Consulta: subjectFacets:"Diversification"
Registros recuperados: 76
Data/hora: 08/06/2024 16:30:32

Elección de un portafolio de inversión agrícola bajo la metodología de media-varianza y media-semivarianza.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: León Herrera, Albert.
El objetivo de esta investigación fue comparar el método propuesto por Harry Markowitz (media y varianza) y el método propuesto por Javier Estrada (media-semivarianza), en la elección de un portafolio de inversión, conformado por una mezcla diversificada de cultivos agrícolas. Los datos trabajados fueron rentabilidades de cinco productos agrícolas, mismos que fueron deflactados y de ellos se obtuvieron las ganancias del periodo 1979-2009. Ganancias que nos permitieron calcular la matriz de covarianzas de los productos agrícolas por ambos métodos. Posteriormente se realizo una simulación de 100 repeticiones de tamaño n=30, para obtener las rendimientos de cada producto mediante ambos métodos de solución, para presentar un histograma de frecuencias de cada...
Palavras-chave: Portafolio de inversión; Diversificación; Rentabilidad; Ganancia; Portfolio investment; Diversification; Profitability; Profit; Desarrollo rural; Maestría.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/664

Exploring Strategies that Build Livelihood Resilience: a Case from Cambodia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Marschke, Melissa J; York University; marschke@yorku.ca; Berkes, Fikret; University of Manitoba; berkes@cc.umanitoba.ca.
Livelihoods in Cambodian fishing communities are complex and dynamic. Fluctuations in resource abundance, seasonal cycles of resource use, and changes in access create conditions that bring challenges for rural households, as do economic and policy drivers. Nonetheless, people are continuously &amp;#8220;doing something&amp;#8221; in response to these stresses and shocks. This paper sets out to explore how households and community members attempt to mitigate against such challenges. The analysis of livelihood stresses and shocks in two Cambodian fishing villages shows that diversification is a commonly used strategy for coping and adapting. Analyzing responses at multiple scales, with emphasis on resilience-building strategies at household and community...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Cambodia; Diversification; Livelihood; Resilience; Scale; Uncertainty; Well-being.
Ano: 2006

Strengthening threatened communities through adaptation: insights from coastal Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Blythe, Jessica L.; University of Victoria; jessica.blythe@jcu.edu.au; Murray, Grant; Vancouver Island University; grant.murray@viu.ca; Flaherty, Mark; University of Victoria; flaherty@office.geog.uvic.ca.
Change is a defining characteristic of coastal social-ecological systems, yet the magnitude and speed of contemporary change is challenging the adaptive capacity of even the most robust coastal communities.  In the context of multiple drivers of change, it has become increasingly important to identify how threatened communities adapt to livelihood stressors.  We investigate how adaptation is negotiated in two coastal fishing communities by documenting livelihood stressors, household assets, adaptive strategies, and factors that facilitate or inhibit adaptation.  Declining catch is the most common stressor being experienced in both communities, however, socioeconomic, e.g., disease or theft, and ecological, e.g., severe storms and drought, changes are also...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Africa; Diversification; Intensification; Livelihoods; Small-scale fisheries.
Ano: 2014

Mechanisms of Resilience in Common-pool Resource Management Systems: an Agent-based Model of Water Use in a River Basin
Provedor de dados: 7
The concept of resilience is widely promoted as a promising notion to guide new approaches to ecosystem and resource management that try to enhance a system's capacity to cope with change. A variety of mechanisms of resilience specific for different systems have been proposed. In the context of resource management those include but are not limited to the diversity of response options and flexibility of the social system to adaptively respond to changes on an adequate scale. However, implementation of resilience-based management in specific real-world systems has often proven difficult because of a limited understanding of suitable interventions and their impact on the resilience of the coupled social-ecological system.  We propose an agent-based modeling...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Agent-based model; Amudarya; Diversification; Fisheries; Irrigation; Mechanism; Resilience; River basin; Social-ecological system; Water use.
Ano: 2007

Dealing with Uncertainty in Flood Management Through Diversification
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H.; ; jeroen.aerts@ivm.falw.vu.nl; Botzen, Wouter; ; Wouter.Botzen@ivm.falw.vu.nl; Veen, Anne van der; ; a.vanderveen@ctw.utwente.nl; Krywkow, Joerg; ; j.krywkow@ctw.utwente.nl; Werners, Saskia; ; Saskia.Werners@wur.nl.
This paper shows, through a numerical example, how to develop portfolios of flood management activities that generate the highest return under an acceptable risk for an area in the central part of the Netherlands. The paper shows a method based on Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) that contributes to developing flood management strategies. MPT aims at finding sets of investments that diversify risks thereby reducing the overall risk of the total portfolio of investments. This paper shows that through systematically combining four different flood protection measures in portfolios containing three or four measures; risk is reduced compared with portfolios that only contain one or two measures. Adding partly uncorrelated measures to the portfolio diversifies...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive water management; Diversification; Flood risk; Modern Portfolio Theory; Uncertainty; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2008

The Role of Rangelands in Diversified Farming Systems: Innovations, Obstacles, and Opportunities in the USA
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sayre, Nathan F; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley; nsayre@berkeley.edu; Carlisle, Liz; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley;; Huntsinger, Lynn; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California-Berkeley; huntsinger@berkeley.edu; Fisher, Gareth; Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California-Berkeley;; Shattuck, Annie; Department of Geography University of California-Berkeley;.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Ecosystem services; Ranching; Rangelands.
Ano: 2012

Comparative genomics of closely related Thermococcus isolates, a genus of hyperthermophilic Archaea
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Courtine, Damien.
The immense genomic diversity of microorganisms allows them to live everywhere, even in extreme environments such as deep hydrothermal vents. Scattered over the seabed, these are a good model for studying the biogeography and genomes diversification. A comparative genomics approach has been used on closely related isolates, of the genus Thermococcus. This work aimed at identifying mechanisms that have a role in the diversification of these genomes, and also to identify genes involved in this differentiation. For this purpose, two groups of about 20 isolates with different geographical origins were selected and sequenced.The geographical isolation resulting from colonization of new hydrothermal systems is likely to be a diversification and speciation factor...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Génomique comparative; Thermococcus; Diversification; Génome; Hyperthermophile; Comparative!genomics; Thermococcus; Diversification; Genome; Hyperthermophile.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00609/72141/70893.pdf

Locked in the icehouse: evolution of an endemic Epimeria (Amphipoda, Crustacea) species flock on the Antarctic shelf
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Verheye, Marie L.; Backeljau, Thierry; D'Acoz, Cedric D'Udekem.
The Antarctic shelf’s marine biodiversity has been greatly influenced by the climatic and glacial history of the region. Extreme temperature changes led to the extinction of some lineages, while others adapted and flourished. The amphipod genus Epimeria is an example of the latter, being particularly diverse in the Antarctic region. By reconstructing a time-calibrated phylogeny based on mitochondrial (COI) and nuclear (28S and H3) markers and including Epimeria species from all oceans, this study provides a temporal and geographical framework for the evolution of Antarctic Epimeria. The monophyly of this genus is not supported by Bayesian Inference, as Antarctic and non-Antarctic Epimeria form two distinct well-supported clades, with Antarctic Epimeria...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Amphipoda; Southern ocean; Historical biogeography; Phylogeny; Divergence times; Diversification.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00386/49712/83605.pdf

Comparing spatial diversification and meta-population models in the Indo-Australian Archipelago
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Chalmandrier, Loic; Albouy, Camille; Descombes, Patrice; Sandel, Brody; Faurby, Soren; Syenning, Jens-christian; Zimmermann, Niklaus E.; Pellissier, Loic.
Reconstructing the processes that have shaped the emergence of biodiversity gradients is critical to understand the dynamics of diversification of life on Earth. Islands have traditionally been used as model systems to unravel the processes shaping biological diversity. MacArthur and Wilson's island biogeographic model predicts diversity to be based on dynamic interactions between colonization and extinction rates, while treating islands themselves as geologically static entities. The current spatial configuration of islands should influence meta-population dynamics, but long-term geological changes within archipelagos are also expected to have shaped island biodiversity, in part by driving diversification. Here, we compare two mechanistic models providing...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Allopatric speciation; Continental drift; Dispersal; Diversification; Meta-population model; Neutral model.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00602/71377/69825.pdf

Programme Coquille Saint-Jacques, filière technique de culture sur le fond. Bilan des contrats de plan 1983-1988 &amp; 1989-1993. 4. Evaluation économique de la diversification en coquille Saint-Jacques d'une entreprise conchylicole en ouverte
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Fleury, Pierre-gildas; Paquotte, Philippe.
This report is a technical and financial analysis of a project of a shellfish farm in open sea which diversifies with the implementation of a scallop activity. It lays out first the technical description of the project, its size and the choice of rearing standards. After the working out of investments, operating costs and expected receipts, the analysis deals with the marginal profitability of the scallop activity and the financial consequences of its implementation in the farm. Then, there is a discussion on the sensitiveness of the results to the variations of the technical and economic parameters and on different possible rearing strategies
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Analyse financière; Coquille Saint-Jacques; Diversification; Financial anaiysis; King scallop; Diversification.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00080/19082/16677.pdf

Micro-economic drivers of profitability in an ITQ-managed fishery: An analysis of the Queensland Coral Reef Fin-Fish Fishery
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Thebaud, Olivier; Innes, James; Norman-lopez, Ana; Slade, Stephanie; Cameron, Darren; Cannard, Toni; Tickell, Sharon; Kung, John; Kerrigan, Brigid; Williams, Lew; Little, L. Richard.
An economic survey of the commercial operators currently active in the Queensland Coral Reef Fin-Fish Fishery has been carried out, as part of a research project aimed at evaluating alternative management options for this fishery. This paper presents the background analysis used as a basis to develop the sampling design for this survey. The background analysis focuses on activity patterns of the fleet based on effort and catch information, as well as patterns of quota ownership. Based on this information, a fishing business profile describing the micro-economic structure of fishing operations is developed. This profile, in conjunction with the qualitative information gained in undertaking the economic surveys, allows preliminary understanding of the key...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Commercial fishing; Queensland Coral Reef Fin-Fish Fishery; Great Barrier Reef; Business structures; ITQs; Diversification.
Ano: 2014
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00250/36166/34749.pdf

Marine fish culture of "new species" farmed in Europe
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Suquet, Marc; Divanach, Pascal; Hussenot, Jerome; Coves, Denis; Fauvel, Christian.
In Europe, fish aquaculture in a marine environment developed following two successive waves: Atlantic salmon and then sea-bass and sea-bream. Rearing "new marine fish species" is sustained for many complementary reasons. This paper aims at presenting the aquaculture status of these "new species," research carried out and then problems and perspectives suggested by farming development in these species.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Species; Sea fishes; Fish culture; Europa; Diversification.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6558.pdf

Domestication of new species and sustainable development in fish culture
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Fontaine, Pascal; Legendre, Marc; Vandeputte, Marc; Fostier, Alexis.
How may fish domestication participate in sustainable development of aquaculture? The development of fish farming currently compensates for the stagnation of fishery catches while the market demand continues to increase. The development of fish farming relies on an active diversification of farmed fish species. A diversification based on the farming of native species could reduce the environmental impact of fish culture and could better fit to needs of local markets. Such development could also favour a more integrated local economy. In this context, the building of a generic approach for multi-species domestication is required to optimise the use of the technical and financial means available for fish culture diversification.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Sustainable development; Fish culture; Domestication; Diversification.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6557.pdf

Etude technique et économique de la filière de production intensive de la palourde japonaise Ruditapes philippinarum en marais
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Baud, Jean-pierre; Paquotte, Philippe; Ayel, Jean-philippe; Lepage, Claude.
A 20 g clam total weight was reached in 19 months at a 300.m-2 density using a mixture of sea water and Skeletonema costatum algae. Currently, initiating an intensive ongrowing clam business is not economically viable since the marketable value is at a record low of 30FF.kg-l . Phytoplankton production and sea water pumping cost effectiveness should be improved. However, a company's activities may be diversified using intensive clam rearing techniques but without labor staff increase.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Analyse financière; Ruditapes philippillarum; Diversification; Élevage intensif; Financial analysis; Manila clam; Diversification; Intensive ongrowing.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00103/21437/19015.pdf

Mise au point d'une méthode de sélection multicritère de nouvelles espèces de poissons marins potentiellement aptes à l'élevage
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Méro, David.
Finfish farming diversification is a reality nowadays in France: this work brings the interest of the whole commodity chain for new fish species. This report identifies the species criterions of choice from inquiries beside professionals of the commodity chain, proposes a selection method and tackles, in example, the choice of new species for fish farming in cages on the west coasts of France, from Bay of Biscay to the North Sea. ' Method is divided in two stages: firstly an elimkation stage, which aims are to select from the 25 000 fish species, potential species by using redhibitory postulates, secondly a position stage which classifies the remaining species. A list of 53 species is proposed. Selection has been stopped because of the shortage of data....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Pisciculture; Diversification; Nouvelles espèces; Poissons marins; Aide à la décision; Sélection multicritère; Marché; Transformation.
Ano: 1999
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00622/73448/72687.pdf

Selection method of new candidates for finfish aquaculture: the case of the French Atlantic, the Channel and the North Sea coasts
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Quemener, Loic; Suquet, Marc; Mero, David; Gaignon, Jean-louis.
At present, European marine fish farming is based on sea bream and sea bass. A trend for diversification is sustained by the diversity of environmental conditions, by the availability of new production techniques such as recirculating systems, by an increase in rearing yields, by new market trends and by the possibilities to reduce risks of disease outbreak. Already reared fish species were chosen considering a limited number of criteria such as a high selling price and the availability of juveniles or breeders in the wild. This paper proposes a new selection method of fish species as candidates for aquaculture development on the French Atlantic, the Channel and the North Sea coasts. Using a three-phase procedure, candidates were selected among 20 000 fish...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Gadiforms; Cod; Diversification; Species selection; New species.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2002/publication-567.pdf

A process‐based model supports an association between dispersal and the prevalence of species traits in tropical reef fish assemblages
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Donati, Giulia Francesca Azzurra; Parravicini, Valeriano; Leprieur, Fabien; Hagen, Oskar; Gaboriau, Theo; Heine, Christian; Kulbicki, Michel; Rolland, Jonathan; Salamin, Nicolas; Albouy, Camille; Pellissier, Loïc.
Habitat dynamics interacting with species dispersal abilities could generate gradients in species diversity and prevalence of species traits when the latter are associated with species dispersal potential. Using a process‐based model of diversification constrained by a dispersal parameter, we simulated the interplay between reef habitat dynamics during the past 140 million years and dispersal, shaping lineage diversification history and assemblage composition globally. The emerging patterns from the simulations were compared to current prevalence of species traits related to dispersal for 6315 tropical reef fish species. We found a significant spatial congruence between the prevalence of simulated low dispersal values and areas with a large proportion of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Dispersal; Diversification; Mechanistic models; Reef fish; Traits.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00516/62750/67136.pdf

Diversidade de Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) em plantas aromáticas (Apiaceae) como sítios de sobrevivência e reprodução em sistema agroecológico
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Lixa,Alice T; Campos,Juliana M; Resende,André L S; Silva,Joice C; Almeida,Maxwell M T B; Aguiar-Menezes,Elen L.
Studies show that Apiaceae may provide concentrated vital resources for predator insects, stimulating their abundance, diversity and persistence in agricultural systems, thereby increasing their efficiency as biological control agents. Among the predatory insects, Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) on many different species both as larvae and adults, complementing their diet with pollen and/or nectar. This study aimed to determine the diversity and relative abundance of Coccinellidae species visiting plants of Anethum graveolens (dill), Coriandrum sativum (coriander) and Foeniculum vulgare (sweet fennel) (all Apiaceae), particularly in their blooming seasons, and to evaluate the potential of these aromatic species for providing the resources for survivorship and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ladybeetle; Food source; Conservation biological control; Diversification.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2010000300007

Phylogeographical analysis of neotropical Rhagoletis (Diptera: Tephritidae): did the Andes uplift contribute to current morphological differences?
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Ramírez,Claudio C.; Salazar,Marcela; Palma,R. Eduardo; Cordero,Cecilia; Meza-Basso,Luís.
Neotropical Rhagoletis species are arranged in four groups: nova,psalida,striatella and ferruginea, which include 18 species. On both sides of the Andes, the evolution of morphological differences among these groups has been suggested to be related to the Andes uplift process. In order to test this hypothesis, a phylogenetic analysis of morphological and molecular data was performed. The results suggest that: 1) Neotropical species of Rhagoletis constitute a separate group from Paleartic and North American species, with the only exception being a member of the striatella group having a certain association with the northern species. 2) Neotropical species seem to form a monophyletic clade, although statistical support for this is weak. 3) The split of South...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fruit fly; Diversification; Phylogeny; South América.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2008000600005

Systematics of Clupeiformes and testing for ecological limits on species richness in a trans-marine/freshwater clade
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Bloom,Devin D.; Egan,Joshua P.
ABSTRACT Clupeiformes (herring, sardines, shad, anchovies and allies) are a globally distributed clade with nearly 400 marine, freshwater, and diadromous species. Although best known as filter feeding fishes that form large schools, this group occupies a diverse array of trophic guilds and habitats. Theory suggests that species richness in clades is modulated by ecological limits, which results in diversity-dependent clade growth, a pattern that most clades exhibit. As a trans-marine/freshwater clade that has undergone repeated transitions between marine and freshwaters, Clupeiformes are an excellent system for investigating the interplay between ecological diversity and macroevolutionary dynamics. In this study we review the systematics of Clupeiformes...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Congruence; Comparative methods; Discordance; Diversification; Diversity-dependent.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252018000300201

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alam,   Jahangir.
The report presents the current status of some selected CGPRT Crops (secondary crops) and examines their potentials in enhancing the sustainable development of diverse agriculture in Bangladesh. Agriculture in Bangladesh is composed of crop, livestock, fisheries and forestry subsectors. This study deals primarily with crop agriculture and the scope of diversification is limited to crop rather than agricultural diversification.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Food crops; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32719

Portfolios of Agricultural Market Advisory Services: How Much Diversification is Enough?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cabrini,   Silvina M.; Stark,   Brian G.; Irwin,   Scott H.; Good,   Darrel L.; Martines-Filho,   Joao Gomes.
This study analyzes the potential risk-reduction gains from naïve diversification among market advisory services for corn and soybeans.  The total possible decrease in risk through naïve diversification is small, mainly because advisory prices are highly correlated on average.  Moreover, because marginal risk-reduction benefits decrease rapidly with size and the cost of holding the portfolios increases linearly due to services’ subscription fees, it is optimal to limit portfolio size to a few advisory programs.  Based on certainty equivalent measures and two representative risk-aversion levels, preferred portfolio sizes are between one and three programs.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Corn; Diversification; Market advisory service; Portfolio; Soybeans; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; G11; Q10; Q12; Q14.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43717

INSURING EGGS IN BASKETS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hart,   Chad E.; Hayes,   Dermot J.; Babcock,   Bruce A.
The vast majority of crop and revenue insurance policies sold in the United States are single-crop policies that insure against low yields or low revenues for each crop grown on a particular farm. This practice of insuring one crop at a time runs counter to the traditional risk management practice of diversifying across several enterprises to avoid putting all of ones eggs in a single basket. This paper examines the construction of whole-farm crop revenue insurance programs to include livestock. The whole-farm insurance product covers crop revenues from corn and soybeans and livestock revenues from hog production. The results show that at coverage levels of 95 percent or lower, the fair insurance premiums for this product on a well-diversified Iowa hog...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Correlations; Diversification; Livestock; Volatilities; Whole-farm revenue insurance; Livestock Production/Industries; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18497

Secondary Crops Based Farming Systems and Their Integration with Processing and Marketing in Bangladesh
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alam,   Jahangir.
This report is an outcome of the study on the second phase of the AGRIDIV project. It examines the performance of a few important secondary crops in the farming systems of some selected areas in Bangladesh. The analysis is limited to the productivity and profitability of different combinations of crops within the secondary crops based cropping system. Another important focus of this study is on value addition of selected CGPRT crops through agro-processing.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Farming systems; Marketing; Processing; Food crops; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32718

Local diversification of income sources versus migration: Complements or Substitutes? Evidence from rural families of the Senegalese Groundnut Basin
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sakho-Jimbira,   Maam Suwadu; Bignebat,   Celine.
Much has been written to show the importance of diversification for rural African households because of the considerable share of non-farm revenues in total income (Reardon, 1997; Reardon et al., 1998). The literature points out push and pull factors explaining that risk and adverse shocks which characterize farm activities urge rural population to diversify into more profitable non-farm activities. But less attention has been paid to the distinction between two diversification patterns, namely local diversification and migration, and their relationship. Drawing on the theoretical and empirical literature, we identify the advantages and drawbacks of local diversification versus migration decision in terms of expected pay-offs for the family and the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Migration; Diversification; Mutual insurance; Groundnut basin; Senegal; Consumer/Household Economics; O15; O55; D70; Q12.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7918

Impediments to Employment and Enterprise Diversification: Evidence from Small-Scale Farms in Poland
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chaplin,   Hannah; Davidova,   Sophia; Gorton,   Matthew.
In an environment of low returns to agricultural activities and slow structural change, both employment and enterprise diversification have been presented as possible strategies for raising the incomes of farm households. This paper focuses on the barriers to taking up off-farm employment and establishing new non-agricultural enterprises. Factor and cluster analysis are applied to a data-set of individual farms in Poland in order to identify groups of households facing similar constraints and profile policy measures that are most likely to assist diversification. The majority of non-diversifiers are unlikely to become pluriactive in the near future due to a combination of age, a desire to concentrate on farming and remoteness. Farm households that are...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poland; Diversification; Off-farm employment; Non-agricultural enterprises; Cluster analysis; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; R0; Q12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24760

A PRIMER for Selecting New Enterprises for Your Farm
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woods,   Timothy A.; Isaacs,   Steven G.
This publication is designed to help producers evaluate new enterprises for their farms of family businesses. It is based on a set of worksheets to help evaluate Profitability, Resource requirements, Information needs, Marketing decisions, Enthusiasm for, and the Risk associated with a new enterprise.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alternatives; Marketing; Business plan; Diversification; Tobacco; Agribusiness; Marketing.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42316

Tobacco Farmer Interest and Success in Income Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beach,   Robert H.; Jones,   Alison Snow; Tooze,   Janet A.
As farm income from tobacco production has declined in recent years, there has been increasing interest in identifying alternative sources of income for tobacco farmers in the southern United States The recent termination of the tobacco quota program has accelerated the exit of tobacco farmers and has heightened concern regarding the availability of substitutes for tobacco production. In this study, we examine factors influencing tobacco farmers’ attempts to identify profitable alternatives to tobacco, their off-farm employment behavior, and changes in acres of tobacco cultivated using survey data collected from a panel of North Carolina tobacco farmers combined with market data
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Farm programs; Farmer survey; Quota buyout; Tobacco; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management; Financial Economics; C33; Q12; Q18.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45045

Analysis of Farm Development in Dutch Agriculture and Horticulture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bremmer,   Johan; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.; Olson,   Kent D.; Baltussen,   Willy H.M.; Huirne,   Ruud B.M.
This paper analysis the effects of farmer characteristics, farm structure and farm performance on farm renewal and farm growth. The data set used in this research consists  of panel data from the Dutch Farm Accountancy Data Network of farms specialized in plant production extended with a data from survey among those farms. Probit models were used to determine the likelihood of the changes. Results show that the degree of mechanization increases the probability of farm growth and farm renewal. Family labour  input and solvency have a negative impact on farm growth. Farm size is positively correlated with farm renewal. No indications of the influence of the life cycle have been  found.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Diversification; Farm growth; Farm structure; Innovation; Panel data; Crop Production/Industries; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7025

Agricultural Export Diversification in Latin America and the Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Taylor,   Timothy G.; Francis,   Brian.
Agriculture, in general, and agricultural exports in particular, have long been critical to economic growth and development in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).  Despite the importance of agriculture to the region and the vast amount of resources devoted to the promotion of agricultural export diversification in LAC, there has been virtually no research undertaken to assess the degree to which the agricultural export structures in LAC countries have in fact diversified.  Using disaggregate data on agricultural exports over the 1961-2000 period for 10 LAC countries, entropy-based measures of diversification are computed and analyzed.  The empirical results show that the post-1985 period has witnessed some degree of agricultural export diversification...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Caribbean; Diversification; Entropy; Exports; Latin America.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43284

The rural non-farm economy, livelihood strategies and household welfare
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stifel,   David.
This paper examines the relationship between rural non-farm employment and household welfare using nationally representative data from Madagascar. It focuses on labor outcomes in the context of household livelihood strategies that include farm and non-farm income earning opportunities. It identifies distinct household livelihood strategies that can be ordered in welfare terms, and estimates multinomial logit models to assess the extent of the barriers to choosing dominant strategies. It finds that high-return non-farm activities provide an important pathway out of poverty, but that barriers such as lack of (a) education, (b) formal credit and (c) access to telecommunications restrict participation in such activities. Individual employment choice models and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Non-farm; Livelihood strategy; Diversification; Labor; Welfare; Madagascar; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93887

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   R.P.; Singh,   N.P.; Kumar,   Ranjit.
Agriculture in India occupies an important place as it contributes nearly 25 per cent of GDP and two-thirds of the population depend upon it. Agricultural growth in the past has been sufficient to move from severe food crisis to aggregate food surplus today. The rainfed regions are diverse in terms of resource base, varying from resource rich regions harnessing substantial production to resource poor regions with restricted potential. These resource poor regions are mostly dominated by secondary crops. Barring maize and potato, secondary crops are loosing ground against the finer cereals, cash and commercial crops. Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a leverage to these crops by providing support in terms of technological advancement and policy...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Food crops; Agriculture; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32702

METODOLOGIA DE AVALIAÇÃO DAS POLÍTICAS DE DIVERSIFICAÇÃO EM ÁREAS CULTIVADAS COM TABACO
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Perondi,   Miguel Angelo; Bonato,   Amadeu Antonio; Schneider,   Sergio; Gregolin,   Adriana Claderan; Peraci,   Adoniran Sanches.
O artigo propõe um método para avaliar as políticas de diversificação em áreas de cultivo do tabaco. É um desenho em resposta à demanda apresentada pela Secretaria da Convenção das Partes da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) sobre a necessidade de haver uma metodologia para compararar as políticas de reconversão dos países produtores de fumo. O artigo relaciona o desenvolvimento rural com as políticas de combate a pobreza, principalmente, via a promoção da capacidade de diversificação. A seguir, descreve a presença econômica do tabaco no Mundo e no Brasil e trata das políticas públicas que contribuem para a diversificação nas áreas de cultivo do tabaco. Por fim, o artigo apresenta a abordagem de diversificação dos meios de vida como método de estudos...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Meios de vida; Diversificação; Agricultura familiar; Fumicultura; Livelihoods; Diversification; Family farm; Tobacco; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/113985

FARM CHARACTERISTICS THAT INFLUENCE NET FARM INCOME VARIABILITY AND LOSSES
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dunn,   Jerry W.; Williams,   Jeffery R.
Farm-level, cross-section and panel data were used with econometric methods to examine relationships between variability in net farm income and explanatory variables including government payments, gross crop income, gross livestock income, costs, efficiency measures, and other socioeconomic characteristics such as age, leverage, percent of land rented, and enterprise diversification. The results suggest that quantifying the impacts of socioeconomic factors on variability of net farm income is difficult. Among the income variables, changes in gross crop income had the largest impact. Among cross-section data, increases in interest costs, age, and diversification were found to have positive relationships with net income variability. However, only the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Farm planning; Panel data; Risk; Tobit; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36337

FREEZE RISK AND ADOPTION OF TECHNOLOGY BY ORANGE PRODUCERS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schmitz,   Andrew; Rimal,   Arbindra.
Orange producers in many regions of the U.S. are affected by the recurrence of frost.  This study evaluated 147 California farmers' perceptions of frost risk relative to other business risks.  Freeze risk perception was negatively related, for example, to farm size.  Large farmers with diversified businesses had lower perceptions of freeze risk than small farmers.  Change in crop location and the adoption of anti-frost technology were two important responses to freeze risk.  California farmers shifted their location to frost-prone areas and adopted anti-frost technology.  Florida farmers, however, diversified to less frost-prone areas and adopted new planting technologies instead of anti-frost technologies. Key words: anti-frost technologies,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Anti-frost technologies; Diversification; Orange frost; Ordered probit model; Risk perception.; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14728

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mahrouf,   Abdul R.M.
This report presents the findings of phase I of the study, which provides a descriptive and quantitative analysis of the current status of CGPRT crops and identifies the constraints faced in developing diverse agriculture in Sri Lanka. Assessing the socio-economic impacts of recent developments in Sri Lanka, including trade liberalization on the production of CGPRT crops, and the identification of constraints and opportunities towards the sustainable development of diverse agriculture for poverty alleviation was the primary objective of this study. Ten major CGPRT crops grown in Sri Lanka were studied in detail in relevance to agricultural diversification and poverty alleviation. Key Words: diversification, food crops, agriculture, poverty
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Food crops; Agriculture; Poverty; Crop Production/Industries; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32679

Organic farming in Australia: An economist's perspective
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Marshall,   Graham R.
Organic agriculture has emerged as an important contributor of ideas in the continuing Australian search for sustainable farming systems. Recognising this, choices arise over the need for government intervention to foster the development of organic approaches to agriculture. Even when the choice is to not intervene directly, an understanding of factors behind how voluntary conversion to this way of farming would help governments, farmer organisations and agribusiness to meet the demands of converting farmers for knowledge, inputs and services. The aim in this paper is to assist informed resolution of these questions.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Organic farming; Organic agriculture; Alternative agriculture; Aggregation economies; Diversification; Economics; Externalities; Conservatiuon; Farm Management.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9676

Grain Transportation Policy and Transformation in Western Canadian Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Doan,   Darcie; Paddock,   Brian; Dyer,   Jan.
This paper provides an overview of grain transportation policy in Canada over the last 100 years, including the inception of the Crow Rate, the replacement of the Crow Rate with the Western Grain Transportation Act(WGTA), and finally, the repeal of the WGTA. Particular emphasis is placed on the structural change to the western agricultural economy that occurred following repeal of the WGTA in 1995. When grain transportation subsidies were removed, industry responded quickly to market signals through a diversification of crop patterns, an increase in livestock production, and an increase in value-added processing. Key Words: transportation policy, diversification, structural change
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Transportation policy; Diversification; Structural change; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15748

Regional identity as a trigger for agricultural regional development
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mettepenningen,   Evy; Mazodier,   Marion; Vandermeulen,   Valerie; Van Huylenbroeck,   Guido.
Regional development is receiving a lot of attention nowadays in European policy. A possible stepping stone to achieve regional development is regional identity. This paper investigates whether regional identity can contribute to the specific case of agricultural regional development. One possible way for agriculture to profit from regional identity is by diversifying farm activities. The paper shows that regional identity can stimulate farmers to take up diversification and can also stimulate inhabitants of the region to consume products directly from the farmer.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Regional identity; Regional development; Multifunctional agriculture; Diversification; Farm income; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94894

Diversifikation und Wachstum landwirtschaftlicher Unternehmen
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weiss,   Christoph R.; Thiele,   Holger D.
The liberalization of agricultural markets has increased the interest of farmers (as well as those working on policies concerned with their welfare) in agricultural diversification strategies. However, empirical research on diversification in European agricultural markets is very limited. This paper follows OUSTAPASSIDIS (1992) and investigates the relationship between different diversification strategies and farm performance (farm growth rates). The results of fixed– and random-effect models for approx. 3900 farms in Schleswig-Holstein for the period 1988/89–1997/98 show that diversification into related products increases growth rates whereas the opposite applies for diversification into unrelated products. Initial farm size has a significant and...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Growth; Farm size; Dynamic panel data analysis; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98120

Managing Risk in Farming: Concepts, Research, and Analysis
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Harwood,   Joy L.; Heifner,   Richard G.; Coble,   Keith H.; Perry,   Janet E.; Somwaru,   Agapi.
The risks confronted by grain and cotton farmers are of particular interest, given the changing role of the Government after passage of the 1996 Farm Act.  With the shift toward less government intervention in the post-1996 Farm Act environment, a more sophisticated understanding of risk and risk management is important to help producers make better decisions in risky situations and to assist policymakers in assessing the effectiveness of different types of risk protection tools. In response, this report provides a rigorous, yet accessible, description of risk and risk management tools and strategies at the farm level. It also provides never-before-published data on farmers' assessments of the risks they face, their use of alternative risk management...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Crop insurance; Diversification; Futures contracts; Leasing; Leveraging; Liquidity; Livestock insurance; Marketing contracts; Options contracts; Production contracts; Revenue insurance; Risk; Vertical integration; Farm Management; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34081

Determinants and Dynamics of Farm Diversification
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weiss,   Christoph R.; Briglauer,   Wolfgang.
This paper examines the impact of various farm and household characteristics (such as farm size, the off-farm employment status, the farm operator's age and schooling and the number of family members) on the level as well as the dynamics of on-farm diversification. Using linked census data for Upper-Austria from 1980, 1985 and 1990 we provide evidence that smaller farms are more specialised and also tend to increase the degree of specialisation over time more quickly than large farms. A significantly lower degree of diversification (higher degree of specialisation) as well as a stronger reduction in diversification over time is also reported for businesses operated by older, less educated, part-time farm operators. The analysis of diversification dynamics...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Farm Sector; Dynamics; Panel Data; Farm Management.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24929

Cultivar Diversity: A Neglected Risk Management Strategy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tadesse,   Dawit; Blank,   Steven C.
Risk reduction through diversification across cultivars is evaluated. A case study of peach growers in California shows that cultivar diversity reduces both yield and revenue variability. As a result, the probability of falling below minimum income requirements set using a safety-first model is reduced using this strategy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cultivar; Diversification; Peaches; Risk management; Safety first; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31093

FEASIBILITY OF INTEGRATING SHEEP AND CROPS WITH SMALLHOLDER RUBBER PRODUCTION SYSTEMS IN INDONESIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Deaton,   Brady J.; San,   Nu Nu.
Diversified production systems are considered important tools for stabilizing the income of smallholder rubber producers in Indonesia.  Based on empirical data collected from smallholder rubber producers in the Nucleus Estate Smallholder (NES) development project, estimations were made of the economic feasibility of integrating sheep and selected crops into smallholder rubber production plantations.  The dynamic optimization procedure is used as an evaluation technique.  This study finds that integration of sheep and crops into smallholder rubber production is economically feasible, particularly for those who utilize family labor for hand harvesting grass and grazing sheep.  Integrating sheep alone increases the net present value of future income by 20%....
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bioeconomic model; Diversification; Dynamic optimization; Indonesia; Rubber; Sheep; Smallholder; Farm Management.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14727

A Synthesis of Theoretical Concepts for Analysing Non-Farm Rural Employment
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Buchenrieder,   Gertrud; Mollers,   Judith.
Employment diversification is a major livelihood strategy in rural areas and is thus a focal point of the ongoing rural development debate. The issue of non-farm diversification is undoubtedly complex and its determinants are difficult to identify. Increasingly, there is a need to address, clarify and bring together theoretical concepts for analysing non-farm rural employment (NFRE). With this in mind, the objective of this paper is to summarize and link existing theories and to introduce some new aspects with regard to modelling NFRE and employment diversification. NFRE dynamics are closely interrelated with the institutional framework and its incentives and constraints. The behaviour of rural decision-makers also depends on fundamental determinants such...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural non-farm employment; Diversification; Theoretical framework; Labor and Human Capital; O18; Q12.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25475

Livelihood Diversification and Rural-Urban Linkages in Vietnam’s Red River Delta
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Thanh,   Hoang Xuan; Anh,   Dang Nguyen; Tacoli,   Cecilia.
With high population density and limited land availability, Vietnam’s Red River Delta is undergoing a major transformation as its economic base moves away from subsistence farming towards intensive, high-value food production for export and local urban markets, and nonfarm employment. This paper describes the changing livelihoods of the residents of two villages that represent two different pathways to local economic development. One village relies primarily on agricultural intensification and diversification, although in combination with nonfarm activities. These nonfarm activities are either supplementary (such as handicraft production and seasonal migration) or related to farming, such as provision of agricultural services, transport and trade of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Migration; Diversification; Poverty; Rural-urban linkages; Vietnam; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59595

Diversification in Indian Agriculture towards High-Value Crops: The Role of Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Birthal,   Pratap Singh; Joshi,   P.K.; Roy,   Devesh; Thorat,   Amit.
Agricultural diversification towards high-value crops can potentially increase farm incomes, especially in a country like India where demand for high-value food products has been increasing more quickly than that for staple crops. Indian agriculture is overwhelmingly dominated by smallholders, and researchers have long debated the ability of a smallholder-dominated subsistence farm economy to diversify into riskier high-value crops. Here, we present evidence that the gradual diversification of Indian agriculture towards high-value crops exhibits a pro-smallholder bias, with smallholders playing a proportionally larger role in the cultivation of vegetables versus fruits. The observed patterns are consistent with simple comparative advantage-based production...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Smallholders; High-value agriculture; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42372

Diversification in land and labor allocation in response to shocks among small-scale farmers in central Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Duc,   Tung Phung; Waibel,   Hermann.
The paper analyzes the relationship between the allocation of labor and land of the households, the number of crops grown and the number of income sources of the households with different types of shocks and risks. It uses the data from the first phase of the household survey in three provinces of Central of Vietnam, conducted within the scope of the DFG research project “Impact of shocks on the vulnerability to poverty: consequences for development of emerging Southeast Asian economies”. The results suggest that the households diversify their portfolio (labor and land) into different income generating activities in order to cope with shocks. Among the different types of shocks and risks, agriculture and economic shocks and risks are the main factors to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Risk management; Risk coping strategies; Vietnam; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53255

Evaluating Multifunctional Activities as Rural Institution in Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ohe,   Yasuo.
The relationship between multifunctionality and the roles of rural communities has not been discussed fully although the connection between the two is an essential issue in the rural policy arena. Pursuing this issue, this paper considers that multifunctional hamlet activities are generated as institutional joint products within the hamlet. Also evaluated is the connection between multifunctional activities and institutional hamlet conditions under the Japanese direct payment program for less favored areas. Results of conceptual considerations and empirical evaluations reveal that specific multifunctional hamlet activities depend on hamlet conditions; those on the least favorable level tend to perform land preservation activities while those under the most...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Rural community; Institution; Jointness; Diversification; Human resources; Direct payment; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Q19; R0; Z13; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25468

FARMERS’ SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN THE NORTH OF SCOTLAND
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bergmann,   Holger; Thomson,   Kenneth J.
Small and medium-sized farms all over Europe guarantee their survival by a broad range of strategies and different income sources. In remoter areas of highly developed countries such as the UK, such strategies may be expected to have their own characteristics, both legislative and socio-economic. This paper reports results from a socio-economic survey carried out among 40 Scottish agricultural households in the Caithness and Sutherland region of the North of Scotland, focussing specifically on the diversification strategies of (larger) farms and (smaller) crofts related to the multifunctionality of agriculture. After analysing the land, labour and capital use of farm/croft households in the region, the paper analyses why farms/crofts in this remote area...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Farm households; Scottish Highlands; Income sources; Diversification; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Q12; Q15; R20; R10.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52832

The Nature of the Diversified Farm Household
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mann,   Stefan.
This paper presents a theoretical approach that explains farm household diversification decisions by the relative attractiveness of both food production and family businesses. The empirical analysis of diversified activities of Swiss farm households shows that a low household income leads to diversification by off-farm activities, while a high income leads to diversification by on-farm activities. It is also shown that arable farms, mountain farms and farm households with a non-agricultural education are more likely to enter off-farm activities.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Switzerland; Household; Consumer/Household Economics; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; P42; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56726

Identification of Pulling Factors for Enhancing the Sustainable Development of Agriculture with Special Reference to Maize in India
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Singh,   R.P.; Kumar,   Ranjit; Singh,   N.P.
Indian agriculture is highly diversified both in terms of production environment and activities. The main objective of the study is to identify and prioritize constraints and accelerators of agricultural diversification and promotion of selected promising CGPRT crops, I.e: maize. Five states namely Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Punjab, Rajashtan and Uttar Pradesh have been selected for the study. The results of the study are mainly based on tabular analysis using simple statistical methods like arithmetic mean and standard deviation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Farming systems; Maize; Marketing; Processing; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32682

Competitiveness of Polish regional Agro-clusters
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bronisz,   Urszula; Heijman,   Wim J.M.
The present paper concerns the analysis and evaluation of the performance of regional agro-clusters in Poland and also the examination of the significant basic factors which have influence on it. The objective of the paper is both to rank the 16 Polish regions according to their competitive position in the agrocomplex and to present their economic and social position, show differences and regional contrasts. Also, we compare the outcomes with the overall Polish regional competitive index, which was created in accordance with the Huggins Institute approach.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural outsourcing; Farm size; Diversification; Labour shortage; Cultural factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48333

Access to Land, Income Diversification and Poverty Reduction in Rural Kenya
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karugia,   Joseph Thuo; Oluoch-Kosura,   Willis; Nyikal,   Rose Adhiambo; Odumbe,   Michael; Marenya,   Paswel Phiri.
The increasing land scarcity and the worsening trend of poverty in Kenya in recent years have raised concerns about the focus on land-based agriculture as the basis of growth in the rural areas. This paper combines two complementary data sets obtained from two locations in Kenya, drawn against distinctively different land availability patterns, to examine the diverse rural asset base and key sources of livelihood in the rural areas. The analysis reveals that while access to productive land is still an important determinant of livelihoods in the rural areas, even where land holdings are very small, growth in farm productivity alone may not guarantee households sufficient incomes to escape poverty. We find evidence to suggest that growth of non-farm sector...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Livelihoods; Land holding; Assets; Kenya.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Q12; Q15; Q18; O18; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25488

Cost-Effective Farm-Level Nitrogen Abatement in the Presence of Environmental and Economic Risk
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ekman,   Sone.
This paper evaluates the consequences of considering environmental and economic risk in the analysis of cost-effective nitrogen abatement options in crop production. A farm-level mathematical programming model incorporating nitrogen leaching variability, field time variability, yield variability, and output price variability is developed. The empirical results reveal that requiring a high reliability with respect to a desired abatement target can be extremely costly, due to the high variability of nitrogen emissions. It appears to be sufficient to reduce average nitrogen load in order to reduce the environmental risk associated with nitrogen leaching variability, since a change to crops with lower average load also results in lower variability of nitrogen...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Nitrogen abatement; Risk aversion; Diversification; Chance constraints; Discrete stochastic programming; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24860

ANALYZING FARM PARTICIPATION DECISIONS IN AGROTOURISM ACTIVITIES IN NORWAY: SOME WELFARE IMPLICATIONS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Loureiro,   Maria L.; Jervell-Moxnes,   Anne.
The aim of this paper is to assess the role played by socio-demographic factors, the financial situation of the farm household, as well as the productive orientation and physical location of the farm on the adoption of agro-tourism activities in Norway.  Agro-tourism activities in Norway can be classified mainly into two groups: a) renting of fishing and hunting rights, and b) renting of rooms on the farm, huts, cabin, and provision or direct sell of food to travelers. Results indicate that factors such as the size and the location  (rural or semi-rural) of the farm play a statistically significant and more important role on the decision of renting fishing and hunting rights than on the development of other agro-tourism activities on the farm.  On the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agro-tourism; Diversification; Farming; Norway; Farm Management.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19959

Mixed Crop Livestock Farming Incorporating Agroforestry Orchards Facing the New Cap
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ducros,   Denis; Kephaliacos,   Charilaos; Ridier,   Aude.
In the context of the new CAP, decoupling subsidies from production should incite farmers to reorganize their production systems, particularly through diversification opportunities. In this paper we focus our analysis on the conditions that could permit the development of extensive orchards by modelling mixed crop livestock farms, which incorporate orchards. A mathematical programming model is built to simulate various intensification levels characterizing different technical pathways within the different farm activities (cattle breeding, forage fields, arboriculture). This model also enables us to take into account some environmental indicators related to these pathways. Moreover, the method illustrates technical complementarities existing within the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Decoupling; Diversification; Agroforestry orchards; Joint production; Mathematical programming; Agribusiness; C61; D24; Q12; Q21.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24532

What Does Initial Farm Size Imply About Growth and Diversification?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Melhim,   Almuhanad; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Shumway,   C. Richard.
Recent consolidation in agriculture has shifted production toward fewer but larger farms, reshaping business relationships between farmers, processors, input suppliers, and local communities. We analyze growth and diversification of U.S. corn, wheat, apple, and beef farms by examining longitudinal changes in 10 size cohorts through three successive censuses. We fail to reject Gibrat’s law in apple and wheat industries and the mean reversion hypothesis in beef and corn industries. Apple and wheat farms diversify over time. The findings suggest that scale economies diminish for large farms across all four industries and scope economies dominate scale economies for large apple and wheat farms.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Firm growth; Gibrat’s law; Longitudinal data; Scale economies; Scope economies; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Production Economics; Q12.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48757

NEW RURAL ECONOMY: CHALLENGES AND DIVERSITY IN EASTERN CROATIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Sudaric,   Tihana; Zmaic,   Krunoslav; Loncaric,   Ruzica.
Eastern part of Croatia is agricultural region according to natural resources (fertile soil, first of all), as well as human potential (long experience in traditional agriculture). Besides agriculture as traditional activity, a characteristic of rurality is also added to this region. Rural area is dominant in Eastern Croatia and it effects on relatively small urban areas. This paper represents new possibilities of rural economic activities on family farms in Eastern Croatia. Role and significant of rural economic activities is analyzed through indicators overview (land structure, GDP, population, population density, TEA index, unemployment ect.). Challenges through diversification of rural economic activities in this paper includes added economic...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Agriculture; New rural economy; Eastern Croatia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53567

THE GROWING IMPORTANCE OF ACTIVITIES DIVERSIFICATION FOR ENHANCING FAMILY FARMS COMPETITIVENESS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Todorovic,   Sasa; Muncan,   Mihajlo; Miljkovic,   Marina.
Family farms are the most significant development entities of rural areas. The welfare of the rural population depends on the success of their business operations and ability to survive in the market. Bearing this in mind, it is necessary to find ways and create the adequate conditions to activate development potentials. The objective of this study is therefore to systematize potential sources of farm households’ income, with special emphasis on how and why they diversify their income and activities. Results of the research unambiguously show that diversification of income and activities are now integral part of business activities of numerous farms. No doubt, importance of diversification will increase in future period, considering that more dynamic...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Competitiveness; Family farms; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57420

Equity financing and investment opportunities in Canadian primary agriculture
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Painter,   Marvin J.
This study shows that for the period 1990–2007, international portfolio investment performance was significantly improved with the addition of Canadian farmland. Farmland in Canada is considered relatively low risk, enters the efficient portfolios at low risk levels and adds the most financial improvement to low and medium risk portfolios. Compared with T-bills and long bonds, farmland has higher risk and yield, but lower risk than stocks. Compared with stocks, farmland has income yields and risk that are similar to or better than dividend yields and risk on stocks while farmland has capital gain yields and risk that are usually lower, on average, than stocks. The low and negative correlation of farmland yields with stocks and bonds make it a good...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Investment portfolio; Risk management; Diversification; Farmland; Canada; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120867

The Determinants of Agricultural Export Growth in South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Idsardi,   Ernst.
South Africa has relatively not been affected that significantly by the global food end economic crises. Although, the exports of South Africa’s traditional agricultural exports showed a moderate dip over the last two years. However, the country’s agricultural export base that earns valuable foreign currency is quite shallow. Against this background the study indentified ten agricultural export products which showed a significant increase in exports over the last years. These emerging agricultural exports form the basis for the analysis of the determinants of export growth. The identified determinants will provide a guideline for future trade diversification. An augmented gravity model was applied to investigate factors such as transaction cost, market...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural exports; Diversification; South Africa; Augmented gravity model; Determinants of trade; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96639

Agricultural outsourcing: A comparison between the Netherlands and Japan
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Igata,   Masayo; Hendriksen,   Astrid; Heijman,   Wim J.M.
Outsourcing may well be a tool for increasing the efficiency of Japanese agriculture. However, outsourcing is not frequently used by Japanese farmers in their day-to-day management. This has resulted in a weakly developed market for agricultural contracting services. In order to take a closer look at the reasons for making use of outsourcing, a comparative study was carried out between the agricultural contracting sector in Japan and that in the Netherlands, where agricultural outsourcing is a regular practice. In the Netherlands, especially small, diversified farms that lack sufficient labour tend to outsource agricultural work; in Japan, the situation is far less clear. Cultural factors possibly play an important role.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural outsourcing; Farm size; Diversification; Labour shortage; Cultural factors; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48332

Diversificação das Exportações do Agronegócio Brasileiro.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Zanella,   Matheus Alves.
Este artigo procura identificar mudanças no padrão das exportações do agronegócio brasileiro nos últimos anos em direção a diversificação ou concentração, segundo as categorias destinos (bloco econômicos) ou produtos. Com esse intuito, se utiliza do Índice de Hirschman para mensurar concentração/diversificação das exportações do setor nos últimos 10 anos. Os resultados indicam que houve uma nítida diversificação dos destinos de exportação, sem que tenha ocorrido, no entanto, uma diversificação dos produtos exportados. A variação da cotação do dólar e dos preços de exportação no período tiveram uma importante influência no desempenho das exportações de produtos tradicionais, o que acarretou em uma concentração no período de desvalorização do Real e relativa...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Exportações; Diversificação; Concentração; Destinos; Exports; Diversification; Concentration; Destinations; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/106121

BREAKING THE BOOM AND BUST: EXPLORING THIRTY YEARS OF DIVERSIFICATION IN WESTERN CANADA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chambers,   Edward J.; Ryan,   Chris.
The topic of diversification has been studied extensively by academics and policy makers. The theory of diversification, dating back to the 1930s and the Great Depression, suggests that increasing the variety of industries in a region spreads the risk and reduces the likelihood that all industries will suffer a downturn at the same time. This serves to mitigate the boom and bust pattern often experienced by a heavy reliance on a limited number of industries, which in three of the four western provinces, means natural resource-based industries. This study examines diversification progress in the four western provinces over the last 30 years. The time span covers the greatest progress in trade liberalization policy in the nation’s history, and the evidence...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Alberta; Western Canada; Diversification; "boom and bust"; Shift-share; Portfolio choice; Employment; Sector shift; Development; Policy; Policies; Economic history; History; Retrospective; Location quotients; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60429

FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO EARNINGS SUCCESS OF CASH GRAIN FARMS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mishra,   Ashok K.; El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Johnson,   James D.
The objective of this study was to identify factors which contribute to the earnings' success of cash grain farms in the United States.  The study analyzes three measures of success including net farm income per dollar of asset, operators' returns to labor and management, and operators' management income.  Logit regression analysis shows that controlling variable costs, ownership, management ability, technology adoption, and diversification are important factors that influence success.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Cash grains; Diversification; Earnings success; Logit regression; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15158

Enhancing Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture in Viet Nam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Anh,   Dao The; Thinh,   Le Duc; Bihn,   Vu Trong.
The objective of the study is to investigate the socio-economic impacts of recent developments in the regional and global economic environment, including trade liberalization on upland agriculture at a village level and identifying constraints to the sustainable development of diversified agriculture, in particular upland agriculture based on CGPRT crops in Viet Nam.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Diversification; Food crops; Poverty; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32673

WHY DOES POVERTY PERSIST IN RURAL ETHIOPIA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogale,   Ayalneh; Hagedorn,   Konrad; Korf,   Benedikt.
This paper seeks to address the question: why does poverty persist in rural Ethiopia? We argue that it is largely a lack of entitlements to fundamental livelihood assets which urges poor rural farmers into livelihood diversification to make a living. We base our findings on empirical work, which is based on information gathered from a three-round survey of 149 rural households in Ethiopia during 1999/2000 cropping season. The FGT poverty index is employed to examine the extent and severity of rural poverty and reveals that nearly 40% of the sample households live below poverty line with average poverty gap of 0.047. The binary logit estimates shed light on factors behind the persistence of poverty and indicates that rural poverty is strongly linked to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural poverty; Livelihoods; Diversification; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25857

Enhancing the Sustainable Development of Diverse Agriculture through CGPRT Crops in Myanmar: Current Status of CGPRT Crop Agriculture and Identification of its Development Constraints
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kyi,   Aung.
This study comprises of two main parts, a national level study and a field survey. Both the data and information on key CGPRT crops in Myanmar are focused and extensively collected. At the national level study, Time Trend Analysis and Simple Welfare Analysis were used to determine the impact of trade liberalization on CGPRT crops. For field survey, random purposive selection of CGPRT crops growers was used instead of using a probabilistic method of selection.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food crops; Diversification; Plant production; Consumption; Marketing; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/32681

The effect of the foreign capital and European subventions on the competitiveness of the Hungarian agribusiness’ enterprises in the last 15 years
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Karolyne Zdenko,   Ildiko; Illes B.,   Csaba; Pataki,   Laszlo; Kozma,   Timea.
In our research we examine the foreign investments from the change of regime, privatization; EU accession, possibilities offered by subventions (2004-2006); so the experiences of the last 15 years, and we draw up the expectations from the actual New Hungary Rural Development and National Diversification Programs (2007-13). We try to establish a complex diagnosis about the role, effect and results of the foreign capital and EU subsidies – by analyzing advantages, disadvantages; positive, negative effects – in order to chart the problems to be avoided and missions to be reinforced – at the company and at the sector level – like structural reorganization of sectors, or necessity of developing company structures which contribute to identify the key necessary...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Foreign capital; European subventions; Agriculture; Food industry; Competitiveness; Diversification; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58072

The Sophistication and Diversification of the African Agricultural Sector: A Product Space Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Badibanga,   Thaddee Mutumba; Ulimwengu,   John M.
We use the concept of the product space to analyze the key features of the transformation process in Africa with a focus on the agricultural sector. Between 1962 and 2008, we find that both specialization and diversification occur for the overall economy and across sectors. Our findings also confirm that the transformation of the African economy is driven primarily by the increasing specialization of nonagricultural exports. However, the transformation process is still moving more slowly than that of an emerging economy such as Brazil. The index of specialization of agricultural exports grew at a modest annual rate of 2.1 percent between 1962 and 2008, compared to 5.0 percent for nonagricultural exports and 4.1 percent for the overall economy. Although...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Structural transformation; Diversification; Sophistication; Growth; Export; Africa; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; F19; O14; O33; O40.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124498

Effect of Income Diversification Strategies on food Insecurity Status of Farming Households in Africa: Result of Analysis from Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Agbola,   P.O.; Awotide,   D.O.; IKPI,   A.E.; Kormawa,   P.M.; Okoruwa,   Victor O.; Babalola,   D.A.
This study links food insecurity status of farming households in the study area to their income diversification strategies. Data for the study were collected from 400 farming households in Osun State of the southwestern Nigeria. Households were classified into four categories based on how they obtain a living. Descriptive statistics, Cost of Calorie Function (COC) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze the data. Income diversification strategies of the households involved – combinations of crop production with livestock enterprises; crop production with off farm activities; off farm activities with livestock enterprises and crop production only; at 60.0%, 10.0%, 8.0%, and 22.0% of households respectively. Income diversification strategies...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Diversification; Food; Insecurity; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44388

Distributional patterns of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and phylogenetic support
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Pires,Amanda Ciprandi; Marinoni,Luciane.
Distributional patterns of the Neotropical genus Thecomyia Perty (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) and phylogenetic support. The distributional pattern of the genus Thecomyia Perty, 1833 was defined using panbiogeographic tools, and analyzed based on the phylogeny of the group. This study sought to establish biogeographical homologies in the Neotropical region between different species of the genus, based on their distribution pattern and later corroboration through its phylogeny. Eight individual tracks and 16 generalized tracks were identified, established along nearly the entire swath of the Neotropics. Individual tracks are the basic units of a panbiogeographic study, and correspond to the hypothesis of minimum distribution of the organisms involved. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Areas of endemism; Diversification; Panbiogeography; Phylogeny; Tetanocerini.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262011000100002

Segments of competition in south brazilian wineries
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Miele,Marcelo; Coldebella,Arlei; Waquil,Paulo Dabdab; Miele,Alberto.
The international restructuring process in the beverage sector reached the winemaking business in the 1990s, changing its panorama. Increasing competitive pressure is a characteristic of this period with significant impact in regions such as the countries belonging to the Mercosul block. To support firm strategies and public policies, the goal of this study was to identify the competition segments in winemaking in Rio Grande do Sul, the southern state of Brazil, and in a specific form to propose a typology of wineries based on the Industrial Organization literature. The data used are from the State Wineries Data Bank of Rio Grande do Sul, which were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis, integrating a cluster and principal components analysis in a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Diversification; Scale; Typology; Wine.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162007000300003

Diversity and evolution of Amazonian birds: implications for conservation and biogeography
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: RIBAS,CAMILA C.; ALEIXO,ALEXANDRE.
Abstract: Amazonia has been a focus of interest since the early days of biogeography as an intrinsically complex and extremely diverse region. This region comprises an intricate mosaic that includes diverse types of forest formations, flooded environments and open vegetation. Increased knowledge about the distribution of species in Amazonia has led to the recognition of complex biogeographic patterns. The confrontation of these biogeographic patterns with information on the geological and climatic history of the region has generated several hypotheses dedicated to explain the origin of the biological diversity. Genomic information, coupled with knowledge of Earth’s history, especially the evolution of the Amazonian landscape, presents fascinating...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Biogeography; Birds; Conservation; Diversification; Rivers.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000600611

Diversification strategies in the pesticide industry: from seeds to biopesticides
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Pelaez,Victor; Mizukawa,Gabriel.
ABSTRACT: The pesticide industry has undergone a diversification process led by six leading companies (Monsanto, Syngenta, Bayer, Dow, DuPont, BASF) that control roughly 68% of the world market. This growth, initiated in the second half of the 1990s, occurred through deals and acquisitions of companies from the seed and biopesticide markets. This paper analyzes these diversification strategies, which have involved a capital mobilization process based on the exploitation of economies of scope and management of complementary assets. This aims to minimize the risks of investment in consolidated markets as well as in new ones.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pesticides; Seeds; Biopesticides; Diversification; Growth.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782017000200152