Consulta: subjectFacets:"Demography"
Registros recuperados: 22
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 14:47:16

El aprovechamiento y la estructura poblacional de Agave kerchovei Lem., en Tehuacán-Cuicatlán, México.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Brena Bustamante, Paulina.
El Valle de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán (VTC) es una provincia de gran riqueza etnoflorística en la que resalta el género Agave por su riqueza específica y los múltiples recursos que ofrece. Los agaves se reproducen por la vía sexual solo una vez en su ciclo de vida (semélparos). La información sobre Agave kerchovei Lem., “cacayas” (botones florales) o “Rabo de León” (planta) documenta que es de interés particular por el aprovechamiento de los botones florales. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el estado de dos poblaciones de A. kerchovei  mediante un análisis  etnobotánico, espacial y ecológico en dos áreas de aprovechamiento del VTC. En San Rafael, Puebla y San Gabriel Casa Blanca, Oaxaca, se realizaron entrevistas a hombres y mujeres; se describieron las...
Palavras-chave: Cacayas; Rabo de León; Etnobotánica; Reproducción; Germinación; Patrón de distribución; Demografía; Ethnobotany; Reproduction; Germination; Spatial distribution pattem; Demography; Maestría; Botánica.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/715

Effective population size and the genetic consequences of commercial whaling on the humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) from Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Cypriano-Souza,Ana Lúcia; da Silva,Tiago Ferraz; Engel,Márcia H.; Bonatto,Sandro L.
Abstract Genotypes of 10 microsatellite loci of 420 humpback whales from the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean population were used to estimate for the first time its contemporary effective (Ne) and census (Nc) population sizes and to test the genetic effect of commercial whaling. The results are in agreement with our previous studies that found high genetic diversity for this breeding population. Using an approximate Bayesian computation approach, the scenario of constant Ne was significantly supported over scenarios with moderate to strong size changes during the commercial whaling period. The previous generation Nc (Ne multiplied by 3.6), which should corresponds to the years between around 1980 and 1990, was estimated between ~2,600 and 6,800 whales (point...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Commercial whaling; Bottleneck; Humpback whale; Microsatellites; Demography.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572018000200253

Biotécnicas da reprodução animal aplicadas à conservação de cervídeos.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ZÚCCARI, C. E. S. N.; SERENO, J. R. B.
The present work aimed to present a literature research about two deer species - Blastocerus dichotomus (llliger, 1815) - Cervo-do-pantanal and Ozotocerus bezoarticus (Linnaeus, 1758) - Veado-campeiro, due to their importance in Central Brazil. The main aspects studied were: species biology, density and populational distribution; factors related to their decreased numbers; and the use of biotechniques of animal husbandry for propagation and conservation of deer, as environmental compensation. Using available data in the literature, it is possible to realize that depending on the region studied, both deer species showed population fluctuation in the past years. Apart local population density, both are part of the red data book on native Brazilian species of...
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cervo; Preservação; Preservation.; Biologia Animal; Densidade Demográfica; Reprodução Animal; Veado.; Cervidae; Demography; Reproduction; Zoology.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/570264

Comparative Analysis of Stability-Genetic Diversity in Seagrass (Posidonia oceanica) Meadows Yields Unexpected Results
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Arnaud-haond, Sophie; Marba, Nuria; Diaz-almela, Elena; Serrao, Ester A.; Duarte, Carlos M.
The diversity-stability relationship is the subject of a long-standing debate in ecology, but the genetic component of diversity has seldom been explored. In this study, we analyzed the interplay between genetic diversity and demographic responses to environmental pressures. This analysis included 30 meadows formed by the Mediterranean endemic seagrass, Posidonia oceanica, showing a wide range of population dynamics ranging from a near equilibrium state to steep decline due to strong environmental pressures close to aquaculture installations. Our results show that sedimentation rates are much better predictors of mortality than clonal or genetic components. An unexpected positive trend was observed between genotypic diversity and mortality, along with a...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Seagrass; Demography; Clonality; Genetic richness; Diversity-stability; Posidonia oceanica.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00006/11693/8498.pdf

Long-term studies of Littorina obtusata and Littorina saxatilis populations in the White Sea
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sergievsky, So; Granovitch, Ai; Sokolova, Im.
The results of a 14-year survey of the populations of L. saxatilis and L. obtusata from one locality in the Kandalaksha Bay of the White Sea are presented. The periwinkles were found to be hosts of 10 castrating trematode species. Microphallus piriformes was the most abundant species with infection prevalence often exceeding 50%. Year-to-year variation of the infection prevalence was correlated in the two host species, probably reflecting fluctuations in the influx of trematode eggs to the shore. Long-term changes in population density are associated with the variation of the age structure of the winkles, suggesting a dependence of the population density on the success of the recruitment. Fluctuations in abundance and age composition were correlated in L....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Long-term; Population dynamics; Demography; Littorina; Trematoda.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00093/20395/18062.pdf

How does fishing alter marine populations and ecosystems sensitivity to climate?
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Planque, Benjamin; Fromentin, Jean-marc; Cury, Philippe; Drinkwater, Kenneth F.; Jennings, Simon; Perry, R. Ian; Kifani, Souad.
Evidence has accumulated that climate variability influences the state and functioning of marine ecosystems. At the same time increasing pressure from exploitation and other human activities has been shown to impact exploited and non-exploited species and potentially modify ecosystem structure. There has been a tendency among marine scientists to pose the question as a dichotomy, i.e., whether (1) "natural" climate variability or (2) fishery exploitation bears the primary responsibility for population declines in fish populations and the associated ecosystem changes. However, effects of both climate and exploitation are probably substantially involved in most cases. More importantly, climate and exploitation interact in their effects, such that climate may...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Resilience; Marine ecosystems; Demography; Climate fishing interactions.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2010/publication-7384.pdf

Temporal trends in age and size at maturation of four North Sea gadid species: cod, haddock, whiting and Norway pout
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marty, Lise; Rochet, Marie-joelle; Ernande, Bruno.
Younger ages and smaller sizes at maturation have been observed in commercial fish stocks over the last century. We establish that age and length at 50% proportion mature (i.e. the proportion of mature individuals in a population or the probability that an individual is mature) decreased from the 1970s to the 2000s in North Sea cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus and whiting Merlangius merlangus, but not in Norway pout Trisopterus esmarkii. The potential contributions of demography, phenotypic plasticity and evolution to these trends were assessed. First, maturation trends were extricated from demographic effects and growth-dependent plasticity by estimating probabilistic maturation reaction norms (PMRNs). PMRN midpoints have significantly...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Probabilistic maturation reaction norm; Demography; Phenotypic plasticity; Fisheries-induced evolution; Life-history strategy; Maturity; Growth; Reproductive investment.
Ano: 2014
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00180/29152/27559.pdf

Longevity and fecundity of four species of Anastrepha (Diptera: Tephritidae)
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Joachim-Bravo,Iara S.; Magalhães,Tatiana C.; Silva Neto,Alberto M. da; Guimarães,Analice N.; Nascimento,Antônio S.
Studies on fruit fly longevity and fertility are important to understand their demographic aspects and to orient implantation of integrated management strategies. This study investigated the longevity of adult Anastrepha species A. fraterculus (Wiedemann), A. sororcula (Zucchi), A. zenildae (Zucchi) and A. obliqua (Macquart). The reproductive pattern was also assessed throughout the life of the species A. sororcula and A. obliqua and fertility at eighteen days of life of the four species. A. zenildae longevity was similar to A. sororcula, longer than A. fraterculus and followed by A. obliqua. No statistical difference between the sexes was observed, except for A. obliqua. The decrease in survival occurred fastest in A. obliqua followed by A. fraterculus...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Demography; Anastrepha obliqua; A. sororcula; A. fraterculus; A. zenildae.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2003000400003

Quelques aspects de la population de Lomé dans sa dynamique de peuplement
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Dovi, Q.
La croissance rapide de la ville de Lomé est l'un des facteurs qui ont influencé le plus 1e développement du Togo au cours du XXè siècle et marquera le XXIè siècle.
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Demography.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1198

Lomé, 100 ans de croissance démographique
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Janssens, M.
L' urbanisation constitue pour les pays d Afrique sub-saharienne l élément clé de son processus de peuplement. Commencé plus tard que dans les autres régions du monde, le peuplement s' est accéléré rapidement, donnant lieu à une mobilité vers les villes depuis la fin de la Deuxième Guerre mondiale et surtout après les indépendances (Snrech 1994, Dubresson 1996). La région entre dans un processus d urbanisation extrêmement rapide, caractérisé par un processus de restructuration et de concentration du peuplement au bénéfice des villescapitales. Kalasa (1993) caractérise la vitesse du processus d urbanisation comme tout à fait exceptionnelle, sans égale dans aucune région du monde ni à aucune autre époque.
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Demography.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1193

Fertility in South Dublin a Century Ago: A First Look
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guinnane,   Timothy W.; Moehling,   Carolyn M.; Grada,   Cormac O.
Ireland's relatively late and feeble fertility transition remains poorly-understood. The leading explanations stress the role of Catholicism and a conservative social ethos. This paper reports the first results from a project that uses new samples from the 1911 census of Ireland to study fertility in Dublin and Belfast. Our larger project aims to use the extensive literature on the fertility transition elsewhere in Europe to refine and test leading hypotheses in their Irish context. The present paper uses a sample from the Dublin suburb of Pembroke to take a first look at the questions, data, and methods. This sample is much larger than those used in previous studies of Irish fertility, and is the first from an urban area. We find considerable support for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ireland; Fertility; Demography; Labor and Human Capital; J1; N3.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28434

Macroeconomic Implications of Demography for the Environment: A Life-Cycle Perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pautrel,   Xavier.
This article studies how demography affects the outcome of the environmental policy in a macro-economic perspective, incorporating age-earning profiles in an OLG model à la Blanchard (1985) to capture the age structure effect of the demographic shocks. It first demonstrates, conversely to previous works of the related literature that a decrease in the birth rate may lower the steady-state per capita stock of physical capital even if the aggregate labor supply is exogenous. It also demonstrates that the ageing of population influences the macro-economic impact of the environmental policy according to the cause of the ageing and the life-cycle earnings assumption. Thus, with decreasing age-earning profiles, a lower birth rate reduces the detrimental impact...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Demography; Environment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q56.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50325

The Fertility of the Irish in America in 1910
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guinnane,   Timothy W.; Moehling,   Carolyn M.; Grada,   Cormac O.
In most western societies, marital fertility began to decline in the nineteenth century. But in Ireland, fertility in marriage remained stubbornly high into the twentieth century. Explanations of Ireland’s late entry to the fertility transition focus on the influence of the Roman Catholic Church in Irish society. These arguments are often backed up by claims that the Irish outside of Ireland behaved the same way. This paper investigates these claims by examining the marital fertility of Irish Americans in 1910 and produces three main findings. First, the Irish in America had smaller families than both the rural and urban Irish and their fertility patterns show clear evidence of fertility control. Second, despite the evidence of control, Irish-Americans...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ireland; United States; Fertility; Demography; Immigration; Labor and Human Capital; J13; N3.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28386

Profile of Hired Farmworkers, A 2008 Update
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kandel,   William.
Hired farmworkers make up a third of the total agricultural labor force and are critical to U.S. agricultural production, particularly in labor-intensive sectors such as fruits and vegetables. The hired farmworker labor market is unique because it includes a large population of relatively disadvantaged and often unauthorized workers, a portion of whom migrate to, and within, the United States. Recent economic and demographic trends, such as changing agricultural production methods that permit year-round employment, expanding immigrant populations in nonmetropolitan counties, and growing concerns over U.S. immigration policies, have elicited increased interest in hired farmworkers. This 2008 profile serves as an update to the 2000 Economic Research Service...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Hired farmworkers; Farm labor; Agriculture; Migrant; Immigrant; Farm structure; Demography; Legal status; Employment; Poverty; Housing; Social services; Health; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Labor and Human Capital; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56461

Mimosa splendida Barneby (Mimosoideae, Leguminosae) rediscovered in Central Brazil: preliminary studies for conservation of a rare species
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: Simon,Marcelo F.; Amaral,Marina F.
The poorly known Mimosa splendida Barneby has been rediscovered in the Chapada dos Veadeiros, Brazil, 105 years after its single record in 1895. Data on its habitat description, demography, reproductive parameters, and geographic range are presented. Preliminary results suggest that the rarity of M. splendida in herbarium collections is associated with a narrow geographic range, and a specialized habitat preference on rocky slopes.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Chapada dos Veadeiros; Demography; Endemism; Life history.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042003000100010

Population ecology of Paepalanthus polyanthus (Bong.) Kunth: demography and life history of a sand dune monocarpic plant
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: CASTELLANI,TÂNIA TARABINI; SCHERER,KARLA ZANENGA; PAULA,GISELLE DE SOUZA.
Aspects of population dynamics and life history of Paepalanthus polyanthus (Bong.) Kunth, a sand dune monocarpic plant, were evaluated. A five year study was carried out on three permanent plots (5 m x 5 m) in a sand dune slack at Joaquina beach, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. From December 1986 to June 1989, the population decreased due to the death of the post reproductive plants and a low emergence of seedlings. In June 1989, a great recruitment occurred, but no plants survived. The population re-established itself by 1990-1991. The emergence and high survival of seedlings depended on periods of high pluviosity. Nevertheless, the summer flooding and episodes of drought represented key factors in mortality. The birth and mortality rates varied among the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Demography; Monocarpic plant; Sand dune slack; Paepalanthus polyanthus.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042001000200001

Clonal growth and dispersal potential of Leiothrix flagellaris Ruhland (Eriocaulaceae) in the rocky grasslands of Southeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: Figueira,José Eugênio Côrtes; Del Sarto,Mário César Laboissiérè.
Leiothrix flagellaris is a small clonal plant that grows in sandy/rocky, nutrient poor soils in the rocky grasslands ("campos rupestres") of southeastern Brazil. In the rainy season most of their flower heads differentiate into small rosettes, produced by pseudovivipary, and connected to the mother-plant by flexible, elongated stalks that can reach up to 90cm. Most of these rosettes remain suspended over rocks or over the sparse herbaceous surrounding vegetation, while a few arch low enough to come into contact with the surrounding soil and take root. These suspended rosettes can reach diameters comparable to currently rooted and reproductively active rosettes produced during previous reproductive periods. As the rooted rosettes grow up, their potential to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Canopy development; Clonal reproduction; Demography; Dispersal; Pseudovivipary.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042007000400012

Estrutura e dinâmica de uma população de Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. em floresta higrófila do sudeste do Brasil
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: MARQUES,MÁRCIA C. M.; JOLY,CARLOS ALFREDO.
As estruturas de tamanho e espacial de uma população de Calophyllum brasiliense (Clusiaceae) foram estudadas em uma área de 3600 m2 de floresta higrófila localizada em Brotas, SP. No primeiro censo, foram marcados 1658 indivíduos e, após um ano, este número havia aumentado para 1706. A estrutura de tamanho não mudou durante o período de estudo, com predomínio de plântulas (indivíduos £ 0,2 m) e jovens (&amp;gt; 0,2 - 2 m) e menor número de subadultos (&amp;gt; 2 - 10 m) e adultos (&amp;gt; 10 m). A mortalidade em plântulas (29,7%) e jovens (5,3%) foi bem maior que em subadultos (0,7%) e adultos (0%), e teve como causa principal o soterramento na época chuvosa. O maior número de plantas novas concentrou-se nos locais mais baixos da área, onde sementes...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Swamp forest; Population dynamics; Demography; Calophyllum brasiliense.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042000000100012

Influence of different tropical fruits on biological and behavioral aspects of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae)
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Costa,Anne M.; Amorim,Francismare de O.; Anjos-Duarte,Cyntia S.; Joachim-Bravo,Iara S.
Influence of different tropical fruits on biological and behavioral aspects of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera, Tephritidae). Studies on Ceratitis capitata, a world fruit pest, can aid the implementation of control programs by determining the plants with higher vulnerability to attacks and plants able to sustain their population in areas of fly distribution. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the influence of eight tropical fruits on the following biological and behavioral parameters of C. capitata: emergence percentage, life cycle duration, adult size, egg production, longevity, fecundity, egg viability, and oviposition acceptance. The fruits tested were: acerola (Malpighia glabra L.), cashew (Anacardium...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Demography; Insects; Medfly; Nutritional ecology; Oviposition.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262011000300008

Determinants of capture-recapture success: an evaluation of trapping methods to estimate population and community parameters for Atlantic forest small mammals
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Barros,Camila S.; Püttker,Thomas; Pinotti,Bruno T.; Pardini,Renata.
ABSTRACT Efficiently obtaining high-quality data on animal populations and communities is paramount for ecological and conservation studies. In many instances these data come from live-trapping, the success of which depends on various factors, such as the interaction between the trap's mechanisms and the morphological or ecological characteristics of the animals, and weather conditions that can affect both trap efficiency and animal behavior. Integrative approaches that address the simultaneous effects of these factors on capture-recapture success are rare. Here we contribute to close this knowledge gap by focusing on a large capture-recapture dataset from three 2-ha grids monitored for approximately two years (totaling 55.000 traps-night) in the Morro...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Abundance; Biodiversity survey; Demography; Richness; Trapping protocol.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702015000500334

Demographic, clinical and lifestyle predictors for severity of erectile dysfunction and biomarkers level in Malaysian patients
Provedor de dados: 60
Autores: Mark,Raymond; Huri,Hasniza Zaman; Razack,Azad Hassan Abdul.
The incidence of erectile dysfunction (ED) is rising worldwide and its prevalence is one of the main health concerns that affect overall men well-being in Malaysia. The cluster of demographic, clinical and lifestyle factors may have contributed to the severity of ED and changes in biomarkers level; nevertheless these have not been studied extensively. This cross sectional study involved a total of 276 patients with 138 was diagnosed with ED. The demographic, clinical, lifestyle factors and severity of ED were assessed using a set of questionnaire and the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5). Meanwhile, Total Testosterone (TT) and Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels were determined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA)....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Erectile dysfunction/biomarker/clinical; Demography; Lifestyle; Men’s Health; Malaysia.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-82502018000300615

Demographic characteristics of owned dogs and cats of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Baquero,Oswaldo Santos; Chiozzotto,Evelyn Nestori; Garcia,Rita de Cassia Maria; Amaku,Marcos; Ferreira,Fernando.
A two-stage cluster sample design was used to estimate population parameters of dogs and cats of the urban area of Votorantim, São Paulo State, Brazil, to support the planning and implementation of population management programs for companion animals. For dogs, the total and density estimates were 27,241 dogs (95% confidence interval [CI]=23,903-30,578) and 951 dogs km-2 (95% CI=835-1,068), respectively. For cats, these estimates were 5,579 cats (95% CI=3,595-7,562) and 195 cats km-2 (95% CI=126-264). Cost was the most prevalent reason for not sterilizing the animals (33%, 95% CI=23%-44%, Deff=6.1). The percentage of interviewees that expressed reasons for abandoning their animals was equal to 9 (95% CI=5-13, Deff=2.1). Other estimates were obtained,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dogs; Cats; Population management; Demography; Sampling; Estimates.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782015001102039