Consulta: subjectFacets:"Canada"
Registros recuperados: 80
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 12:23:02

In Situ Behavioral Response of Common Loons Associated with Elevated Mercury (Hg) Exposure
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nocera, Joseph J; Acadia University; 023758n@acadiau.ca; Taylor, Philip D; Acadia University; ptaylor@resalliance.org.
Common Loons (Gavia immer) in Nova Scotia, Canada have the highest blood mercury (Hg) concentrations of any loon population in North America. Previous studies have shown that exposure to varying levels of Hg in prey is associated with changes in pre-nesting adult behavior. We report here the first association of sublethal blood Hg contamination with changes in behavior of Common Loon young. As Hg levels in their blood rise, the amount of time that chicks spend brooding (by back-riding) decreases (P = 0.004) and time spent preening increases (P  = 0.003). The sum increase in energy expenditure is not being compensated for with expected increases in feeding rates or begging. We suggest that such altered time-activity budgets may disrupt the energetic balance...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Behavioral toxicology; Common loon behavior; Gavia immer; Kejimkujik National Park; Nova Scotia; Canada; Mercury; Neurotoxicity; Southwestern New Brunswick; Sub-lethal exposure; Time-activity budgets.
Ano: 1998

Combining Science and Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Monitoring Populations for Co-Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Moller, Henrik; University of Otago; henrik.moller@stonebow.otago.ac.nz; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca; Lyver, Philip O'Brian; University of Otago; LyverP@landcareresearch.co.nz; Kislalioglu, Mina; University of Manitoba; mberkes@mts.net.
Using a combination of traditional ecological knowledge and science to monitor populations can greatly assist co-management for sustainable customary wildlife harvests by indigenous peoples. Case studies from Canada and New Zealand emphasize that, although traditional monitoring methods may often be imprecise and qualitative, they are nevertheless valuable because they are based on observations over long time periods, incorporate large sample sizes, are inexpensive, invite the participation of harvesters as researchers, and sometimes incorporate subtle multivariate cross checks for environmental change. A few simple rules suggested by traditional knowledge may produce good management outcomes consistent with fuzzy logic thinking. Science can sometimes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Catch per unit effort; Community-based conservation; Customary harvesting; Indigenous people; Population monitoring; Sustainability; New Zealand; Canada.
Ano: 2004

Anishinaabe Adaptation to Environmental Change in Northwestern Ontario: a Case Study in Knowledge Coproduction for Nontimber Forest Products
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Davidson-Hunt, Iain J; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; Iain.Davidson-Hunt@umanitoba.ca; Pengelly, Ryan D.; HTFC Planning &amp; Design; rpengelly@htfc.mb.ca; Sylvester, Olivia; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba; livsylvester@gmail.com.
Interaction, negotiation, and sharing knowledge are at the heart of indigenous response to global environmental change. We consider Anishinaabe efforts to devise new institutional arrangements in response to the process of colonialism and changing global markets. Our findings are based on collaborative research undertaken with Anishinaabe colleagues from Pikangikum First Nation, northwestern Ontario. We worked with elders to understand their knowledge, preferences, and opinions regarding appropriate institutional arrangements for the co-production of knowledge required to develop nontimber forest products. We began our research by asking about the values, institutions, and conditions that guide plant harvesting, and then the conditions necessary to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Anishinaabe; Boreal forest; Canada; Coproduction of knowledge; Global environmental change.
Ano: 2013

Predator-Resembling Aversive Conditioning for Managing Habituated Wildlife
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: St. Clair, Colleen Cassady; University of Alberta; cstclair@ualberta.ca; Hurd, Thomas Eric; Banff National Park; tom.hurd@pc.gc.ca.
Wildlife habituation near urban centers can disrupt natural ecological processes, destroy habitat, and threaten public safety. Consequently, management of habituated animals is typically invasive and often includes translocation of these animals to remote areas and sometimes even their destruction. Techniques to prevent or reverse habituation and other forms of in situ management are necessary to balance ecological and social requirements, but they have received very little experimental attention to date. This study compared the efficacy of two aversive conditioning treatments that used either humans or dogs to create sequences resembling chases by predators, which, along with a control category, were repeatedly and individually applied to 24 moderately...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Banff National Park; Canada; Cervus elaphus; Behavior; Aversive conditioning; Dogs; Predation; Chase sequence; Habituation; Urban wildlife.
Ano: 2005

Aboriginal Peoples and Forest Certification: a Review of the Canadian Situation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Tikina, Anna V.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; tikina@interchange.ubc.ca; Innes, John L.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; john.innes@ubc.ca; Trosper, Ronald L.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; ronald.trosper@ubc.ca; Larson, Bruce C.; Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia; bruce.larson@ubc.ca.
We assess how different certification standards address Aboriginal issues in Canada, augmenting current legislation related to Aboriginal issues. The benefits from forest certification and the obstacles to its adoption by the Aboriginal community are also reviewed. We conclude that it would take significant effort, time, and resources to achieve widespread Aboriginal adoption of forest certification.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: First Nations; Aboriginal forestry; Aboriginal peoples; Canada; Forest certification.
Ano: 2010

Impacts on Canadian Competitiveness of International Climate Change Mitigation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Holling, Christopher; DRI-WEFA; chris.holling@dri-wefa.com; Somerville, Robin; Standard &amp; Poors DRI; rsomervi@dri.mcgraw-hill.com.
This article summarizes and provides additional perspective on a study that contributes to the growing body of analyses of the costs of limiting greenhouse gas emissions.  The study estimates the economic costs to Canada of six planning scenarios.  Four of these scenarios involve the use of tradable emission permits and two involved a carbon tax.  In each case, the mechanism's target is to stabilize greenhouse gas emissions at some percentage of 1990 levels (100% or 90%) by either 2010 or 2015.  Policies that impose greater constraints on carbon dioxide emissions lead to higher economic costs in terms of foregone output.  These costs, however, vary for the same objective, depending on the mechanism chosen and the economic assumptions made.  In one typical...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Climate Change; Greenhouse Gas Emission Limits; Canada; Economic Impact; Costs.
Ano: 1998

The Six Faces of Traditional Ecological Knowledge: Challenges and Opportunities for Canadian Co-Management Arrangements
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Houde, Nicolas; McGill University; nicolas.houde@mail.mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Canada; Co-management; Co-management arrangement; First Nation; Natural resource management; Traditional ecological knowledge.
Ano: 2007

Moving Toward Spatial Solutions in Marine Conservation with Indigenous Communities
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ban, Natalie C; Project Seahorse; University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre; n.ban@fisheries.ubc.ca; Vincent, Amanda C.J.; Project Seahorse; University of British Columbia Fisheries Centre; a.vincent@fisheries.ubc.ca.
Community and resource user support has often been declared as essential to achieving globally agreed targets for marine protection. Given that indigenous people in Canada have resource use rights, we engaged two indigenous communities in British Columbia for their views on marine planning and protected areas. We developed a three-phased approach for executing our research: building research partnerships, carrying out individual interviews, and holding community discussion sessions. Participants expressed a common goal of recovering depleted species and ensuring the sustainability of indigenous fishing. We found strong support for spatial protection measures, and significant overlaps amongst participants in the areas suggested for protection. The most...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal fisheries; British Columbia; Canada; Commercial fisheries; Community-based conservation; Indigenous communities; Marine conservation; Marine protected areas.
Ano: 2008

Rediscovering Rites of Passage: Education, Transformation, and the Transition to Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lertzman, David Adam; University of Calgary; lertzman@ucalgary.ca.
This paper focuses on rites of passage as a model for wilderness programs. It draws on my experience in the field, particularly with Native youth in a community-based program called "Rediscovery." The Rediscovery program is discussed, along with concepts of traditional indigenous knowledge and education. Foundational concepts of rites of passage are described in terms of their relevance to youth, outdoor education, and the Rediscovery program in particular. Using Rediscovery as a model, rites of passage are put forward as an educational process for youth from various cultural backgrounds. In this context, the purpose of education is to cultivate self-knowledge and to foster core personal development: the making of whole human beings. The paper closes with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Canada; First Nations; Rediscovery; Indigenous peoples; Outdoor education; Rites of passage; Sustainability; Traditional knowledge; Youth.
Ano: 2002

L'evolution des conditions physiologiques de Crassostrea rhizophorae en fonction des niveaux de bioaccumulation et du gradient de pollution
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Pellerin, M.
Informations gathered in the mangrove of the Fort-De-France bay of Martinique (F.W.I.) showed a decreased physiological condition of Crassostrea rhizophorae in the south part of the bay explained by the presence of zinc and by physico-chemical parameters modified in the wet season, such as decreased salinity and decreased levels of nutrients. Bioaccumulation of zinc, lead and cadmium was highly correlated to sediment contamination. Contamination by pesticides and organochlorides was found mainly in oysters from the North part of the bay, characterized by industrial activities and agricultural inputs.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: ANW; Canada; Quebec Crassostrea rhizophorae Bivalvia Toxicology Oyster culture Marine pollution Condition factor Mangrove swamps.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-1601.pdf

Rapport de mission AQUANET Forum, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, 16- 18 juin 2003 &amp; visite à la station biologique de St Andrews, New Brunswick, Canada, 19 juin 2003
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Mazurie, Joseph.
Among the Excellence Centers developed to federate the Canadian research, Aquanet deals with marine and freshwater aquaculture. An interdisciplinary science forum was held at Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada, in order to analyse the state of the fish and shellfish aquaculture sector and propose orientations for the future researches. Around 30 Canadian scientists and professionnals (a Norvegian and a French scientist invited) attended the meeting. A visit at the biological station and Huntsman marine center at Saint-Andrews, New Brunswick, concluded the mission
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Canada; Nouveau Brunswick; Pisciculture; Conchyliculture; Aquaculture; Programmation Recherche; Aquanet; Canada; New Brunswick; Fish; Shellfish; Aquaculture; Research; Aquanet.
Ano: 2003
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00681/79316/81824.pdf

La necessite d'un systeme statistique integre pour l'evaluation des resultats economiques de la peche maritime.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Abgrall, J; Congar, R.
This study highlights the economic interrelations among all boats, focusing on two particular cases, on the one hand the French Channel trawler fleet (1978 to 1980), the Quebec trawler fleet (1974 to 1982) on the other. The present results show the extent of changes in vessel profit or loss productivity and the sacrifice owners and crew have to make in order to survive. Results also show the disparities of situations between the different sorts of vessels within a common bioeconomic environment.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Quebec; Canada; ANW; Marketing; Fishery statistics; Economic analysis; Fishery economics.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/publication-1801.pdf

Annual and seasonal dynamics of deep-sea megafaunal epibenthic communities in Barkley Canyon (British Columbia, Canada): a response to climatology, surface productivity and benthic boundary layer variation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Chauvet, Pauline; Metaxas, Anna; Hay, Alex E.; Matabos, Marjolaine.
Understanding the impact of the environment on temporal trends in the composition and abundance of deep-sea species is essential for forecasting evolution of the community in the context of climate change. The recent development of deep-sea observatories enables multidisciplinary studies of long duration and high temporal resolution. We used a platform at the Ocean Networks Canada NEPTUNE Observatory located in the axis of Barkley Canyon between June 2012 and January 2015 to: (1) characterize the megabenthic community and the environmental conditions in the canyon; (2) investigate temporal patterns in the faunal community; and (3) determine the influence of environmental conditions on the observed patterns. The megafaunal epibenthic community, which...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Deep-sea observatory; Inter-annual variation; Seasonal variation; Deep-sea canyon; Zoobenthos; Oxygen minimum zone; Canada; British Columbia; Barkley Canyon.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00436/54715/56152.pdf

[Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Mesozoic and Cenozoic Decapod Crustaceans, Krakow, Poland, 2013: A tribute to Pál Mihály Müller / R.H.B. Fraaije, M. Hyžný, J.W.M. Jagt, M. Krobicki &amp; B.W.M. van Bakel (eds.)]: A new species of icriocarcinid crab (Crustacea, Portunoidea) from the uppermost Cretaceous of California, USA: palaeobiogeographic implications
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Nyborg, T.; Ossó, A.; Vega, F.J.
A new species of icriocarcinid crab, Branchiocarcinus pacificus, is described from the uppermost Cretaceous Moreno Formation of California; in addition, an indeterminate species of the same genus is recorded from the Campanian of Hornby Island, Vancouver Island, Canada. The wide distribution of the Icriocarcinidae during the Late Cretaceous is confirmed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Branchiocarcinus; New species; Maastrichtian; California; Canada; 42.74; 38.22.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/523865

Annotated checklist of the moths and butterflies (Lepidoptera) of Canada and Alaska
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Pohl, G.R.; Landry, J.-F.; Schmidt, B.C.; Lafontaine, J.D.; Troubridge, J.T.; Macaulay, A.D.; Nieukerken, E.J. van; DeWaard, J.R.; Dombroskie, J.J.; Klymko, J.; Nazari, V.; Stead , K.
Tipo: Book (monograph)
Palavras-chave: Moths; Lepidoptera; Canada; Alaska.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/648850

Desmacella austini sp. nov. from sponge reefs off the Pacific coast of Canada
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Lehnert, H.; Conway, K.W.; Barrie, J. Vaughn; Krautter, M.
A new species of a very thinly encrusting Desmacella (Porifera, Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Desmacellidae) is described from Queen Charlotte Basin and Georgia Basin, off the Canadian Pacific coast. It is compared with all known species of the genus, differing in the geometry and size of spicules, and the persistent epizoic growth.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Porifera; Desmacellidae; Taxonomy; New species; Sponge reefs; Pacific; Canada; 42.72.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/209651

Maritime boundaries: Canada vs. United States
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Cuyvers, L.
When President Harry S. Truman issued a proclamation in 1945 that claimed an exclusive right of the United States to exploit the resources of the seabed and subsoil of its continental shelf, he heralded a new era of national interest in the oceans. The American measure set a policy that was quickly followed by many other states of the world, and as a result, the exclusive jurisdiction of coastal states over the resources in their offshore continental shelves has become one of the generally settled issues of international law of the sea. Less clear, however, are the rules that govern the delineation of the boundaries on the shelf between adjacent and opposite states. Different interpretations of rather ambiguous rules has led to friction between several...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: International boundaries ANW; Canada ANW; USA INE; Canada; British Columbia INE; USA.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3606

The World of Organic Agriculture. Statistics and Emerging Trends 2015
Provedor de dados: 21
This book documents recent developments in organic agriculture worldwide and presents the latest data on organic areas, producers and domestic markets.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Africa; Asia; Australia; Canada; European Union; North America; United States; World.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://orgprints.org/28168/1/willer-lernoud-2015-master-document-PDF.pdf

Value-adding Standards in the North American Food Market - Trade Opportunities in Certified Products for Developing Countries.
Provedor de dados: 21
Autores: Liu, Pascal; Byers, Alice; Giovannucci, Daniele.
Consumers are increasingly attentive to the social and environmental aspects of food production as evidenced by the significant expansion of certified food sales even in mainstream channels. This publication analyzes the use of certification schemes and standards such as organics, fair trade, and others as value-added products in the food markets of the U.S. and Canada. It assesses the volumes, trends, and market opportunities for these products and focuses on environmental and social certification schemes. Tropical fruits, coffee, and cocoa are the main product categories examined.
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: United States; Policy environments and social economy; Regulation; Markets and trade; North America; Consumer issues; Canada.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://orgprints.org/13307/1/Value%2DAdding_Standards_in_North_American_Food_Market_FAO_Liu_Byers_Giovannucci.pdf

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23425

Greenhouse Tomatoes Change the Dynamics of the North American Fresh Tomato Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cook,   Roberta L.; Calvin,   Linda.
The rapid growth of the North American greenhouse tomato industry has changed the longstanding dynamics of the fresh tomato industry. During the 1990s, Canada emerged as the largest North American producer of greenhouse tomatoes, a prominence it never attained in the fresh field tomato industry. The United States and Mexico have also become important greenhouse tomato producers, consistent with their long dominance in North American fresh field tomato production. Greenhouse tomatoes have changed the look of U.S. retail tomato sales, where they now account for 37 percent of the quantity sold of fresh tomatoes. While the primary U.S. fresh field tomato product, the mature green tomato, long dominated retail sales, its share has decreased significantly due to...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse tomatoes; Field tomatoes; Mature green tomatoes; United States; Canada; Mexico; Market integration; Product differentiation; Seasonality in production; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7244

IMPORT TENDERS AND BIDDING STRATEGIES IN WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.
Bidding competition plays an important role in price discovery and the determination of suppliers in international grains.  In this paper we analyze international bidding competition for wheat for a specific importer.  Tender data over the period 1993-1999 were analyzed and bid functions estimated by class of wheat (hard red spring, hard amber durum, and hard red winter denoted as HRS, HAD, and HRW, respectively) and by selling firm.  A stochastic simulation model was developed to determine the optimal bid and to analyze factors affecting bidding behavior and competition. The tender data indicated there was a surprisingly wide range of bids. Variation of bids across firms submitted for individual HRS tenders had standard deviations that ranged from $5/mt...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auction; Bidding; Wheat tenders; Optimal bid; U.S.; Canada; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23285

Complexity and Obsolete Data Concepts: Canadian Farm Policy, and the Changing Structure of Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Freshwater,   David.
Agricultural data systems remain based upon now obsolete concepts. In particular, the "full-time, family farm" is still organizing concepts for much of the farm data system, and for agricultural policies. Yet farming has clearly bifurcated into: a relatively small number of large farms that produce the majority of the food and fiber; and a large number of small part-time farms that depend mainly on off-farm income for household well-being. Both types are family farms, but they are not the family farms of the past. It is broadly recognized that large farms pose complex challenges for data collection and policy. But small farms are also complex. While small farms may not account for much production they are important for land use issues and for maintaining...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Data concepts; Farm policy; Agricultural policy; Canada; Data collection; Risk; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119473

U.S.-CANADA WHEAT TRADE AND ITS EFFECTS ON U.S. PRICE AND INCOME
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
The objectives of this study are to analyze the factors causing an increase in wheat imports from Canada and to estimate the effect of increased wheat imports on U.S. prices and farm income.  An econometric model is developed and estimated to determine these factors and effects.  Canadian exports to the United States are estimated as a function of U.S. price, the U.S. - Canada exchange rate, and other variables, while U.S. price is estimated as a function of imports from Canada, U.S. domestic supply and consumption, and exports.  The two equations are estimated simultaneously.  Results from this model are used to estimate the effect of imports from Canada on U.S. farm prices and income.  Results indicate that imports from Canada have a significant negative...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Bilateral trade; Hard red spring wheat; Durum wheat; Farm price; Farm income; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23572

Support Prices as Policy Tools in Dairy Industry: Issues in Theoretical Modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Premakumar,   V.; Chaudhary,   Sudhir.
A framework for modeling the dairy sector is developed, emphasizing the complexities unique to this Multiproduct industry.  Equilibrium conditions among competitive and joint dairy products are specified subject to mass balancing requirements, stable economic relationship and appropriate policy parameters.  The model is applied to Canada incorporating the country-specific dairy policy mix.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Multiproduct modeling; Dairy products; Technological constrains; Relative prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18617

USING LINKED HOUSEHOLD-LEVEL DATASETS TO EXPLAIN CONSUMER RESPONSE TO BSE IN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Xin; Maynard,   Leigh J.; Butler,   J.S.
Household-level Canadian meat purchases from 2002-2008 and the Food Opinion Survey conducted in 2008 were used to explore consumer responses to Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) at the national level in Canada. Three measures of beef purchased were used to understand consumers‟ reaction under food risk. A random effects Logit model was applied to test whether any beef was purchased during a given month. Consumption in terms of unit purchases was measured with a random effects Negative Binomial model and consumption in terms of beef expenditure was measured with a standard random effects model. In this study, household heterogeneity in actual meat purchases was partially explained using data from a self-reported food opinions survey. Of special...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: BSE; Food safety; Food opinion survey; Consumer behavior; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116404

BSE Disease Outbreaks, Structural Change and Market Power in the Canadian Beef Industry
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Cechura,   Lukas; Berhanu,   Adugna.
This study examines farm to wholesale prices spreads to measure the impact of the Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) disease outbreak on the Canadian beef industry. The study uses structure break tests developed by Gregory and Hansen (1996) and Hansen (1992) examine possible breaks within cointegrating relationships. The study finds evidence that the industry began a realignment as a result of the UK BSE disease outbreak, and the Canadian BSE disease outbreak was simply the largest realignment of the process beginning with the UK disease outbreak. However, the only statistically significant break was the BSE disease outbreak itself in May 2003. Stability was not restored until the border was reopened in 2005. Specific results indicated that the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: BSE; Market power; Canada; Beef industry; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114097

Cropland Values in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sussman,   Deborah.
This bulletin provides an overview of trends in cropland values in Canada. Cropland values are a major component of farm wealth which, together with income can be used as a measure of the economic well-being of   farm households. Cropland values are provided for a 3-year period, 2005-2007, for each province and farm type (beef, hog, poultry and egg, dairy, grain and oilseed, potato, greenhouse, and fruit and vegetable farms).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canada; Province; Cropland; Value; Beef; Hog; Poultry and egg; Dairy; Grain and oilseed; Potato; Greenhouse; Fruit and vegetable; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53931

Demand relationships among fresh fruit and juices in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Fresh fruit; Juices; Demand; Canada; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52715

Comparing Predictors of Diet Quality in Canada Over Time Under Consideration of Altering Food Guides
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drescher,   Larissa S.; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Latest data on the diet of Canadians from the Canadian Community Health Survey reveals that the diet quality of Canadians needs improvement. Within this paper predictors of diet quality in Canada are identified based on two cross-sectional data sets from the Canadian Food Expenditure Survey. To measure diet quality, the Canadian Healthy Food Diversity (CanHFD)-Index is developed which is based on Food Guide recommendations. Moreover, this paper considers that the Food Guide between survey years has changed when analyzing diet quality. To track changes in demand for diet quality we use “Canada’s Food Guide 1982” to calculate CanHFD-Index for 1984 and 1996. Changes in demand for diet quality according to “Canada’s Food Guide to Healthy Eating 1992” are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diet quality; Healthy food diversity; Canada; Food Guides; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; D13; I12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52091

PROCEEDINGS OF THE CN TRADE RELATIONS FORUM ON FOREST PRODUCT MARKETS, UNIVERSITY OF ALBERTA, APRIL 16, 2008
Provedor de dados: 31
Proceedings based on a talk given by Ted Helvoigt, mainly PowerPoints
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Forestry; Lumber; Pulp; Paper; Print; Canada; Alberta; British Colombia; Industry performance; Resource development; Product markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60432

Corporate Income Tax Rate Database - Canada and the Provinces, 1960-2005
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cahill,   Sean A.
This database includes rates for several elements of the corporate income tax set by the federal government (the basic rate, the corporate surtax, federal tax abatement and the manufacturing and processing profits tax credit) as well as corporate income tax rates by province for the years 1960-2005.
Tipo: Dataset
Palavras-chave: Database; Corporate tax; Corporate income tax; Provincial; Province; Canada; Time series; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52726

Options for Supply Management in Canada with Trade Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Barichello,   Richard R.; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Meilke,   Karl D.
Following the Uruguay Round of trade negotiations Canada replaced its import quotas on sensitive products with tariff rate quotas. The over-quota tariffs on those products operating under domestic supply management schemes (dairy and poultry products) ranged from a low of 155 percent on turkey to a high of 299 percent on butter. These tariffs have effectively blocked over quota imports and are likely to continue to prevent imports, under most market conditions, given the likely range of tariff cuts proposed for sensitive products following a successful completion of the Doha Round. However, it’s argued that tariff cuts in the post-Doha Round will severely limit Canada’s ability to restrict imports and it is important to use the next 15 years to better...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Trade liberalization; Supply management; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6124

Does International Trump Domestic Trade? The Seed Potato Market in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thibodeau,   David R.; Clark,   J. Stephen; Yang,   Jinbin; Prochazka,   Petr.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Potato; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43458

The impact of management skills on farm incomes in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Painter,   Marvin J.
This study assesses the reported farm income crisis in Canada and uses farm financial data to illustrate the importance and impact that management skills and practices have on farm income and net worth. For grain and oilseed farms, large farms produce higher revenues per hectare and achieve economies of scale on operating expenses, interest and depreciation, making them significantly more profitable than smaller or average sized farms. The higher profits associated with large farms are partly returns to good farm management. While farmland investment returns are competitive with stock and bond markets, grain and oilseed farm labour and management returns are not competitive with provincial average wages and salaries. On average, Canadian grain and oilseed...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Canada; Skills; Farm incomes; Farm size; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122234

An EU-Canada bilateral trade agreement: A DefraTAP application
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kitou,   Elisavet; Philippidis,   George.
The first round of negotiations held in Ottawa on the 19th October, 2009, heralded the opening of bilateral trade talks intent on reaching a Canadian-European Union (EU27) free trade area (FTA) agreement. A second round of negotiations were staged in Brussels in January, whilst further rounds are scheduled for 2010, with the longer term aim of ratifying an agreement within 24-30 months. Although stumbling blocs will be encountered, the divergent political interests of each region are compatible. In Canada, a FTA with its second largest trading partner offers a viable alternative to its current overdependence on the US. Similarly, the EU27 sees an opportunity to regain a competitive foothold in the North American market. This paper re-examines the long run...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: EU27; Canada; Economic integration; Sensitive products; International Relations/Trade; C68; F11; F15; F17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91679

Using Linked Household-level Datasets to Explain Consumer Response to BSE in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wang,   Xin; Maynard,   Leigh J.; Butler,   J.S.
Household-level Canadian meat purchases from 2002-2008, household-level egg purchases from 2002-2005 and Food Opinion Survey in 2008 were used to understand how consumers who have different concerns about nutrition react to BSE events and how beef consumption after BSE discoveries were shaped by consumers concerns of food safety and their trust of government and the industry decision makers. Three measures of beef purchased were used to explore consumers’ reaction. A random effects logit model was applied to test whether any beef purchased during a given month. Consumption in terms of unit purchases was measured with a random effects Negative Binomial model and consumption in terms of beef expenditure was measured with a standard random effects model....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: BSE; Mad cow disease; Food safety; Consumer behavior; Canada; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Marketing.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60859

ADDITIONALITY OF CREDIT GUARANTEES FOR U.S. WHEAT EXPORTS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diersen,   Matthew A.; Wilson,   William W.; Dahl,   Bruce L.; Satyanarayana,   Vidyashankara.
The value of credit guarantee programs has recently been called into question.  Credit guarantees are important marketing tools in the world wheat market, both to develop new markets and to compete in existing markets.  This study examines the additionality of export credit guarantees.  Empirical demand models were developed and estimated using pooled data among importing countries.  Models were estimated for each of the principal exporting countries providing export credit guarantees:  the United States, Canada and France.  Additionality of credit guarantees were also contrasted to the Export Enhancement Program.  Positive additionality was found for CCC guarantees, indicating that the GSM programs have resulted in additional exports that would not have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Additionality; Export Credit Guarantees; Price Subsidy; GSM-102; EEP; Canada; United States; France; Agricultural Finance; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23240

Increasing Canada's International Competitiveness: Is There a Link between Skilled Immigrants and Innovation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Partridge,   Jamie; Furtan,   William Hartley.
We use an augmented national ideas production function to examine skilled immigrants' impact on Canadian innovation at the provincial level. Empirically, this model was tested using Canadian data by province on innovation flow over an 11 year time period, where innovation flow is defined in terms of international (U.S.) patents. It was found that skilled immigrants, who are proficient in either English or French, have a significant and positive impact on innovation flow in their home province. Further, in examining skilled immigrants by source region, it was found that skilled immigrants from developed countries have the greatest impact on their home province's innovation flow. This is true of North American/European skilled immigrants for all skill-level...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Canada; Endogenous technological change; Innovation; National ideas; Production function; Patents; Skilled immigrants; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6504

The Determinants of Farmland Values in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weerahewa,   Jeevika; Meilke,   Karl D.; Vyn,   Richard J.; Haq,   Zahoor Ul.
This study has examined the determinants of farmland values in Canada. The empirical results for the period 1959-2004 show that farmland values seem to be disconnected from adjusted earnings per acre regardless of model specification. Differences in model specification can change the interpretation of the importance of government payments in influencing farm land values. If a time trend is included in the land value function government payments appear to have no effect on land values; when the time trend is removed they have a statistically significant positive effect on land values. With respect to the other explanatory variables, the higher the population density, the higher farmland values, indicating that urbanization increases farmland values....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land values; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43461

Forest Carbon Sinks: European Union, Japanese, and Canadian Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amano,   Masahiro; Sedjo,   Roger A.
This report compares the approaches of the governments of Japan, Canada, and the European Union member countries toward using carbon sinks to meet their respective Kyoto Protocol carbon reduction targets. Various policies have been proposed by which governments can sequester carbon by promoting afforestation and reforestation, slowing deforestation, and undertaking forest management activities under Articles 3.3 and 3.4. At this time, carbon emissions reduction programs are still under development, both within individual countries and within the context of the protocol. Although some of the details have been worked out, concrete definitions are often still lacking, especially as regards impermanence of forests, additionality, leakage, and socioeconomic and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate; Sinks; Kyoto Protocol; Forestry; Canada; Japan; European Union; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; F01; Q23; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10913

Food Safety Incidents, Collateral Damage and Trade Policy Responses: China-Canada Agri-Food Trade
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liu,   Huanan; Hobbs,   Jill E.; Kerr,   William A.
As markets become globalized, food safety policy and international trade policy are increasingly intertwined. Globalization also means that food safety incidents are widely reported internationally. One result is that food safety incidents can negatively impact products where no food safety issue exists as consumers lose trust in both foreign and domestic food safety institutions. While the policy framework for dealing with directly effected imported foods is well understood, how to deal with the market failure associated with indirectly affected products within the existing trade policy rules has not been explored. Using the example of China’s 2007 problems with a spate of products safety incidents, a theoretical framework is developed and the response of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; China; Cooperation; Food safety; Market failure; Trade policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43463

THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE WTO NEGOTIATIONS ON THE CANADIAN CHICKEN MARKET: TWO REPRESENTATIONS OF CHICKEN AND STOCHASTIC WORLD PRICES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rafajlovic,   Juanita; Cardwell,   Ryan T.
Current Doha Development Agenda (DDA) World Trade Organisation negotiations include proposals that would affect the trade barriers that protect Canada’s chicken producers from foreign competition. This research analyses the effects of the most recent proposals to emerge from the DDA negotiation on Canada’s chicken industry. We develop a partial-equilibrium model that generates welfare effects for the Canadian chicken industry supply chain. We also introduce stochastic prices to evaluate the effects of world price instability on the Canadian chicken industry. The model is also adapted to represent chicken as two distinct products; white meat and dark meat. Simulation results suggest that the welfare effects of the DDA proposals on the Canadian chicken...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WTO; Chicken; Canada; Model; Trade; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95814

U.S. IMPORTS OF CANADIAN WHEAT: ESTIMATING THE EFFECT OF THE U.S. EXPORT ENHANCEMENT PROGRAM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
It is hypothesized that the U.S. Export Enhancement Program (EEP) has had a role in increased U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. Using a set of world wheat models that differentiate wheat according to class and source, several conclusions concerning the role of EEP are reached. Over the period 1986-1993, EEP has been accountable for 40 to 48 percent of the yearly growth in U.S. imports of Canadian wheat. EEP subsidies in 1991/92 to China and Brazil caused significant diversion of Canadian wheat that would have been destined for those markets instead to the U.S. market. Further, it is argued that a quota on imports is not likely to have price-enhancing effects for U.S. wheat.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Export enhancement program; Wheat; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51218

Everything is on the Table: Agriculture in the Canada-EU Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Kerr,   William A.; Mekkaoui,   Cherine.
Most observers agree that the major areas where gains can be made in CETA are in the services sector and selected areas of manufacturing. It seems unlikely that CETA will be as all encompassing as the NAFTA with only a few agricultural products excluded from full tariff elimination. Still, it sends a bad signal if some trade liberalization is not achieved in agriculture and with a long implementation period no reason not to make progress. The major gains in agriculture are likely to be in niche markets which taken individually are small but in aggregate could provide a boost to Canadian agriculture. Most importantly, a trade agreement with the potential to open a rich market with 500 million consumers to the wide range of products and services exported by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canada; EU trade; Agreement; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95800

Producer preferences towards vertical coordination: The case of Canadian beef alliances
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steiner,   Bodo E.; Lan,   Kevin; Unterschultz,   James R.; Boxall,   Peter C.; Laate,   Emmanuel; Yang,   Danyi.
A survey among cow-calf producers was conducted during 2006 in Western Canada, to assess producers’ preferences towards participation in beef alliances. Producers’ choices were analyzed by varying the degree of vertical coordination in hypothetical lliance participation, while controlling for producer and farm-specific characteristics to explore risk, transaction cost and incentive considerations in participation decisions. Estimates from the attribute-based choice experiments suggest that information sharing regarding animal performance, revenue-risk and residual claimancy are important factors for producers driving alliance choices. Overall, cowcalf producers are willing to move toward higher levels of vertical coordination based on individual animal...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Beef value chain; Vertical coordination; Canada; Risk and Uncertainty; Q12; Q13; C83; D22.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122441

REFORM OF THE CANADIAN WHEAT BOARD: A “MADE IN CANADA” APPROACH TO MARKETING GRAIN
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pedde,   Richard; Mirus,   Rolf.
The debate continues: whether or not single desk selling of Western Canadian grain provides the best return to producers. It is methodologically difficult to show that better returns may have been foregone in the past, yet the experience in Illinois suggests that, absent the CWB, farmers could also achieve worse results. While this battle – a battle that is in part ideological in nature – has been taking place, the world has moved forward and new services markets have evolved. There may indeed be $20 bills on the sidewalk that can be picked up by moving with the world – without, for the time being, abandoning the single desk. In this brief discussion paper we argue that the Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) can improve its performance through increased recourse...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Wheat board; Canada; Agriculture; Grain; Marketing; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60433

IMPACTO DEL TLCAN EN EL COMERCIO AGRÍCOLA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crawford,   Terry L.
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a comprehensive trade liberalizing agreement among Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This is especially true for Agricultural trade between Mexico, and the United States. Agricultural trade barriers between Mexico and the United States were completely eliminated on January 1, 2008. The agreement facilitates cross-border investment, phytosanitary standards, cooperation regarding the environment and labor, and set up a dispute resolution procedure, and regular consultation procedures. Each of the countries entered NAFTA hoping to gain greater market access and growth in trade, as well as access to capital, technology, a favorable trade advantage and other gains. The question is, were these expectations...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: NAFTA; Agriculture; Trade; Mexico; Canada; United States; Investment.; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99463

Softwood Lumber: Exact Significance of the Recent Canadian Victory before the WTO and Prospects in the Context of the Pending Second Lumber Case
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benitah,   Marc.
Recently, the WTO Panel in charge of the softwood lumber case brought by Canada against the United States ruled in favor of Canada. The “benefit conferred” criterion played a critical role in the ruling, which concluded that the United States used a flawed cross-border methodology to demonstrate the existence of such a benefit. However, the Canadian victory would have been more decisive if the WTO panel had found the absence of a governmental financial contribution. The cross-border methodology will be once again at the heart of the pending second lumber case before the WTO. This article evaluates the prospects for the case in this context.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canada; Cross-border methodology; Dispute; Financial contribution; Softwood lumber; Stumpage; United States; WTO; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23925

Factors Influencing the Body Mass Index of Adults in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cranfield,   John A.L.
This paper explores socio-demographic, economic and behaviour factors influencing body mass index (BMI) amongst 20 to 64 year old adults in Canada. BMI scores in Canada have increased, with gains stemming from disproportionate increases in female BMI. Econometric results indicate higher BMI scores for males, those born in Canada, those in food insecure homes and whites. Age-gender interactions suggest different patterns of BMI adjustment over the life of males and females; a pronounced inverse quadratic relationship between with age and male BMI is noted, while female BMI increases with age. Education, used as a gauge of inequality, is inversely related to BMI, while income has a muted effect. BMI is inversely related to level of physical activity, an...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Obesity; BMI; Canada; Socio-demographic; Economic; Adults; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I10; J1.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6837

Trade-Related Policy and Canadian-U.S. Fed Cattle Transactions Basis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schulz,   Lee L.; Schroeder,   Ted C.; Ward,   Clement E.
Price differences among fed cattle prices in Canada and the United States (referred to here as fed cattle basis) are important for Canadian cattle feeders, but changing government regulations in Canada and the United States have made basis more variable. This article uses transaction data from Canadian feedlots to quantify fed cattle price differentials in light of new policy initiatives. Using transaction prices, we find that differing slaughter regulations, labeling laws, and policies affecting access to U.S. markets for Canadian cattle affect fed cattle basis.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Basis; Canada; Cattle prices; Government policy; International trade; Market access; Transaction prices; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117174

Age, Health, and the Willingness to Pay for Mortality Risk Reductions: A Contingent Valuation Survey of Ontario Residents
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Alberini,   Anna; Cropper,   Maureen L.; Simon,   Nathalie B.; O'Brien,   Bernie; Goeree,   Ron; Heintzelman,   Martin.
Much of the justification for environmental rulemaking rests on estimates of the benefits to society of reduced mortality rates. This research aims to fill gaps in the literature that estimates the value of a statistical life (VSL) by designing and implementing a contingent valuation study for persons 40 to 75 years of age, and eliciting WTP for reductions in current and future risks of death. Targeting this age range also allows us to examine the impact of age on WTP and, by asking respondents to complete a detailed health questionnaire, to examine the impact of health status on WTP. This survey was self-administered by computer to 930 persons in Hamilton, Ontario, in 1999. The survey uses audio and visual aids to communicate baseline risks of death and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Mortality risk valuation; Canada; Contingent valuation; Age; Health status; Risk and Uncertainty; I1; Q20; Q26.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10888

RESTRICTING WHEAT IMPORTS FROM CANADA: IMPACT OF PRODUCT DIFFERENTIATION AND U.S. EXPORT POLICY GOALS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Haley,   Stephen L.
Because increasing yearly U.S. imports of Canadian wheat have been a major concern of U.S. wheat interests, a policy restricting Canadian wheat imports may endure for the next few years. However, within the context of product differentiation, placing a restriction on the importation of a product that resembles one which is produced domestically may not benefit domestic producers of the product or the interests of policymakers. This analysis shows for various criteria under which EEP targets and bonus amounts have been chosen, it is unlikely that a restriction on U.S. wheat imports from Canada will have any beneficial effects.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Export Enhancement Program; Wheat; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51217

Regional Food Clusters and Government Support for Clustering: Evidence for a ‘Dynamic Food Innovation Cluster’ in Alberta, Canada?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Steiner,   Bodo E.; Ali,   Jolene.
This paper analyzes government support for networking and regional cluster growth in the food sector. It is, to the best of our knowledge, the first paper to provide a literature review of studies on regional food clusters, focusing on key features that characterize successful regional food clusters. The review compares key characteristics of such clusters with characteristics of clusters from other industrial sectors. The insights from these studies on clustering success and the role of government are contrasted with empirical evidence on government support for clustering in the Canadian food sector, specifically in the province of Alberta. The empirical evidence is based on two small industry surveys, one conducted in March 2005, and the second in August...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Location-based clustering; Food clusters; Networks; Innovation; Government support; Alberta; Canada; Industrial Organization; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; R11; L32; L38; O32; O38; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99705

Analyzing the Agricultural Trade Impacts of the Canada-Chile Free Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Malhotra,   Nisha; Stoyanov,   Andrey.
In this paper we study the agricultural trade impacts of the Canada Chile Free Trade Agreement (CCFTA). We find that the effect of the CCFTA on Chilean agricultural exports to Canada is large and positive. We estimate that approximately one-half of a 90 percent increase in Chilean exports to Canada can be attributed to trade preferences that the country received under the agreement. We found no effect of the agreement on Canadian exports to Chile. As far as we know, our paper is among the few that carries out a detailed empirical analysis of \ the effect of the FTA on agriculture. Most empirical papers that have studied the trade impact of FTAs rely on country-wide gravity models and aggregate trade data. These aggregate analyses can hide negative effects...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; Chile; FTA; Regional; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46628

An Evaluation of Milk Quota Exchange Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meilke,   Karl D.; Cairns,   Alexander P.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Supply management; Milk; Ontario; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102303

Farmland Prices
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weersink,   Alfons; Deaton,   Brady J., Jr.; Bryan,   James; Meilke,   Karl D.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land; Price; Ontario; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102302

Everything is on the Table: Agriculture in the Canada-EU Trade Agreement
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Viju,   Crina; Kerr,   William A.; Mekkaoui,   Cherine.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Eu; Canada; Agreement; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102304

Impacts from Government Regulations on the Canadian-U.S. Basis for Fed Cattle
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ward,   Clement E.; Schroeder,   Ted C.; Schulz,   Lee L.
Replaced with revised version of paper 09/01/09.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Canada; Fed Cattle; Government Policy; International Trade; Prices; U.S.; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q13; Q17; Q18.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49327

CONSISTENCY OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Greater sophistication of buyers in the wheat market has increased demands for higher quality wheats and focused attention on the consistency of the quality of wheat purchased.  In this study, the variability of wheat quality characteristics was examined at different stages of the marketing chain.  Variability was measured by variety and at farm and export levels.  Comparisons were made with Canada where similar data were available.  Different measures of variability were utilized where data were available.   Inter-year variability, intra-year variability, and within-lot variability of wheat quality characteristics were measured at different points in the wheat marketing chain in the United States and Canada.  Variability of many characteristics was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality; Consistency; Quality Variability; Wheat Export Quality; Farm Production Quality; Wheat Variety Quality; Canada; United States; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23305

EFFECTS OF THE DUTIES ON CANADIAN HARD RED SPRING WHEAT
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattson,   Jeremy W.; Koo,   Won W.; Baek,   Jungho.
Since the United States imposed antidumping and countervailing duties totaling 14.16 percent on imports of Canadian hard red spring (HRS) wheat, Canadian exports to the United States have nearly stopped.  This study examines the changes in U.S. wheat imports from Canada.  An econometric model is developed and estimated to determine the effects of the decline in HRS wheat imports on U.S. farm price and producer revenue.  The substantial decline in HRS wheat imports from Canada from the 1997/98 - 2001/02 levels to the current levels is found to have increased the spring wheat price received by farmers by about $0.15 per bushel.  With the average yearly HRS wheat production totaling 481 million bushels, this price increase means an increase in annual income...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Wheat; Imports; Canada; Farm price; Countervailing duties; Antidumping duties; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23494

Disease Outbreaks and Agricultural Trade: The Case of Potatoes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clark,   J. Stephen; Thibodeau,   David R.; Grant,   K. Gary; Prochazkova,   Katerina.
This study analyzed the impact of PVYn and potato wart disease outbreaks in PEI on the potato industry. These disease outbreaks resulted in the loss of the US seed export market to PEI producers. The effects of the disease outbreaks were mitigated through value-added processing. Price premiums for processed potatoes allowed PEI potato producers to abandon seed exports without incurring losses. Evidence is presented to suggest that other countries have also used this approach when export restrictions were placed on domestic agricultural industries. Policy response to the two disease outbreaks include: i) development of a zones policy that helped to reopen markets into the US; and ii) financial compensation to producers above the minimum levels required...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Disease; Trade; Potatoes; Canada; Food; Safety; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43464

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUPPLY OF QUALITY SPRING WHEATS: COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
The demand for high quality hard wheats has been increasing.  In this paper, factors affecting the supply and consistency of high quality wheats in Canada and North Dakota were compared and contrasted.  Differences exist in the development and release of new varieties which affect the number and quality of hard wheats produced.  Variety numbers and concentration were examined with a range of measures.   Wheat area in Canada was found to be concentrated in fewer varieties than in North Dakota.  These results were more apparent for durum than for hard red spring wheats. However, there was a trend toward more concentration in North Dakota and less in Canada.  Protein, yield, and trade-offs were compared. Alberta appears to have a comparative advantage in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Varieties; HRS; Supply; Protein; Yields; Variety Adoption; End-use Quality; Variety Release; United States; Canada; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23218

AGEING AND CONSUMPTION – THE IMPACT OF DEMOGRAPHIC CHANGE ON FOOD EXPENDITURE PATTERNS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anders,   Sven M.
Populations in most developed countries are ageing while fertility is declining. Policy makers and researchers expect this demographic shift to induce major shifts in most Western societies, economies and public policies. Moreover, changing requirements, demands and public health pressures (e.g. diabetes) of ageing populations are expected are likely to alter food expenditure patterns for various goods categories, including food products. The objective of this paper is to investigate to what extent household's food expenditure patterns shift around retirement age and what role changes in time use spend on home production play in this context. More specifically this paper reviews literature relevant to economic literature that has evolved around Modigliani...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Life-cycle hypothesis; Retirement consumption puzzle; Food expenditure; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116442

Factors Affecting Biotechnology Innovation in Canada: Analysis of the 2001 Biotechnology Use and Development Survey
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: van Moorsel,   Daryl; Cranfield,   John A.L.; Sparling,   David.
Advancement in biotechnology requires continued innovative activity by firms.  To grow, biotechnology firms must understand the factors affecting their innovative activity.  Such understanding also informs policy makers, and supports the development of policies promoting one's biotechnology sector.  This study explores factors which determine innovative activity within the Canadian biotechnology industry.  Innovative activity is measured as the natural log of the number of products/processes a firm has at different stages of the innovation spectrum.  A model is developed to regress this measure on several determinants of innovation.  Significant drivers of innovation include: collaborative arrangements, transfer of intellectual property, firm size and age,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Innovation; Biotechnology; Canada; Agriculture; Food; Human health; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34121

PROCESSED FOOD TRADE AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT UNDER NAFTA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Koo,   Won W.; Mattson,   Jeremy W.
Trade in processed food products is rapidly growing.  Trade with Canada and Mexico has especially been growing since free trade agreements have been implemented.  The U.S. presence in the processed food industry in other countries through foreign direct investment (FDI) is also large and has been expanding.  The relationship between trade and FDI is uncertain and subject to much debate.  Japan and Canada are the largest importers of processed foods from the United States, followed by Mexico and Korea.  Canada is the leading exporter of food products to the United States, followed by France, Mexico, and Italy.  Canada and Mexico have, in recent years, become increasingly important trading partners in processed foods.  Results from this study do not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Trade; Processed foods; Foreign direct investment; Canada; Mexico; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23566

The Role of the Imports for Re-Exports Program in Determining Canadian Demand for Imported Cheese: Implications for U.S. Exports
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew.
Given the importance of the Imports for Re-exports Program in (IREP) in Canada, this study assessed the impact of per-unit export returns on Canadian demand for imported cheese. If Canadian importers increase utilization of IREP, U.S. exports to Canada will remain unchanged while imports from the EU will increase.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Canada; Cheese; Import demand; IREP; Rotterdam model; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade; Q17; Q18; F13.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8214

FACTORS AFFECTING THE SUPPLY OF QUALITY SPRING WHEATS: COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA; SUMMARY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
The demand for high quality hard wheats has been increasing.  In this paper, factors affecting the supply and consistency of high quality wheats in Canada and North Dakota were compared and contrasted.  Differences exist in the development and release of new varieties which affect the number and quality of hard wheats produced.  Variety numbers and concentration were examined with a range of measures.   Wheat area in Canada was found to be concentrated in fewer varieties than in North Dakota.  These results were more apparent for durum than for hard red spring wheats. However, there was a trend toward more concentration in North Dakota and less in Canada.  Protein, yield, and trade-offs were compared. Alberta appears to have a comparative advantage in the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Varieties; HRS; Supply; Protein; Yields; Variety Adoption; End-use Quality; Variety Release; United States; Canada; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23472

Dynamic intrahousehold bargaining, matrimonial property law and suicide in Canada
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adam,   Christopher; Hoddinott,   John; Ligon,   Ethan.
This paper develops a dynamic model of household bargaining and uses it to motivate an empirical analysis of the impact changes in Canadian laws regarding the allocation of family assets upon divorce on female suicide. Using time series data, we show that in Ontario, the passage of Canadian legislation that improved women's rights to assets upon divorce was associated with reductions in the rate of female suicide amongst older (married) women while not affecting younger (unmarried) women. As suggested by our model, its impact was asymmetric in that male suicide rates were unaffected by this change. We also exploited a quasi-natural experiment in these data, namely that no comparable legislative  change occurred in Quebec. Here, we do not observe a...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Intrahousehold; Bargaining; Divorce; Suicide; Canada; Community/Rural/Urban Development; D10; J12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120422

CONSISTENCY OF QUALITY CHARACTERISTICS IN HARD RED SPRING WHEATS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dahl,   Bruce L.; Wilson,   William W.
Greater sophistication of buyers in the wheat market has increased demands for higher quality wheats and focused attention on the consistency of the quality of wheat purchased.  In this study, the variability of wheat quality characteristics was examined at different stages of the marketing chain.  Variability was measured by variety and at farm and export levels.  Comparisons were made with Canada where similar data were available.  Different measures of variability were utilized where data were available.   Inter-year variability, intra-year variability, and within-lot variability of wheat quality characteristics were measured at different points in the wheat marketing chain in the United States and Canada.  Variability of many characteristics was...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Quality; Consistency; Quality Variability; Wheat Export Quality; Farm Production Quality; Wheat Variety Quality; Canada; United States; Production Economics.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23455

ALBERTA AND THE EU-27: PAST TRADE RELATIONS AND FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Emter,   Nicholas A.; Mirus,   Rolf.
Canada and the EU-27 are negotiating a comprehensive economic partnership agreement against the backdrop of the stalled multilateral negotiations under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO). The new agreement is expected to stimulate trade, investment, and technology transfer between the two partners. This report provides a review of the last 15 years of Alberta’s experience in exporting goods to the EU-27, with the goal of gaining insights into how freer trade could affect future exports to the region. First, we summarize the state of bilateral economic relations between the prospective partners, relying in part on a study jointly sponsored by the EU and the Government of Canada. The second part focuses on the exports to the EU from Alberta...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Canada; EU; International trade; Trade; Imports; Exports; Commercial services exports; Merchandise exports; Commercial services imports; Merchandise imports; Manufactured goods; Commodities; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Political Economy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60403

Traceability -- A Literature Review
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Trautman,   Dawn; Goddard,   Ellen W.; Nilsson,   Tomas K.H.
In light of recent food safety crises and international trade concerns associated with food or animal associated diseases, traceability has once again become important in the minds of public policymakers, business decision makers, consumers and special interest groups. This study reviews studies on traceability, government regulation and consumer behaviour, provide case studies of current traceability systems and a rough breakdown of various costs and benefits of traceability. This report aims to identify gaps that may currently exist in the literature on traceability in the domestic beef supply chain, as well as provide possible directions for future research into said issue. Three main conclusions can be drawn from this study. First, there is a lack of a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Traceability; Institutions; Canada; Consumer behaviour; Producer behaviour; Supply chain; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; D020; D100; D200; Q100.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52090

Context-Dependent BSE Impacts on Canadian Food-at-Home Beef Purchases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Maynard,   Leigh J.; Wang,   Xin.
Household-level Canadian scanner data from 2002 – 2005 were used to identify consumer reactions to the early BSE discoveries that severely impacted Canada’s beef industry.  In all provinces, consumers reacted to the initial BSE event by purchasing more beef, apparently to support struggling ranchers.  Subsequent BSE events, however, met with reduced beef purchases.  The results were consistent across three measures of monthly beef purchases: participation, units purchased, and beef expenditure share.  Failing to account for the context of individual BSE events would have produced little evidence of consumer reaction, a common finding among prior North American BSE studies.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: BSE; Mad cow disease; Food safety; Consumer behavior; Canada; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; Q11.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48431

Equity financing and investment opportunities in Canadian primary agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Painter,   Marvin J.
This study shows that for the period 1990–2007, international portfolio investment performance was significantly improved with the addition of Canadian farmland. Farmland in Canada is considered relatively low risk, enters the efficient portfolios at low risk levels and adds the most financial improvement to low and medium risk portfolios. Compared with T-bills and long bonds, farmland has higher risk and yield, but lower risk than stocks. Compared with stocks, farmland has income yields and risk that are similar to or better than dividend yields and risk on stocks while farmland has capital gain yields and risk that are usually lower, on average, than stocks. The low and negative correlation of farmland yields with stocks and bonds make it a good...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Investment portfolio; Risk management; Diversification; Farmland; Canada; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120867

GRAIN QUALITY IN THE CANADIAN BARLEY SECTOR: A REVIEW OF REGULATIONS, INDUSTRY PRACTICES, AND POLICY ISSUES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   D. Demcey.
This paper provides an overview of regulations and industry practices relating to grain quality in Canada's barley sector.  Special attention is devoted to malting barley.  Topics include: supply and disposition of barley in Canada; role of institutions (Canadian Grain Commission and Canadian Wheat Board); grades and standards; variety registration; malting barley selection; and recent changes in handling, procurement, and marketing.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Barley; Grain quality; Marketing; Procurement; Canada; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23408

Dynamic Econometric Models of Manitoba Crop Production and Hypothetical Production Impacts for CAIS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Coyle,   Barry T.; Wei,   Ran; Rude,   James.
This study analyzes the impact of the Canadian Agriculture Income Stabilization (CAIS)program. The study begins with a specification of dynamic crop production that decomposes static short run crop acreage allocation decisions and dynamic crop yield affects. The modelling framework accommodates risk aversion, price uncertainty, and applies recent aggregation theory to aggregate weather data. Using this framework an analytical model of the impacts of CAIS on crop production is developed. Hypothetical impacts of are simulated using an aggregate Manitoba data set. The results show that CAIS has a substantial impact on the shadow prices of both inputs and outputs. These shadow price effects resulted in a 4 percent increase in long run wheat and barley yields...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Canada; CAIS; Risk; Crop; Production; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46630

Canadian import demand for fresh fruits: a differential demand system approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chung,   Rebecca H.; Brown,   Mark G.; Lee,   Jonq-Ying.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Import demand; Canada; Fresh fruit; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52740

Recent Developments in the US - Canadian Softwood Lumber Disputes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devadoss,   Stephen; Roman,   Angel Aguiar.
Since the United States and Canada could not resolve their contentious dispute on lumber trade, both countries approached the World Trade Organization to resolve this long-running disagreement. Each country filed three petitions covering (a) countervailing duties (CVD), (b) antidumping, and (c) material injury resulting from CVD and antidumping. This article briefly reviews the dispute, explains both countries' factual arguments submitted to the WTO, presents the WTO rulings on the three petitions, and discusses the economic implications of WTO findings.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Canada; Dispute; Lumber; United States; WTO; International Relations/Trade; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23901

Heterogeneous Demand for Food Diversity: A Quantile Regression Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Drescher,   Larissa S.; Goddard,   Ellen W.
Poverty and inequality studies frequently use the quantile regression approach to provide results on the impact of determinants at different points of the distribution of a dependent variable. To innovate diversity research this paper uses quantile regressions to identify determinants at different points of the food diversity distribution. Regional and household level differences in demand for food diversity are analysed based on a pooled sample of Canadian data of the Family Food Expenditure Surveys of Statistics Canada. Simple OLS regressions show that the determinants of Canadian diversity demand are similar to those of other developed countries. However, with quantile regressions significantly different effects of independent variables on diversity...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Household demand; Food diversity; Quantile regressions; Pooled samples; Canada; Haushaltsnachfrage; Lebensmittelvielfalt; Quantil-Regressionen; Gepoolte Daten; Kanada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114484

Detecting COOL Impacts on US-Canada Bilateral Hog and Pork Trade Flows
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rude,   James; Gervais,   Jean-Philippe; Felt,   Marie-Helene.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: COL; Trade; Hog; Pork; Canada; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102301