERAL VIEW
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Núñez,Pedro; Demanet,Rolando; Matus,Francisco; Mora,Maria de la Luz.
The grazing management of grassland has a direct effect on nitrogen (N) recycling. This is an important reason why management has become an alternative to improve the grassland production and quality, in turn to make it more suitable for the environment. However, the livestock system intensification induces changes in the natural dynamics of the N cycle, accelerating gas emmisions (e.g. ammonia, NH3 and nitrous oxide, N(2)0) and leaching losses from soil under grazing. When the amount of N in the environment increases, there is an impact on smog episodes, global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain and eutrophication of fresh water. There are different techniques to evaluate the gases emitted from the soil. This klonowledge is useful to design...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ammonia; Grazing; Management; Nitrogen; Nitrous oxide; Livestock.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300006

EFECTO DEL CAMBIO DE USO EN LA ESTABILIDAD DE LA ESTRUCTURA Y LA FUNCIÓN DE LOS POROS DE UN ANDISOL (TYPIC HAPLUDAND) DEL SUR DE CHILE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Dörner,José; Dec,Dorota; Peng,Xinhua; Horn,Rainer.
Los suelos volcánicos del sur de Chile constituyen cerca del 60% del suelo arable del país. Estos suelos se encuentran bajo un amplio rango de usos desde sistemas prístinos hasta otros con un uso intensivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto del cambio de uso de suelo sobre: i) la estabilidad del suelo frente a presiones externas e internas; ii) la conductividad hidráulica y iii) su resiliencia funcional. Muestras disturbadas y no disturbadas de suelo fueron recolectadas a 5, 20, 40 cm de profundidad en un suelo Andisol (Typic Hapludand) bajo un renoval de bosque nativo (NF), una pradera de 50 años (P50) y otra de 1 año de uso (Pl). Se determinó la curva de retención de agua, contracción y consolidación, la conductividad hidráulica...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Andisol; Propiedades estructurales; Función de los poros.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300003

EFECTO DE LA ADICIÓN DE BIOSOLIDOS URBANOS Y DE SALMONICULTURA SOBRE LA GERMINACIÓN DE SEMILLAS DE LECHUGA (Lactuca sativa L.) EN UN SUELO PATAGONICO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Celis,José; Sandoval,Marco; Zagal,Erick; Briones,Mario.
Los biosólidos de las aguas domiciliarias y de la industria de la salmonicultura han aumentado notoriamente en los últimos años en Chile. Esto ha generado la urgente necesidad de buscar alternativas para su disposición final, de tal forma que no constituyan riesgo para la salud y el medioambiente. En el presente estudio se analizaron los efectos sobre la germinación de semillas de lechuga como consecuencia de la aplicación de este tipo de biosólidos orgánicos en un suelo Andic cryofluvents degradado patagónico. Los biosólidos se adicionaron al suelo, los tratamientos fueron: lodo urbano (BU), biosólido de piscicultura (BP) y biosólido de salmonicultura en lago (BL) a diferentes tasas: 25, 50, 75, 100 y 150 Mg ha-1. Se usó un testigo, consistente en suelo...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Residuos de salmonicultura; Fitotoxicidad; Lodo urbano; Fertilizante orgánico; Biosólidos.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000300002

EFFECT OF PENTACHLOROPHENOL ON SELECTED SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES IN A CHILEAN ANDISOL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Diez J,M. Cristina; Gallardo A,Felipe; Saavedra,Gisselle; Cea L,Mara; Gianfreda,Liliana; Alvear Z,Marisol.
The activities of laccase, Mn-peroxidase, phosphatase and dehydrogenase were studied in a Chilean Andisol (Temuco Serie) contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP). Experiments were conducted on the top of 0-20 cm soil, adding different concentrations of PCP (0.41, 4.1 and 41 mg kg-1). Enzymatic activities and residual concentrations of PCP were evaluated in soil incubated at 25 ± 1 ºC for 112 days. Enzyme activities of PCP-treated soil varied according to the PCP concentration added. For instance, an inhibitory effect on Mn-peroxidase activity was not observed during incubation at the three levels of PCP, whereas acid phosphatase activity was only affected by the 0.41 mg kg-1 PCP treatment. By contrast, laccase and dehydrogenase activities were negatively...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Pentachlorophenol; Andisol; Laccase; Mn-peroxidase; Phosphatase; Dehydrogenase.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000300004

Session 4. Dynamics and Transformations of Natural and Xenobiotic Compounds in Soil Environments
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400024

EFECTOS DE LAS ENMIENDAS ORGÁNICAS SOBRE LAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS DEL SUELO CON ESPECIAL REFERENCIAS A LA ADICIÓN DE LODOS URBANOS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Cuevas B,José; Seguel S,Oscar; Ellies Sch,Achim; Dörner F,José.
Los lodos urbanos, la mayoría orgánicos, provenientes de los tratamiento de aguas servidas han aumentado en los últimos años en Chile. Esto ha generado la necesidad de su disposición final. En una primera instancia los lodos se acopian en rellenos sanitarios los cuales más tarde pueden ser utilizado como enmiendas sobre suelos agrícolas y forestales. En el presente trabajo se analiza algunos antecedentes acerca de los efectos de la aplicación de lodos sobre las propiedades físicas de suelos agrícolas y las necesidades de investigaciones futuras. Los lodos son aplicados en altas cantidades al suelo para obtener respuestas sobre el rendimiento de los cultivos y como enmiendas para mejorar las propiedades físicas del suelo. Sin embargo, los lodos pueden...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Lodos municipales; Propiedades físicas del suelo; Calidad ambiental del suelo.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000200001

USE OF SLUDGE FROM KRAFT MILL WASTEWATER TREATMENT AS IMPROVER OF VOLCANIC SOILS: EFFECT ON SOIL BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Gallardo,F; Bravo,C; Briceño,G; Diez,M.C.
Sludge from kraft mill wastewater treatment was applied on two soils derived from volcanic ashes and, the effect on biological parameters of the soils was evaluated. The soils used in this study were an Andisol belonging of Gorbea Series and an Ultisol belonging of Collipulli Series. The sludge was added at rates of 0, 10, 20, 30 and 50 t ha-1. Previously, germination of red clover (Trifolium pratense), white clover (Trifolium repens), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and ryegrass (Lolium perenne) was tested to assess phytotoxicity of the sludge. The different soil-sludge mixtures were incubated at controlled temperature for 60 days and microbial respiration, microbial biomass carbon, fluorescein diacetate hydrolysis and acid phosphatase activity were evaluated...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Volcanic soils; Kraft mill sludge; Phytotoxicity; Biological parameters.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100006

Bioavailability of Phosphorus and Micronutrients in the Soil-Plant-Microbe Continuum
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Rengel,Z.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Phosphorus; Micronutrients.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400013

Session 4. Dynamics and Transformations of Natural and Xenobiotic Compounds in Soil Environments
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400019

CORRELACIÓN ENTRE WORLD REFERENCE BASE Y SOIL TAXONOMY PARA LOS SUELOS DE LA VII REGIÓN DEL MAULE DE CHILE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Casanova P,Manuel; Luzio L,Walter; Maldonado R,Rodrigo.
Se realizó una correlación entre World Referente Base (WRB) y Soil Taxonomy (ST), para los suelos de la VII Región del Maule de Chile. Once Grupos de Suelos de Referencia definidos por WRB fueron identificados: Lixisols (499.965 ha), Durisols (62.539 ha). Umbrisols (62.387 ha), Phaeozems (52.823 ha), Cambisols (46.982 ha), Andosols (45.645 ha), Regosols (13.701 ha), Fluvisols (6.908 ha), Luvisols (6.132 ha), Planosols (4.606 ha) y Vertisols (640 ha). Estos suelos fueron localizados principalmente en la Depresión Intermedia (Graben Central) de Chile. Los Andosols se describieron hacia la Cordillera de los Andes y los Luxisols principalmente hacia la Cordillera de la Costa. Las correlaciones más estrechas se observaron entre Lixisols y Alfisols, Umbrisols,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Suelo; Clasificación; Base Mundial de Referencia; Taxonomía de Suelos.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000200002

EFFECT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL INOCULATION ON Eucalyptus globulus SEEDLINGS AND SOME SOIL ENZYME ACTIVITIES UNDER APPLICATION OF SEWAGE SLUDGE AMENDMENT
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Arriagada,César; Pacheco,Patricio; Pereira,Guillermo; Machuca,Angela; Alvear,Marysol; Ocampo,Juan Antonio.
The sewage sludge (SS) represents a source of organic matter although its increasing accumulation need a suitable environmental treatment. Our study analyzed the effect of the interaction between sewage sludge (doses 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 g per 100 g of soil) and Eucalyptus globulus nursery seedlings inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi as a fertilizers alternative and evaluate its effect on some soil enzyme activities. The seedlings were inoculated with Glomus claroideum, Glomus viscosum, Glomus intraradices and Glomus constrictum, establishing a uninoculated control. The sewage sludge application increased the shoot dry weight and the inoculation with G. viscosum was more effective at 6 g of SS in 100 g soil. The root colonization and succinate...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Biological fertilisers; Glomus; Sewage sludge; Soil enzymes; Symbiosis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000200001

THE EFFECT OF COMPOST AND SEWAGE SLUDGE ON SOIL BIOLOGIC ACTIVITIES IN SALT AFFECTED SOIL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Lakhdar,Abdelbasset; Scelza,Rosalia; Scotti,Riccardo; Rao,Maria A; Jedidi,Naceur; Gianfreda,Liliana; Abdelly,Chedly.
Saline soil was amended with 13.3 and 26.6 g kg-1 of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) compost or sewage sludge, and arylsulphatase (ARY), phosphatase (PHO), dehydrogenase (DEH), (&amp;#946;-glucosidase ((&amp;#946;-GLU), urease (URE) and catalase (CAT) activities as well as physical-chemical properties were determined after 70 day of incubation under laboratory conditions. MSW compost and sewage sludge significantly improved soil physical-chemical properties, especially carbon and nitrogen contents. Accordingly, overall enzyme activities were substantially promoted in presence of both amendments and the higher increases were measured at 13.3 g kg-1 of MSW compost (increases by 107%, 43%, 20%, 11%, and 148% for, DEH, (3-GLU, PHO, URE, and CAT, respectively)....
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Biologic activities; MSW compost; Saline soil; Sewage sludge.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100005

Use of Nanoparticles in Soil-Water Bioremediation Processes
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Duran,N.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Nanoparticles; Bioremediation processes; Nanotechnology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400007

Efectos en el Sistema Suelo-Planta Después de Tres Años de Aplicación de Purín de Cerdo como Fertilizante en un Cultivo de Brócoli (Brassica oleracea L.)
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Llona C,Miriam; Faz C,Angel.
Este trabajo tiene como objetivo determinar la dosis de aplicación correcta de purines de cerdo como fertilizante minimizando sus efectos contaminantes. Para ello se experimentó con un cultivo hortícola de riego representativo de la zona de estudio. La experiencia, que duró 3 años, cultivando brócoli, se realizó en 4 parcelas (630 m²) con distintas aplicaciones de purín de cerdo: sin purín y tres dosis de 4,86 L/m², 11,05 L/m² y 14,86 L/m², parcelas control, B, C y D respectivamente. Tras la experiencia, el suelo presenta incrementos importantes en N, P, K y carbono orgánico, especialmente después de sucesivas aplicaciones y en dosis altas, además, se observa un ligero aumento del pH y un descenso de la conductividad eléctrica; los oligoelementos...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Purín de cerdo; Características físico-químicas suelo; Brócoli; Fertilizante.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100005

ALGODOEIRO CULTIVADO EM SOLO TRATADO COM CALCÁRIO, LODO DE ESGOTO E CÁDMIO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Assis Rodrigues Nogueira,Thiago; Omir Marques,Marcos; Almeida Muçouçah,Fernando; Machado Fonseca,Ivana.
O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o acúmulo de nutrientes e metáis pesados em diferentes partes das plantas de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum cv. IAC 22) cultivadas em solo que recebeu calcário e lodo de esgoto contaminado com cádmio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetacáo na FCAV/Unesp, em Jaboticabal-SP, em Latossolo Vermelho argiloso. Utilizou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 + 1, sendo três doses de calcário calcinado, duas doses de lodo de esgoto e urna testemunha adicional, com três repe tiçSes. Procedeu-se à análise de variáncia e ao teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As diferentes doses de calcário proporcionaram maiores acúmulos de macronutrientes na parte aérea e micronutrientes ñas...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Gossypium hirsutum; Biossólido; Calagem; Elementos traço; Resíduo orgânico.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100006

EFECTO DE LA ADICIÓN DE COMPOST SOBRE PROPÁGULOS MICORRÍCICOS ARBUSCULARES EN UN SUELO VOLCÁNICO DEL CENTRO SUR DE CHILE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Millaleo M,Rayen; Montecinos U,Camila; Rubio H,Rosa; Contreras N,Aliro; Borie B,Fernando.
Los abonos orgánicos afectan características químicas y biológicas de los suelos contribuyendo a la sustentabilidad de los agroecosistemas. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto, en condiciones de invernadero, de la adición de compost en un Ultisol sobre parámetros fúngicos como colonización radical, micelio y esporas, junto con parámetros químicos de suelo y nutricionales de tres cultivos (trigo, frejol y pradera) después de cosecha. El compost fue elaborado con desechos ganaderos y vegetales y aplicado en dosis equivalentes a 8, 20 y 30 Mg ha-1en base a materia seca. Las raíces de todos los cultivos presentaron mayor colonización de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) con la dosis más alta, mientras que la longitud hifal fue significativamente...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Compost; Ultisol; Leguminosa; Gramínea; Agricultura orgánica; Micorrizas arbusculares.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000300003

KINETICS OF MOLYBDATE AND PHOSPHATE SORPTION BY SOME CHILEAN ANDISOLS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Vistoso G,Erika Marina; Bolán,Nanthi S; Theng,Benny K. G; Mora,María de la Luz.
The kinetics for the sorption of molybdate and phosphate by four Chilean Andisols have been determined. About 55%o of the molybdate and 61% of the phosphate was sorbed in the first 0.5 h, after which sorption slowly increased, reaching 90%o for molybdate and 97% for phosphate after 72 h. At the same time, OH¯ ions were released into the external solution, raising its pH by 0.85 units for molybdate and by 0.65 units in the case of phosphate. These observations indicated that both anions were sorpbed by a ligand exchange mechanims. Among the five kinetic models examined (),Table, 2 the Elovich equation gave the best fit of the experimental data (R² = 0.93 to 0.97, standard error = 0.35 to 0.94). The sorption rate constant (&amp;#945;) for both anions was...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Al- and Fe-oxide; Chilean Andisols; Kinetic model; Molybdate and phosphate.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000100005

Session 2. Soil-Root-Microbe Interaction &amp;amp; their Effects on the Transformation &amp;amp; Bioavailability of Nutrients
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400022

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RADICAL INFESTATION OF Hylastinus obscurus (MARSHAM) AND THE YIELD OF CULTIVARS AND EXPERIMENTAL LINES OF RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.)
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alarcón,Daniela; Ortega,Fernando; Perich,Fernando; Fernando,Pardo; Parra,Leonardo; Quiroz,Andrés.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is a valuable forage legume grown alone or in mixture with grasses in temperate regions of the world. Red clover is adapted to a wide range of soil types, pH levels, environmental and management conditions. However, the main limitation of this species is the lack of persistence related to the high mortality of plants. In Chile the main biotic factor affecting survival of plants is the root borer Hylastinus obscurus (Marsham) (Coleóptera; Scolytidae). In 1989, a red clover (T. pratense L.) breeding program was started at Carillanca Research Center of the Institute of Agricultural Research (INIA), Chile, with the main objectives of improving the survival of plants, forage yield and persistence. In 2002 a research line to...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Hylastinus obscurus; Red clover; Plant population; Breeding; Dry matter yield.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200003

EDAPHIC MESOFAUNA COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN ORGANIC AND CONVENTIONAL MANAGEMENT OF CRANBERRY (Vaccinium sp.) PLANTATIONS: AN AGROECOLOGICAL APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Peredo P,Santiago F; Parada Z,Esperanza; Vega C,Marcela; Barrera S,Claudia P.
The aim of the present study was to determine and compare taxa richness, abundance and diversity of the edaphic mesofauna community between plantations of cranberries (Vaccinium sp.) subjected to organic and conventional management in farms in central-south Chile (37°28'S), as also to evaluate changes produced in their diversity and abundance diversity and abundance, as result of the change from conventional to organic management. In July 2006 two farms were chosen, one with one year under organic management (OM1) and a second one under six years of certified organic management (OM6). Each farm was divided in four quadrants, each one with a surface of 2,500 m . In each quadrant was extracted one sample with six replicas of 188.5 cm³ each. Samples were...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Edaphic mesofauna; Organic farming; Conventional farming; Vaccinium sp; Mediterranean climate.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300006

MOVEMENT OF N0(3)-N AND NH4-N IN AN ANDISOL AND ITS INFLUENCE ON RYEGRASS PRODUCTION IN A SHORT TERM STUDY
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Mora,María de la Luz; Cartes,Paula; Núñez,Pedro; Salazar,Mauricio; Demanet,Rolando.
In acids soils, the use of ammonium fertilizers accelerates the acidification processes and decreases both the production and persistence of the pastures. Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting factor for plant growth in most agricultural systems, but also it is one of the major environmental issues worldwide. In Chile, neither systematic studies in the first period of pasture growth and nor N leaching losses associated have been reported. The aims of this study were: (i) to evaluate the effect of the N sources at increasing rates of application on the yield and quality of ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and (ii) to quantify in the short-term the N potential leaching losses and the pH changes throughout the soil profile under field conditions. A field experiment was...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ammonium; Leaching; Nitrate; Nitrogen; Pasture.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000200005

DEVELOPMENT OF ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI IN THE PRESENCE OF DIFFERENT PATTERNS OF Trifolium repens SHOOT FLAVONOIDS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Scervino,José Martín; Ponce,María Alejandra; Delia Monica,Ivana; Vierheilig,Horst; Ocampo,Juan Antonio; Godeas,Alicia.
We tested the effects of the flavonoid 3-methoxi-5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'hydroxy flavone (NMHTV) isolated from shoots of non arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculated clover, and of the flavonoids 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-3-methoxy flavone (MH-1); 5,6,7,8-hydroxy-4'-hydroxy flavone (MH-2); and 5,7-hydroxy-3,4'-methoxy flavone (MH-3); isolated from AM clover {Trifolium repens) shoots, on spore germination, hyphal length, hyphal branches and the number of cluster of auxiliary cells or the number of secondary spores (Presymbiotic stage) and on the number of entry points and the percentage of AM colonized root of tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum) by the AM fungi Gigaspora rosea, Giaspora margarita, Glomus mosseae and Glomus intraradices (Symbiotic stage). Non significant effects...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Arbuscular mycorrhizas; Flavonoids; Signal molecules; Symbiosis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000200002

SEWAGE SLUDGE LEVELS ON THE DEVELOPMENT AND NUTRITION OF SUNFLOWER PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Figueiredo Lobo,Thomaz; Grassi Filho,Helio.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of substituting chemical nitrogen (N) fertilization for equivalent N levels from sewage sludge of Wastewater Treatment Plant (WTP) on sunflower plant development. Nutrient levels in physiologically mature leaves and seeds, besides nutrient exportation during a 130-day assay, were also assessed. The experiment was carried out in 100 m² permanent plots at Sao Manuel Farm, which belongs to School of Agronomical Sciences, Sao Paulo State University-UNESP, Botucatu, Sao Paulo State, Brazil. The farm is located in the municipality of Sao Manuel, Sao Paulo State. Experimental design was in randomized blocks including 5 treatments and 5 replicates. Treatments were: Tl - chemical N fertilization according to the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Manure; Biosolids and nitrogen.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300007

EFECTO DE LOS RESIDUOS VEGETALES PROVENIENTESDE DOS TRATAMIENTOS SILVÍCOLAS EN UNAPLANTACIÓN DE Pinus radiata D. DON SOBRE LOSCAMBIOS ESTACIONALES DE LAS ACTIVIDADESBIOLÓGICAS DEL SUELO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alvear,Marysol; Astorga,Marcia; Reyes,Francisco.
El impacto de los residuos vegetales provenientes de manejos silvícolas sobre la dinámica de nutrientes en suelos forestales es aún desconocida. Es necesario determinar el efecto de los residuos provenientes de la poda y el raleo dejados sobre la superficie del suelo, ya que tienen un impacto directo sobre las propiedades físico-químicas y en las actividades microbianas del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar y comparar el efecto de residuos vegetales provenientes de dos tratamientos silvícolas (poda y raleo) sobre algunas actividades biológicas medidas después de 10 años de manejo en invierno y en primavera. Este fue realizado en un Ultisol plantado con Pinus radiata D. Don. Nosotros determinamos: la hidrólisis de la fluoresceína diacetato...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Manejos silvícolas; Biomasa microbiana; Actividades enzimáticas; Pinus radiata.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000100002

CARTA DEL EDITOR
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Mora Gilí,María de la Luz.
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100001

Effect Of pH, Phosphate and/or Malate on Sulfate Sorption on Andisols
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Pigna,Massimo; Jara,Alejandra A; Mora,María de la Luz; Violante,Antonio.
The sulfate sorption was studied on Andisols with variable mineralogical composition and low organic matter content in presence and absence of phosphate or malate ligands at different pH. Crystalline clay mineralogy was similar for all the studied samples, except for the 2C horizon of the pedon 2, which did not show crystalline minerals. The soil samples showed content of allophane ranging from 16% to 42%. The sulfate adsorption decreased when descending the first 3 horizons (A1, 2A2 and 3Bw1) of the pedon 1. This behavior was attributed to the decreasing organic carbon content. At different pH sulfate sorption was drastically decreased by increasing the pH from 4.0 to 7.0, precisely by 80% for sample 5 to 100% for sample 1. Experiments on the competitive...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Sulfate; Adsorption; Andisol; Mineralogical composition; Phosphate; Malate.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100005

Effect of Particle Size and Quality of Pruning Wood Residues of Asian Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia and Pyrus communis) On C-And N-Mineralisation in Soils of Contrasting Textures
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Matus,F.J; Retamales,J.B; Sánchez,P.
A laboratory incubation study (22 oC ± 2 ºC) with pruning residues of Asian pear ( P. pyrifolia, cv. Hosui) was carried out to determine the effects of residue particle size (&lt;0.5 mm, 0.5-2 mm and 2-4 mm), residue quality (defined as C-to-N ratio, and total fibre content of each size class) and soil texture on C- and N-mineralisation in two Chilean soils. Particle size had a significat impact on C-mineralisation; however, no differences were observed for N-mineralisation. After 10 days of incubation, particles &lt;0.5 mm evolved more C-CO2 than medium (0.5-2 mm) and coarse particles. Thereafter, no significant (P &lt;0.05) differences were observed for the smaller particles, while coarse sizes showed low C-CO2 evolution during the all incubation period,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Residue particle size; Pear pruning residues; C and N mineralisation rates.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100002

Soil Organic Matter in Nano-Composite and Clay Fractions, and Soluble Pools of the Rhizosphere
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Monreal,CM; Schnitzer,M.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Soil organic matter; Nano-composite; Clay fraction.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400009

CARTOGRAFÍA DE LAS PÉRDIDAS POTENCIALES DE N-UREA POR VOLATILIZACIÓN EN SUELOS DE CHILE CENTRAL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Casanova P,Manuel; Benavides Z,Carlos.
Empleando información cartográfica y una base de datos se predijo la distribución espacial de la volatilización a partir de urea granular aplicada superficialmente en la zona central de Chile, bajo el supuesto que el potencial de pérdida amoniacal sólo depende de las propiedades del suelo, y que se asocian al espacio físico conocido como micrositio. Las propiedades relevantes (capacidad de intercambio catiónico, actividad ureásica, tamponamiento del pH y pH del suelo post-hidrólisis de la urea o pH/) para el proceso de pérdida de amoníaco, se definieron acorde a un modelo conceptual, determinándose que los valores umbrales para un alto potencial de pérdidas son: CIC &amp;#8804; 20 cmol(+) kg-1, actividad ureásica &amp;#8805; 40 N-urea g-1 h-1 and pH...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Funciones de pedotransferencia; Urea; Volatilización.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000100002

NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION FROM FARM DAIRY EFFLUENT APPLICATION IN GRAZED GRASSLAND
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Bhandral,R; Bolan,N.S; Saggar,S.
Intensification in dairying and increased production of farm dairy effluent (FDE) has raised concerns about gaseous nitrogen (N) losses and their environmental implications. This study was undertaken to monitor changes in mineral-N and soil water-filled pore-space (WFPS) in relation to N(2)0 emission from application of FDE to dairy-grazed pasture. Pasture was irrigated with FDE in September 2003 (first irrigation) and January 2004 (second irrigation), preceded by grazing events. The N(2)0 emission rate increased after application of FDE. Total amounts of N(2)0 emitted from FDE application for first and second irrigation were 2% and 4.9%, respectively, of the total N added through effluents. Difference in emission rates between the two irrigation events...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: : Denitrification; Mineral-N; Carbon; Oxygen diffusion rate.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100003

NÍVEIS DE LODO DE ESGOTO NA PRODUTIVIDADE DO GIRASSOL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Figueiredo,Thomaz; Grassi Filho,Lobo e Helio.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficiencia do lodo de esgoto em fornecer N para a cultura do girassol, em substituição ao N mineral. O lodo de esgoto por ser um residuo orgânico atêm do fornecimento do N, poderá contribuir com outros nutrientes para as culturas, pois é rico de N, P, S, Cu, Fe, Mn e Zn A sua utilização na agricultura, alem de poder melhorar as características químicas e físicas dos solos, trará urna sobrevida aos aterras sanitarios. O experimento foi conduzido na Fazenda São Manuel da Faculdade de Ciências Agronómicas da UNESP Campus de Botucatu, localizada no municipio de São Manuel. Adotou-se o delineamento experimental em blocos casualizado constituido por 6 tratamentos e 5 repeticoes. Os tratamentos foram: TO - adubação mineral...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Biossolido; Nitrogênio e Nutrição do girassol.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300002

CARACTERIZACIÓN Y ZONIFICACIÓN EDÁFICA Y CLIMÁTICA DE LA REGIÓN DE COQUIMBO, CHILE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Morales S,Luis; Canessa M,Fabricio; Mattar,Cristian; Orrego,Raúl; Matus,Francisco.
Este estudio consistió en la evaluación y clasificación de los recursos climáticos y edáficos en la región de Coquimbo, usando algoritmos topoclimáticos e imágenes de satélite integrados en un ambiente SIG. Se usaron 78 estaciones climáticas con mediciones de precipitación media anual y mensual, temperatura media anual y mensual, humedad relativa y radiación solar. Se utilizó también cartografía de isolineas y un modelo digital de elevaciones escala 1:250.000. Para determinar la distribución espacial de las variables climáticas se probaron regresiones múltiples entre variables topográficas y datos climáticos. Este proceso condujo a la elaboración de matrices con las variables climáticas espacializadas en una escala 1:250.000. Mediante este procedimiento se...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Clasificación edafoclimática; Topoclimatología; Regresión multivariada; Análisis Cluster.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000300005

FE DE ERRATAS
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100007

PELLETIZATION OF Anthracophyllum discolor FOR WATER AND SOIL TREATMENT CONTAMINATED WITH ORGANIC POLLUTANTS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Rubilar,O; Elgueta,S; Tortella,G; Gianfreda,L; Diez,MC.
Pellets of the white-rot fungus Anthracophyllum discolor with activated carbon and sawdust (complex pellets) were formulated for the degradation of lignin in water and the bioremediation of soil contaminated with pentachlorophenol (PCP). The complex pellets were formed by a center of activated carbon and sawdust surrounded by fungal mycelium, whereas simple pellets consisting of only mycelium were hollow spheres. Degradation of lignin was performed in an airlift reactor at initial lignin concentration of 1000 mg L-1 and the fungal pellets were re-used two times in batch operations. Complex pellets degraded lignin by 87 and 72% in the first and second cycle, respectively, and they were significantly more effective than simple pellets. In addition, complex...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: White-rot fungi; Lignin; Airlift reactor; Pentachlorophenol; Soils.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300001

EFEITO DA ÉPOCA DE ADUBACÃO NITROGENADA EM COBERTURA NA PRODUCÃO E QUALIDADE FISIOLÓGICA DE SEMENTES DE ERVILHA (Pisum sativum L)
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: de Souza Romero,Nilton Carlos; Iwamoto Haga,Kuniko; Orioli Júnior,Valdeci; Duarte Cardoso,Eliana.
Um fator importante na produção das culturas é a disponibilização do nutriente na época certa para que os efeitos no crescimento e desenvolvimento alcancem os melhores resultados. No presente trabalho, foram testadas as épocas de realização da adubação nitrogenada (120 kg ha-1), aplicada em cobertura aos 20 (T20), 25 (T25), 30 (T30), 35 (T35) e 40 (T40) dias após a emergência em oito cultivares de ervilha {Pisum sativum L) (María, Kodama, Mikado, Flávia, Luiza, Amelia, Dileta e Marina), objetivando avaliar seu efeito na produção de grãos e qualidade fisiológica das sementes em condições de cerrado. Após a colheita, as sementes foram submetidas ao teste de qualidade fisiológica (testes de germinação, condutividade elétrica e emergência em campo). A análise...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Pisum sativum L; Nitrogênio; Épocas de aplicação; Qualidade de sementes.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000300001

DOES BURNING OF HARVESTING RESIDUES INCREASE SOIL CARBON STORAGE?
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Rumpel,Cornelia.
The influence of 31 years of stubble burning on the carbon storage as well of chemical composition of soil organic matter (SOM) was studied in agricultural soil of a long-term field experiment. Additionally, the potential of black carbon (BC) produced by burning of harvesting residues, to be lost by horizontal as well as vertical transport was quantified during a rainfall simulation experiment. Our results show that 31 years of stubbie burning as a regular agricultural practice did not change carbon storage or the chemical composition of SOM. This is most likely due to a small quantitative input of highly stable aromatic carbon into the soil. A significant portion of BC deposited on the soil surface by the fire may have been exported from the site as shown...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Black carbon; Stubble burning; Soil organic C.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200006

BENTAZON-MCPA EFFECT ON Fusarium oxysporum ROOT ROT ON Trifolium pratense IN GREENHOUSE CONDITIONS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Ceballos,Ricardo; Cofre,Ximena; Quiroz,Andrés; Espinoza,Nelson; Palma,Graciela.
In Chile, the main factor in red clover {Trifolium pretense L.) stand decline is fusarium-root rot, which results in a reduction in yield. Fusarium oxysporum (Schlect.) is the most prevalent pathogen recovered from diseased red clover roots plants. Agronomical management of red clover includes application of broadleaf herbicides such as MCPA and bentazon. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of bentazon and bentazon/MCPA mixture on phytotoxicity and root rot as caused by F. oxysporum on red clover, under greenhouse conditions. In addition, in vitro mycelial growth and conidial germination of F. oxysporum was studied. A reduction of 40% in crown diameter and 57% shoot dry weight was observed 30 days after treatment with a high rate of...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Herbicide; Fusariosis; Legume; Plant diseases.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000200006

Session 3. Soil-Root-Microbe Interaction &amp;amp; Their Effects on Biophysical Transformation, Fate, and Toxicity of Metal and Metalloids
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400023

Endogenous microorganisms inoculant to speed up the composting process of urban swage sludge
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Cariello,María Ester; Castañeda,Liliana; Riobo,Inés; González,Jimena.
El objetivo de este estudio fue acelerar el proceso de compostaje de residuos sólidos urbanos, se inocularon pilas de material con una mezcla de microorganismos endógenos. Las bacterias se identificaron como Bacillus subtillis y Pseudomonas flúorescens y un hongo, Aspergillus fumigatus. Se preparó un inoculo con una concentración de 1x10(7) UFC/ml para cada microorganismo y se aplicó por aspersión, 2 L m-3 Se evaluaron los siguientes parámetros: aspecto físico, temperatura, humedad, pH, relación C:N, materia orgánica, conductividad eléctrica y capacidad de intercambio catiónico. Los resultados mostraron que las pilas inoculadas alcanzaron las características de estabilidad y madurez, cuatro semanas antes de la pila control sin inoculación. Estos resultados...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Inoculos polimicrobianos; Bacterias aeróbicas; Bacterias sinérgicas; Proceso de compostaje.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300003

RESPOSTA NUTRICIONAL DO PORTA-ENXERTO DELIMOEIRO 'CITRUMELO' Á APLICACÃO DE NITROGÊNIO, FÓSFORO E POTÁSSIO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Wyllyam do Vale,Diego; de Mello Prado,Renato; Natale,William; Ursulino Alves,Adriana.
Estudou-se o efeito da aplicação de três doses N, P e K em substratos sobre o estado nutritional de porta-enxertos de limoeiro 'Citrumelo' (Citrus paradisi x Poncirus trifoliata). O experimento obedeceu ao delineamento estatístico inteiramente casualizados em esquema fatorial 3x3 + 1 (três nutrientes x três doses + urna testemunha) com 3 repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituidos por: T)x = metade da dose padrão; D2 = a dose padrão; e, D3 = duas vezes a dose padrão, além da testemunha (sem adubação). Aos quatro meses após a emergência dos porta-enxertos do limoeiro 'Citrumelo' as plantas foram submetidas a determinação do teor e acumulo dos nutrientes. A análise dos resultados revelou que plantas de limoeiro 'Citrumelo' 'Swingle' são responsivas a...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Citrus paradisi; Poncirus trifoliata; Nutrição de plantas; Adubação; Nitrogênio; Fósforo; Potássio.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000300004

EFECTO DE LA CERO LABRANZA SOBRE ALGUNAS ACTIVIDADES BIOLÓGICAS EN UN ALFISOL DEL SUR DE CHILE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alvear Z,Marysol; Pino B,Mario; Castillo R,Carlos; Trasar - Cepeda,Carmen; Gil - Sotres,Fernando.
Dada la necesidad de estabilizar y proteger los suelos, de los procesos de degradación, han surgido prácticas agronómicas conservacionistas, entre ellas, la cero labranza (CL). La medición de la biomasa microbiana (BM), junto a la determinación de algunas actividades enzimáticas en el suelo, fueron evaluadas ya que, son muy sensibles a los cambios producidos en el entorno. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar algunas actividades biológicas en un Alfisol del sur de Chile sometido a un manejo de CL. Las actividades evaluadas fueron carbono (C) y nitrógeno (N) de la biomasa microbiana (CBM y NBM, respectivamente), mineralización del N, actividades dehidrogenasa y catalasa y algunas actividades enzimáticas hidrolíticas representativas de los diferentes...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Cero labranza; Actividades enzimáticas; Biomasa microbiana; Mineralización de N.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000200004

PHOSPHORUS IN ORGANIC WASTE-SOIL SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Fuentes,Bárbara; Bolan,Nanthi; Naidu,Ravi; Mora,María de la Luz.
Increases in the generation of organic wastes, in addition to decreases in natural resources, make it necessary to recycle these waste materials. In soils, the application of wastes as organic fertilizers, allows to reincorporate nutrients to the biogeochemical cycles. The application of wastes in agriculture has carried out with it problems associated with phosphorus (P) overapplication in soils and contamination of water bodies. Phosphorus inside the waste matrix forms organic and inorganic compounds which have different bioavailabilities. The more important factors that influence the bioavailability of P in soils, organic wastes and soil-organic waste amendments are: the soil solution pH, adsorption reactions, organic matter, phosphatase activity and...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Phosphorus; Bioavailability; Compost; Manure.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000200006

Contaminant Fate, Dynamics and Bioavailability: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanism at the Soil: Root interface
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Naidu,R; Kim,K.R.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Environmental contamination; Contaminant bioavailabihty; Root; Soil interface.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400010

Session 1. Ecological Significance of Interactions Among Clay Minerals, Organic Matter and Biota
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400021

Restoration of polluted soils by means of microbial and enzymatic processes
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Gianfreda,Liliana; Mora,María Luz; Diez,María Cristina.
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100004

THE IMPACT OF USING LEAFCUTTING BEES (Megachilidae hymenoptera) WITH DIFFERENT FERTILIZATION TREATMENTS ON ALFALFA SEED PRODUCTION
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Shebl,Mohamed A; Kamel,Solimán M; Abu Hashesh,Talaat A; Osman,Mohamed A.
Alfalfa, Medicago sativa (L, 1753), one of the most important forage crops in the world; leafcutting bees which belong to Family Megachilidae are very promising pollinator of Alfalfa is USA and Canada. Different lefacutting natural nests were discovered in Ismailia (east part of Egypt). Artificial polystyrene foam nests were used for bees nesting; it is easy to manage and handle it in alfalfa fields. Different fertilization treatments were carried out for testing their impact on alfalfa seed production in the presence of artificial nests. The seed production depends basically on the pollination of leafcutting bees (tripping mechanism) more than fertilization treatment; we found no significant differences between different fertilization treatments. It is...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Pollination; Alfalfa; Seed Production; Leafcutting bees.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000200005

MODIFICATION OF BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES BY SOIL USE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Trasar-Cepeda,Carmen; Leirós,Maria Carmen; Gil-Sotres,Fernando.
Human activity is one of the main causes of the physical, chemical and biological degradation of soils. This degradation implies a change in soil quality as it involves both a decrease in productivity and changes in the ecological functions of the soil. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of soil use on soil biochemical properties, with the aim of providing data that allow assessment of the usefulness of enzymatic activities as indicators of soil quality. In addition to physical and chemical properties, different hydrolase enzymes involved in the C, N, P and S cycles, and other biochemical properties, such as the microbial biomass C and soil basal respiration, were analysed. The results obtained allowed different conclusions to...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Soil enzymes; Soil biochemical properties; Soil use; Soil management; Forest soils; Agricultural soils.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200007

Enzymes of Significance to the Restoration of Polluted Systems: Traditional and Advanced Approaches
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Gianfreda,L.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Xenobiotics; Enzymes; Soil bioremediation.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400004

CARBONO ORGÁNICO Y PROPIEDADES DEL SUELO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Martínez H,Eduardo; Fuentes E,Juan Pablo; Acevedo H,Edmundo.
El carbono orgánico del suelo (COS) se relaciona con la sustentabilidad de los sistemas agrícolas afectando las propiedades del suelo relacionadas con el rendimiento sostenido de los cultivos. El COS se vincula con la cantidad y disponibilidad de nutrientes del suelo, al aportar elementos como el N cuyo aporte mineral es normalmente deficitario. Además, al modificar la acidez y la alcalinidad hacia valores cercanos a la neutralidad, el COS aumenta la solubilidad de varios nutrientes. El COS asociado a la materia orgánica del suelo proporciona coloides de alta capacidad de intercambio catiónico. Su efecto en las propiedades físicas se manifiesta mediante la modificación de la estructura y la distribución del espacio poroso del suelo. La cantidad de COS no...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Sustentabilidad; Carbono orgánico del suelo; Propiedades del suelo; Secuestro de carbono.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000100006

BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN VASCULAR EPIPHYTES SUBSTRATE FROM A TEMPERATE FOREST OF CHILE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Reyes,Francisco; Silvana,Zanetti; Espinosa,Alejandro; Marysol,Alvear.
The temperate forests of south-central Chile belong to the association Lapageria aextoxiconetum Oberdorfer vegetation, dominated by Aextoxicon punctatum R. et P., elderly and multi-layered, where the strata are emergent, dominant and co-dominant, shrub and herbaceous epiphytes. This work is the first report of measurements of some biochemical properties in samples from vascular epiphytes substrate in temperate forests. We evaluated the most frequent ecological situations: bifurcated trees (BT), dead standing trees (SDT) and medium gap border trees (MGBT), ES were compared with the surrounding soil forest land (SS) as control. The microbial biomass and enzyme activities of substrate were higher in ES of BT, situation probably due to optimal...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Vascular epiphytes substrate; Enzymatic activities; Temperate forest.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200004

CONDUCTIVIDAD HIDRÁULICA EN MONOLITOS DE SUELO DE CHILE CENTRAL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Casanova P,Manuel  ; Salazar G,Osvaldo; Seguel S,Oscar; Noguer A,Verónica.
Se evaluó, con tensioinfiltrómetro y en condiciones de laboratorio, la conductividad hidráulica de suelos en distintos gradientes de pendiente (0%, 15%, 20% y 25 %) utilizando cuatro monolitos de clases texturales contrastantes (S A, S FA, S Fa y SaF), provenientes de suelos (Fluventic Haploxerolls y Typic Xerochrepts) de la zona central de Chile. Se emplearon 13 potenciales de suministro de agua (&amp;#936;s) entre -140 y -20 mm. Obtenida la conductividad hidráulica insaturada (K&amp;#936;) para cada &amp;#936;s , los valores pareados [ln(K&amp;#936;) y &amp;#936;s] fueron ajustados a un modelo bilineal, asumiendo que una función exponencial continua de K&amp;#936; es aplicable al sistema macroporoso y mesoporoso, con un quiebre a un potencial límite. La...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Conductividad hidráulica; Monolito de suelo; Gradiente de pendiente; Textura de suelo; Tensioinfiltrómetro.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300004

Interactions of Soil Components and Microorganisms and their Effects on Soil Remediation
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Bollag,J. M.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Organic pollutants; Biotic and abiotic processes; Soil remediation.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400006

EFECTO DE LA FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA SOBRE RENDIMIENTO Y CALIDAD DE FRUTA EN FRAMBUESO (Rubus idaeus L.) BAJO DOS PROGRAMAS DE FERTIRRIGACIÓN
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Quezada,Celerino; Vidal,Iván; Lemus,Luis; Sánchez,Héctor.
El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la fertilización nitrogenada en el rendimiento y calidad de frutos de frambuesas (Rubus idaeus L.) cv. Heritage . El experimento de campo se realizó durante la temporada 2002-2003 en un suelo franco limoso (Typic Melanoxerands), en un huerto de dos años regado por goteo. Se aplicaron tres dosis de nitrógeno en la forma de urea equivalentes a 25, 50 y 100 kg N ha-1 mediante dos frecuencias de fertirrigación : permanente (FP) y única (FU), además de un testigo sin aplicación. La FP fue aplicada durante toda la temporada en cada riego (43 parcialidades), y la FU se aplicó al inicio de la temporada en noviembre. La dosis de 100 kg ha-1 aplicada como FU resultó ser el mejor tratamiento tanto en rendimiento...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Riego por goteo; Dosis de nitrógeno; Frambuesas.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300001

EFECTOS DEL ENCALADO Y LA FERTILIZACIÓN NITROGENADA SOBRE EL DESARROLLO DE Oenothera affinis EN UN SUELO AFECTADO POR LA MINERÍA DEL COBRE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Muena,Victoria; González,Isabel; Neaman,Alexander.
El valle de Puchuncaví (Chile central) ha sido expuesto a las emisiones aéreas provenientes de la fundición de cobre Ventanas. Actualmente, los suelos en las cercanías de la fundición presentan una escasa vegetación, son ácidos, deficientes en nitrógeno y contaminados con metales. Para reducir el riesgo ambiental, es necesario remediar estos suelos. La fitoestabilización considera el uso de plantas capaces de almacenar los metales en sus estructuras subterráneas, reduciendo así su movimiento desde el suelo contaminado al aire y al agua. El éxito del tratamiento depende de la aplicación de enmiendas adecuadas que reducen la solubilidad de los metales en los suelos y, a la vez, mejoran sus condiciones para el desarrollo de la planta. Se evaluó el efecto del...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Fitorremediación; Fitoestabilización; Fundición Ventanas; Metalófita; Biodisponibilidad; Revegetación.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200002

VARIABILIDAD ASOCIADA A LA DETERMINACIÓN DE RESIDUOS DE CLORPIRIFOS AL SER APLICADO EN UN HUERTO DE MANZANOS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Junod,Julio; Zagal,Erick; Sandoval,Marco; Venegas,Alejandro; Campos,Jorge; Radrigan,Rudi; Barra,Ricardo; Vidal,Gladys.
El presente estudio tiene por objetivo probar mediante ensayos supervisados la variabilidad de los residuos de clorpirifos (CHP) asociados a una metodología de muestreo validada en terreno, al aplicar el ingrediente activo (IA) en huerto de manzanos, con dos diferentes metodologías de aspersión y en épocas diferentes de desarrollo vegetativo. Se estudió la persistencia al aplicar 1,8 kg ha -1(Lorsban 50%WP®, Dow AgroScience, USA), mediante nebulizadora con bomba de espalda con motor (NBEM) y con nebulizadora de alto volumen (NAV). Se evaluó el modelo que representa el mejor ajuste de la declinación de los residuos a través de regresión no lineal. Los resultados muestran altos coeficientes de variación (CV) en ambos métodos de aplicación, NBEM (69%) y NAV...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Pesticidas; Residuos; Degradación.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300002

APLICACIÓN DE LODOS DE PLANTA DE TRATAMIENTO DE CELULOSA: EFECTO EN ALGUNAS PROPIEDADES FÍSICAS Y QUÍMICAS DE SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Aravena R,Claudia; Valentin C,Cristian; Diez J,M. Cristina; Mora G,M de la Luz; Gallardo A,Felipe.
Los lodos de planta de tratamiento de celulosa son ricos en materia orgánica (MO) y pueden ser utilizados para mejorar las propiedades químicas y físicas del suelo. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación de lodo de planta de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la industria de celulosa sobre las propiedades físicas y químicas de suelos volcánicos (Serie Gorbea y Collipulli). Se adicionó lodo (0, 10, 20, 30 y 50 Mg ha-1) a los suelos y se incubó por 75 días a 22 ± 2ºC. A los 15 y 75 días se determinó el contenido de materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno disponible (N), pH, Al extractable, capacidad de campo, densidad aparente y estabilidad de los agregados. La aplicación de lodo incrementó significativamente (p &amp;#8804; 0,05) los...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Suelos degradados celulosa; Lodo química de suelos física de suelos.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100001

Efecto de la Aplicación de Herbicidas en Condiciones de Campo Sobre Algunas Actividades Biológicas
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alvear Z,Marysol; López E,Roxana; Rosas G,Analí; Espinoza N,Nelsón.
Se realizó un ensayo en un suelo Andisol de la IX Región con el objetivo de determinar el efecto de diferentes herbicidas aplicados en cultivos anuales tradicionales sobre las actividades biológicas del suelo. Los cultivos y herbicidas aplicados en cada caso correspondieron a trigo-MCPA+metsulfuron-metil, lupìno-simazina, raps-trifluralina y un testigo sin aplicación de herbicidas. En general, todas las actividades biológicas fueron afectadas negativamente por los distintos tratamientos de herbicidas (p&lt; 0,05) en el primer y segundo muestreo respecto al testigo. Entre las actividades generales, el C y N biomásico fueron afectados negativamente por la trifluralina y el MCPA+metsulfuron-metil, mientras que la dehidrogenasa fue afectada significativamente...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Biomasa microbiana; Actividades enzimáticas; Herbicidas; Dehidrogenasa; Fosfatasa ácida; Cultivos anuales.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100007

ÍNDICES DE FITOTOXICIDAD EN RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS DURANTE EL COMPOSTAJE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Varnero M,María Teresa; Rojas A,Claudia; Orellana R,Roberto.
La madurez de un compost se puede establecer mediante bioensayos de germinación con especies sensibles a metabolitos fitotóxicos. Estas sustancias debieran ser metabolizadas o inmovilizadas durante la fase de maduración del compostaje, generando un material estabilizado biológicamente y con una baja o nula fitotoxicidad. En este estudio se evaluó la sensibilidad de lechuga (Lactuca sativa var. Cuatro Estaciones) y rabanito (Raphanus sativus var. Cherry Bell) a los extractos obtenidos de residuos agroindustriales que estaban en la fase de maduración del proceso de compostaje. Con residuos de café instantáneo (C), mezcla de residuos de café instantáneo y de fruta fresca (C+F) y residuos vitivinícolas con guano broiler (V+G), se prepararon extractos en agua...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Bioensayos; Índice de germinación; Compost.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100003

Distribución del carbono orgánico del suelo almacenado en el perfil de un Alfisol en ecosistemas Mediterráneos de Chile
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Muñoz,Cristina; Ovalle,Carlos; Zagal,Erick.
The overexploitation of the natural resources in the Mediterranean-type climate region of Chile, has resulted in natural forest fragmentation and expansion of Acacia caven (Mol), forming the ‘Espinal’ ecosystem (EE) that includes two million of hectares in the Central part of Chile. The effect of the anthropogenic intervention over the soil organic carbon (SOC) in these ecosystems is unknown. The aim of this study was to quantify the SOC stocks and it profile distribution in the EE. This was achieved by collecting soils samples according to soil coverage percentage canopy from: well-preserved Espinal (WPE), 51-80 %; good-preserved (GE), 26-50 %; degraded (DE), 11-25 % and very degraded (VDE), 0-10 %. We also included a native forest (NF), 80-98 % of soil...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Acacia caven; Degraded ecosystems; Soil use intensity.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100002

Sorption-Desorption Processes of Metals and Metalloids in Soil Environments
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Violante,A; Pigna,M.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Sorption-desorption processes; Metals and metalloids; Soil environments.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400015

Session 2. Soil-Root-Microbe Interaction &amp;amp; their Effects on the Transformation &amp;amp; Bioavailability of Nutrients
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400017

SOIL GLYCOSIDASE ACTIVITIES AND WATER SOLUBLE ORGANIC CARBON UNDER DIFFERENT LAND USE TYPES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Ma,X. Z; Chen,L. J; Chen,Z. H; Wu,Z.J; Zhang,L.L; Zhang,Y.L.
The purpose of this study was to measure the effects of different land uses on soil glycosidase activities (a- and (&amp;#946;-glucosidase, &amp;#945;- and (&amp;#946;-galactosidase), water soluble organic carbon (WSOC) and their relationships. Glycosidase activities showed significant differences under different land use types, the highest one was woodland. (&amp;#946;-glucosidase had the highest activity among the four glycosidases. The activities of these glycosidases decreased with increasing soil depth, being all significantly affected by change of soil depth. Except grassland, the four glycosidase activities intercorrelated each other. Woodland had the highest content of WSOC in the soil depth of 0-20 cm and at increasing soil depth, WSOC content...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Glycosidase activities; Water soluble organic carbon; Land use; Soil depth.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200001

COMPARACIÓN DE DOS MÉTODOS ALTERNATIVOS AL POZO BARRENO PARA LA MEDICIÓN DE LA CONDUCTIVIDAD HIDRÁULICA SATURADA (Ks) EN UN ALFISOL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Pfeiffer,Marco; Haberland,Julio; Kremer,Cristian; Seguel,Oscar.
El presente estudio evaluó el uso de alternativas al método del pozo barreno (PB) para la medición de conductividad hidráulica saturada (K) en ausencia de un nivel freático. Se realizaron mediciones de K en un suelo estratificado de textura superficial franco arcillo limosa fina sobre un sustrato de gravas y piedras mediante los métodos del pozo barreno (PB), el método del cilindro infiltrómetro (CI) y el método del permeámetro de carga constante (PCC). Los valores obtenidos con el método del PCC reflejaron una alta variabilidad (CV=249%) y diferencias de hasta un orden de magnitud en el valor de K obtenido (Ksx=l,03 m dia-1). Los métodos del PB y el CI presentaron coeficientes deTrabajo realizado como Memoria de Título para optar al Título Profesional de...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Pozo Barreno; Cilindro Infiltrómetro; Permeámetro de Carga constante.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000300005

EFFECT OF BULK DENSITY ON HYDRAULIC PROPERTIES OF HOMOGENIZED AND STRUCTURED SOILS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Dec,Dorota; Dorner,José; Becker-Fazekas,Orsolya; Horn,Rainer.
In order to determine the effect of bulk density and soil structure on their hydraulic behaviour, undisturbed samples were collected and disturbed samples were prepared from a Luvisol. The experimental field, located in Harste/Goettingen, Germany, was cultivated with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). The water retention curve (WRC) and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) were measured on undisturbed samples and homogenized samples prepared at different bulk densities (1.2 -1.4 and 1.6 Mg m-3). To determine the effect of soil shrinkage on the unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (k/&amp;#936;) ,the vertical deformation of the repacked samples was measured and relative water content differences (d&amp;#952;)were determined. The hydraulic properties of soils with...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Water retention curve; Soil shrinkage; Soil structure.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000100001

Protein Adsorption at Solid Surfaces and Protein Complexation with Humic Acids
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Norde,W; Tan,W; Koopal,L.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Proteins; Solid surfaces; Humic acids.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400011

UREASE ACTIVITY AND NITROGEN MINERALIZATION KINETICS AS AFFECTED BY TEMPERATURE AND UREA INPUT RATE IN SOUTHERN CHILEAN ANDISOLS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Cartes,Paula; Jara,Alejandra A; Demanet,Rolando; Mora,María de la Luz.
Incubation studies were carried out to evaluate the effect of temperature and urea supply level on both the urease activity and the kinetics of N mineralization in two Andisols of Southern Chile. Our results showed that urease activity was higher in Piedras Negras soil (PNS) than Freiré soil (FS) at 24 and 48 h, and the enzyme was activated when the temperature increased from 5 to 21 °C. Urease activity followed a simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics. In PNS, the Michaelis Menten constant (Km) decreased, whereas the maximum enzyme reaction velocity (Vmax) and the catalytic efficiency increased when the temperature was raised up to 21 °C at 24 and 48 h of soil incubation. In FS, urease activity was the highest at 24 h, and it decreased at 48 h as a consequence...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Urease activity; N mineralization; Urea; Andisols.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000100006

MAGELLAN PEAT (Sphagnum magallanicum) AS NATURAL ADSORBENT OF RECALCITRAN SYNTHETIC DYES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Sepulveda-Cuevas,Luisa A; Contreras-Villacura,Elsa G; Palma-Toloza,Carolyn L.
Colour abatement is a complex problem because the synthetic origin of the dyes used in the industry. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the feasibility of using Magellan peat (Sphagnum magallanicum) as an adsorbent of textile dyes, determining the physical-chemical characteristics of the peat by measuring the adsorptive capacity of the dyes as well as exploring the degrading potential of the native microorganisms they contain. The results obtained indicate that the peat has a specific surface area (BET) and a volume of 144.3 m² g-1 and 60% of meso- and macropores, respectively. The basicity of the peat surface is superior to acidity and the pH in which the neutrality is reached is about 3.1. Equilibrium concentrations for the basic, acid and reactive...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Adsorption; Dyes; Textile effluents.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200005

ATRAZINE EFFICIENCY IN AN ANDISOL AS AFFECTED BY CLAYS AND NANOCLAYS IN ETHYLCELLULOSE CONTROLLED RELEASE FORMULATIONS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Cea,M; Cartes,P; Palma,G; Mora,M.L.
Atrazine, a herbicide used for the control of broadleaf weeds of different crops, was incorporated in ethylcellulose controlled release formulations (CRFs) by using the solvent evaporation technique. Allophanic clays and nanoclays were incorporated as matrix modifying agents. The formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their behavior was determined in aqueous phase. Dissipation studies and soil columns experiments with CRFs were also carried out, and compared with commercial formulations (CFs). In addition, a short-term bioassay was performed to evaluate the effect of CRFs and CFs on the emergence and growth of field mustard (Brassica campestris L.) under greenhouse conditions. The matrix...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Natural clays and nanoclays; Controlled release; Soil; Herbicidal activity.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100007

Session 5. Environmental Biotechnology: Biochemical and Molecular Mechanisms of Microbe-Plant-Root Interactions &amp;amp; Their Genomic &amp;amp; Proteomic Advances Pertaining to Restoration of Contaminated Soils
Provedor de dados: 127
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400020

PHOSPHORUS-MOLYBDENUM RELATIONSHIP IN SOIL AND RED CLOVER (Trifolium pratense L.) ON AN ACID ANDISOL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Ribera,Alejandra E; Mora,Maria de la Luz; Ghiselini,Vanessa; Demanet,Rolando; Gallardo,Felipe.
We studied the phosphorous (P) and molybdenum (Mo) relationship in soil and red clover (Trifoliumpratense L.) in a non limed and limed acid Andisol of Southern Chile. In soil, we evaluated the effect of different liming (0 and 2000 mg kg-1), P (0, 200 and 400 mg kg-1), and Mo (0, 0.58 and 0.96 mg kg-1) doses supply on soil available Mo. In addition, the availability of P and Calcium (Ca) in treated soils was determinated. In red clover, we studied the Mo and P shoot concentrations and dry matter yield in response to the different treatments applied to the soil. Also, we measured the changes produced by Mo uptake in shoot Cu concentrations. The results showed that both, lime and more strongly P and Mo additions significantly (P &amp;#8805; 0.05) increased...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Phosphorous; Molybdenum; Andisol; Red clover.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100008

CARACTERÍSTICAS FÍSICAS DE SOLOS SALINO-SÓDICOS SUBMETIDOS A PARCELAMENTO DA LÂMINA DE LIXIVIAÇÃO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alberto Ruiz,Hugo; Arruda Sampaio,Regynaldo; Oliveira,Maurício de; Afonso Ferreira,Paulo.
O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência do parcelamento da lâmina de lixiviação sobre as características físicas de solos salino-sódicos. Cilindros foram preenchidos com amostras de solos: NEOSSOLO FLÚVICO (Ae1); NEOSSOLO FLÚVICO, coletado a 0-20 cm (Ae2-s) e 20-50 cm (Ae2-i) de profundidade, e VERTISSOLO (V). O gesso foi incorporado até 15 cm de profundidade, numa quantidade equivalente a 100% da necessidade de gesso para substituição do sódio trocável. O manejo de água consistiu na aplicação de solução de lixiviação com CaCl2 e MgCl2 de uma única vez e do mesmo volume parcelado em duas, quatro e seis vezes, respectivamente, com intervalos de 22 dias entre cada aplicação. Verificou-se que o gesso e a lâmina de lixiviação diminuíram a dispersão...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Salinidade; Lixiviação de sais; Recuperação de solos.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000300001

Flujo Hídrico no Saturado en Andisoles
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Nissen M,Juan; Quiroz S,Cristian; Seguel S,Oscar; Mac Donald H,Roberto; Ellies Sch,Achim.
El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue determinar la conductividad hidráulica en fase no saturada en tres Andisoles bajo dos manejos bosque y praderas en s series Bramadero, Pemehue y Osorno, localizados en la VIIª, IXª y Xª Regiones de Chile, respectivamente. En muestras de suelo no alteradas se determinó la conductividad hidráulica en fase no saturada a distintas profundidades, mediante la metodología propuesta por Becher (1970), que combina la medición del potencial mátrico en el suelo y la aplicación de las ecuaciones de continuidad y de Darcy. Mediante mediciones de potencial mátrico, se monitoreó durante 95 días en laboratorio el proceso de secado en perfiles de suelo no alterados y en ausencia de un nivel freático artificial. Paralelamente,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Conductividad hidráulica no saturada; Movimiento de agua; Andisol.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000100003

RESISTANCE MECHANISMS OF ALUMINUM (Al3+)PHYTOTOXICITY IN CEREALS: PHYSIOLOGICAL, GENETIC AND MOLECULAR BASES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Inostroza-Blancheteau,Claudio; Soto,Braulio; Ulloa,Pilar; Aquea,Felipe; Reyes-Diaz,Marjorie.
Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the main factors limiting crop productivity in acid soils around the world. In cereals, this problem can affect between 30 and 40% of crop yields. One way to reduce the toxic effect of Al is to neutralize the acidity with calcareous amendments. However, this practice is demanding and not very effective. An alternative is the search for genetic variability in the genome of cropping grasses and/or their wild relatives to resist Al. The development of biotechnology and molecular genetics approach has facilitated the understanding of the physiological, genetic and molecular bases in the process of ameliorating these species. This review presents the main physiological mechanisms of Al resistance and the genetic and molecular...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Aluminum tolerance; Cereals; Organics acid; ALMT1 gene; Triticeae family.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000300006

EFFECT OF SOIL MANAGEMENT ON THEIR THERMAL PROPERTIES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Dec,Dorota; Dörner,José; Horn,Rainer.
In order to determine the effect of soil management on its thermal properties, undisturbed soil samples were taken from two tillage treatments (conventional and conservation treatment) at two depths (0-30cm and 30-60cm) of a Stagnic Luvisol (silt loam) before and after directly wheeling. The experimental field, located in Harste/Goettingen, Germany, was cultivated with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). To calculate thermal properties of the soil, the volumetric water content (TDR needles) and temperature (pT 100 thermistors) during the simulation of the daily fluctuation of temperature were registered in laboratory and then the thermal conductivity, volumetric heat capacity and heat diffusivity were calculated following the damping depth method and the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Heat capacity; Heat conductivity; Thermal diffusivity; Tillage system.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000100003

NUTRIENTS BALANCES IN BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION SYSTEMS AND THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alfaro,M; Salazar,F. S; Oenema,O; Iraira,S; Teuber,N; Ramirez,L; Villarroel,D.
The main inputs and outputs of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in soils and swards under typical Southern Chilean conditions were determined between 2004-2005 and 2006-2007 to establish soil and field gate N and P balances under different immediate stocking rates (63 and 191 anim ha-1 d-1) and field slope treatments (4 and 12%). Treatments received 67.5 and 40 kg N and P ha-1 yr-1 as inorganic fertilizer. The main N and P input to the soil balances was N mineralization (304 kg ha-1 yr-1) and inorganic fertilizer (62 and 69% for N and P, respectively). The main output for all treatments was plant uptake (95% and 100% on average for N and P, respectively). The N and P apparent use efficiency was high (&gt;95%). The main N and P input to field gate balances...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Stocking rate; Field slope; Grazing; Nutrient budget.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000100004

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF SPLIT-WINDOW ALGORITHMS FOR ESTIMATING SOIL TEMPERATURE
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Vera,Leonardo; Parra,Juan C; Morales,Luis; Mattar,Cristián; Jorquera-Fontena,Emilio.
The ability to estimate soil temperature (Ts) from satellite information is highly useful, since this is one of the main input variables in various models designed for estimating biophysical parameters. A comparative analysis is made of various Split-Window algorithms used to estimate soil temperature from data provided by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor on board of satellites of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The algorithms compared are those proposed by: Prata and Platt (1991); Uliveri et al. (1992); Sobrino et al. (1993); Caselles et al. (1997); Sobrino and Raissouni (2000). The temperature estimates were validated with data of the soil temperature in situ recorded in a data logger installed in a...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: AVHRR-NOAA Sensor; Meteorological station.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100004

DISTRITOS Y SITIOS DE LA PROVINCIA TEMPLADA SECOESTIVAL NUBOSA O VALPARAÍSO: SECANO DE LA COSTA
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Cosio G,Fernando; Negrón B,Mary; Gastó C,Juan; Villate G,Juan Luis.
En la Provincia Templada Secoestival Nubosa o Valparaíso, Secano de la Costa Central, se determinaron y caracterizaron los Distritos y Sitios, mediante el Sistema de Clasificación de Ecorregiones, propuesto por Gastó et al. (1993) y antecedentes adicionales presentados por Silva (1991) y Vallejos (2001), entre otros. La Capacidad de Uso en el área varía de: V en el Distrito Depresional (1,8%), de I a IV en el Distrito Plano (25%), de IV a VI en el Distrito Ondulado (32,4%), de VII a VIII en el Distrito Cerrano (39,6%) y, finalmente, VIII en el Distrito Montano (1,3%). Los Sitios del Distrito Depresional, son en su mayoría profundos con hidromorfismo permanente y alta salinidad-sodio; los Sitios del Distrito Plano son, en general, media-profundo con drenaje...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Distrito geomorfológico; Sitio.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000100004

TILLAGE EFFECT ON SOIL ORGANIC MATTER, MYCORRHIZAL HYPHAE AND AGGREGATES IN A MEDITERRANEAN AGROECOSYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Curaqueo,Gustavo; Acevedo,Edmundo; Cornejo,Pablo; Seguel,Alex; Rubio,Rosa; Borie,Fernando.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and their product glomalin (GRSP) play a decisive role in the soil aggregation, affecting the carbon (C) dynamics in agroecosystems. Tillage affects the AMF activity and GRSP content, influencing the stability and the soil C forms as well. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) on: i) arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length and GRSP content; ii) the nature of soil organic matter by means of physical fractionation (free paniculate organic matter [fPOM]; occluded paniculate organic matter [oPOM] and mineral-associated soil organic matter [Mineral]), as well as chemical fractionation (fulvic acid, humic acid and humin), and iii) the relationships between AMF parameters,...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Agroecosystem Glomalin Related Soil Protein; Mollisol Organic Matter Fractions Soil Aggregates.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000100002

CATALYTIC POTENTIAL OF SOIL HYDROLASES IN NORTHEAST CHINA UNDER DIFFERENT SOIL MOISTURE CONDITIONS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Zhang,Y.L; Sun,Cc.X; Chen,L.J; Duan,Z.H.
An incubation test with black soil (Phaeozem), Albic soil (Albic Luvisols), brown soil (Cambisols), and cinnamon soil (Chromic Luvisol) from Northeast China was conducted under the conditions of 10%, 20% and30 % field capacity, and the kinetic parameters of soil urease, phosphatase, and arylsulphatase were determined, aimed to study the changes in the catalytic potential of these enzymes under different soil moisture conditions. All test enzymes exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic behaviors. The test enzymes exhibited the highest enzyme-substrate affinity (l/Km) at 20% or 30% field capacity. With increasing soil moisture content, the Fmax of test soil urease decreased, while that of soil phosphatase and arylsulphatase increased, with the maximum...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Soil enzymatic kinetic parameters; Soil hydrolase; Soil moisture condition.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000200003

LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND DIFFUSE POLLUTION IN A VOLCANIC SOIL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alfaro,Marta; Salazar,Francisco.
In developed countries, intensive grazing has been related to water pollution. The results of several projects carried out on a volcanic soil of the Osorno soil series on beef grazing production systems have shown that grazing management did not increase total nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) transfer and losses. Due to the high water infiltration capacity of the soil, runoff was &lt;1% of total drainage, therefore, N and P losses in runoff were small. Nitrogen leaching losses were high (3 up to 71 kg N ha-1 yr-1). Nitrogen loss in runoff was mainly lost as DON (c. 50%) while N leaching losses were mainly as nitrate (c. 70%). Total P losses ranged between 1 and 22 g P ha-1 yr-1 and they increased with increasing field slopes. Phosphorus was mainly lost as...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen; Phosphorus; Dairy production; Beef production; Environmental impact.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200002

MODERN APPROACHES FOR THE STUDY OF s-TRIAZINE HERBICIDE BIOREMEDIATION IN AGRICULTURAL SOILS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Hernández,Marcela; Morgante,Verónica; Flores,Cecilia; Villalobos,Patricio; González,Myriam; Miralles,Pola; Dinamarca,Alejandro; Seeger,Michael.
The extensive use of s-triazine herbicides in diverse countries causes environmental and health concern. Simazine and atrazine are s-triazines widely used in agriculture and forestry. Although, natural dissipation of s-triazines in soils by physicochemical processes has been described, the main mechanism for their removal is biological degradation by microorganisms. Bioremediation is a successful strategy for the removal of i-triazines in soil. For bioaugmentation processes, s-triazine-degrading bacteria are required, which isolation from agricultural soils was described in this report. Studies of s-triazine adsorption and leaching in soil are useful to determine the bioavailability of these herbicides. The detection of s-triazine-degrading catabolic...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Í-triazine; Simazine; Biodegradation; Bioremediation; Herbicide.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200004

Solute Interactions in Soils in Relation to Bioavailability and Remediation of the Environment
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Bolan,N.S; Ko,B.G; Anderson,C.W.N; Vogeler,I.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Phytoremediation; Heavy metals; Soil remediation.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400002

CARACTERIZACIÓN FÍSICA-QUÍMICA Y BIOLÓGICA DE ENMIENDAS ORGÁNICAS APLICADAS EN LA PRODUCCIÓN DE CULTIVOS EN REPÚBLICA DOMINICANA
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Pérez,Aridio; Céspedes,Carlos; Núñez,Pedro.
Los beneficios de la aplicación de enmiendas orgánicas en la agricultura son conocidos a nivel mundial; sin embargo, existen muy pocos estudios sobre los contenidos nutricionales y actividad biológica de estos fertilizantes orgánicos. En República Dominicana estas enmiendas son aplicadas en la agricultura hace más de dos décadas; pero no han sido estudiadas. El objetivo de la investigación fue determinar las características física-químicas y microbiológicas de las enmiendas orgánicas de mayor uso en República Dominicana, así como las fuentes utilizadas para su preparación. Las muestras de enmiendas orgánicas fueron recolectadas en las localidades de Jarabacoa, Espaillat, La Vega y Montecristi durante el periodo enero del 2005 a julio 2006. En total se...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Propiedades físicas; Químicas; Biológicas; Suelo; Enmiendas orgánicas; Compost.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000300002

CRESCIMENTO INICIAL E ESTADO NUTRICIONAL DO TRIGO SUBMETIDO À APLICAÇÃO DE ZINCO VIA SEMENTÉ
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Mello Prado,Renato de; Ferreira Frade Junior,Elízio; Rinaldi Mouta,Ernesto; Cássia Gomes São João,Andréia de; Savério Souza Costa,Roberto.
Objetivou-se avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial e a nutrição da cultura do trigo ( Triticum aestivum L.) em função da aplicação de zinco (Zn) via sementé. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos inteiramente casualizados, com fatorial 4 x 2+1, sendo [quatro doses de Zn, 100; 200; 400 e 800 g por 100 kg de sementé e duas Zn fontes, ZnS0(4) e ZnO] e tres repeticoes. Avaliou-se o índice de velocidade de emergencia, a altura media das plântulas, a materia seca em folhas e raizes e o teor e o acumulo de Zn das plântulas e o índice de eficiencia de absorção. A aplicação de zinco ñas sementes de trigo afetou o estado nutricional e a produção de materia seca das plântulas. As plântulas apresentaram maior eficiencia de absorção quando o Zn foi fornecido na forma...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Triticum aestivum L.; Micronutrientes; Tratamento de sementes; Nutrição mineral de plantas.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000200003

Soil Physicochemical and Biological Interfacial Interactions in the Rhizosphere: Impacts on Food Security and Ecosystem Integrity
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Huang,P.M.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Rhizosphere; Climate change; Nanoparticle.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400005

CARBONO ORGÁNICO DEL SUELO EN DIFERENTES USOS DEL TERRENO DE PAISAJES ANDINOS COLOMBIANOS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Carvajal,Andrés F; Feijoo,Alexander; Quintero,Heimar; Rondón,Marco A.
Se estudió la relación de cambios en el uso del terreno con el C y N edáficos, en el municipio de Alcalá (región cafetera colombiana), entre 900 y 1600 m de elevación. Los suelos son Argiudolls y Melanudands y las unidades de muestreo fueron definidas según el gradiente altitudinal. Se midieron contenidos de C y N, relación C:N, densidad aparente y abundancias de 13C y 15N. Se encontraron diferencias significativas (p &lt; 0,05) por el efecto de la altura. La zona alta mostró mayores contenidos de C (37,06-42,88 t ha-1) y N (3,12 - 3,86 t ha-1), mayor relación C:N (11,17 - 11,97), menor densidad aparente (0.56 - 0.65 g cm"³) y abundancia de 15N (4,59 - 5,15%o). Barbechos y monocultivos almacenaron más carbono en la parte subterránea del suelo; mientras que...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Almacenamiento de carbono en los Andes; Cambios en el uso del terreno; Isótopos estable.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000300005

LA PERMEABILIDAD DEL AIRE Y CONDUCTIVIDAD HIDRÁULICA SATURADA COMO HERRAMIENTA PARA LA CARACTERIZACIÓN FUNCIONAL DE LOS POROS DEL SUELO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Dorner,José; Dec,Dorota.
Con el objetivo de describir los aspectos funcionales de los poros de suelos labrados, se recolectaron muestras no disturbadas en dos profundidades y orientaciones (vertical y horizontal) en suelos estructurados del Norte de Alemania. Se determinó la curva de retención de agua, la permeabilidad de aire (ka) y la conductividad hidráulica en fase saturada (k f). Se calculó la distribución de poros por tamaño, la porosidad de aire e índices de continuidad de poros. El manejo agrícola afecta al suelo cuantitativa y cualitativamente. La formación de un pie de arado implica no tan sólo una reducción del volumen de poros sino que también causa una dependencia espacial de las propiedades hidráulicas del suelo a través de la formación de una estructura laminar. Con...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Permeabilidad del aire; Porosidad del suelo; Continuidad de poros.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000200001

FOREWORD: Second International Symposium of Soil, Ecology and Environment November 8-9,2007
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Mora,María de La Luz; Matus,Francisco.
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000200001

EFFECT OF LIQUID COW MANURE ON CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES IN AN ANDISOL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Aguilera,Paula; Briceño,Gabriela; Mora,María de la Luz; Demanet,Rolando; Palma,Graciela.
The aim of this work was to establish the effect of the dose of liquid cow manure (LCM) on some chemical properties and biological activity in an Andisol. This study was carried out under laboratory conditions using an Andisol and LCM from a dairy farm located in the South of Chile. The dose of LCM were the equivalent to 0 (SO), 100 (S100), 200, (S200) and 300 (S300) thousand L ha-1. This amount is equivalent to regular agronomic LCM applications. The chemical characterization indicated that the LCM addition modified all the tested Andisol chemical properties. These begin to return to the initial conditions from 10 days on, with the exception of EC, K and DOC. The C-C0(2) evolution indicated that LCM incorporation at increasing dose enhanced the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Liquid amendment; Biological activities; Chemical analysis.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200007

KINETICS OF SOIL UREASE AFFECTED BY UREASE INHIBITORS AT CONTRASTING MOISTURE REGIMES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Juan,Y.H; Chen,L.J; Wu,Z.J; Wang,R.
With black soil (Pachic Udic Argiboroll) of Northeastern China as the test object, an incubation test was conducted to investigate the effects of urease inhibitors, hydroquinone (HQ), phenyl phosphorodiamidate (PPD) and N-(n-Butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT), on the kinetic characteristics of soil urease under normal moisture and waterlogged conditions, aimed to study the changes of catalytic potential of soil urease and the inhibition mechanisms. The results showed that test urease exhibited typical Michaelis-Menten kinetic behaviors, and all test inhibitors increased the Km and decreased the Vmax of soil urease, behaving as mixed inhibitors to soil urease. Under both normal and waterlogged conditions, compared with HQ, PPD and NBPT made Km increase...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Kinetic parameters; Mixed inhibition; Moisture regime; Soil urease.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912009000200004

EFECTO DE LA MATERIA ORGÁNICA Y EL MANEJO SOBRE LA HIDROFOBICIDAD DE SUELOS VOLCÁNICOS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Cuevas Becerra,José.
La repelencia al agua o hidrofobicidad de los suelos depende de una fuerte interacción entre las fracciones minerales y orgánicas del suelo. El contenido de materia orgánica condicionara de manera importante el monto de la repelencia, pero no todo el Carbono orgánico es repelente, y mas que el monto total de compuestos orgánicos, son sus características traducidas como calidad de materia orgánica, la que incidirá sobre los montos de hidrofobicidad. Es posible encontrar dos tipos de repelencias, naturales e inducidas. La repelencia se origina por los cambios en las magnitudes de las fuerzas intermoleculares eléctricas que actúan en la interfase de sólido-liquido-gas pudiendo ser evaluada a través del ángulo de contacto (&amp;#952;) entre estas fases. Existe...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Sistema poroso del suelo; Suelos hidrófobos; Ángulo de contacto.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000200002

SOIL NUTRIENT CONTENTS AND ENZYMATIC CHARACTERISTICS AS AFFECTED BY 7-YEAR NO TILLAGE UNDER MAIZE CROPPING IN A MEADOW BROWN SOIL
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Zhang,Y.L; Chen,L.J; Chen,Z.H; Sun,C.X; Wu,Z.J; Tang,X.H.
No tillage is being populanzed for the rainfed maize production in Northeast China. In order to evalúate its effects on the nutrient contents and enzymatic charactenstics in upland soils of Northeast China, surface (0-20 cm) meadow brown soil samples were collected from the plots under no tillage and conventional tillage in a 7-year field experiment under maize cropping in Shenyang, with the soil pH, contents of total C, N, P and S and available N, activities of &amp;#945;- and (&amp;#946;-galactosidase, &amp;#945;- and (&amp;#946;-glucosidase, urease, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulphatase, and kinetic parameters of (&amp;#946;-glucosidase, protease, phosphomonoesterase, phosphodiesterase, and arylsulphatase determined....
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Conservation tillage; Conventional tillage; Soil enzyme activity; Enzyme kinetic properties.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200006

ACTIVIDADES BIOLÓGICAS Y ESTABILIDAD DE AGREGADOS EN UN SUELO DEL BOSQUE TEMPLADO CHILENO BAJO DOS ETAPAS SUCESIONALES Y CAMBIOS ESTACIONALES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Alvear,Marysol; Urra,Cecilia; Huaiquilao,Rodrigo; Astorga,Marcia; Reyes,Francisco.
La actividad microbiana es afectada por variables ecológicas primarias, tales como la densidad y composición de la flora, etapa sucesional y variables secundarias, como las estaciones del año. Dentro de las actividades biológicas del suelo las más importantes están relacionadas con la materia orgánica (MO) y el ciclado de nutrientes, las que nos permiten detectar, junto a otros parámetros físicos del suelo, cambios tempranos en su bioquímica, grado de compactacion de suelos y actividades biológicas producidas por el impacto antrópico. En este estudio cuantificamos y comparamos un número de actividades biológicas y el porcentaje de agregados estables al agua bajo dos etapas sucesionales y dos estaciones de crecimiento en un bosque templado del centro-sur de...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Indicadores biológicos tempranos; Suelos bajo bosque nativo; Etapas sucesionales.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300004

BIOENSAYOS DE FITOTOXICIDAD DE RESIDUOS ORGÁNICOS EN LECHUGA Y BALLICA ANUAL REALIZADOS EN UN SUELO ALFISOL DEGRADADO
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Celis Hidalgo,José; Sandoval Estrada,Marco; Briones Luengo,Mario.
El propósito de este estudio fue evaluar la fitotoxicidad de distintos residuos orgánicos. Se midió el índice de germinación (IG), la longitud de radícula/hipocotilo de la lechuga y la biomasa de ballica anual en un suelo granítico degradado (Alfisol). Los residuos orgánicos fueron: lodo municipal (LM), lodo de piscicultura salmonídea terrestre (LPT), y lodo de salmonicultura lacustre (LSL). Cinco dosis de estos materiales (lodo/suelo) fueron preparadas: 25, 50, 75,100 y 1501 ha-1. Un control sin adición también fue incluido. Los resultados indicaron que el IG, así como la longitud de radícula y del hipocotilo de la lechuga no se afectaron significativamente cuando la tasa lodo/suelo varió entre 25 a 1001 ha-1. Con respecto a ballica anual, todos los...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Residuos de salmonicultura; Lodo urbano; Fertilizante orgánico; Biosólidos.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912007000300005

Interaction with Soil Constituents Determines the Environmental Impact of Proteins
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Quiquampoix,H.
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Proteins; Enzymes; Clay-humic complexes.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400012

GROWTH OF Inga vera WILLD. SUBSP. Affinis UNDER RIZOBIA INOCULATION
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Maia,Julio; Scotti,Maria Rita.
Nitrogen, in general, is the largest limiting plant growth nutrient in the tropics and is required as a synthetic fertilizer to improve plants productivity. Therefore, studies aiming in understanding and using nitrogen fixation by leguminous trees have been done as a low-cost alternative for chemical fertilizer. Native legume trees such as Inga vera have been recommended in the rehabilitation of degraded areas due their ability to establish symbiosis with nitrogen fixation organisms replacing nitrogen fertilization. These species are able to increase soil organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus availability. Thus, the present study aims to assess the inoculation effects of native rhizobia strains on nodulation, dry matter production, nitrogen and...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen; Fertilizer; Symbiotic efficiency.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912010000200005

EFECTO DE CULTIVOS HOSPEDEROS Y NO HOSPEDEROS SOBRE PROPÁGULOS MICORRÍCICOS ARBUSCULARES
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Castillo,Claudia; Astroza,Ivonne; Borie,Fernando; Rubio,Rosa.
Estudios recientes en campo han demostrado que las esporas fúngicas disminuyen cuando se utilizan como pre-cultivo no hospederos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue estudiar la influencia de un cultivo hospedero, avena (Avena sativa L.) y cultivos no hospederos, como lupino (Lupinus albus L.) y raps (Brassica napus L.) sobre los propágulos de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) y diversidad fúngica junto con la actividad fosfatásica en un Andisol serie Temuco e Inceptisol serie Lumaco. El ensayo se realizó en condiciones de invernadero, desde septiembre de 2006 hasta marzo de 2007, utilizándose macetas de 5 kg con un diseño experimental completamente al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El número de esporas HMA fue mayor en el Andisol que en el Inceptisol y...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Avena; Lupino; Raps; Andisol; Inceptiso.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000100004

ISMOM 2008: 5* International Symposium on Interactions of Soil Minerals with Organic Components and Microorganisms: Commission 2.5 Soil Physical/Chemical/Biological Interfacial Reactions of the International Union of Soil Sciences
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Mora Gil,María de la Luz; Theng,Benny K.G.
Tipo: Journal article
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912008000400001

COMPARISON OF CHILEAN NATURAL PHOSPHATIC MINERALS
Provedor de dados: 127
Autores: Rojas W,Carlos.
The begining of phosphatic deposits study was dated around 1963 through the survey developed at Bahia Tongoy, and later on at Pachingo in 1989. In this article, a synthesis of the main geological, physico-chemical, and agronomic features of these materials is presented, remarking some of these properties, and agronomical applications obtained after the accomplished research. Location of deposits is described, as well as their origin and phosphorus enrichment. Some solubility results of Chilean rocks is compared with other reactive rocks of USA, and Latinoamerica. Results of classical rock composition, is compared with some Chilean rocks, located at the north region of Chilean territory. Actualized figures of phosphate rock production at Chilean market, is...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Phosphatic ores; Rock reactivity; Andisols; Agronomical use.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-27912006000200003