Consulta: subjectFacets:"Collective action"
Registros recuperados: 79
Data/hora: 03/06/2024 09:41:58

Procesos de formación y viabilidad de las cajas de ahorro populares desde la perspectiva del capital social y la acción colectiva en San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Allais, Jérôme.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores socio-económicos que favorecen los procesos de formación y la viabilidad de las cajas de ahorro populares de grupos de mujeres en zonas rurales marginadas del municipio de San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz desde la perspectiva del capital social y de la acción colectiva. El proceso metodológico se desarrolló de la siguiente manera: 1) una idea de inicio basada en la experiencia en campo; 2) un trabajo bibliográfico y teórico-conceptual para diseñar el protocolo de investigación; 3) el estudio exploratorio en la región de Los Tuxtlas para determinar las instituciones formales e informales de financiamiento rural existentes y delimitar la investigación; 4) un estudio de caso en campo en el cual se aplicaron...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Microfinanzas; Cajas de ahorro populares; Capital Social; Institucionalidad; Acción Colectiva; Capacidad de agencia; Maestría; EDAR; Estrategías para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional.; Microfinance; Informal rural banks; Social capital; Institutionalism; Collective action; Agency capacity.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1386

Factores relacionados con la permanencia de un organismo microfinanciero local, el caso de la caja de ahorro y préstamo comunitario "San Juan", Palmarito Tochapan, Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Olmos Ramírez, Yannet.
Este trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo encontrar los elementos administrativos y sociales que permiten la permanencia, funcionamiento y viabilidad de una caja de ahorro y préstamo comunitario (CAPC)  en la comunidad de Palmarito Tochapan, Puebla. El método utilizado fue el estudio de caso, a través de técnicas de observación directa y participativa. Los resultados son: la CAPC implementó su propio proceso administrativo y la responsabilidad directamente recae en el comité y posteriormente en cada uno de sus integrantes. El capital social está sustentado por los lazos de parentesco y de amistad reflejados en la cooperación, reciprocidad  y confianza, las cuales  mantienen fuertemente cohesionado al grupo permitiendo la generación de la acción...
Palavras-chave: Administración; Acción colectiva; Caja de ahorro; Capital social; Microfinanzas; Administration; Collective action; Microfinance; Savings; Social capital; EDAR; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; Maestría.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/589

Transformaciones y continuidades en el manejo del bosque y relaciones de género en Santa Catarina Lachatao, Oaxaca.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Rojas Serrano, Coral.
En este estudio se analiza la forma en que habitantes de Santa Catarina Lachatao, comunidad oaxaqueña gobernada por instituciones indígenas autónomas, conciben, manejan y dan significado al bosque, con el que reproducen un modo de vida agrícola, moldeado por cambios históricos en la economía local, nacional e internacional. Se explica a partir de las teorías de la “acción colectiva” y la “agroecología feminista”, la manera en que la comunidad de estudio se inserta en el sistema económico global, defendiendo una manera propia de manejo forestal, con aspectos positivos y negativos para el desarrollo sustentable. El bosque se concibe como un territorio socialmente construido, valorizado de manera instrumental, social y cultural por la población. Es un espacio...
Palavras-chave: Acción colectiva; Bosque; Género; Gestión comunitaria; Territorio; Community management; Collective action; Forest; Gender; Territory; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional; EDAR; Doctorado.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2264

Procesos de formación y viabilidad de las cajas de ahorro populares desde la perspectiva del capital social y la acción colectiva en San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Allais, Jerónimo.
El objetivo de este estudio es analizar los factores socio-económicos que favorecen los procesos de formación y la viabilidad de las cajas de ahorro populares de grupos de mujeres en zonas rurales marginadas del municipio de San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz desde la perspectiva del capital social y de la acción colectiva. El proceso metodológico se desarrolló de la siguiente manera: 1) una idea de inicio basada en la experiencia en campo; 2) un trabajo bibliográfico y teórico-conceptual para diseñar el protocolo de investigación; 3) el estudio exploratorio en la región de Los Tuxtlas para determinar las instituciones formales e informales de financiamiento rural existentes y delimitar la investigación; 4) un estudio de caso en campo en el cual se aplicaron...
Tipo: Tesis
Palavras-chave: Microfinanzas; Cajas de ahorro populares; Capital Social; Institucionalidad; Acción Colectiva; Capacidad de agencia microfinance; Informal rural banks; Social capital; Institutionalism; Collective action; Agency capacity.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/1060

Acción colectiva y capital social en las Organizaciones Agrarias. El caso de la Cooperativa Agropecuaria Cholollan en el valle de Puebla.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Rincón Pérez, Fernando.
La organización social en las áreas rurales adquiere especial relevancia en las dos últimas décadas, en las cuales se han diseñado una serie de políticas que buscan aprovechar esta capacidad como una alternativa para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población de estas áreas. La presente investigación se realizó en localidades pertenecientes a la región del Valle del Estado de Puebla, durante el año 2007. El propósito de la investigación consistió en el análisis del papel del capital social en un proceso de acción colectiva. Para ello fue necesario definir los aspectos del capital social a estudiar e identificar su presencia en dos momentos de un proceso organizativo. El estudio se sustenta en la teoría de la acción colectiva, y del capital social como...
Palavras-chave: Acción colectiva; Capital social; Organizaciones agrarias; Valle de Puebla; Collective action; Social capital; Rural organization; Puebla; EDAR; Maestría; Estrategias para el Desarrollo Agrícola Regional.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/333

Locust Control in Transition: The Loss and Reinvention of Collective Action in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Toleubayev, Kazbek; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kazbek.Toleubayev@wur.nl; Jansen, Kees; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Kees.Jansen@wur.nl; van Huis, Arnold; Wageningen University, The Netherlands; Arnold.vanHuis@wur.nl.
The inability to organize collective action for pest control can lead to severe problems. This paper focuses on the locust management system in Kazakhstan since the formation of the Soviet State. During the Transition Period after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Plant Protection Service disintegrated. The principles of central planning were replaced with individualistic approaches with little state involvement in pest control activities or pesticide regulation. The financial and ideological reasons for dismantling the existing pest control system did not recognize the potential impact that policy-induced changes in agro-ecological conditions and control practices would have on pest development. Nature hit back at the induced institutional change that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutional change; Kazakhstan; Knowledge; Land use; Locust; Plant protection; Public good; Soviet Union; Transition period.
Ano: 2007

Sharing as risk pooling in a social dilemma experiment
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cherry, Todd L.; Appalachian State University; Center for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO); cherrytl@appstate.edu; Howe, E. Lance; University of Alaska Anchorage; elhowe@uaa.alaska.edu; Murphy, James J.; University of Alaska Anchorage; Nankai University; Chapman University; murphy@uaa.alaska.edu.
In rural economies with missing or incomplete markets, idiosyncratic risk is frequently pooled through informal networks. Idiosyncratic shocks, however, are not limited to private goods but can also restrict an individual from partaking in or benefiting from a collective activity. In these situations, a group must decide whether to provide insurance to the affected member. We describe results of a laboratory experiment designed to test whether a simple sharing institution can sustain risk pooling in a social dilemma with idiosyncratic risk. We tested whether risk could be pooled without a commitment device and, separately, whether effective risk pooling induced greater cooperation in the social dilemma. We found that even in the absence of a commitment...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Experimental economics; Idiosyncratic risk; Income smoothing; Insurance; Lab experiment; Public goods; Resource sharing; Risk pooling; Social dilemma; Social-ecological systems; Team production.
Ano: 2015

Building ties: social capital network analysis of a forest community in a biosphere reserve in Chiapas, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dahringer, Guillaume; Pronatura-Sur A.C.; dahringer@pronatura-sur.org; Reyes, Felipe; Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas; felipe.reyes@unicach.mx.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Community forest management; Ejido; Mexico; Social capital; Social network analysis.
Ano: 2012

Social-Ecological Scale Mismatches and the Collapse of the Sea Urchin Fishery in Maine, USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Teresa R.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; teresa.johnson@maine.edu; Wilson, James A.; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; Jwilson@maine.edu; Cleaver, Caitlin; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; caitlin.cleaver@maine.edu; Vadas, Robert L.; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine; School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; vadas@maine.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Co-management; Fisheries management; Kelp; Maine  USA; Ocean fisheries; Scale mismatches; Sea urchin fishery.
Ano: 2012

Certifying the commons: eco-certification, privatization, and collective action
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Foley, Paul; Environmental Policy Institute, Memorial University, Grenfell Campus; pfoley@grenfell.mun.ca; McCay, Bonnie; Department of Human Ecology, Rutgers the State University; mccay@AESOP.RUTGERS.EDU.
We examine new dynamics of privatization and collective action in common pool resource situations facilitated by the nonstate multistakeholder institutions of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC), the global leader in sustainability certification for wild caught seafood. Through a review of the literature and two case studies of fishing cooperatives in Baja California Sur, Mexico and on Fogo Island in the Canadian Province of Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), we advance two interrelated arguments. First, certification and eco-labeling institutions privatize fisheries governance in largely unexamined ways through the injection of new forms of exclusive rights or privileges into common pool resource situations already complicated by access and property...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Baja California Sur  Mexico; Collective action; Common pool resources; Commons; Community-based fisheries; Cooperatives; Environmental certification; Environmental governance; Fisheries; Fogo Island  Newfoundland and Labrador  Canada; Governance; Marine Stewardship Council; MSC; Northern shrimp; Privatization; Property rights; Spiny lobster; Sustainable.
Ano: 2014

Outcomes of State- vs. Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sudtongkong, Chanyut; Asian Institute of Technology; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya; chanuyts@gmail.com; Webb, Edward L.; Asian Institute of Technology; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore; ted.webb@nus.edu.sg.
In Thailand, mangrove forests are claimed for state management, although it is widely recognized that coastal communities access and manage those forests. Skepticism persists within Thai government circles about whether coastal villages can sustainably manage and protect mangroves. This research presents evidence of successful mangrove conservation and management by two coastal villages in Trang province, southern Thailand. Using interdisciplinary methods including interviews, discussions, quantitative forest surveys, and institutional analysis, we describe the history of how these two communities gained rights to manage the mangrove forests, and the subsequent positive biological outcomes associated with their management. Local villages have crafted and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Collective action; Ecology; Forest management; Institutions; Management; Sustainability.
Ano: 2008

Applying the social-ecological system framework to the diagnosis of urban lake commons in Bangalore, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Nagendra, Harini; Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment; Indiana University; nagendra@atree.org; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Decentralization; Leadership; Peri-urban SES; Polycentricity.
Ano: 2014

Local perceptions as a guide for the sustainable management of natural resources: empirical evidence from a small-scale society in Bolivian Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cabeza, Mar; Metapopulation Research Centre (MRC), Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki; cabeza@cc.helsinki.fi.
Research on natural resource management suggests that local perceptions form the basis upon which many small-scale societies monitor availability and change in the stock of common-pool natural resources. In contrast, this literature debates whether local perceptions can be effective in guiding the sustainable management of natural resources. With empirical evidence on this matter still highly limited, we explored the role of local perceptions as drivers of harvesting and management behavior in a small-scale society in Bolivian Amazonia. We conducted structured interviews to capture local perceptions of availability and change in the stock of thatch palm (Geonoma deversa) among the Tsimane', an indigenous society of foragers-horticulturalists (n = 296...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Change perceptions; Collective action; Common-pool resources; Local peoples; Overharvesting; Tsimane'.
Ano: 2016

Transformation of resource management institutions under globalization: the case of songgye community forests in South Korea.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Yu, David  J.; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; davidjae@asu.edu; Anderies, John M.; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University; School of Sustainability, Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Lee, Dowon; Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Seoul National University; leedw@snu.ac.kr; Perez, Irene; Center for the Study of Institutional Diversity, Arizona State University; iperezib@asu.edu.
The context in which many self-governed commons systems operate will likely be significantly altered as globalization processes play out over the next few decades. Such dramatic changes will induce some systems to fail and subsequently to be transformed, rather than merely adapt. Despite this possibility, research on globalization-induced transformations of social-ecological systems (SESs) is still underdeveloped. We seek to help fill this gap by exploring some patterns of transformation in SESs and the question of what factors help explain the persistence of cooperation in the use of common-pool resources through transformative change. Through the analysis of 89 forest commons in South Korea that experienced such transformations, we found that there are...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Community-based forest management; Forest commons; Multilevel governance; Nested enterprise; Network diversity; Robustness; Robustness trade-offs; Social-ecological systems; Songgye; Transformative capacity of social-ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

The Evolution of the Maine Lobster V-Notch Practice:  Cooperation in a Prisoner's Dilemma Game
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Acheson, James; Department of Anthropology and School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine; acheson@maine.edu; Gardner, Roy; Department of Economics, Indiana University; gardner@indiana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Evolutionary game theory; Lobster; Maine; Prisoner's dilemma; V-notch program.
Ano: 2011

Games for groundwater governance: field experiments in Andhra Pradesh, India
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Meinzen-Dick, Ruth; International Food Policy Research Institute; R.Meinzen-Dick@cgiar.org; Chaturvedi, Rahul; Foundation for Ecological Security; rahul.chaturvedi@fes.org.in; Ghate, Rucha; International Center for Integrated Mountain Development; ruchaghate@gmail.com; Janssen, Marco A; Arizona State University; Marco.Janssen@asu.edu; Rollins, Nathan D; Arizona State University; nathan.rollins@asu.edu; Sandeep, K; Foundation for Ecological Security; sandeep@fes.org.in.
Groundwater is a common-pool resource that is subject to depletion in many places around the world as a result of increased use of irrigation and water-demanding cash crops. Where state capacity to control groundwater use is limited, collective action is important to increase recharge and restrict highly water-consumptive crops. We present results of field experiments in hard rock areas of Andhra Pradesh, India, to examine factors affecting groundwater use. Two nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) ran the games in communities where they were working to improve watershed and water management. Results indicate that, when the links between crop choice and groundwater depletion is made explicit, farmers can act cooperatively to address this problem. Longer NGO...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Andhra Pradesh; Collective action; Experimental games; Framed field experiments; Groundwater; India.
Ano: 2016

Building resilient pathways to transformation when &amp;#8220;no one is in charge&amp;#8221;: insights from Australia's Murray-Darling Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Abel, Nick; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation ; nick.abel@csiro.au; Wise, Russell M.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; russell.wise@csiro.au; Colloff, Matthew J.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Matt.Colloff@csiro.au; Walker, Brian H.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; brian.walker@csiro.au; Butler, James R. A.; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; james.butler@csiro.au; Ryan, Paul; Australian Resilience Centre; paulryan@internode.on.net; Norman, Chris; Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority; chrisn@gbcma.vic.gov.au; Langston, Art; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; art.langston@csiro.au; Anderies, John M.; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Gorddard, Russell; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; Russell.Gorddard@csiro.au; Dunlop, Michael; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; michael.dunlop@csiro.au; O'Connell, Deborah; Land and Water, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation; deborah.o'connell@csiro.au.
Climate change and its interactions with complex socioeconomic dynamics dictate the need for decision makers to move from incremental adaptation toward transformation as societies try to cope with unprecedented and uncertain change. Developing pathways toward transformation is especially difficult in regions with multiple contested resource uses and rights, with diverse decision makers and rules, and where high uncertainty is generated by differences in stakeholders&amp;#8217; values, understanding of climate change, and ways of adapting. Such a region is the Murray-Darling Basin, Australia, from which we provide insights for developing a process to address these constraints. We present criteria for sequencing actions along adaptation pathways: feasibility...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation pathways; Climate change; Collective action; Domain shift; Equity; Irrigation; Resilience; Social conflict; Transformation; Wetlands.
Ano: 2016

Melhoramento genético de base comunitária: técnicas de transferência de tecnologia para ovinos e caprinos.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: BELCHIOR, E. B.; SHIOTSUKI, L.
Ao sistematizar essa experiência, buscou-se resgatar o processo de organização social dos produtores e a relação deles com os agentes de pesquisa no decorrer do período abordado, identificando-se nesse contexto as metodologias de TT que contribuíram para o alcance dos objetivos propostos pelo projeto. Com isso, espera-se oferecer a outros agentes de conhecimento - sejam eles instituições de pesquisa, empresas de extensão rural, criadores, produtores, técnicos, representantes do setor agropecuário ou gestores de políticas públicas - elementos importantes que sirvam de parâmetro para elaboração de estratégias de TT.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Construção coletiva do conhecimento; Construção participativa do conhecimento; Melhoramento genético animal; Transferência de tecnologia; Extensão rural; Ovino; Caprino; Goats; Sheep; Collective action; Farmers' attitudes; Knowledge; Brazil.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1091397

Les arrangements institutionnels et la gouvernance de l'eau douce en zone côtière : le cas du bassin versant de la Charente
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marcone, Océane.
The water - management within the watershed of the Charente is problematic due to the different uses made by different user groups, and because of its relative scarcity, especially during summertime. The over exploitation of the water for farrning activities poses a problem, in particular from the environmental point of view. The shellfish activity suffers from the scarcity of fresh water in the basin of Marennes - Oléron too.   The various needs of water inherent in the different practices lead to use conflicts. To improve water management, the govemment had set up various management tools. Thought problems remain. lnstitutional economics seems to be a pertinent framework to understand what are the misses and the progresses of the current management...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Gouvernance de l'eau douce; Arrangements institutionnels; Bassin versant de la Charente; Conflits d'usage; Action collective; Fresh water governance; Institutional arrangements; Watershed of the Charente; Uses conflicts; Collective action.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00441/55276/56769.pdf

Collective Action and Property Rights for Poverty Reduction: A Review of Methods and Approaches
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mwangi,   Esther; Markelova,   Helen.
While much attention has been given to examining various aspects of poverty, a number of studies have shown that institutional environment in which the poor exist conditions welfare outcomes, thus highlighting the inherently crucial importance of institutions for poverty reduction. The institutions of property rights and collective action are among those identified as playing a major role in the livelihood strategies of the poor. This paper highlights ways to operationalize the conceptual framework developed by Di Gregorio and colleagues (2008), which provides an analytical tool to study poverty through the institutional lens with a special focus on collective action and property rights. By emphasizing the multidimensionality of poverty, the authors...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Property rights; Poverty reduction; Evaluation; Vulnerability; Power; Institutions; Wellbeing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44355

The Many Meanings of Collective Action: Lessons on Enhancing Gender Inclusion and Equity in Watershed Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: German,   Laura; Taye,   Hailemichael; Charamila,   Sarah; Tolera,   Tesema; Tanui,   Joseph.
Collective action in agriculture and natural resource management is all too often perceived of in terms of the mere number of participants, with little consideration given to who participates, why, and the outcomes of inequitable participation. The literature is replete with cases of how uncritical approaches to participation structure positions of privilege vis-a-vis project benefits and the natural resource base. Yet lessons on how to engage with local communities in ways that promote equitable participation of women, the poor and other stakeholders are only now coming to light. This paper focuses on approaches under development under the rubric of the African Highlands Initiative to bring collective action principles to bear on gender-equitable change...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Watershed management; Gender; Collective action; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42495

THE AGE OF CONTRACT AGRICULTURE: CONSEQUENCES OF CONCENTRATION IN INPUT SUPPLY
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harl,   Neil E.
Dramatic increases in concentration in the seed business, coupled with aggressive efforts to vertically integrate the agricultural sector and to institute contract-based production of commodities, have raised questions about the economic position of producers. Disparate positions of market power by highly concentrated input suppliers on the one hand (particularly seed suppliers because of control over germ plasm and a monopoly position over seed varieties through plant patents or plant variety protection certificates), and producers in nearly perfect competition on the other, suggest that the revenue division from production is likely to be redefined in favor of the party with the greater market and economic power. Possible solutions include aggressive...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Antitrust; Barriers to entry; Collective action; Concentration; Contract; Seed; Vertical integration; Farm Management; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14701

Climatic variability and cooperation in rangeland management: a case study from Niger
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Vanderlinden,   Jean-Paul.
In this paper, we develop an empirical model of an agro-pastoral system subject to high climatic risk to test the impact of rainfall variability on livestock densities, land allocation patterns and herd mobility observed at the community level. Also, because grazing land is a common-pool resource, we determine the impact of cooperation on these decision variables. To capture different abilities of communities to manage these externalities, we construct indices comprised of factors considered to affect the costliness of achieving successful cooperation found in the collective action literature. We then test hypotheses regarding the impact of rainfall variability and cooperation using data collected in a semi-arid region of Niger. Results indicate that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rangelands; Environmental risk; Natural resource management; Pastoralism; Collective action; Cooperation; Institutions; Livestock stocking densities; Mobility; Niger; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50058

The Role of Public-Private Partnerships and Collective Action in Ensuring Smallholder Participation in High Value Fruit and Vegetable Supply Chains
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Narrod,   Clare A.; Roy,   Devesh; Okello,   Julius Juma; Avendano,   Belem; Rich,   Karl M.
Many developing countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. Accessing developed country markets and urban domestic markets requires meeting the food safety requirements due to several demand and supply side factors. Food retailers have developed protocols relating to pesticide residues, field and packinghouse operations, and traceability. In this changing scenario where food safety requirements are getting increasingly stringent, there are worries regarding the livelihood of the poor since companies that establish production centers in LDCs might exclude them. Poor producers face problems of how to produce safe food, be recognized as producing safe...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Supply chain management; Public private partnerships; Collective action; Public and private standards; Traceability; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50001

Outcomes and Determinants of Success of a Performance Payment Scheme for Carnivore Conservation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zabel,   Astrid; Bostedt,   Goran; Engel,   Stefanie.
This paper presents a first empirical assessment of carnivore conservation under a performance payment scheme. The Swedish government issues payments to reindeer herder villages based on the number of carnivore offspring certified on their pastures. The villages decide on the internal use and distribution of the payments. It is generally assumed that benefit distribution rules are exogenously given. We develop a model to investigate such rules as endogenous decision. The empirical data reveals that villages’ group size has a direct negative effect on conservation outcomes. However, there is also an indirect positive effect which impacts conservation outcomes through the benefit distribution rule. This result revises the general collective action hypothesis...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation performance payments; Wildlife conservation; Collective action; Empirical policy assessment; Sweden; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115973

Social Norms and Behavior in the Local Commons Through the Lens of Field Experiments
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cardenas,   Juan-Camilo.
Behavior in the local commons is usually embedded in a context of regulations and social norms that the group of users face. Such norms and rules affect how individuals value material and non-material incentives and therefore determine their decision to cooperate or over extract the resources from the common-pool. This paper discusses the importance of social norms in shaping behavior in the commons through the lens of experiments, and in particular experiments conducted in the field with people that usually face these social dilemmas in their daily life. Through a large sample of experimental sessions with around one thousand people between villagers and students, I test some hypothesis about behavior in the commons when regulations and social norms...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social norms; Regulations; Cooperation; Collective action; Common-pool resources; Experimental economics; Field experiments.; Public Economics; D71; Q0; Q2; C9; H3; H4.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91168

RETHINKING REHABILITATION: SOCIO-ECOLOGY OF TANKS AND WATER HARVESTING IN RAJASTHAN, NORTH-WEST INDIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shah,   Tushaar; Raju,   K. Vengama.
In the arid and semi-arid Indian state of Rajasthan, tanks and ponds have been a mainstay of rural communities for centuries. There are over 4600 large minor irrigation tanks, plus numerous johads, bandhs and pals (small water harvesting structures). This paper assesses a strategy proposed for rehabilitating 1200 of the larger tanks. It argues that treating tanks only as flow irrigation systems—which lies at the center of the mainstream thinking on rehabilitating surface irrigation systems--is very likely to result in a flawed strategy when applied to tanks. Instead, reviewing the successful experience of NGOs like PRADAN and Tarun Bharat Sangh in reviving and rehabilitating clusters of small traditional water harvesting structures at a watershed level, it...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Watershed; Watershed management; Multiple uses; Natural resource management; Tank rehabilitation; Collective action; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55440

Initiatives For Rural Development Through Collective Action : The Case of Household Participation in Group Activities in the Highlands of Central Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kariuki,   Gatarwa; Place,   Frank.
Dimensions of the nature, scope, and complexity of collective action in Kenya have evolved over many years. In studying collective action, the aim is to understand why and how people participate in networks of trust. The purpose of this study was to investigate the different objectives that farmers pursue through collective action with the aim of understanding the patterns of people’s participation in collective action, identify factors that influence people to join groups, and identify the costs and benefits of participating in activities of groups. The study was carried out in four sites spread across the highlands of central Kenya. Data was collected from a total of 442 households, focusing on whether members of those households belonged to groups and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Kenya; Groups; Gender; Assets; Institutions; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42487

Scaling up Kudumbashree--collective action for poverty alleviation and women's empowerment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kadiyala,   Suneetha.
This paper discusses the factors that enabled and constrained the scaling up of a multisectoral poverty alleviation program called Kudumbashree, initiated by the government of Kerala (GOK), India, in 1998 to eradicate poverty by 2008. It also discusses some potential threats to and trade-offs of scaling up Kudumbashree. This report draws primarily upon the available literature and qualitative data collected during a five-day visit to Kudumbashree in March 2003. In 1991, the GOK, along with UNICEF, initiated the Community-Based Nutrition Program (CBNP) in Alleppey town to improve the health and nutritional status of children and women. CBNP facilitated collective action by forming and developing the capacity of three-tiered community development societies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Scaling up; Collective action; Poverty alleviation; Women; Empowerment; Community-driven development (CDD); Government policy; Gender; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60400

Institutional Change and Collective Action:   The Case of Reclamation Systems in Northwest Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schleyer,   Christian.
This paper examines two drastic changes in the performance of local water associations in providing local public goods – appropriate levels of water table – in the reclamation system in the Powiat Pyrzyce in the Voivodship Zachodniopomorski in northwest Poland. Employing an institutional economics approach shows the results of processes of revalorisation of the interrelated property objects land and reclamation infrastructure that have been triggered and shaped not only by the drastic political, economic and administrative changes after the breakdown of the socialist regime in Poland in 1990, but also by the prospect of joining the European Union and the proactive leadership of the director of the Powiat Department of Environmental Protection, Forestry and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutional change; Reclamation systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy; H 410; P 320; Q 150.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90811

Banana Value Chains in Central Africa: Constraints and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ouma,   Emily Awuor; Jagwe,   John.
Smallholder farmers in developing countries need to improve their position in food value chains in order to improve their margins and as a strategy for coping with agricultural food price volatility through innovations within the chains. Value chain mappings and gross margin analysis were employed to assess constraints and opportunities for existing value chains for bananas in Central Africa using market survey data. The results showed weak linkages within the banana value chains with poor integration of value chain actors and minimal involvement with regional markets and high-value domestic chains such as supermarkets. Value addition in terms of agroprocessing was carried out at small scale levels using rudimentary techniques limiting the final product to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Banana value chains; Smallholder farmers; Central Africa; Collective action; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96169

The role of farmer organisations and researcher support in the inclusion of smallholders in quality pork supply chains in Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Binh,   Vu Trong; Thai,   Bui Thi; Quang,   Hoang Vu; Moustier,   Paule.
Replaced with revised version of paper 11/26/07.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pork production; Consumption; Farmers organisation; Red River Delta; Vietnam; Agriculture services; Collective action; Safe product; Smallholders; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7951

Water, Women, and Local Social Organization in the Western Kenya Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Were,   Elizabeth; Swallow,   Brent M.; Roy,   Jessica.
Safe water is widely recognized as both a fundamental human need and a key input into economic activity. Across the developing world, the typical approach to addressing these needs is to segregate supplies of water for domestic use from water for large-scale agricultural production. In that arrangement, the goal of domestic water supply is to provide small amounts of clean safe water for direct consumption, cleaning, bathing and sanitation, while the goal of agricultural water supply is to provide large amounts of lower quality water for irrigated agriculture. A new third use of water is now being given more attention by researchers: small amounts of water employed in selected household enterprises. This third use may be particularly important for women....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Kenya; Water; Collective action; Community organization; Community-based organizations; Women; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42496

The relationship between collective action and intensification of livestock production: the case of Northeastern Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy.
In this paper, we develop a simple game-theoretic model to explore the relationship between management of common pool resources used as an input in livestock production (common pastures) and the adoption of inputs associated with intensified per animal production (veterinary services, purchased fodder, feed concentrates, etc.). Theoretically, it is shown that better managed pastures should lead to increased adoption of complementary inputs but decrease adoption of substitute inputs; impacts on stock levels, however, are ambiguous. An empirical model is developed and applied to data collected in northeast Burkina Faso in 2000 and 2002. Results indicate that better managed pastures, proxied by community-level cooperative capacity indices, are indeed...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Burkina Faso; Game theory; Common property; Livestock; Collective action; Pastoralism; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50063

Methods of concensus building for community based fisheries management in Bangladesh and the Mekong delta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sultana,   Parvin; Thompson,   Paul M.
A method of consensus building for management of wetlands and fisheries using a systematic approach to participatory planning and initially developed in Bangladesh is now being applied in both Bangladesh and the Mekong delta. The method recognizes diversity in livelihoods and works through a structured learning and planning process that focuses on common interests. It works with each category of stakeholder separately to prioritize the natural resource problems that their livelihoods are largely dependent on, they then share and agree common priorities in plenary. Then the stakeholder groups separately analyze possible solutions and their impacts, before meeting in plenary to share their analysis and form a consensus on win-win solutions. The process...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Vietnam; Action research; Consensus building; Participatory process; Collective action; Social capital; Wetlands; Natural resource management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55445

Gender Differences in Mobilization for Collective Action: Case Studies of Villages in Northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Abdulwahid,   Saratu.
Men and women participate in collective action for different purposes in northern Nigeria. Field work conducted in six villages show that while men engage in community activities such as road repairs, maintenance of schools and hospitals, refuse collection and maintenance of the traditional village government, women mobilize around activities such as savings, house and farm work and care giving. It is argued that men mobilize around community activities outside the home because of their public orientation and because they want to maintain their dominance of that space. Women, in contrast, mobilize around activities in keeping with their domestic orientation and traditional roles such as care giving and housework. Religion also influences the extent of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Northern Nigeria; Gender; Collective action; Community participation; Social capital; Village associations; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50069

Smallholder Farmers and Collective Action: What Determines the Intensity of Participation?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Elisabeth; Qaim,   Matin.
Collective action has become an important strategy for smallholders in developing countries to remain competitive in rapidly changing markets. However, within farmer groups, the commitment of individual members can vary, as the expected net benefits are not the same for all individuals, and opportunities to free-ride exist. Since the benefits of collective action emerge primarily through the exploitation of economies of scale, low participation rates in joint activities may put a serious threat to the success and viability of farmer groups. This article investigates determinants of smallholder participation intensity and free-riding, using the example of banana groups in Kenya. The results suggest that family labor availability and previous benefits that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Participation intensity; Smallholder farmers; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; D23; D71; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108551

Scaling up HIV/AIDS intervention through expanded partnerships (STEPs) in Malawi
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kadiyala,   Suneetha.
Includes bibliographical references.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Capacity strengthening; HIV/AIDS; Collective action; Community organizations; Community mobilization; Scaling up; Community-driven development (CDD); Civil society; Government Policy; Africa; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60399

Collective Action for the Conservation of On-Farm Genetic Diversity in a Center of Crop Diversity: An Assessment of the Role of Traditional Farmers’ Networks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badstue,   Lone B.; Bellon,   Mauricio R.; Berthaud,   Julien; Ramirez,   Alejandro; Flores,   Dagoberto; Juarez,   Xochitl; Ramirez,   Fabiola.
This project explored the possible role of collective action among small-scale farmers in managing and maintaining genetic resources in a center of crop diversity. It focused on the local institutions that ensure the supply of seed of diverse maize landraces to small-scale farmers in the Central Valleys of Oaxaca, Mexico. The key hypothesis was that the medium-to-long-term supply of a diverse set of varieties to any individual smallscale maize farmer depends on an agreement among a group of farmers to manage and supply the seed of these landraces to each other, if the need arises, and that this constitutes a form of collective action. Six communities were studied, three of them indepth. Methodologies used included in-depth semi-structured interviews with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Maize; Small-scale farmers; Informal seed systems; Genetic resources; Mexico; Collective action; Crop Production/Industries; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50067

Collective Action for Water Harvesting Irrigation in Lerma-Chapala Basin, Mexico
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Scott,   Christopher A.; Silva-Ochoa,   Paula.
Water and watersheds are difficult to separate for management purposes. Providing irrigation as a supplement to rainfall for crop production requires considerable collective action at the watershed level to mobilize labor and other resources, as well as to make decisions and implement the distribution of benefits. Small- scale water harvesting irrigation systems in Mexico have endured for centuries. They now face considerable challenges with changes in the ejido property rights over land and water, the growing importance of alternative sources of livelihoods, and increasing scarcity and competition for water within the river basins. Two case studies of water harvesting irrigation systems in the Lerma-Chapala Basin illustrate the response of communities to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Irrigation; Watershed; Water harvesting; Water; Collective action; Property rights; Mexico; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50057

Collective Action to Secure Property Rights for the Poor: A Case Study in Jambi Province, Indonesia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komarudin,   Heru; Siagian,   Yuliana L.; Colfer,   Carol.
This study presents an approach to analyzing decentralized forestry and natural resource management and land property rights issues, and catalyzing collective action among villages and district governments. It focuses on understanding the current policies governing local people’s access to property rights and decision making processes, and learning how collective action among community groups and interaction among stakeholders can enhance local people’s rights over lands, resources, and policy processes for development. The authors applied participatory action research in two villages, one each in the Bungo and Tanjabbar districts of Jambi province (Sumatra), Indonesia, to facilitate identification of priorities through phases of planning, action,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decentralization; Natural resource management; Forest; Collective action; Property rights; Action research; Indonesia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44363

Farmers' Rights and Protection of Traditional Agricultural Knowledge
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brush,   Stephen B.
Although achieving in situ conservation is possible without changing farmers’ customary management of crops as common pool resources, an alternative approach is to negotiate a bioprospecting contract with providers of the resource that involves direct payment and royalties. This bioprospecting mechanism implies a change in the customary treatment of crop genetic resources as common pool goods and is in line with national ownership mandated by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). This paper questions the value of bioprospecting for protecting traditional agricultural knowledge and argues for a common pool approach. It examines the nature of crop genetic resources and farmers’ knowledge about them, and it analyzes the nature of the ‘common heritage’...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Genetic resources; Collective action; Bioprospecting; Conservation; Farm Management.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42491

Localizing Demand and Supply of Environmental Services: Interactions With Property Rights, Collective Action and the Welfare of the Poor
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Swallow,   Brent M.; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; van Noordwijk,   Meine.
Payments for environmental services (PES) are increasingly discussed as appropriate mechanisms for matching the demand for environmental services with the incentives of land users whose actions modify the supply of those environmental services. While there has been considerable discussion of the institutional mechanisms for PES, relatively little attention has been given to the inter-relationships between PES institutions and other rural institutions. This paper presents and builds upon the proposition that both the function and welfare effects of PES institutions depend crucially on the co-institutions of collective action (CA) and property rights (PR). Experience from around the developing world has shown that smallholder land users can be efficient...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Payment for environmental services; Poverty reduction; Collective action; Property rights; Rural institutions; Smallholders; Welfare effects; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42488

Seasoning a Monopsonic Processor for Collective Action amongst Pepper Producers in Costa Rica
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Saenz-Segura,   Fernando J.F.; Schipper,   Robert A.; D'Haese,   Marijke F.C.
The small-scale pepper producers in the El Roble settlement Costa Rica face a monopsonistic market. Only one processing firm is buying the fresh pepper bunches. The processor has all bargaining power to decide on the price paid to the farmers and the quality selection criteria. The rejection rates are high, which is why farmers decided to market their pepper collectively. They started organizing the selection and transport of pepper and entered into group contracts with the firm. We use a non-linear integer simulation model to predict the price level and contractual form (individual or group contracts) which maximises the income of the firm and farmers under three conditions, namely, monopsony (firm holds all bargaining power), monopoly (producers hold all...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Contracts; Institutional development; Costa Rica; Pepper; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; O2; Q13; D4; D7.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25789

Unmaking the Commons: Collective Action, Property Rights, and Resource Appropriation among (Agro-) Pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu; Korf,   Benedikt.
In Ethiopian development policies, pastoralist areas have recently attracted more attention. However, much debate and policy advice is still based on assumptions that see a sedentary lifestyle as the desirable development outcome for pastoralist communities. This paper investigates current practices of collective action and how these are affected by changing property rights in the pastoralist and agro– pastoralist economies of three selected sites in eastern Ethiopia. We describe forms of collective action in water and pasture resource management and analyze how changing property rights regimes affect incentives for collective action. We illustrate the distributional effects these practices are having on (agro–) pastoralist communities and how these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pastoralism; Collective action; Property rights; Conflict; Ethiopia; Water management; Rangelands management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44361

ANALYSING THE LOW ADOPTION OF WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES BY SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN SOUTHERN AFRICA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perret,   Sylvain R.; Stevens,   Joe B.
Natural resource degradation and water scarcity are a global concern, which typically threatens the sustainability of smallholder farmers' livelihoods in semi-arid developing areas.  As part of research efforts, a number of water-conservation technologies (WCT) have been developed, yet with low adoption rates in smallholder farming environments.  This paper discusses the concepts of adoption and innovation, comparing the perspectives of research operators to the ones of smallholder farmers.  Discrepancies are highlighted and ultimately explain low uptake of technologies by farmer.  Then it addresses socio-economic factors affecting such adoption.  It is argued that WCT show specific traits: (1) diversity and applicability to different time and spatial...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Adoption; Innovation; Water conservation; Technologies; Collective action; Property rights; Sustainability; Livelihoods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18028

Women’s Collective Action and Sustainable Water Management: Case of SEWA’s Water Campaign in Gujarat, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Panda,   Smita Mishra.
This paper discusses the Self Employed Women’s Association’s (SEWA) Women, Water and Work Campaign which organizes women’s collective action in Gujarat, India to sustain local water management. Some of the significant factors that have sustained women’s collective action are the presence of strong grassroots institutions, the establishment of a technical cadre of women, the ability of women’s groups to transcend social barriers and continuous dialoguing with the state. Women have benefited in terms of increased income, reduced drudgery, improvements in the livelihoods of their families, reduced migration of both women and men and increased participation in SEWA’s other programs. The most important impact observed is the strengthening of women’s collective...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; India; Water management; Gender relations; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50065

Leveraging institutions for collective action to improve markets for smallholder producers in less-favored areas
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shiferaw,   Bekele A.; Obare,   Gideon A.; Geoffrey,   Muricho; Silim,   Said.
Using survey data from the community, producer marketing groups (PMGs) and farm households in Kenya, this paper investigates the potential of rural institutions (farmer organizations, their rules and enforcement mechanisms) for remedying pervasive market imperfections and facilitate access to new technology in rural areas. Qualitative and quantitative analyses show that while the functioning of markets is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination failures, PMGs present new opportunities for small producers through vertical and horizontal coordination of production and grain marketing. They pay 20 to 25% higher prices than other buyers and facilitate the adoption of improved varieties that help increase marketable surplus. Their accumulated...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market imperfections; Transaction costs; Institutions; Collective action; Producer marketing groups; Kenya; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56941

Industry-mandated testing to improve food safety: the new US marketing order for pistachios
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brunke,   Henrich; Alston,   Julian M.; Gray,   Richard S.; Sumner,   Daniel A.
Food safety shocks can threaten the health of consumers, create havoc within an industry and result in severe losses to producers. Governments often attempt to aid food safety by mandating standards and inspection of food products to supplement the efforts by private firms and industries. This article assesses a form of collective action that falls between typical government mandates and purely private action. The California pistachio industry recently established a U.S. federal marketing order, which sets quality standards and inspection to reduce the likelihood of dangerous or poor quality pistachios. Simulation results indicate that, across the full range of parameters used in the analysis, the benefit-cost analysis was always favorable to the new...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food safety; Food scare; Collective action; Marketing orders; Pistachios; Public good; Food regulations; Cost-benefit analysis; Agribusiness; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97502

Property Rights, Collective Action, and Poverty: The Role of Institutions for Poverty Reduction
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: di Gregorio,   Monica; Hagedorn,   Konrad; Kirk,   Michael; Korf,   Benedikt; McCarthy,   Nancy; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Swallow,   Brent M.
This paper presents a conceptual framework on how institutions of property rights and collective action can contribute to poverty reduction, including through external interventions and action by poor people themselves. The first part of the paper examines the initial conditions of poverty, highlighting the role of assets, risks and vulnerability, legal structures and power relations. The latter part investigates the decision-making dynamics of actors—both poor and non-poor—and how they can use the tangible and intangible resources they have to shape their livelihoods and the institutions that govern their lives. The paper concludes with a discussion of how attention to property rights and collective action can improve the understanding of outcomes in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Property rights; Poverty reduction; Conceptual framework; Vulnerability; Power; Institutions; Wellbeing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44354

The Importance of Social Capital in Colombian Rural Agro-Enterprises
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Nancy L.; Suarez,   Ruth; Lundy,   Mark.
This paper characterizes and measures the contribution of social capital to the performance of 50 agroenterprises in Colombia. Using qualitative analysis we document how social capital performs a variety of functions in firms, including providing access information via networks of contacts, reducing transactions costs in contracting via trust, and sustaining capacity for collective action. To estimate social capital's contribution to firm structure and performance, quantitative indicators of firm-level use of social capital are developed based on the number and strength of relationships that firms maintain. Econometric analysis finds that firm-level returns to relationships are high, higher than to physical or human capital. The results suggests that while...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Social capital; Collective action; Institutions; Colombia; Agroenterprises; Networks; Agribusiness; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50059

Fluctuating Fortunes of a Collective Enterprise: The Case of the Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in the Philippines
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Catacutan,   Delia; Bertomeu,   Manuel; Arbes,   Lyndon; Duque,   Caroline; Butra,   Novie.
The Agroforestry Tree Seeds Association of Lantapan (ATSAL) in Bukidnon province, southern Philippines was organized in 1998, facilitated by the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF). Farmers were trained on germplasm collection, processing and marketing of agroforestry tree seeds and seedlings. ATSAL has been marketing various tree seeds and seedlings with apparent success, and has provided training on seed collection and nursery management to farmers, government technicians, and workers from non-government organizations (NGOs). This paper reports on the initial results of an on-going study to assess the effectiveness of ATSAL’s marketing strategy, including group dynamics, and the issues and challenges the group faces. It was found that during the first two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Niche marketing; Agroforestry seeds; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44349

Linking Collective Action to Non-Timber Forest Product Market for Improved Local Livelihoods: Challenges and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Komarudin,   Heru; Siagian,   Yuliana L.
The paper draws on findings from research in South Sulawesi and Jambi Provinces, Indonesia, looking at the role of collective action in helping two local community groups enhance their bargaining power vis a vis other market players (such as collectors, small- and large-scale industries) and promote an increased demand for non-timber forest products. The first group has traditionally collected rattan (Calamus sp) from surrounding forests and was struggling to sell their products at a better price amid market uncertainties and the lack of supportive government policies. The second one was involved in the propagation of another high-value rattan species, widely known as Dragon Blood (Daemonorops sp), in anticipation of an increased market demand for this...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Market access; Smallholder; Livelihood; NTFP; Action research; Indonesia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44346

Methods for Studying Collective Action in Rural Development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; di Gregorio,   Monica; McCarthy,   Nancy.
With renewed recognition of the importance of collective action in many aspects of agriculture, natural resource management, and rural development programs in developing countries, there is a need for research on the factors that affect its emergence, as well as its performance. Yet because of its dynamic nature, collective action is difficult to measure and study. This article discusses ways of conceptualizing collective action to provide researchers from various disciplines with a basic framework for understanding and studying collective action. It highlights specific features of collective action that are relevant to identify best practice methodological approaches and research techniques. The main part of the paper then describes how collective action...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Research methods; Collective action; Institutions; Social capital; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50062

Performance payments for carnivore conservation in Sweden
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zabel,   Astrid; Holm-Muller,   Karin.
Solving carnivore-livestock conflicts is essential if goals to preserve biodiversity conservation are taken seriously and livelihoods especially of poor livestock owners are to be safeguarded. This paper presents an innovative performance payment approach for carnivore conservation, that has been successfully implemented in Sweden. Performance payments are made to reindeer herding Sami villages for certified carnivore offspring on the villages’ territories. First results support the assumption that this approach has the potential to solve many problems inherent to conventional compensation schemes. A well designed common pool regime is deemed necessary to direct the incentives set by the internal distribution of the performance payments toward collective...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Performance payments; Carnivore conservation; Sweden; Collective action; Environmental Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57031

Coordination of collective action in the agro-food sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Vuylsteke,   Anne; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
Collaboration between stakeholders in the agro-food sector is nowadays a common phenomenon. Despite the huge diversity observed, this paper argues that collective action always results in the establishment of a collective organization (whether formally organized or not), which is characterized by the presence of a coordination centre. This organism represents all partners united in the collective and performs tasks by order of the individual members and the group. From a theoretical point of view, all collective organizations qualify as hybrid organizations, which can be studied through the lens of Transaction Costs Economics. Hybrids governance structures are a large set of arrangements that are situated between markets and hierarchies. When organizing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Coordination mechanisms; Hybrid governance structures; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44263

Productores de flor de corte de la comunidad de Francisco Zarco, en el municipio de Tenancingo, Estado de México: ¿Un caso exitoso de acción colectiva?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gonzalez,   D.I.S.; Gonzalez,   D.J.G.; Garcia,   V.R.; Ramirez,   H.J.J.
The idea of territory comprises a complex relationships net, its dynamics is understood by the geographical proximity, the rural agroindustry organization (AIR) and the way in which all of them are related with territory external actors. Despite the fact that between territory actors exist differences, collective action theory focuses on the actor´s capacity to group in order to reach common goals, and from these goals, manage their resources, creating opportunities and/or benefits for the group; the success or failure of collective action strategies depends on internal or external factors and it also depends on the context in terms of territory. The presence of trust and cooperation favors the structural collective action and may promote an increase in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Floriculture; Rural agroindustry.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95028

USER PARTICIPATION IN WATERSHED MANAGEMENT AND RESEARCH
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Johnson,   Nancy L.; Ravnborg,   Helle Munk; Westermann,   Olaf; Probst,   Kirsten.
Many watershed development projects around the world have performed poorly because they failed to take into account the needs, constraints, and practices of local people. Participatory watershed management—in which users help to define problems, set priorities, select technologies and policies, and monitor and evaluate impacts—is expected to improve performance. User participation in watershed management raises new questions for watershed research, including how to design appropriate mechanisms for organizing stakeholders and facilitating collective action. Management of a complex system such as a watershed may also require user participation in the research process itself. An increasing number of watershed research projects are already participatory,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Watershed; Participatory watershed management; Participation; Research; Collective action; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55439

Assessing the Factors Underlying Differences in Group Performance: Methodological Issues and Empirical Findings from the Highlands of Central Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Place,   Frank; Kariuki,   Gatarwa; Wangila,   Justine; Kristjanson,   Patricia; Makauki,   Adolf; Ndubi,   Jessica.
This paper examines the performance of rural groups in Kenya and addresses the methodological issues and challenges faced in doing this, and presents the empirical evidence regarding various hypothesized explanatory factors for relative performance levels. Eighty-seven groups and 442 households were surveyed using several approaches. Various performance measures were tested. Both descriptive analysis and regression models were used to gain a better understanding of the group-level and household-level factors that explain performance. Collective action is desired and practiced for a large number of tasks. The findings highlight the incredible number, diversity and dynamic nature of groups in the highlands of Kenya (and we suspect this finding is not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Natural resource management; Technology adoption; Institutions; Kenya; Calliandra; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50060

IN PURSUIT OF COMPARABLE CONCEPTS AND DATA ABOUT COLLECTIVE ACTION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Poteete,   Amy; Ostrom,   Elinor.
Research on collective action confronts two major obstacles. First, inconsistency in the conceptualization and operationalization of collective action, the key factors expected to affect collective action, and the outcomes of collective action hampers the accumulation of knowledge. Inconsistent terminology obscures consistent patterns. Second, the scarcity of comparable data thwarts evaluation of the relative importance of the many variables identified in the literature as likely to influence collective action. The International Forestry Resources and Institutions (IFRI) research program addresses both of these problems. Since its founding in 1993, the IFRI network of collaborating research centers has used a common set of methods and concepts to study...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutions; Forestry research; Forestry; Natural resource management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55444

Contributions of Social Capital Theory in Predicting Collective Action Behavior among Livestock Keeping Communities in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ouma,   Emily Awuor; Abdulai,   Awudu.
Social capital and collective action initiatives provide important avenues for access and uptake of improved livestock technologies through communal breeding programs among resource poor communities in developing countries. This study examines the factors that influence collective action behavior in crop-livestock and pastoralist production systems in Kenya by employing a binary logit model. The results show that age, gender of household members and education level of the household head exert significant influence on the decision to take up collective action. In addition, wealthy households are less likely to participate in collective action initiatives compared to the resource constrained. These results suggest that policies that encourage group formation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Communal breed improvement programs; Binary logit; Consumer/Household Economics; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49994

International conference on policy and institutional options for the management of rangelands in dry areas: workshop summary paper
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ngaido,   Tidiane; McCarthy,   Nancy; di Gregorio,   Monica.
The System-wide Program for Collective Action and Property Rights (CAPRi) sponsored an International Conference on Policy and Institutional Options for the Management of Rangelands in Dry Areas, May 7-11, 2001 in Hammamet, Tunisia. The conference focused on institutional aspects of rangeland management and brought together policy makers and researchers from North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and West Asia to discuss sustainable rangeland production strategies and livelihood of pastoral communities in dry areas. This conference summary paper contains summaries of the CAPRi sponsored research findings on institutional options for rangeland, policy makers’ interventions and reactions as well as the synthesis of discussion groups. These working groups evaluated...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Rangelands; Institutions; Natural resource management; Property rights; Collective action; Case studies; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; West Asia; North Africa; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50055

COOPERATION, COLLECTIVE ACTION AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN BURKINA FASO: A METHODOLOGICAL NOTE
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Dutilly-Diane,   Celine; Drabo,   Boureima.
This paper presents a detailed description of the applied methodology used to study collective action in natural resource management (NRM). Data were collected in 48 villages in northeastern Burkina Faso, at the community, institutional, household and market levels. The paper first discusses the analytical framework underlying the study of collective action, and then describes in detail the methods used to measure collective action and community-level cooperative capacity, and the determinants of cooperative capacity. We also describe data collection methods as well as potential problems in eliciting unbiased information. The impact of cooperative capacity on a variety of outcomes observed at both the community and household level is then presented in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Natural resource management; Burkina Faso; Cooperation; Social capital; Rangelands; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55441

Gender, Agricultural Commercialization, and Collective Action in Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fischer,   Elisabeth; Qaim,   Matin.
With the commercialization of agriculture, women are increasingly disadvantaged because of persistent gender-disparities in access to productive resources. Farmer collective action that intends to improve smallholder access to markets and technology could potentially accelerate this trend. Here, we use survey data of small-scale banana producers in Kenya to investigate the gender implications of recently established farmer groups. Traditionally, banana has been a women’s crop in Kenya. Our results confirm that the groups contribute to increasing male control over banana. While male control over banana revenues does not affect household food security, it has a negative marginal effect on dietary quality. We demonstrate that the negative gender implications...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Market access; Agricultural technology; Household food security and nutrition; Kenya; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; D71; J16; O12; O13; O31; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121229

Institutional Innovations for Smallholder Compliance with International Food Safety Standards: Experiences from Kenya, Ethiopian and Zambian Green Bean Growers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Okello,   Julius Juma; Narrod,   Clare A.; Roy,   Devesh.
Many African countries have moved into the production of non-traditional agricultural products to diversify their exports and increase foreign currency earnings. Accessing developed country markets requires meeting food safety standards brought about by several demand and supply side factors. Food retailers in the EU, the major destination market, have developed protocols relating to pesticide residue limits, field and packinghouse hygiene, and traceability. In this changing scenario where food safety requirements are getting increasingly stringent, there are worries that companies that establish production centers in LDCs might exclude smallholder farmers. In this paper, we study the cases of green beans production in Ethiopia, Kenya and Zambia for export...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: International food safety standards; Compliance; Smallholder farmers; Institutional arrangements; Collective action; Producer organizations; Public-private partnerships; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52183

Halting the rural race to the bottom: an evolutionary model of rural development to analyse neo-endogenous policies in the EU
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Petrick,   Martin.
The article contributes to the understanding of neo-endogenous rural development policies from the perspective of evolutionary game theory. Rural development is modelled as the increasing realisation over time of gains from interaction by rural stakeholders. The model exhibits two dynamically stable equilibria, which depict declining and prospering regions. Neo-endogenous policies are interpreted as stimuli emerging from an external government authority which help decentralised actors to coordinate on the superior of the two equilibria. External intervention may thus be possible and desirable without giving up the autonomy of local decision makers. However, because initial conditions matter, outcomes cannot be planned or engineered from the outside.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural governance; Neo-endogenous policies; Evolutionary game theory; Collective action; Community/Rural/Urban Development; C73; R23; R58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94897

Gender and collective action: A conceptual framework for analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pandolfelli,   Lauren; Meinzen-Dick,   Ruth Suseela; Dohrn,   Stephan.
This paper presents a framework for investigating the intersection of collective action and gender; i.e. how gender-oriented analysis can foster more effective collective action in the context of agriculture and natural resource management and how collective action can be used as a vehicle for gender equity. We begin with definitions of the key concepts and then present three entry points for a gendered analysis of collective action-motivations, effectiveness, and impact on gender equity- vis-à-vis the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework (Oakerson 1992; Ostrom 1991). At the heart of this framework is the action arena, which is shaped by a host of initial conditions, including asset endowments, vulnerabilities, and legal and governance...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Gender; Collective action; Motivation; Effectiveness; Impact; Action resources; Institutional change.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47667

Institutional Innovations Towards Gender Equity in Agrobiodiversity Management: Collective Action in Kerala, South India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Padmanabhan,   Martina Aruna.
The maintenance of crop diversity on farmers’ fields in hot spots of plant genetic diversity is considered a ”global life insurance policy“ in the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD 2001:1). This paper provides evidence of the importance of the contribution of poor women farmers to the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources (PGR) for food and agriculture. As a consequence, its equitable recognition and economic reward is a key issue in the sustainable management of agrobiodiversity. The present investigation into the institutions governing PGR, with special emphasis on gender equity and collective action, focuses on the identification of innovative institutions with special focus on women’s interests. The paper considers empirical...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Gender; Agrobiodiversity management; Collective action; India; Institutional change; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50068

Are Geographical Indications a way to "decommodify" the coffee market?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Galtier,   F.; Belletti,   Giovanni; Marescotti,   Andrea.
The commodity nature of green coffee is the main cause of “the coffee paradox” (decreasing prices at production level and rising prices at consumption level). So, a requirement to reach a less unfair distribution of the added value between the supply chain would be to “decommodify” the coffee market not only at the final consumer level, but also at the production level. Certifications (like Fair Trade, Organic, Rainforest Alliance, Utz Kapeh, or Birdfriend) are often presented as a way to reach this result, but according to some authors these schemes seem to be rather an extension of the standardization wave to new quality attributes (linked to social and/or environmental characteristics of the production process). Geographical indications (GIs) seems to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Geographical Indications; Collective action; Marketing.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43834

Rural institutions and producer organizations in imperfect markets: experiences from producer marketing groups in semi-arid eastern Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shiferaw,   Bekele A.; Obare,   Gideon A.; Muricho,   Geoffrey.
Many countries in sub-Saharan Africa have liberalized markets to improve efficiency and enhance market linkages for smallholder farmers. The expected positive response by the private sector in areas with limited market infrastructure has however been disappointing. The functioning of markets is constrained by high transaction costs and coordination problems along the production-to-consumption value chain. New kinds of institutional arrangements are needed to reduce these costs and fill the vacuum left when governments withdrew from markets in the era of structural adjustments. One of these institutional innovations has been the strengthening of producer organizations and formation of collective marketing groups as instruments to remedy pervasive market...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market imperfections; Transaction costs; Farmer organizations; Institutions; Collective action; Semi-arid tropics; Kenya; Marketing.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50066

Crystallisation of Collective Action in the Emergence of a Geographical Indication System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Paus,   Marguerite; Reviron,   Sophie.
Replaced with revised version of paper 09/20/11.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Geographical indications; Clusters; Translation cycles; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95212

Community Watershed Management in Semi-Arid India: The State of Collective Action and its Effects on Natural Resources and Rural Livelihood
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shiferaw,   Bekele A.; Kebede,   Tewodros A.; Reddy,   V. Ratna.
Spatial and temporal attributes of watersheds and the associated market failures that accelerate degradation of agricultural and environmental resources require innovative institutional arrangements for coordinating use and management of resources. Effective collective action (CA) allows smallholder farmers to jointly invest in management practices that provide collective benefits in terms of economic and sustainability gains. The Government of India takes integrated watershed management (IWM) as a key strategy for improving productivity and livelihoods in the rain-fed and drought-prone regions. This study investigates the institutional and policy issues that limit effective participation of people in community watershed programs and identifies key...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Institutions; Property rights; Watershed management; Poverty; Environmental impacts; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44358

Collective Action and Marketing of Underutilized Plant Species: The Case of Minor Millets in Kolli Hills, Tamil, Nadu, India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gruere,   Guillaume P.; Nagarajan,   Latha; King,   E.D.I. Oliver.
Minor millets are examples of underutilized plant species, being locally important but rarely traded internationally with an unexploited economic potential. In the Kolli hills of Tamil Nadu, India, a genetically diverse pool of minor millet varieties are grown by the tribal farming communities to meet their subsistence food needs. Most of these minor crops were not traded outside the farming community. Despite a consumption preference among the farming communities for minor millets, in the recent past the acreage under minor millet crops have declined considerably due to the availability of substitute cash crops. As a response, the M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation (MSSRF) based in Chennai has led targeted conservation cum commercialization intervention...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Underutilized species; Agricultural marketing; Collective action; Agrobiodiversity; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47910

Collective Action and Vulnerability: Burial Societies in Rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dercon,   Stefan; Hoddinott,   John; Krishnan,   Pramila; Woldehanna,   Tassew.
Collective action can help individuals, groups, and communities achieve common goals, thus contributing to poverty reduction. Drawing on longitudinal household and qualitative community data, the authors examine the impact of shocks on household living standards, study the correlates of participation in groups and formal and informal networks, and discuss the relationship of networks with access to other forms of capital. In this context, they assess how one form of collective action, iddir, or burial societies, help households attenuate the impact of illness. They find that iddir effectively deal with problems of asymmetric information by restricting membership geographically, imposing a membership fee, and conducting checks on how the funds were spent....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Burial societies; Shocks; Vulnerability; Poverty; Networks; Ethiopia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44356

Collective Action for Small-Scale Producers of Agricultural Biodiversity Products
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kruijssen,   Froukje; Keizer,   Menno; Giuliani,   Alessandra.
The role of well-functioning markets for development is now widely recognized, however the challenge remains to make these markets benefit the poor and the environment. Increasing attention is being given to the potential role markets can play for agrobiodiversity conservation through product diversification and increasing competitiveness in niche and novelty markets. Bioversity International has undertaken several studies that explore the use of market-based approaches to on-farm agrobiodiversity management and livelihood improvement. Case studies have been developed on a range of species, varieties and derived products, including underutilized species and commodities in several regions of the world. This paper explores how the theory of collective action...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; Market chain; Market access; Livelihoods; Collective action; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50002

Collective Action for Innovation and Small Farmer Market Access: The Papa Andina Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Devaux,   Andre; Velasco,   Claudio; Lopez,   Gaston; Bernet,   Thomas; Ordinola,   Miguel; Pico,   Hernan; Thiele,   Graham; Horton,   Douglas.
The Andean highlands are home to some of the poorest rural households in South America. Native potato varieties and local knowledge for their cultivation and use are unique resources possessed by farmers in these areas. As the forces of globalization and market integration penetrate the Andes, they present both challenges and opportunities for farmers there. This paper reports on how the Papa Andina Regional Initiative is promoting the use of collective action to reduce poverty in the Andes, by developing market niches and adding value to potatoes, particularly the native potatoes grown by poor farmers. Since 1998, Papa Andina has worked with partners in Bolivia, Ecuador and Peru to stimulate pro-poor innovation within market chains for potato-based...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Potatoes; Andean region; Participatory methods; Market chains; Innovation; Stakeholder platform; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47909

Escaping Poverty Traps? Collective Action and Property Rights in Post-War Rural Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weingart,   Anne; Kirk,   Michael.
This paper introduces and applies an analytical framework to study how formal and informal institutions influence socio–economic change and poverty reduction in rural Cambodia, giving specific reference to property rights and collective action. It focuses on emerging endogenous mechanisms of cooperation as well as on the role of external actors and instruments in forming or enhancing collective action institutions, and enforcing use and ownership rights among the rural poor. Within this framework key contextual factor, such as asset endowments, legal structures, and power relations, have an impact on poverty and rural livelihoods, but are also mediated and changed by property right regimes and local cooperation. Findings indicate that access to and use of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Property rights; Cambodia; Poverty traps; Natural resources; Rights; Common property; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44362

EVERYDAY FORMS OF COLLECTIVE ACTION IN BANGLADESH: Learning from Fifteen Cases
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Peter; Haque,   Rafiqul; Hasin,   Dilara; Aziz,   Md. Abdul; Begum,   Anowara.
This paper examines fifteen cases of collective action in six villages in rural Bangladesh. Collective action was defined broadly and identified from significant episodes in previous life-history research in the same villages. The types of collective action identified were catalyzed by marriage; dowry and domestic violence; disputes over land; illness, injury and death in accidents; and theft and cheating. The role of development NGOs was less significant than would be expected considering their visibility in rural Bangladesh. The study suggests that ‘everyday forms’ (Scott 1985) of collective action often occur spontaneously and informally, with significant impact on peoples’ wellbeing, but with ambiguous outcomes for some poor people involved. This is a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Disputes; Bangladesh; Social norms; Gender; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50894

Smallholder dairy farmers’ group development in Bhutan: Strengthening rural communities through group mobilization
Provedor de dados: 106
Autores: Thubten Sonam; Niwat Martwanna.
This paper describes the mobilization processes of Smallholder Dairy Farmers’ Groups (SDFG) and its relevance to the process of community development in an integrated crop livestock forestry farming system in Bhutan. The group approach aims to ensure effective delivery of dairy services for strengthening collective self-help capacity, promoting self-reliance, group cooperation and solidarity of poor rural farmers through collective action. Data for the study were generated through focus group interviews and workshop organized for those stakeholders involved in formation and development of dairy farmers’ groups. The study found that the group mobilization processes demanded additional competences in managing the different stages of group formation and...
Tipo: Collection
Palavras-chave: Smallholder dairy farmers’ group; Collective action; Service delivery; Mobilization; Integrated crop-livestock-forestry farming systems; Bhutan; กลุ่มเกษตรกรผู้ผลิตนม; เกษตรกรรายย่อย; การสร้างความเข้มแข็งของชุมชน; ชุมชนชนบท; ระบบการทำฟาร์ม; การพัฒนาชุมชน; ภูฏาน.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5120