Consulta: subjectFacets:"Crop genetic resources"
Registros recuperados: 6
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 11:58:06

Rethinking the Risk Management Process for Genetically Engineered Crop Varieties in Small-scale, Traditionally Based Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cleveland, David A; University of California, Santa Barbara; cleveland@es.ucsb.edu; Soleri, Daniela; University of California, Santa Barbara; soleri@es.ucsb.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural biotechnology; Biological diversity; Biological invasion; Crop genetic resources; Farmer participation in risk evaluation; Gene flow; Genetic engineering; Risk analysis; Risk management process; Traditionally based agricultural systems compared with industrial agriculture systems; Transgenes; Transgenic crop varieties.
Ano: 2005

The Origin, Development And Structure Of Demand For Plant Genetic Resources. The Impact Of The In Trust Agreements To The CGIAR Collections Availability
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Caracciolo,   Francesco; Gotor,   Elisabetta; Holloway,   Garth J.; Watts,   Jamie.
The objective of this paper is to explore how the demand of germplasm held by CGIAR genebanks changed over time in order to assess the possible influence of the  1994 In Trust Agreements on germplasm demand. The proposed theoretic model motivates the realistic hypothesis that the consequences of the In-Trust Agreements lead to an enhancement of CGIAR germplasm utilization. Therefore the paper firstly examines the classical literature on biodiversity’s valuation and its recent developments and subsequently it investigates the origin of the agricultural biodiversity’s economic value, providing a basic conceptual framework to infer on factors determining the demand for germplasm. Two Bayesian estimation frameworks are applied to the IRRI accessions...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Crop genetic resources; Germplasm collection; Search theoretic framework; Count data; Changepoints; O19; Q18; Q57; C11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36773

THE DEMAND FOR CROP GENETIC RESOURCES: INTERNATIONAL USE OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Smale,   Melinda; Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Zohrabian,   Armineh; Hodgkin,   T.
In contrast to a perception that ex situ collections of germplasm are rarely used, this empirical case study reveals large quantities of germplasm samples distributed by the U.S. National Germplasm System to many types of scientific institutions located in numerous countries around the world. Distributions favor developing countries in several ways including the numbers of samples shipped, utilization rates in crop breeding programs, and the secondary benefits brought about through sharing this germplasm with other scientists. Expected future demand is also greater among scientists in developing countries. These findings underscore the importance to global science and technology of retaining such resources in the public domain.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; Crop genetic resources; Plant breeding; Germplasm collection; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16086

SUSTAINABLE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF CROP GENETIC RESOURCES: LANDRACES ON HUNGARIAN SMALL FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birol,   Ekin; Smale,   Melinda; Gyovai,   Agnes.
Crop genetic resources are natural assets that are necessary for future crop improvement. In isolated, marginal production environments where markets function imperfectly, farm families depend on them directly for food. In recognition of their importance, international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture encourage national governments to support their sustainable use and management, on farms and in gene bank collections. Hungary is a signatory to these international agreements. The aim of this study is to contribute research-based information to support the design of efficient and equitable conservation programmes for socially valuable crop landraces...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop genetic resources; Landraces; Farm household model; Poisson Hurdle model; Sustainable use and management; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31935

INTERNATIONAL EXCHANGE OF GENETIC RESOURCES, THE ROLE OF INFORMATION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR OWNERSHIP: THE CASE OF THE U.S. NATIONAL PLANT GERMPLASM SYSTEM
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Day-Rubenstein,   Kelly A.; Smale,   Melinda.
Changing perceptions of resource ownership have altered international exchange of genetic resources. After summarizing the role of genebanks and issues related to property regimes, this paper presents an empirical study of one of the largest national genebanks, the U.S. National Germplasm System. The demand for its genetic resources appears to be substantial, both domestically and internationally. Utilization rates are higher than suggested by past studies. The role of information in enhancing the usefulness of NPGS resources is explored with an econometric model that indicates that accompanying data make germplasm more useful. U.S. requestors account for most of the germplasm demanded, but developing countries appear to make greater use of these...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Crop genetic resources; Genebanks; Germplasm collection; Genetic resource management; Developing countries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60332

Computing Opportunity Costs of Growing Local Varieties for On-farm Conservation: Illustrations Using Sorghum Data from Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wale,   Edilegnaw; Mburu,   John G.; Estrella,   Jaime.
The recent shift of emphasis to on-farm conservation is driven by its diverse attractive features - participatory nature, dynamic nature, capacity to maintain not only crop diversity but the knowledge that evolves with it, the chance it offers and the challenge it brings to link conservation with farmers' livelihood. To make it operational, placing incentives and removal of perverse incentives are of critical importance. However, before placing sound incentives compatible to farmers' circumstances, the opportunity costs farmers face when using local varieties of public interest should be understood. This paper empirically examines farmers' opportunity costs of maintaining local varieties of sorghum using a household survey data collected from 198 sorghum...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Opportunity costs; Incentive design; On-farm conservation; Crop genetic resources; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25675