Consulta: subjectFacets:"C51"
Registros recuperados: 48
Data/hora: 11/06/2024 19:14:40

Simplified Marginal Effects in Discrete Choice Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Soren T.; Newell,   Richard G.
We show that after a simple normalization of explanatory variables so that they equal zero at some desired reference point, marginal effects for continuous variables in probit and logit models simplify dramatically, becoming a function of only the estimated constant term. We present similar simplifications for computation of the asymptotic variance of marginal effects, as well as for the effects of dummy variables on predicted probabilities. We provide a simple table, which in combination with raw probit or logit estimates, is all one needs to compute the desired effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Logit; Probit; Discrete choice; Binary choice; Marginal effect; Data normalization; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C25; C51; C81.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10631

Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Andersen,   Matthew A.; Alston,   Julian M.; Pardey,   Philip G.
This is a substantially revised version of “Capital Use Intensity and Productivity Biases.” Andersen, Matt A.; Alston, Julian M.; Pardey, Philip G., St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota, Department of Applied Economics; University of Minnesota, International Science and Technology Practice and Policy (InSTePP), 2007. (Staff paper P07-06; InSTePP paper 07-02)
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: U.S. agriculture; Pro-cyclical productivity; Capital utilization; Primal productivity bias; Productivity Analysis; D24; C51; Q1; O4; O47.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93143

Animal Efficiency in an Intensive Beef Production System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fleming,   Euan M.; Fleming,   Pauline; Rodgers,   Heidi; Griffith,   Garry R.; Johnston,   David.
A stochastic input distance function is estimated to analyse the efficiency with which physical characteristics of individual lot-fed beef cattle in Australia are combined with conventional inputs to produce a final product possessing defined quality attributes. High mean technical efficiency estimates are reported for all animals and by breed. All partial output elasticities with respect to inputs are of expected sign. Of four outputs included in the analysis, carcass weight and moisture retention in meat after cooking have highly significant coefficients of expected sign, but two meat quality variables have coefficients of unexpected sign indicating that they decline as inputs increase. Some evidence is detected of scope economies between moisture...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Intensive agriculture; Scope economies; Livestock Production/Industries; Q12; C51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24673

EU policy reform simulation based on panel data estimation of on- and off-farm labour supply equations for Dutch dairy farmers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ooms,   Daan L.; Hall,   Alastair R.
This research focuses on the estimation of labour supply equations for Dutch dairy farmers that are suitable for policy simulations. Data availability leads to the fact that we can not estimate structural labour supply equations. We show how to derive reduced form equations suitable for policy simulations. In this research we use the panel data sample selection estimation approach of Kyriazidou (1997) and Wooldridge (1995) to estimate the off-farm labour supply equation. The two lead to different estimation results and different simulation results based on these.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Econometrics; Panel Data; Sample Selection; Labour Supply; CAP Reform; Labor and Human Capital; C23; C24; C51; C53; D13; J22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19434

ASSET FIXITY IN U.S. AGRICULTURE: ROBUSTNESS TO FUNCTIONAL FORM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lin,   Ni; Shumway,   C. Richard.
The sensitivity of asset fixity conclusions, input adjustment rates, and elasticities to choice of functional form is examined using a dynamic dual model of U.S. agriculture. A very general initial specification allows tests of instantaneous adjustment to be performed for every input.  Test results are mixed across functional forms for all inputs except real estate, which is consistently found to be quasi-fixed. Important differences in estimated adjustment rates and elasticities are also found among the functional forms. The translog has higher likelihood support than either the generalized Leontief or normalized quadratic functional forms for this dynamic model specification and data set.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Finance; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q11; C51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12967

Impact of Income on Price and Income Responses in the Differential Demand System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brown,   Mark G.
An extension of the Rotterdam model is developed that makes the model’s income flexibility and marginal propensities to consume varying coefficients. Frisch’s duality relationships that the second partial derivatives of demand with respect to income and prices are independent of the order of differentiation are imposed with the marginal propensities to consume specified as functions of income and price, and the Slutsky coefficients specified as functions of income only. A uniform substitute specification is used to analyze the conditional demands for a group of beverages.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Demand; Rotterdam model; Varying parameters; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Production Economics; C51; D12; Q11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47201

The Need for Theoretically Consistent Efficiency Frontiers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sauer,   Johannes; Hockmann,   Heinrich.
The availability of efficiency estimation software –freely distributed via the internet and relatively easy to use –recently inflated the number of corresponding applications. The resulting efficiency estimates are often used without a critical assessment with respect to the literature on theoretical consistency, flexibility and the choice of the appropriate functional form. The robustness of policy suggestions based on inferences from efficiency measures nevertheless crucially depends on theoretically well-founded estimates. This paper addresses stochastic efficiency measurement by critically reviewing the theoretical consistency of recently published technical efficiency estimates. The results confirm the need for a posteriori checking the regularity of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Functional form; Stochastic efficiency analysis; Theoretical consistency; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C51; D24; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24497

Restrictions of empirical policy analyses: the example of the evaluation of rural development policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Margarian,   Anne.
The present paper asks under what circumstances a standardisation of evaluations would be feasible in order to enable a comprehensible aggregation of results for the European administration. We argue that in the complex environment of rural development the adequate definition of system boundaries is a precondition for the successful application of empirical methods and the identification of causal effects. If macro effects and self-enforcing effects are important, the objects of inquiry have to be defined on a higher observational level. In this case, the statistical identification may not be possible because there might be hardly any comparable (“counterfactual”) observations. We conclude that evaluators need definite theoretical guidance in order to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Complex systems; Causal inference; Counterfactual approach; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O22; Q18; R58; C51.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95320

A SPATIAL ECONOMETRIC STAR MODEL WITH AN APPLICATION TO U.S. COUNTY ECONOMIC GROWTH, 1969–2003
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Holt,   Matthew T.
Spatial regression models incorporating non-stationarity in the regression coefficients are popular. We propose a spatial variant of the Smooth Transition AutoRegressive (STAR) model that is more parsimonious than commonly used approaches and endogenously determines the extent of spatial parameter variation. Uncomplicated estimation and inference procedures are demonstrated using a neoclassical convergence model for United States counties.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Spatial autoregression; Smooth transition; Spatial econometrics; STAR; GWR; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C21; C51; R11; R12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48117

A metafrontier approach to measuring technical efficiencies across the UK dairy sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barnes,   Andrew Peter; Revoredo-Giha,   Cesar; Sauer,   Johannes.
A regional approach is applied to measure technical efficiencies on dairy farms which employs the deterministic metafrontier approach. We construct six super regions for the UK, i.e. Eastern, Western, Northern England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Data are collected through three different administrative systems, all be it under the same FADN guidance. We find for dairy farming comparative indicators of performance in all three data sets. The stochastic frontier approach is applied to construct 6 regional frontiers and a pooled (UK) dataset for comparison. A likelihood ratio test rejects the null hypothesis that these regions operate under a common frontier which may indicate bias in previous attempts to measure dairying efficiency at the country...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Stochastic Production Frontiers; Metafrontiers; UK Farm Account Data; Dairy farming.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q12; D24; C23; C51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99369

Efficiency in Damage Control Inputs: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karagiannis,   Giannis; Tsionas,   Efthimios; Tzouvelekas,   Vangelis.
The present paper extents the existing literature providing a theoretically consistent framework for measuring input-specific technical efficiency in damage control inputs within a stochastic production frontier model. The theoretical framework for modeling damage control agents is based on Fox and Weersink (1995) model specification that allows for increasing returns on damage control inputs. The empirical model accounts veterinary expenses as the damage control input and it is applied on a panel data set of sheep farms in Greece during the 1989-92 period. The results suggest that sheep farms in Greece are using inefficiently immunization and antibiotics in their flock as their average technical efficiency level was 72.82%. On the other hand, technical...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Increasing returns; Input-specific technical efficiency; Damage and control function; Sheep farms; Greece; Farm Management; Q12; Q16; C23; C51.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24642

Exchange and Interest Rates prior to EMU: The Case of Greece
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Antzoulatos,   Angelos A.; Wilfling,   Bernd.
Recently a variety of exchange and interest rate models capturing the dynamics during the transition from an exchange rate arrangement of floating rates into a currency union have been derived. While these stochastic equilibrium models in continuous time are theoretically rigorous, a systematic and extensive empirical validation is still lacking. Using exchange and interest rate data collected prior to the Greek EMU-entrance on 1 January 2001 this paper tries to fill the gap between theory and real-world data. The analysis reveals that the formal models can explain many features of the Greek exchange and interest rate dynamics on the road to EMU.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EMU; Exchange and interest rate models; Policy shifts; Economic regime switching models; International Relations/Trade; E43; F31; F33; C51; C52.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26325

La relación entre ventajas competitivas y resultados empresariales en la industria agroalimentaria aragonesa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mamaqi,   Xhevrie; Gonzalez,   Maria A.; Albisu,   Luis Miguel.
Este trabajo investiga la relación entre las ventajas competitivas y resultados empresariales en el marco de la industria agroalimentaria (IAA) en Aragón (España). Se propone un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales cuyas relaciones se construyen teniendo en cuenta la literatura existente sobre el tema tanto en su vertiente teórica como empírica. Sobre una muestra de 194 empresas agroalimentarias aragonesas y un total de 19 indicadores, seleccionados para inferir las ventajas competitivas empresariales, se ha utilizado la técnica de Partial Least Squares (PLS) para contrastar las relaciones estructurales. La importancia de las actividades de innovación, introducción de nuevos productos y relaciones con los proveedores sobresalen sobre otros tipos de...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Industria agroalimentaria (IAA); Aragón; Ventajas competitivas; Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales (MEE); Agricultural and Food Policy; C31; C51; L66; R10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57288

A Model of Inflation for Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cooray,   Arusha.
This paper uses two models: an open economy model and a closed economy model to estimate a price equation for Sri Lanka.  The results suggest greater support for the open economy model.  Consistent with previous studies for Sri Lanka, supply side factors appear to be important in influencing the general price level in Sri Lanka.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Sri Lanka; Inflation; Price; Nested - non nested models; Cointegration; Error correction; Farm Management; E31; E64; C51; C52.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50017

Since When Have FOREX Markets Incorporated EMU into Currency Pricing? Evidence from Four Exchange Rate Series
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilfling,   Bernd.
Recent theory on exchange rate dynamics suggests that the mere announcement of regime switching from floating to fixed rates at a given future date triggers a reduction in exchange rate volatility during the interim period. Using a Markov-switching GARCH model this paper estimates the volatility processes of four EMU exchange rate returns vis-à-vis the German mark using daily data for the time prior to Stage III of EMU. Statistical inference yields the dates at which financial markets began to incorporate the expected EMU participation of each country into currency pricing. The data exhibits strong econometric evidence for two distinct views concerning the ultimate EMU membership: (1) Finland and France were considered irrefutable EMU members long before...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: EMU; Exchange rate policy; Volatility; Regime-switching GARCH models; Financial Economics; F31; F33; C51.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26136

Quality Adjustment for Spatially-Delineated Public Goods: Theory and Application to Cost-of-Living Indices in Los Angeles
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer.
This paper illustrates how public goods may be incorporated into a cost-of-living index. When public goods are weak complements to a market good, quality-adjusted prices for the market good capture all the welfare information required. They are also consistent with a Laspeyres index that maintains the bound on a true cost-of-living index. The paper recovers this information from a discrete-choice model, using a simulation routine to solve for the appropriate price adjustments. These concepts are applied to the case of housing, education, crime, and air quality in Los Angeles for 1989 to 1994. Over a period of time when they are improving, incorporating pubic goods into the index lowers the estimated change in the cost of living by 0.5 to 2.6 percentage...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Air quality; Discrete choice models; Green accounting; Nonmarket valuation; Price index; Public Economics; C51; D12; D60; E31; H40; R10.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10833

Interdependencies in the Energy-Bioenergy-Food Price Systems: A Cointegration Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ciaian,   Pavel; Kancs,   d'Artis.
The present paper examines a long-run relationship between the energy, bioenergy and food prices. In the recent years the bioenergy production has increased significantly around the world. The increase has been driven by rising energy prices as well as by environmental policies aiming at reducing the harmful effects of conventional sources of energy, such as climate change. Bioenergy, in turn, affects agricultural markets, because it uses agricultural commodities as inputs. The theoretical model we develop predicts that, because of price inelastic food demand, the agricultural price increase may be substantial. The empirical findings confirm the theoretical hypothesis that energy prices do affect prices of agricultural commodities. However, the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy; Bioenergy; Crude oil; Renewable fuel; Cointegration; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Development; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C14; C22; C51; Q11; Q13; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61009

EFFICIENT ESTIMATION OF HEDONIC INVERSE INPUT DEMAND SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kristofersson,   Dadi; Rickertsen,   Kyrre.
The paper is concerned with efficient estimation of characteristics demand. We derive and estimate an inverse input demand system for quality characteristics by using 172,946 observations over 881 trading days in the Icelandic fish auctions. An improved estimation method based on an expanded random coefficient model is suggested as an alternative to the currently used two-stage method of Brown and Rosen (1982). The estimates demonstrate the improved efficiency of the suggested method. A number of empirical results emerge, including a general increase in the demand for quality.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; C51; Q22.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21926

A BAYESIAN ALTERNATIVE TO GENERALIZED CROSS ENTROPY SOLUTIONS FOR UNDERDETERMINED ECONOMETRIC MODELS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Heckelei,   Thomas; Mittelhammer,   Ronald C.; Jansson,   Torbjorn.
This paper presents a Bayesian alternative to Generalized Maximum Entropy (GME) and Generalized Cross Entropy (GCE) methods for deriving solutions to econometric models represented by underdetermined systems of equations. For certain types of econometric model specifications, the Bayesian approach provides fully equivalent results to GME-GCE techniques. However, in its general form, the proposed Bayesian methodology allows a more direct and straightforwardly interpretable formulation of available prior information and can reduce significantly the computational effort involved in finding solutions. The technique can be adapted to provide solutions in situations characterized by either informative or uninformative prior information.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Underdetermined Equation Systems; Maximum Entropy; Bayesian Priors; Structural Estimation; Calibration; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C11; C13; C51.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56973

Agricultural Trade Flows among Developing Countries: Do Regional Preferential Trade Agreements make a Difference?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tembo,   Gelson; Jayne,   Thomas S.
Regional integration through trade is recognized as one way to foster economic growth and poverty reduction. This paper uses the gravity model and 11-year panel data (1996-2006) on Southern African Development Community (SADC) member countries to study Zambia’s regional agricultural trade flows and the impact of the SADC Trade Protocol (SADC-TP). Zambia’s volume of trade is significantly related to most of the standard gravity variables. The results indicate that Zambia has been largely trading below potential, especially with respect to exports. There have been improvements in Zambia’s trade flows during the SADC-TP period but only with a few countries. Further improvements will require re-examining protocol implementation and individual countries’...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Southern Africa; Regional trade; Gravity analysis; Zambia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C23; C51; F12; F14; F15.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51733

Regulatory Takings and the Diminution of Value: An Empirical Analysis of Takings and Givings
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Truesdell,   Marie K.; Bergstrom,   John C.; Dorfman,   Jeffrey H.
A hedonic model is used to measure the change in value of residential lots in Rockport, Texas, resulting from Section 404 of the U.S. Clean Water Act. Results show that average lot values initially decreased, went though a six-year adjustment period, and then stabilized on a higher price path resulting in a positive net effect on average lot values throughout the Rockport area (with the exception of a particular subdivision). The results indicate that Section 404 generated both regulatory "takings" and "givings," suggesting that both effects should be considered when assessing the benefits and costs of regulatory events and compensation claims.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Clean Water Act Section 404; Hedonic price method; Interrupted time series; Regulatory takings and givings; Wetlands; Agricultural and Food Policy; C51; D61; R11; R21; Q15.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43791

Operational Models for Improving the Targeting Efficiency of Agricultural and Development Policies: A systematic comparison of different estimation methods using out-of-sample tests
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Houssou,   Nazaire; Zeller,   Manfred.
Accurate targeting is key for the success of any development policy. While a number of factors might explain low targeting efficiency such as governance failure, political interference or lack of political will, this paper focuses on improving indicator-based models that identify poor households and smallholder farmers more accurately.    Using stepwise regressions along with out-of-sample validation tests and receiver operating characteristic curves, this paper develops proxy means tests models for rural and urban Malawi. The models developed have proved their validity in an independent sample and therefore, can be used to target a wide range of development policies to the poor. This makes the models a potentially interesting policy tool for the country.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Malawi; Poverty targeting; Predictions; Proxy means tests; Out-of-sample tests; ROC curve; Bootstrap; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Political Economy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C01; C13; C51; C52; I3; I32; Q14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51454

Inside the 'Black Box' of Project Star: Estimation of Peer Effects Using Experimental Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boozer,   Michael A.; Cacciola,   Stephen E.
The credible identification of endogenous peer group effects— i.e. social multiplier or feedback effects —has long eluded social scientists. We argue that such effects are most credibly identified by a randomly assigned social program which operates at differing intensities within and between peer groups. The data we use are from Project STAR, a class size reduction experiment conducted in Tennessee elementary schools. In these data, classes were comprised of varying fractions of students who had previously been exposed to the Small class treatment, creating class groupings of varying experimentally induced quality. We use this variation in class group quality to estimate the spillover effect. We find that when allowance is made for this ‘feedback’ effect...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Peer effects; Data with a group structure; Organization of schooling; Experimental evidence; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; Z13; C51; C81; I21; C23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28524

Discussion: Applications and Innovations in Spatial Econometrics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: LeSage,   James P.
These articles provide a discussion of studies presented in a session on spatial econometrics, focusing on the ability of spatial regression models to quantify the magnitude of spatial spillover impacts. Both articles presented argue that a proper modeling of spatial spillovers is required to truly understand the phenomena under study, in one case the impact of climate change on land values (or crop yields) and in the second the role of regional industry composition on regional business establishment growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Lagged variables; Panel data; Spatial spillovers; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; C51.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113519

Dynamic adjustments in the Dutch greenhouse sector due to environmental regulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verreth,   Daphne M.I.; Emvalomatis,   Grigorios; Bunte,   Frank H.J.; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.
Horticultural firms are dependent on energy to produce, while policy makers focus on reducing the use of energy and investment in energy-saving technologies. The paper aimed to asses Dutch greenhouse farmers‘ responses to policies that would affect prices of different energy inputs. The farmer’s behaviour is modelled in two steps: firms are assumed to maximize profit at given energy use level, and firms are assumed to minimize the discounted sum of energy costs. The model is estimated using farm survey data spanning the period 2001-2008. Short-run and long-run elasticities with respect to prices and investments in energy-using technology are estimated. The greenhouse sector shows a fast adjustment of energy capital towards its long-run equilibrium. This...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse horticulture; Energy; Dynamic duality; Adjustment costs; Agricultural and Food Policy; C51; C61; D92; Q12; Q18; Q48.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99364

APPLYING A METHOD OF PAIRED COMPARISONS TO MEASURE ECONOMIC VALUES FOR MULTIPLE GOODS SETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rosenberger,   Randall S.; Peterson,   George L.; Loomis,   John B.
A method of paired comparison is adapted for use in estimating economic measures of value.  The method elicits multiple binary choices for paired items in a choice set.  Probability distributions and economic values are estimated nonparametrically and parametrically.  The method is applied in an experimental context with a choice set composed of four private goods and several sums of money.  The sample's median value estimtes for the goods are generally not different than the market prices for these goods.  People who are in the market for a good value it higher than those not in the market for the good.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Alternative gains; Economic valuation; Hypothetical market; Paired comparisons; Stated choice method; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C51; C80; D12; Q26.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15516

Weather-Based Crop Insurance Contracts for African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karuaihe,   Raphael N.; Wang,   H. Holly; Young,   Douglas L.
Weather constitutes the major source for production risk in agriculture. Weather index can be used construct crop insurance that demand less information and can avoid moral hazard and adverse selection problems. Based on mean-variance model, theoretical results on the optimal insurance coverage and its impact from risk preference, basis risk, and premium loading are derived, which are quite consistent to the empirical results from the expected utility model. Using South Africa corn data, we investigate growers' demand and efficiency of alternative hypothetical weather index crop insurance programs. In contrast to previous work that suggests that a single-variable weather index suffices to develop an insurance contract, this study shows that the insured...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty; C51; C61; G22; Q14.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25378

A Flexible Multistage Demand System Based on Indirect Separability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Moschini,   GianCarlo.
The notion of indirect separability is exploited to derive a new multistage demand system. The model allows a consistent parameterization of demand relations at various budgeting stages and it fulfills the requirement of flexibility while satisfying separability globally. Two propositions are derived to characterize flexible and separable functional forms, which lead to the specification of a flexible and separable translog (FAST) demand system. The model is particularly attractive for modeling large complete demand systems, and is illustrated with an application to Canadian food demand.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; D11; D12; C51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18514

EFFECTS OF OWNERSHIP RESTRICTIONS ON FARMLAND VALUES IN SASKATCHEWAN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carlberg,   Jared G.
Restrictions on the ownership of farmland by nonresidents of Saskatchewan were imposed by the Farmland Security Act (FSA) in 1974.  The FSA has been blamed by some observers for depressed provincial land values.  An adaptive expectations present value model is developed to estimate the effects of the FSA, with the province of Alberta included as a control.  Results of seemingly unrelated regressions and generalized autoregressive conditional hetereoscedasticity estimates find no statistically significant effect of the FSA on the value of land in Saskatchewan.  This may indicate that the effect of the regulatory change is too small to be measured accurately.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptive expectations; Farmland Security Act; Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity; Present value; Seemingly unrelated regressions; Land Economics/Use; C51; G21; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15473

Adapting agriculture to climate change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Iglesias,   Ana; Quiroga,   Sonia; Diz,   Agustin; Garrote,   Luis.
We evaluate the potential impacts and measure the potential limits of adaptation of agriculture to climate change. Pressures on land and water resources are expected to intensify existing risks in low latitude areas – e.g., South-East Asia deltas – and in regions with current water scarcity – e.g. Mediterranean, and create new opportunities in some northern temperate areas – e.g., Northern Russia, Northern Europe. The need to respond to these risks and opportunities is addressed by evaluating the costs and benefits of a number of technical and policy actions. The discussion aims to assist stakeholders facing the adaptation challenge and develop measures to reduce the vulnerability of the sector to climate change.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climatic change; Global production; Mitigation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C51; C53; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120200

Alternative Theories and Empirical Approaches to Price Discovery: An Application to Fed Cattle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Carlberg,   Jared G.; Ward,   Clement E.
Price discovery is a frequent topic of research, but many times is not clearly defined and thus purported to cover a myriad of topics.  This article provides two alternative theories as the basis for one line of price discovery research. Empirical models consistent with the two theories are estimated using a common data set.  Empirical results differ as expected.  This article evidences why the theoretical basis for an empirical model depends on clearly defining the objective(s) of the research.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Derived demand; Fed cattle; Partial adjustment model; Price discovery; Q13; Q11; Q12; C51; C22.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43201

Business Establishment Growth in the Appalachian Region, 2000-2007:  An Application of Smooth Transition Spatial Process Models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Xu,   Wan; Lambert,   Dayton M.
Business establishment growth in the Appalachian region (2000–2007) was regressed on industry sector composition controlling for demographic, physical, and economic determinants. We test the hypothesis that local response to growth determinants is geographically heterogeneous using Smooth Transition spatial process models. This class of models exhibiting endogenous regime switching behavior provides another tool for exploring the spatially heterogeneous effects of local determinants on economic growth.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Appalachia; Business establishment growth; Smooth transition models; Spatial processes; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C21; C51; O47; R11.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113517

Modeling Non-Linear Spatial Dynamics: A Family of Spatial STAR Models and an Application to U.S. Economic Growth
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pede,   Valerien O.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.; Holt,   Matthew T.
This paper investigates non-linearity in spatial processes models and allows for a gradual regime-switching structure in the form of a smooth transition autoregressive process. Until now, applications of the smooth transition autoregressive (STAR) model have been largely confined to the time series context. The paper focuses on extending the non-linear smooth transition perspective to spatial processes models, in which spatial correlation is taken into account through the use of a so-called weights matrix identifying the topology of the spatial system. We start by deriving a non-linearity test for a simple spatial model, in which spatial correlation is only included in the transition function. Next, we propose a non-linearity test for a model that includes...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spatial econometrics; Non-linearity; Utoregressive smooth transition; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C12; C21; C51; O18; R11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6518

A Spatiotemporal Fixed Effects Estimation of U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burnett,   J. Wesley; Bergstrom,   John C.
One of the major shortcommings of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored.  By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors).  By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results.  By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics.  To address this potential...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pollution Economics; Environmental Kuznets Curve; Spatial Econometrics; Dynamic Panel Data; Carbon Dioxide Emissions; Global Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C33; C51; Q43; Q50; Q53; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103580

Bargaining over governments in a stochastic environment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Merlo,   Antonio.
In this paper we structurally estimate a game-theoretic model of government formation in a multiparty parliamentary democracy.  We focus on the timing and the terms of government agreements in the context of a multilateral stochastic model of sequential bargaining with complete information (Merlo and Wilson (1194, 1995)) where efficient delays may occur in the unique equilibrium.  Besides showing that our model yields a good fit to the data on the duration of negotiations over government formation as well as government durations in postwar Italy, we use our estimates to quantify the advantage to proposing and to conduct policy experiments to evaluate the effects of changes in the bargaining procedure.  We show that the gains from proposing tend to be quite...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Noncooperative bargaining; Delay; Government formation; Structural estimation; Duration models.; Political Economy; C41; C51; C73; C78; D72.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7476

An Assessment of Dynamic Behavior in the U.S. Catfish Market: An Application of the Generalized Dynamic Rotterdam Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Jones,   Keithly G.
The generalized dynamic Rotterdam model was used in estimating U.S. demand for disaggregated catfish. The overall goal was to examine habit persistence in consumption and to determine the adjustment process in demand. Results indicated that it took up to 1 month for catfish-product demand to fully adjust to changes in expenditures and prices. Additionally, habit persistence played a role in demand where present consumption of a given product was positively affected by past consumption of that product. Consequently, U.S. catfish demand was significantly more elastic in the long-run.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Catfish; Demand; Dynamics; Partial adjustment; Rotterdam model; Agribusiness; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; C51; Q11; Q13; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56660

PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL:  A MAXIMUM ENTROPY APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Robinson,   Sherman; Tarp,   Finn.
We introduce a maximum entropy approach to parameter estimation for computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The approach applies information theory to estimating a system of nonlinear simultaneous equations. It has a number of advantages. First, it imposes all general equilibrium constraints. Second, it permits incorporation of prior information on parameter values. Third, it can be applied in the absence of copious data. Finally, it supplies measures of the capacity of the model to reproduce the historical record and the statistical significance of parameter estimates. The method is applied to estimating a CGE model of Mozambique.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maximum entropy; Computable general equilibrium; CGE; Prior information; Mozambique.; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C51; C68.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42456

Estimating Large-Scale Factor Models for Economic Activity in Germany: Do They Outperform Simpler Models?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dreger,   Christian; Schumacher,   Christian.
This paper discusses a large-scale factor model for the German economy. Following the recent literature, a data set of 121 time series is used via principal component analysis to determine the factors, which enter a dynamic model for German GDP. The model is compared with alternative univariate and multivariate models. These models are based on regression techniques and considerably smaller data sets. Out-of-sample forecasts show that the prediction errors of the factor model are smaller than the errors of the rival models. However, these advantages are not statistically significant, as a test for equal forecast accuracy shows. Therefore, the efficiency gains of using a large data set with this kind of factor models seem to be limited. Diese Arbeit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Factor models; Principal components; Forecasting accuracy; International Development; E32; C51; C43.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26321

An Ordinal Regression Model using Dealer Satisfaction Data
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Staus,   Alexander.
This article analyses dealer satisfaction data in the agricultural technology market in Germany. The dealers could rate their suppliers in the ’overall satisfaction’ and in 38 questions which can be summarized in 8 dimensions. An ordinal regression model which is also known as the proportional odds model is used to analyse the ordinal scaled rating of the dealers. The ordinal regression model is a well examined method in econometric theory, but many authors prefer using a linear regression model due to better interpretation, even the assumptions of a linear regression do not fit the data. Since the estimated coefficients of an ordinal regression model can not be properly interpreted we show other methods for a better insight of the relationship of the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Keywords: ordinal regression; Dealer satisfaction; Interpretation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing; C25; C51; Q13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98632

Slovak Agricultural Markets Under Alternative CAP Scenarios - AG-MEMOD Modelling Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pokrivcak,   Jan; Bartova,   Lubica; Ciaian,   Pavel.
Slovak sectoral partial equilibrium econometric model based on AG-MEMOD approach is used to analyse the development of the Slovak agricultural markets after EU accession. Simulation results for cereals, oilseeds and meats are provided in this article. Two scenarios are analysed: non-accession baseline and accession with adoption of single area payment scheme. EU accession is expected to increase prices of most products, the biggest increase of prices will occur in animal sector. Because of higher prices consumption will go down. Decrease of consumption will be mitigated by income growth. Production will not increase substantially due to decoupling of direct payments. Trade balance for majority of products will improve.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Partial equilibrium econometric model; EU accession; Slovakia; Agricultural markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; C51; Q11; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24674

On- and Off-Farm Labour Supply of Dutch Dairy Farmers: Estimation and Policy Simulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ooms,   Daan L.; Hall,   Alastair R.
This research focuses on the effect of decoupled payments on labour supply of Dutch dairy farmers. Data availability leads to the fact that we can not estimate structural labour supply equations. We show how to derive reduced form equations suitable for policy simulations. We use the panel data sample selection estimation approach Wooldridge (1995) to estimate the off-farm labour supply equation. This method is based on Mundlak's (1978) linear panel data estimation approach, which we use to estimate the on-farm labour supply equations. Even though, simulations show a significant negative effect of decoupled payments on labour supply, the economic significance of this effect is very limited.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupled payments; Labour supply; Panel data; Sample selection; Policy simulation; Labor and Human Capital; Livestock Production/Industries; C23; C24; C51; C53; D13; J22; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24506

A MODEL OF HOUSEHOLD TYPE SPECIFIC FOOD DEMAND BEHAVIOUR IN HUNGARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brosig,   Stephan.
The paper describes a two stage model of Hungarian households'’ food demand. Demand for the food aggregate is represented by a Working-Leser type single equation model while demand for seven distinct food types is modelled in a complete demand system using the LA/AIDS functional form. Estimation is based on household budget survey data for 1996. Demand elasticities are estimated for average households as well as for specific groups defined by sociodemographic characteristics. Fruit and vegetables are found to be the food types with most elastic demand but in general, differences between elasticities for different products as well as between different sociodemographic groups are relatively small.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Demand modelling; Hungary; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; C31; C51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14864

The information theoretic foundations of a probabilistic and predictive micro and macro economics
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Judge,   George G.
Despite the productive efforts of economists, the disequilibrium nature of the economic system and imprecise predictions persist. One reason for this outcome is that traditional econometric models and estimation and inference methods cannot provide the necessary quantitative information for the causal influence-dynamic micro and macro questions we need to ask given the noisy indirect effects data we use. To  move economics in the direction of a probabilistic and causal based predictive science, in this paper information theoretic estimation and inference methods are suggested as a basis for  understanding and making predictions about dynamic micro and macro economic processes and systems.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Information theoretic methods; State space models; First order Markov processes; Inverse problems; Dynamic economic systems; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C40; C51.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122890

The Effects of Class Size on the Long Run Growth in Reading Abilities and Early Adult Outcomes in the Christchurch Health and Development Study
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boozer,   Michael A.; Maloney,   Tim.
This paper utilizes the feature of the CHDS data from New Zealand that children are sampled for extremely long individual histories of their class size experiences as well as their scholastic and early labor market outcomes. Our interest is to explore the full set of empirical implications of the recent experimental evidence on class size effects on student achievement from the United States in Project STAR for observational data. We argue that one implication of Project STAR is that only persistent class size reduction policies may have detectable effects, and so the longitudinal aspect of CHDS is necessary to detect class size effects. We account for the observational nature of the CHDS (in that children were not randomly assigned to different class...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: School quality; Value-added model; Experimental evidence; Labor and Human Capital; C51; C81; I21; C23.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28384

Effectiveness of Nitrate Policy in Flanders (1990-2003): Modular Modelling and Response Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Veraet,   Mieke; Lauwers,   Ludwig H.; Lenders,   Sonia; Overloop,   Stijn.
The impact of current nitrate policy measures in Flanders is estimated. A modular modelling system has been developed for comparing response and pressure indicators and for decomposing the response impact of policy measures. Compared to 1990, the internalised manure surplus is reduced to zero, whereas the distance to target of the soil surface balance to the water quality standard dropped only with 58%. Source-linked and sink-related measures each account for about the half of the manure surplus reduction. The impact of abatement technologies is minor. The modular approach helps to unravel the discrepancy between pressure and response and to propose policy alternatives.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Abatement technology; DPSIR scheme; Nitrogen pollution reduction; Agricultural and Food Policy; B41; C51; H21; K32.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24450

International Trade, Productivity Growth, Education and the Wage Differential: A Case Study of Taiwan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chang,   Hsiao-chuan.
The cause of changes in the wage differential between skilled and unskilled labor has been an important subject of debate for several decades. International trade and productivity growth are two main causes that have been suggested from large country studies. Recent research proposes that education is another influence. All three causes have been significantly associated with Taiwan’s economic development. This paper attempts to contribute to the literature by investigating the wage differential in Taiwan, a small open economy. A Dynamic Intertemporal General Equilibrium (DIGE) model is used to perform theoretical simulation. An Error Correction Model (ECM) incorporating both short- and long-run effects is employed to accomplish the empirical examination....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Wage differential; Dynamic intertemporal general equilibrium model; Error correction model; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; C12; C15; C51; F10; F41; H52; J31.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44011

Efficiency analysis of producers’ organizations (Case of South Eastern and Central planning regions of Bulgaria)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zaimova,   Darina.
The main aim of this paper is to compare two alternative methods for estimating frontier functions and measuring efficiency in production. The application of Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) to the same data panel provides insights in estimating technical efficiency of producers’ organizations in selected regions in Bulgaria.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: DEA; SFA; Technical efficiency; Frontier production; Farm efficiency; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development; C14; C23; C51; C61; C67; D24.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94636

Per Unit Costs to Own and Operate Farm Machinery
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beaton,   Aaron J.; Dhuyvetter,   Kevin C.; Kastens,   Terry L.; Williams,   Jeffery R.
With increasingly thin margins and new technologies, it is important that farm managers know their cost of field operations on a per unit basis (e.g., acre, ton, bale).  Accurate per unit costs give confidence when constructing enterprise budgets and evaluating new technologies, such as no-till.  Custom rates are often used as a proxy for per unit costs; however, this research, using entropy and jackknife estimation procedures, found that custom rates understate total ownership and operating costs by approximately 25% for an average Kansas farm.  Estimates from these models are then used to benchmark actual costs against expected cost.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Benchmark; Custom rates; Custom work; Entropy; Jackknife; Machinery costs; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Q10; Q12; C51; C60.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43720