Consulta: subjectFacets:"C68"
Registros recuperados: 58
Data/hora: 12/06/2024 14:15:42

Effects of Increased Biofuel Blending on Demand for Biomass, Food Production and Commodity Prices in Eastern Germany
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zeller,   Heiko; Haring,   Anna Maria; Khachatryan,   Armen.
Renewable resources are gaining importance in modern society due to their expected positive effects on agriculture, the environment and the economy. To support renewable energy from biomass the EU promotes the cultivation of energy crops. A spatial equilibrium model is applied based on the concept of maximizing net welfare, to provide information whether energy crop production competes with food production for land area and to show the effects of increased biofuel demand on food prices. The Model of Interregional Trade of Energy Crops (ITEC) refers to Eastern Germany and adjacent areas of Poland. Results show that the regions produce enough feedstocks to meet the demand for food and biofuel production. In many cases both food crops and biofuels are either...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Energy crops; Spatial equilibrium analysis; Interregional trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; C00; C60; C68.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51477

Spatial networks in multi-region computable general equilibrium models
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans; Robinson,   Sherman.
"January 1999." Includes bibliographical references (p. 22-24).
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equilibrium (Economics); Economic policy; Spatial analysis (Statistics); Computable general equilibrium (CGE); General Equilibrium; Spatial Network; Multi-Region Modeling; Transportation Costs; Trade Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C68; D58; R13; O18.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97555

Multiplicadores domésticos “SAMEA” en un modelo multisectorial económico y ambiental de España
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morilla,   Carmen R.; Cardenete,   Manuel Alejandro; Llanes,   Gaspar.
En este trabajo se realiza una aplicación de los denominados sistemas híbridos, donde se integra información de distinta naturaleza (en este caso, económica, social y medioambiental Para ello se elabora una matriz de contabilidad social y medioambiental (SAMEA) de España para el año 2000, aplicada al recurso agua y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, estimada a partir de datos oficiales del INE. Este sistema se utiliza como pieza central de un modelo multisectorial del funcionamiento económico y medioambiental y se calculan los “multiplicadores domésticos SAMEA”. Estos multiplicadores muestran los efectos de las diferentes actividades en la producción total de la economía y en el deterioro medioambiental.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Modelos Input-Output; Evaluación de efectos medioambientales; Emisiones contaminantes; Cuentas ambientales; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; Q51; Q52; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57283

An Ex post Evaluation of Economic Impacts of Foot-and-Mouth Disease on Taiwan Using a Dynamic Computable General Equilibrium Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hsu,   Shih-Hsun; Lee,   Duu-Hwa; Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Lin,   Hsing-Chun; Yang,   Tzu-Chiang.
The outbreak of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in 1997 has resulted in significant losses to Taiwan's hog industry which was the most important industry in Taiwan's agricultural sector at that time.  Hog farmers have suffered great losses due to the cost of slaughtering infected hogs and reduced revenues in the hog market.  Furthermore, all pork exports are prohibited according to the Office International des Epizooties (OIE) regulation.  There have been a number of ex ante studies that have quantified the potential impacts of FMD on Taiwan's economy (e.g., Tsai 1999, Lin and Hsu 1999).  That is, the potential impact assessment was done when the event of FMD just broke out. This article provides an ex post economy-wide assessment of the FMD impacts on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Foot-and-mouth disease; Ex post simulation; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68; BE27; BL16.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19545

Optimal Allocation of Land for Conservation: A General Equilibrium Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dissanayake,   Sahan T.M.; Nunez,   Hector M.
This paper was replaced with a revised version on 7/26/10
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation; General Equilibrium Modeling; Optimal Land Allocation; Conservation Tax; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q57; C68.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61820

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on Gauteng
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005. This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58209

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on North West
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005.  This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58208

Assessing the Economic Impacts of Climate Change. An Updated CGE Point of View
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Pierfederici,   Roberta.
The present research describes a climate change integrated impact assessment exercise, whose economic evaluation is based on a CGE approach and modeling effort. Input to the CGE model comes  from a wide although still partial set of up-to-date bottom-up impact studies. Estimates indicate that a temperature increase of 1.92°C compared to pre-industrial levels in 2050 could lead to global GDP losses of approximately 0.5% compared to a hypothetical scenario where no climate change is assumed to occur. Northern Europe is expected to benefit from the evaluated temperature increase (+0.18%), while Southern and Eastern Europe are expected to suffer from the climate change scenario under analysis (-0.15% and -0.21% respectively). Most vulnerable countries are the...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Modeling; Impact Assessment; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121700

A multi-regional general equilibrium model to assess policy effects at regional level
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lovo,   Stefania; Magnani,   Riccardo; Perali,   Carlo Federico.
This paper develops a multi-regional general equilibrium model (MEG-R) to compare the social desirability of the CAP reform in the three Italian macro-regions: North, Center and South. The model employs a mixed complementary framework that allows for the decision of not producing a particular crop in one or more regions and presents an attempt to model interregional trade flows. The model incorporates the links between production and consumption that characterize farm household’s behavior and allows for heterogeneous household responses across regions. Results show a general tendency to reallocations from cereal crops to forage that appear more severe in the South. In this region, the reduction in crops cannot be translated into an effective expansion of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multi-regional general equilibrium model; Farm households; Interregional trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; R13; Q18.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98996

The economic assessment of changes in ecosystem services: and application of the CGE methodology
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosello,   Francesco; Eboli,   Fabio; Parrado,   Ramiro; Nunes,   Paulo A.L.D.; Ding,   Helen; Rosa,   Renato.
The present study integrates Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) modelling with biodiversity services, proposing a possible methodology for assessing climate-change impacts on ecosystems. The assessment focuses on climate change impacts on carbon sequestration services provided by European forest, cropland and grassland ecosystems and on provisioning services, but provided by forest and cropland ecosystems only. To do this via a CGE model it is necessary to identify first the role that these ecosystem services play in marketable transactions; then how climate change can impact these services; and finally how the economic system reacts to those changes by adjusting demand and supply across sectors, domestically and internationally
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecosystems services; Integrated assessment; CGE; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q51; Q54; Q57.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117622

GHG Mitigation Policies in Livestock Sectors:  Competitiveness, Emission Leakage and Food Security
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Henderson,   Benjamin B.; Hertel,   Thomas W.
Recent research on livestock’s role in climate change has raised awareness about contribution that livestock climate policies can make to global mitigation efforts, and has increased the likelihood that mitigation policies will eventually be imposed on the sector. This study investigates effects of GHG mitigation policies on livestock sectors emissions and production by regional sector under a range of global mitigation polices that are broadly aligned with the different responsibilities of developed and developing countries under the UNFCCC. The study also examines emission leakage effects, impacts on food security in developing countries, and the implications of large informal livestock sectors in regions such as Sub Saharan Africa.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Security and Poverty; C68; Q15; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103425

Are The Poverty Effects of Trade Policies Invisible?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Verma,   Monika; Valenzuela,   Ernesto; Hertel,   Thomas W.
With the advent of the WTO’s Doha Development Agenda, as well as the Millennium Development Goals aiming to reduce poverty by 50 percent by 2015, poverty impacts of trade reforms have attracted increasing attention. This has been particularly true of agricultural trade reform due to the importance of food in the diets of the poor, relatively higher protection in agriculture, as well as the heavy concentration of global poverty in rural areas where agriculture is the main source of income. Yet some in this debate have argued that, given the extreme volatility in agricultural commodity markets, the additional price and poverty impacts due to trade liberalization might well be undetectable. This paper formally tests this “invisibility hypothesis” via...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade policy reform; Agricultural trade; Computable general equilibrium; Developing countries; Poverty headcount; Volatility; Stochastic simulation; Non-parametric hypothesis testing; Financial Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; C68; F17; I32; Q17; R20.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61793

Capital Malleability and the Macroeconomic Costs of Climate Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lanzi,   Elisa; Sue Wing,   Ian.
This paper argues for introducing the role of capital malleability into the analysis of environmental policies. The issue is explored by means of a theoretical model, a numerical analysis and a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model. Considering the three approaches together is fundamental in obtaining theory-compatible policy-relevant results. The model outcomes reveal differences between results under separate assumptions regarding the malleability of capital. When capital is imperfectly malleable a carbon policy is less effective than under the assumption of perfect malleability of capital. Therefore, it is important that, especially for the analysis of short-term environmental regulations, the issue of capital malleability is taken into...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: General Equilibrium; CGE Models; Climate Change Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; H22; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59476

An EU-Canada bilateral trade agreement: A DefraTAP application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kitou,   Elisavet; Philippidis,   George.
The first round of negotiations held in Ottawa on the 19th October, 2009, heralded the opening of bilateral trade talks intent on reaching a Canadian-European Union (EU27) free trade area (FTA) agreement. A second round of negotiations were staged in Brussels in January, whilst further rounds are scheduled for 2010, with the longer term aim of ratifying an agreement within 24-30 months. Although stumbling blocs will be encountered, the divergent political interests of each region are compatible. In Canada, a FTA with its second largest trading partner offers a viable alternative to its current overdependence on the US. Similarly, the EU27 sees an opportunity to regain a competitive foothold in the North American market. This paper re-examines the long run...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU27; Canada; Economic integration; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; C68; F11; F15; F17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91679

Sectoral and welfare effects of the global economic crisis on Uganda: a recursive dynamic CGE analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Twimukye,   Evarist P.; Matovu,   John Mary; Levine,   Sebastian; Birungi,   Patrick.
This paper analyses the impact of the global economic and financial crisis on Uganda notably on macro-economic aggregates, sectoral output and household welfare, and the potential role of fiscal policy and reform in mitigating the impacts. We find that second round effects from a reduction in financial inflows such as remittances, foreign direct investments and overseas development assistance, as well as reduction in international demand from cash crops such as cotton, tea and coffee, could lead to a reduction in economic growth by 0.6 percentage points on average annually over the period 2008- 2010 compared to a baseline reflecting pre-crisis conditions. A surge in regional exports and early counter-cyclical policies in particular are found to dampen the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sub-Saharan Africa; Uganda; Global economic and financial crisis; Computable general equilibrium (CGE); Consumer/Household Economics; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; Production Economics; Public Economics; C68; D58; E62; F15; H62; I32.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113619

The Economy-wide Greenhouse Gas Impacts of the Biofuels Boom (or Bust)
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birur,   Dileep K.; Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Rose,   Steven K.
Several studies in the recent past have offered a contrasting and wide range of perspectives on economic and environmental implications of biofuels.  In this study we develop a comprehensive and consistent framework for analyzing the global economic interactions and the direct and indirect impacts of biofuels production on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. We utilize a global Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model which consists of interaction of energy commodities with explicit biofuels and their by-product sectors, land endowment classified by agro-ecological zones, and emission of four major GHGs - carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, fluorinated gases from agricultural and economic activities, including emissions associated with biofuel feedstock,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Renewable Energy; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Agro Ecological Zones (AEZs); Land use change; Greenhouse Gas Emission.; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; Q18; Q42; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49473

The welfare impact of targeted transfers to poor households
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pauw,   Kalie.
Despite widespread poverty there is general consensus among policymakers about the preference of targeted welfare transfers over non-targeted grants due to the budgetary implications of the latter. Targeting, however, adds to the administrative complexities of disbursing welfare grants, thus introducing a cost dimension that is as yet largely unexplored. In this paper a series of targeted transfer simulations are run in a general equilibrium model calibrated with a Social Accounting Matrix for South Africa. Deficit financing and tax replacement policies are considered as financing options, assuming a hypothetical budget constraint of R15 billion. The effectiveness of broad targeting and a low per capita transfer value versus narrow targeting and high...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Government Expenditures and Welfare Programs; Consumer/Household Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68; H50.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58068

Imports in the Washington State Economy: Importance and Regional Effects of Import Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wieck,   Christine; Wahl,   Thomas I.
This paper focuses on the import side of a regional economy quantifying the economic impact of import levels and trade liberalization. An innovation represents the linkage of a regional with a national model by combining two separate Computable General Equilibrium models into one framework. This allows for import price formation in liberalization scenarios on the national level and subsequent incorporation of these nationally simulated prices into the regional model.  The regional model is applied to Washington State, one of the most trade dependent states of the U.S, the national model to the U.S. Data for the two identically structured models origin from the IMPLAN database which divides the U.S. and Washington economy into 509 industries. For both...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Computable General equilibrium; Regional modelling; Trade liberalization; International Relations/Trade; C68; R13; F17.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9861

The Incentives to Participate in, and the Stability of, International Climate Coalitions: A Game-theoretic Analysis Using the Witch Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Duval,   Romain; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper uses WITCH, an integrated assessment model with a game-theoretic structure, to explore the prospects for, and the stability of broad coalitions to achieve ambitious climate change mitigation action. Only coalitions including all large emitting regions are found to be technically able to meet a concentration stabilisation target below 550 ppm CO2eq by 2100. Once the free-riding incentives of non-participants are taken into account, only a “grand coalition” including virtually all regions can be successful. This grand coalition is profitable as a whole, implying that all countries can gain from participation provided appropriate transfers are made across them. However, neither the grand coalition nor smaller but still environmentally significant...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Climate Coalition; Game Theory; Free Riding; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; C72; D58; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54281

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on the Eastern Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005. This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58095

Climate Change Assessment and Agriculture in General Equilibrium Models: Alternative Modeling Strategies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palatnik,   Ruslana Rachel; Roson,   Roberto.
Agricultural sectors play a key role in the economics of climate change. Land as an input to agricultural production is one of the most important links between economy and the biosphere, representing a direct projection of human action on the natural environment. Agricultural management practices and cropping patterns have a vast effect on biogeochemical cycles, freshwater availability and soil quality. Agriculture also plays an important role in emitting and storing greenhouse gases. Thus, to consistently investigate climate policy and future pathways for the economic and natural environment, a realistic representation of agricultural land-use is essential. Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models have increasingly been used to this purpose. CGE models...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Partial Equilibrium (PE); Agriculture; Land Use; Climate Change; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; D58; Q24; Q51; Q54.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54284

The Art of Exceptions: Sensitive Products in the Doha Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gouel,   Christophe; Mitaritonna,   Cristina; Ramos,   Maria Priscila.
It is necessary for multilateral trade negotiations to include exceptions to accommodate politically sensitive sectors. However, given the highly concentrated distribution of agricultural protection, too many exceptions put at risk the objectives of World Trade Organization. This paper assesses the delicate balance required, based on the case of agricultural trade protection in Europe and Japan, two countries where tariff dismantling in the agricultural sector is a particularly sensitive issue. Since agricultural border protection is heterogeneous, we avoid aggregation bias by extending a multi-country computable general equilibrium model to the product level. This allows us to combine the assets from general equilibrium and partial equilibrium modeling,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Doha Development Agenda; CGE model; Disaggregation; Sensitive products; Tariff-rate quotas; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; F13; F17; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115431

Meta-Regression Estimates for CGE Models: A Case Study for Input Substitution Elasticities in Production Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Boys,   Kathryn A.; Florax,   Raymond J.G.M.
The selection of appropriate parameters for computable general equilibrium (CGE) models critically affects the results of applied economic modeling exercises. Valid and reliable parameter selection models are needed, and typically comprise direct estimation, expert opinion, or copycatting of results from seminal studies. The purpose of this study is to use meta-analysis to summarize and more accurately estimate elasticities of input substitution, specifically between labor and other inputs in agricultural production. We construct a comprehensive database of elasticity estimates through an extensive literature review, and perform a meta-regression analysis to identify structural sources of variation in elasticity estimates sampled from primary studies. The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; Cross-price elasticity; Input substitu¬tion; Agricultural production; CGE parameters; Demand and Price Analysis; C13; C68; Q13.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9683

Impacto de un incremento de la capacidad de generación de energía a partir de biomasa en plantas de co-generación en Andalucía
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenete,   Manuel Alejandro; Gonzalez,   Jose Manuel; Romero,   Pablo; Populo,   Madel; Roman,   Rocio.
The paper estimates the regional economic impact of renewable energy development (inv) based on the use of biomass. The regional level is Andalusia. The analysis is carried out under the assumption that achieves the goal of renewable energy development set in Andalusian Sustainable Energy Plan (PASENER) 2007-2013. To estimate the economic impact, a General Equilibrium Model (CGE) is used based on the Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) updated for Andalusia in 2008. The results show that if the goal of PASENER is met, there might be an increase production of 4.02%.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C68; Q43.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99102

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on the Western Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005.  This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58091

COPPER CRISIS AND AGRICULTURAL RENAISSANCE IN ZAMBIA: AN ECONOMY-WIDE ANALYSIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lofgren,   Hans; Robinson,   Sherman; Thurlow,   James.
Zambia's strong dependence on copper exports has suppressed other tradables sectors, indicative of a Dutch disease phenomenon.  The current copper crisis will have strong economic effects, possibly reversing such Dutch disease effects.  We use a computable general equilibrium model built around a 1995 social accounting matrix to simulate the short- and long-run effects of two scenarios that reflect the current crisis, a 20 percent reduction in world copper prices and a complete collapse of copper mining.  Compared to the short run, the long run is characterized by more flexibility in production technology and capital allocation. Both scenarios require a significant reduction in the "non-copper" trade deficit, absorption, and household consumption.  The...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Zambia; Copper; Structural adjustment; Agriculture; General equilibrium; International Development; C68; O55; Q17; Q32.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25805

Reforming the EU Sugar Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Frandsen,   Soren E.; Jensen,   Hans Grinsted.
This article presents and analyses the impacts of the EU sugar policy. Particular attention is given to the modelling of the quite complex policy and the calibration of the global general equilibrium model at the member state level. Two scenarios are analysed, namely a reduction in the intervention price of sugar and the sugar quota. It is found that the economic impacts of the two scenarios are quite different in terms of the effects on European production and trade in sugar as well in terms of efficiency. The impacts for developing countries also differ considerably across the two scenarios.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU sugar policy; General equilibrium modelling; Reform scenarios; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; D58; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24837

A Global Model for Agriculture and Bioenergy: Application to Biofuel and Food Security in Peru and Tanzania
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Elbehri,   Aziz; McDougall,   Robert; Horridge,   Mark.
This paper describes a global model for agriculture and bioenergy (GLOMAB) that incorporates biomass, biofuels and bioelectricity sectors into the GTAP-Energy model by expanding the global GTAP database, production and consumption structures. Biofuels are separated between first- generation (sugar ethanol, starch ethanol) and second- generation (cellulosic ethanol) biofuels and associated biomass feedstocks (maize, sugar cane, crop residues, woody biomass). Beside biofuels, the model also incorporates bioelectricity (as separate form conventional electricity) which competes for the same biomass feedstocks with cellulosic ethanol sector (agricultural residues, woody biomass). With this broad-based representation of the bioenergy system likely to prevail...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Renewable Energy; Biomass; Agricultural Markets; Computable General Equilibrium (CGE); Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; Q18; Q42; R14.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51914

Incentives and Stability of International Climate Coalitions: An Integrated Assessment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bosetti,   Valentina; Carraro,   Carlo; De Cian,   Enrica; Massetti,   Emanuele; Tavoni,   Massimo.
This paper analyses the incentives to participate in and the stability of international climate coalitions. Using the integrated assessment model WITCH, the analysis of coalitions’ profitability and stability is performed under alternative assumptions concerning the pure rate of time preference, the social welfare aggregator and the extent of climate damages. We focus on the profitability, stability, and “potential stability” of a number of coalitions which are “potentially effective” in reducing emissions. We find that only the grand coalition under a specific sets of assumptions finds it optimal to stabilise GHG concentration below 550 ppm CO2-eq. However, the grand coalition is found not to be stable, not even “potentially stable” even through an...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate Policy; Climate Coalition; Game Theory; Free Riding; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; C72; D58; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120048

Dispute Settlement at the WTO: Impacts of a No Deal in the US-Brazil Cotton Dispute
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lakatos,   Csilla; Walmsley,   Terrie L.
On the day before Brazil was to start imposing retaliatory sanctions against the US in the WTO dispute settlement case regarding unfair domestic and export upland cotton subsidies, the parties have reached a preliminary concession aimed at settling this 8-year-long trade dispute.   In this paper,  we explore the economy wide impacts of a no deal with speciﬁc emphasis on intellectual property retaliation in a computable general equilibrium framework. As awarded by a WTO dispute settlement panel, Brazil would have been entitled to $591 million in retaliatory sanctions in goods sectors and $238 million in intellectual property sanctions. We ﬁnd that retaliation by Brazil would have led to welfare gains for all countries except the US. Most importantly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dispute settlement; WTO; Intellectual property; Computable general equilibrium; International Relations/Trade; C68; F13; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103380

Measuring the Impact of Tourism Upon Urban Economies: A Review of Literature
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gasparino,   Ugo; Bellini,   Elena; del Corpo,   Barbara; Malizia,   William.
Replaced with revised version of paper 01/16/09.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Tourism; Economic Impacts; Input-Output Analysis; General and Partial Equilibrium Analysis; B41; C67; C68; L83.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37846

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on the KwaZulu-Natal
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005. This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the other...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58096

Does Agricultural Trade Liberalization under FTA Reduce Pollution from Agriculture? : The Case of the Japan-Korea FTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yamamoto,   Yasutaka; Sawauchi,   Daisuke; Masuda,   Kiyotaka.
The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the debate over agricultural trade and environment by asking: Does agricultural trade liberalization under free trade agreement (FTA) reduce pollution from agriculture?  In order to contribute to answering the above research question, we measure the potential impact of environmental pollution from agriculture caused by agricultural trade liberalization under the Japan-Korea FTA (JKFTA), using the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) model and the OECD Nitrogen Balance Database.  The scenario we model assumes the complete removal of all import tariffs between Japan and Korea, not only in the agricultural sector but in non-agricultural sectors, as well.  The results show the JKFTA is likely to lead to an overall...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Trade and environment; Free trade agreement; Computable general equilibrium modeling; Agriculture; Japan; Korea; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; C68; F14; F15; F18; Q17; Q56.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9969

THE IMPACT OF ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES ON GROWTH AND DISTRIBUTION: SIMULATIONS WITH A DYNAMIC MODEL FOR EGYPT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: El-Said,   Moataz; Lofgren,   Hans; Robinson,   Sherman.
Addressing longer-term issues of economic development in Egypt, the paper employs a dynamically recursive computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to assess the outcomes associated with two types of development approaches over the period 1998-2012. One is a targeted sector development approach, and the second is a more broad-based development approach. Under the first development approach technological advancement is separately targeted to three sectors: agriculture, food processing, and textiles. Each sectoral choice is intended to represent alternative development strategies which we label (i) agricultural-demand- led industrialization (ADLI); (ii) food-processing-based (FOOD); and (iii) textile-based industrialization (TEXTILE). Under the second...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Atkinson inequality index; CGE; Egypt; Growth; Income distribution; SAM; Theil index; International Development; C68; D31; D33; D58; O47; O53.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16311

GM food technology abroad and its implications for Australia and New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anderson,   Kym; Jackson,   Lee Ann.
The potential economic benefits from agricultural biotechnology adoption by ANZ need to be weighed against any likely loss of market access abroad for crops that may contain genetically modified (GM) organisms. This paper uses the global GTAP model to estimate effects of other countries' GM policies without and with ANZ farmers adopting GM varieties of various grains and oilseeds. The benefits to ANZ from adopting GM crops under a variety of scenarios are positive even in the presence of the ban on imports from GM-adopting countries by the EU (but not if East Asia also applied such a ban).
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; GMOs; Regulation; Trade policy; Computable general equilibrium; Crop Production/Industries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; C68; D58; F13; O3; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58365

Meta-Analysis of General and Partial Equilibrium Simulations of Doha Round Outcomes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hess,   Sebastian; von Cramon-Taubadel,   Stephan.
Quantification of welfare changes due to trade liberalisation play a crucial role for political decision making. However, meaningful comparisons of simulation results from different sources are difficult. Often significant differences in simulated gains from liberalisation do not serve to increase confidence in quantitative assessments based on trade models. We employ a metaanalysis of applied trade simulations under the WTO Doha Round to identify model characteristics that influence the magnitude of simulation results, and to estimate the magnitude of this influence. Findings from our simple econometric model are plausible and show that each simulation experiment represents a complex interaction of experimental settings that may not easily be understood...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meta-analysis; CGE; Partial Equilibrium; Trade Liberalization; C00; C23; C68; F10; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25512

An Economy-wide Analysis of Impacts on Taiwan of Reducing Tariff Escalation on Agriculture-Related Products in WTO Doha Round Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Huey-Lin; Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Weng,   Yung-Ho; Hsu,   Sheng-Ming; Hsu,   Shih-Hsun.
Tariff escalation becomes one of the major issues in the new Doha Round negotiation because it is viewed as a stumbling block to the industrialization development for the developing countries.  When tariffs on products escalate with the stage of processing, the effective rate of protection, or the tariff expressed as fractions of value-added after deducting intermediate inputs from product value, also increases. Thus, tariff escalation potentially signals high rates of protection for value-added or processed products, and can inhibit international trade in these goods.  The major purpose of this study is to examine the degrees of tariff escalations in Taiwan's agriculture -related commodities and the economic consequences to reduce them.  A simplified...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Tariff wedge; Computable general equilibrium model; International Relations/Trade; F13; C68; Q17.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6170

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on the Free State
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005.  This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58070

Economic Impacts of Brazilian Indirect Tax Reduction: An analysis of the competitiveness within MERCOEURO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pereira,   Matheus Wemerson Gomes; Teixeira,   Erly Cardoso.
The objective of this paper is to determine the effects of the creation of MERCOEURO stemming from an indirect tax reduction in the Brazilian economy. Four different scenarios were analyzed taking into account the elimination of tariffs on imports among the member countries in the MERCOEURO agreement  and a 10% reduction in the indirect taxes on the final consumption, on intermediary inputs, and on sectors production.   Simulations are run using GTAPinGAMS with the GTAP database version 6.0. The creation of the MERCOEURO generated significant results mainly in the agribusiness sector.  A reduction in the indirect taxes on final consumption and over the intermediate inputs improve the competition and generate gains in growth, welfare, and government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Regional integration; Indirect taxes; General equilibrium; GTAPinGAMS; Sectoral competition; International Relations/Trade; F13; F15; C68; H20.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53440

An Econometric Model of CGE Simulations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hess,   Sebastian.
CGE models are widely used tools for economic assessments of trade policy changes. However, overall confidence in their results tends to be low. We employ the methodological framework of meta-analysis in order to approach a quantitative comparison of CGE-based simulation results. Therefore, we compile a dataset of twelve recent Doha simulations and fit a linear regression model that explains the variance between simulation results on the regional level as a function of various modeling characteristics. The estimates are broadly in range with documented qualitative knowledge about modeling assumptions. The size of the sample limits general conclusions; however, an ongoing research project will extend the approach to a larger sample.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: CGE; Systematic review; Doha round; Evaluation; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C20; C68; D58; F10; C99.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24713

Climate Change and Agriculture In South Asia: Looking for An Optimal Trade Policy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Laborde,   David.
This paper aims to study how alternative trade policies will help mitigate the effects of climate change in agriculture in South Asia. We use a modified version of MIRAGE CGE for long term projections and allowing modeling of climate change effects (impact on yield) at a subregional level (163 geographical units at the world level) to simulate the effects of 13 SRES scenarios in 8 different trade policy landscapes. Based on these results, we discuss the ranking of trade policy options based on expected values but also in terms of variance using the theory of decision in uncertainty. Choices between unilateral and regional strategies for the countries of the sub regions are compared. Our results confirm that South Asia will be one of the most adversely...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Trade Policy; Computable General Equilibrium; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Q54; C68; N5; N75; O24; F13; Q11; Q17.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104526

Measuring the impacts of the CAP in Spain: A CGE model approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Philippidis,   George.
The Mid Term Review introduced a decoupling of agricultural support from production decisions, although with opt-out clauses for specific payments in particular sectors. The ‘Health Check’ seeks to deepen the degree of decoupling, whilst importantly for Spain, offers the option of extending this model of support to the fruit and vegetables sectors. Employing a computable general equilibrium model, this paper sets out to quantitatively assess the agro-food and macroeconomic impacts of the Mid Term Review and Health Check proposals in Spain. With greater decoupling, agricultural output falls slightly, whilst resources are reallocated in favour of arable activities.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: CAP; CGE modelling; ORANI; Mid term review; Health check.; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; Q18.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94626

Who are the Real Gainers of Trade Liberalization in Kenya's Maize Sector?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Nzuma,   Jonathan M.; Sarker,   Rakhal.
In Kenya, trade policy reforms in the cereals sector were initiated as a key component of the economy-wide structural adjustment programmes (SAPs) during the mid 1980s. The SAPs were later strengthened and made irreversible by Kenya’s commitments at the multilateral trade negotiations. However, the welfare effects of these trade policy reforms remain controversial. This paper to quantifies the market and welfare impacts of trade liberalization in Kenya’s maize sector using a partial equilibrium model with market interrelationships at the farm, wholesale and retail levels. The model is calibrated to simulate a 24 percent reduction in maize import tariffs and a complete abolition of tariffs. The simulations results suggest that tariff reductions yield price...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Trade liberalization; Maize; Partial equilibrium analysis; Welfare effects; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade; F14; F16; I32; C68; O24; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95972

Public spending composition and public sector efficiency: Implications for growth and poverty reduction in Uganda
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sennoga,   Edward B.; Matovu,   John Mary.
The paper examines the interrelationships between public spending composition and Uganda's development goals including economic growth and poverty reduction. We utilize a dynamic CGE model to study these interrelationships. This paper demonstrates that public spending composition does indeed influence economic growth and poverty reduction. In particular, this study shows that improved public sector efficiency coupled with re-allocation of public expenditure away from the unproductive sectors such as public administration and security to the productive sectors including agriculture, energy, water and health leads to higher GDP growth rates and accelerates poverty reduction. Moreover, the rate of poverty is faster in rural households relative to the urban...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Sennoga; Matovu; EPRC; Public expenditure; Economic growth - Uganda; Poverty reduction; Computable General Equilibrium; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C68; D58; E62; F15; H62; 132.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93808

Prices vs. Quantities Revisited: The Case of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
Uncertainty about compliance costs causes otherwise equivalent price and quantity controls to behave differently. Price controls - in the form of taxes - fix the marginal cost of compliance and lead to uncertain levels of compliance. Meanwhile quantity controls - in the form of tradable permits or quotas - fix the level of compliance but result in uncertain marginal costs. This fundamental difference in the face of cost uncertainty leads to different welfare outcomes for the two policy instruments. Seminal work by Weitzman (1974) clarified this point and derived theoretical conditions under which one policy is preferred to the other. This paper applies this principal to the issue of worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) control, using a global integrated climate...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Policy under uncertainty; Price and quantity controls; General equilibrium modeling; Demand and Price Analysis; Q28; D81; C68.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10498

Impact of climate change on wheat market and food security in Sudan: stochastic approach and CGE model and CGE Model
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sassi,   Maria; Cardaci,   Alberto.
The paper aims at analysing the impact of the likely change in rainfall on food availability and access to food in Sudan. The empirical investigation is based on an integrated approach consisting of a stochastic method and CGE model. The former provides the likely changes in sorghum, millet and wheat productivity and their probability of occurrence according to rainfall predictions based on historical data. These results are at the basis of the shocks simulated in a standard CGE model augmented with a stochastic component. Achievements underline the negative impact on the two dimensions of food security taken into consideration, mainly due to a reduction in cereal supply, a marked cereal inflation pressure and income contraction; the grater negative effect...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Food security; Stochastic approach; Cge; Sudan; Environmental Economics and Policy; C68; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124110

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on Mpumalanga
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005.  This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58207

PARAMETER ESTIMATION FOR A COMPUTABLE GENERAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL:  A MAXIMUM ENTROPY APPROACH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Arndt,   Channing; Robinson,   Sherman; Tarp,   Finn.
We introduce a maximum entropy approach to parameter estimation for computable general equilibrium (CGE) models. The approach applies information theory to estimating a system of nonlinear simultaneous equations. It has a number of advantages. First, it imposes all general equilibrium constraints. Second, it permits incorporation of prior information on parameter values. Third, it can be applied in the absence of copious data. Finally, it supplies measures of the capacity of the model to reproduce the historical record and the statistical significance of parameter estimates. The method is applied to estimating a CGE model of Mozambique.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maximum entropy; Computable general equilibrium; CGE; Prior information; Mozambique.; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C51; C68.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42456

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on the Northern Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005.  This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58093

The impact of an increase in wine industry exports on the South African economy, focusing on the Western Cape
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McDonald,   Scott; Punt,   Cecilia; Bhanisi,   Sipho.
A marketing strategy undertaken by role players in the wine industry is expected to lead to increases in South African wine exports. A multi-sector analysis, which takes into account the linkage effects in an economy, was conducted to estimate the impact of an increase in wine exports on the South African economy. The increase in wine exports will be the result of changed perceptions and hence increases in the export price faced by South African wine producers. Results of a 10% increase in the international wine price indicated an increase of 0.1% in gross domestic product (GDP). The general positive effect on the economy is reflected by the creation of 5 824 employment opportunities, of which 20% is in the Western Cape. Factor incomes shows varied...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Agriculture in International Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68; Q17.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58210

Climate Change Catastrophes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pizer,   William A.
Most studies that compare price and quantity controls for greenhouse gas emissions under uncertainty find that price mechanisms perform substantially better. In these studies, the benefits from reducing emissions are proportional to the level of reductions, and such linear benefits strongly favor price policies (Weitzman 1974). Catastrophic damages, however, challenge that intuition as consequences become highly nonlinear. Catastrophe avoidance offers huge benefits, and incremental adjustments on either side of the associated threshold are relatively unimportant, suggesting a strong preference for quantity controls. This paper shows that with catastrophic damages, both price and quantity mechanisms offer large gains over the business-as-usual alternative,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Global warming; Prices versus quantities; Stock externalities; Integrated assessment; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D81; C68.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10499

An Economy-wide Analysis of Impacts on Taiwan of Reducing Tariff Escalation on Agriculture-Related Products in WTO Doha Round Negotiations
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Huey-Lin; Chang,   Ching-Cheng; Weng,   Yung-Ho; Hsu,   Sheng-Ming; Hsu,   Shih-Hsun.
Tariff escalation becomes one of the major issues in the new Doha Round negotiation because it is viewed as a stumbling block to the industrialization development for the developing countries.  When tariffs on products escalate with the stage of processing, the effective rate of protection, or the tariff expressed as fractions of value-added after deducting intermediate inputs from product value, also increases. Thus, tariff escalation potentially signals high rates of protection for value-added or processed products, and can inhibit international trade in these goods.  The major purpose of this study is to examine the degrees of tariff escalations in Taiwan’s agriculture-related commodities and the economic consequences to reduce them.  A simplified...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Tariff escalation; Tariff wedge; Computable general equilibrium model; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; F13; C68; Q17.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51655

Projecting Supply and Demand for Land in the Long Run
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Golub,   Alla A.; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Sohngen,   Brent.
The goal of this work is to investigate land-use change at the global scale over the long run – particularly in the context of analyzing the fundamental drivers behind land-use related GHG emissions. For this purpose, we identify the most important drivers of supply and demand for land. On the demand side, we begin with a dynamic general equilibrium (GE) model that predicts economic growth in each region of the world, based on exogenous projections of population, skilled and unskilled labor and technical change. Economy-wide growth is, in turn, translated into consumer demand for specific products using an econometrically estimated, international cross-section, demand system that permits us to predict the pattern of future consumer demands across the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use; Climate change policy; Baseline; General equilibrium; Agro-ecological zones; C68; R14; Q24; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9910

ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF GENETICALLY MODIFIED CROPS IN CHINA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Huang,   Jikun; Hu,   Ruifa; van Meijl,   Hans; van Tongeren,   Frank W.
China has made a major investment in biotechnology research.  Genetically modified (GM) cotton is widely adopted and the list of GM technologies in trials is impressive.  At the same time there is an active debate on when China should commercialize its GM food crops.  The overall goal of this paper is to provide an economy-wide assessment of these issues under various scenarios.  Based on a unique data from empirical micro-level study and field trial in China and a modified GTAP model, our results indicate that the development of biotechnology has an important impact on China's production, trade and welfare.  Welfare gains far outweigh the public biotechnology research expenditures.  Most gains occur inside China.  Policy makers should put less weight on...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Economic impacts; Biotechnology; Genetically modified crops; China; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C68; D58; F13; O33; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25883

The Impact of Increasing Excise Duties on the Economy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri.
Excise duties have increased considerably over the past few years, raising concerns on the effect this may have on the economy. However, these increases are welcomed by those concerned about the costs of externalities associated with excessive alcohol consumption, including productivity loss, foetal alcohol syndrome, liver cirrhosis, traffic accidents, etc. This study contains results on the impact of a 10% increase in excise duties on the South African economy, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The impact on gross domestic product, trade and prices, as well as changes in the factor market and the welfare of households of the Northern and Western Cape (the two major wine producing provinces in the country) are analysed. The results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58069

Technology Prizes for Climate Change Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Newell,   Richard G.; Wilson,   Nathan E.
We analyze whether technology inducement prizes could be a useful complement to standard research grants and contracts in developing climate change mitigation technologies. We find that there are important conceptual advantages to using inducement prizes in certain circumstances. These conceptual inferences are borne out by an examination of the track record of prizes inducing research into public goods, including relevant energy technologies. However, we also find that the prizes' successes are contingent on their proper design. We analyze how several important design elements could influence the effectiveness of a climate technology prize.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Inducement prize; Research and development; Climate change; Technology; Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q28; D81; C68.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10698

The impact of property rates on agricultural land, focusing on Limpopo
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Reynolds,   Sanri; van Schoor,   Melt.
Municipalities across the country are in the process of implementing property rates on all property, following the Local Government: Property Rates Act (2004) that came into effect on 1 July 2005.  This study investigates the economic impact of property rates on agricultural land, using a static computable general equilibrium model. The direct and indirect effects of property rates on the macro-economy, factor incomes, household welfare, prices and agricultural output are discussed. The results indicate that the impact of raising property rates depends on the use made of the additional revenue by government. There is a small negative impact on the economy and the overall welfare of households decline if government spends the additional revenue. On the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Computable General Equilibrium Models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C68.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58071

PROJECTING WORLD FOOD DEMAND USING ALTERNATIVE DEMAND SYSTEMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yu,   Wusheng; Hertel,   Thomas W.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Eales,   James S.
Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) models are increasingly being used to project world food markets in order to support forward-looking policy analysis.  Such projections hinge critically on the underlying functional form for representing consumer demand.  Simple functional forms can lead to unrealistic projections by failing to capture changes in income elasticities of demand.  We adopt as our benchmark the recently introduced AIDADS demand system and compare it with several alternaive demand systems currently in widespread use in CGE models.  This comparison is conducted in the context of projections for disaggregated global food demand using a global CGE model.  We find that AIDADS represents a substantial improvement, particularly for the rapidly...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Food demand; Agricultural trade; Functional form; Demand system; CGE modeling; Demand and Price Analysis; D12; C68; F17; Q18.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25905