Consulta: subjectFacets:"ERS"
Registros recuperados: 42
Data/hora: 14/06/2024 09:36:44

Rural Broadband At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Low,   Sarah A.
Three-quarters of U.S. residents used the Internet to access information, education, and services in 2007. Broadband Internet access is becoming essential for both businesses and households; many compare its evolution to other technologies now considered common necessities—such as cars, electricity, televisions, microwave ovens, and cell phones. Although rural residents enjoy widespread access to the Internet, they are less likely to have high-speed, or broadband, Internet access than their urban counterparts. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the difference in access may lie in the higher cost and limited availability of broadband Internet in rural areas. As a result, rural residents depend more on Internet use outside of the home, in places like the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Internet; Broadband; High-speed internet; Telemedicine; Rural; Urban; Census data; Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); ERS; USDA; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59018

Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Morehart,   Mitchell J.
Agricultural Land Tenure and Carbon Offsets examines the potential role that land ownership might play in determining the agricultural sector’s involvement in carbon sequestration programs. By estimating the carbon sequestration potential of agricultural producers who own most of the land they operate, this report finds that land ownership should not be a constraining factor in agriculture’s ability to provide carbon offsets.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Keywords: Climate change; Carbon sequestration; Carbon offsets; Cap and trade programs; Farmland ownership; Tenure; Farming practices; Conservation practices; Conservation Reserve Program; Crops; Livestock; Environmental services; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58994

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective--Making Healthy Food Choices Easier:  Ideas From Behavioral Economics
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mancino,   Lisa; Andrews,   Margaret S.
With obesity the most prevalent nutrition problem facing Americans at all economic levels, promoting diets that provide adequate nutrition without too many calories has become an important objective for the Food Stamp Program. Findings from behavioral economics suggest innovative, low-cost ways to improve the diet quality of food stamp participants without restricting their freedom of choice. Unlike more traditional economic interventions, such as changing prices or banning specific foods, the strategies explored in this brief can be targeted to those participants who want help making more healthful food choices.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59436

America's Diverse Family Farms 2007 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hoppe,   Robert A.; Banker,   David E.; Korb,   Penelope J.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; MacDonald,   James M.
American farms encompass a wide range of sizes, ownership structures, and business types, but most farms are still family farms. Family farms account for 98 percent of farms and 85 percent of production. Although most farms are small and own most of the farmland, production has shifted to very large farms. Farms with sales of $1 million or more make up less than 2 percent of all farms, but they account for 48 percent of farm product sales. Most of these million-dollar farms are family farms. Because small-farm households rely on off-farm work for most of their income, general economic policies, such as tax or economic development policy, can be as important to them as traditional farm policy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Family farms; Farm program payments; Farm production; Farm household income; Commodity payments; Direct payments; Government payments; Agricultural Resource Management Survey; Contracting; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59029

Economic Returns to Public Agricultural Research
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; Heisey,   Paul W.
Over the last several decades, the U.S. agricultural sector has sustained impressive productivity growth. The Nation's agricultural research system, including Federal-State public research as well as private-sector research, has been a key driver of this growth. Economic analysis finds strong and consistent evidence that investment in agricultural research has yielded high returns per dollar spent. These returns include benefits not only to the farm sector but also to the food industry and consumers in the form of more abundant commodities at lower prices.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Technology; Total factor productivity; TFP; Research investments; Food; Input; Output; Crop yield; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Public spending; Private sector research; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6388

Factors Influencing ACRE Program Enrollment
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Woolverton,   Andrea E.; Edwin,   Young.
Authorized by the 2008 Farm Act, the Average Crop Revenue Election (ACRE) program is the first revenue-based, income-support program that calculates payments using recent market prices and a producer’s actual plantings. The payments are triggered when a farm’s revenue and State revenue (price multiplied by yield per planted acre) fall below a calculated guarantee for a crop. By contrast, other income-support programs are based on legislated rates and support levels, computed using a farm’s base acres and payment yields. Had the ACRE program been available during crop years 1996-2008, this report shows that farmers would have benefited more from participating in 2002 Farm Act programs than in the hypothetical ACRE program. The report further suggests that,...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Average Revenue Crop Election; ACRE; 2008 Farm Act; Farm bill; Commodity programs; Risk management; Income support; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55954

Rural America at a Glance, 2010 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.; Hertz,   Thomas.
Rural America At A Glance, 2010 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2010 edition focuses on the U.S. rural economy, including employment trends, poverty, and demographics.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96637

Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, 2006 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Wiebe,   Keith D.; Gollehon,   Noel R.
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Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: ERS; AREI; Agricultural economics; Natural resources; Land; Land use; Land values; Land ownership; Water use; Irrigation; Water quality; Genetic resources; Biotechnology; Agricultural research; Agricultural productivity; Global resources; Soil conservation; Soil erosion; Pest management; Nutrient management; Animal agriculture; Organic agriculture; Conventional agriculture; Conservation policy; Land retirement; Working lands; Wetlands; Farmland protection; Environmental quality; Farm structure; Farm ownership; Farm management decisions; Farm business; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7207

Marketing U.S. Organic Foods:  Recent Trends From Farms to Consumers
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Dimitri,   Carolyn; Oberholtzer,   Lydia.
Organic foods now occupy prominent shelf space in the produce and dairy aisles of most mainstream U.S. food retailers. The marketing boom has pushed retail sales of organic foods up to $21.1 billion in 2008 from $3.6 billion in 1997. U.S. organic-industry growth is evident in an expanding number of retailers selling a wider variety of foods, the development of private- label product lines by many supermarkets, and the widespread introduction of new products. A broader range of consumers has been buying more varieties of organic food. Organic handlers, who purchase products from farmers and often supply them to retailers, sell more organic products to conventional retailers and club stores than ever before. Only one segment has not kept pace—organic farms...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Organic; Organic food; Marketing organic products; Organic supply chain; Producing organic products; Handling organic products; Organic price premiums; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58615

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective-Food Spending Patterns of Low-Income Households:  Will Increasing Purchasing Power Result in Healthier Food Choices?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Frazao,   Elizabeth; Andrews,   Margaret S.; Smallwood,   David M.; Prell,   Mark A.
The Food Stamp Program provides benefits that low-income households can use to purchase food in grocery stores. The rise in obesity has raised the question of whether food stamp participants would purchase more healthy foods, such as fruits and vegetables, if food stamp benefits were higher. This report examines household food spending patterns and how they differ across income levels to provide insight into how participants might change their food spending in response to additional income.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59430

Broadband Internet's Value for Rural America
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Stenberg,   Peter L.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.; Vogel,   Stephen J.; Cromartie,   John; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Brown,   Dennis M.
As broadband—or high-speed—Internet use has spread, Internet applications requiring high transmission speeds have become an integral part of the “Information Economy,” raising concerns about those who lack broadband access. This report analyzes (1) rural broadband use by consumers, the community-at-large, and businesses; (2) rural broadband availability; and (3) broadband’s social and economic effects on rural areas. It also summarizes results from an ERS-sponsored workshop on rural broadband use, and other ERS-commissioned studies. In general, rural communities have less broadband Internet use than metro communities, with differing degrees of broadband availability across rural communities. Rural communities that had greater broadband Internet access had...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Internet; Broadband; High-speed Internet; Rural economies; Rural economic growth; Digital economy; Telemedicine; Rural; Urban; Census data; June Agricultural Survey; Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); ERS; USDA; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55944

Economic Linkages Between the WIC Program and the Farm Sector
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hanson,   Kenneth; Oliveira,   Victor.
In fiscal 2008, the $4.6 billion of food purchased with vouchers from the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) generated $1.3 billion in farm revenue. Because WIC participants would have purchased some of these foods with their own money in the absence of the program, the net addition to farm revenue from WIC is estimated at $331 million and the net increase in full-time-equivalent farm jobs at 2,640. The study uses an Input-Output Multiplier Model to derive these estimates and assumes that recent revisions in the WIC food packages were implemented in all States in fiscal 2008.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC; WIC linkage to farm sector; WIC food package; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Public Economics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58992

Behavioral Economic Concepts To Encourage Healthy Eating in School Cafeterias:  Experiments and Lessons From College Students
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Just,   David R.; Wansink,   Brian; Mancino,   Lisa; Guthrie,   Joanne F.
Changing small factors that influence consumer choice may lead to healthier eating within controlled settings, such as school cafeterias. This report describes a behavioral experiment in a college cafeteria to assess the effects of various payment options and menu selection methods on food choices. The results indicate that payment options, such as cash or debit cards, can significantly affect food choices. College students using a card that prepaid only for healthful foods made more nutritious choices than students using either cash or general debit cards. How and when individuals select their food can also influence food choices. College students who preselected their meals from a menu board made significantly different food choices than students who...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Behavioral economics; Healthy eating; Diet quality; Food choices; School meal programs; Experimental economics; ERS; USDA.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56489

The Food Assistance Landscape: FY 2006 Annual Report
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor.
Federal expenditures for USDA’s food assistance programs totaled almost $53 billion in fiscal 2006, a 4-percent increase over the previous fiscal year. This was the sixth consecutive year in which food assistance expenditures increased and the fourth consecutive year in which they exceeded the previous historical record. The five largest food assistance programs—the Food Stamp Program, the National School Lunch Program, the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), the Child and Adult Care Food Program, and the School Breakfast Program—accounted for 95 percent of USDA's total expenditures for food assistance. This report uses preliminary data from the Food and Nutrition Service to examine trends in the programs at the...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; Food Stamp Program; National School Lunch Program; School Breakfast Program; Child and Adult Care Food Program; WIC; Food assistance programs; ERS; USDA; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7204

Structure and Finances of U.S. Farms:  Family Farm Report, 2007 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hoppe,   Robert A.; Korb,   Penelope J.; O'Donoghue,   Erik J.; Banker,   David E.
U.S. farms are diverse, ranging from small retirement and residential farms to enterprises with annual sales in the millions. Nevertheless, most U.S. farms—98 percent in 2004—are family farms. Even the largest farms tend to be family farms. Large-scale family farms and nonfamily farms account for 10 percent of U.S farms, but 75 percent of the value of production. In contrast, small family farms make up most of the U.S. farm count, produce a modest share of farm output, and receive substantial off-farm income. Many farm households have a large net worth, reflecting the land-intensive nature of farming.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Contracting; Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Million-dollar farms; Small farms; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59032

The Food Assistance Landscape, FY 2009 Annual Report
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor.
This report examines trends in USDA’s food and nutrition assistance programs through fiscal 2009. It also discusses a recent ERS report that examines the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of food insecurity in households with children.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs; Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP); National School Lunch Program; WIC; School Breakfast Program; Child and Adult Care Food Program; Food security; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59614

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective-Stretching the Food Stamp Dollar:  Regional Price Differences Affect Affordability of Food
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Leibtag,   Ephraim S.
Significant regional differences in food prices affect how far food stamp benefits can go toward enhancing the diet of low-income consumers in a given region. In regions where average food prices exceed the national average, food stamp benefits may not provide the same level of coverage as the same benefit would in below-average-price regions. This report measures average prices paid across U.S. regions. Results show that a household made up of a family of four in the East or West could spend $32-$48 more per month for a similar amount of food than the average U.S. household, whereas a household in the South and Midwest could spend $12-28 less per month than the average U.S. household.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59428

Characteristics of Low-Income Households With Very Low Food Security:  An Analysis of the USDA GPRA Food Security Indicator
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nord,   Mark.
This Economic Information Bulletin describes characteristics of low-income households that had very low food security in 2005. The U.S. Department of Agriculture monitors the food security of low-income households to assess how effectively the Government’s domestic nutrition assistance programs meet the needs of their target populations. USDA seeks to reduce the prevalence of very low food security among low-income households as part of its strategic plan under the Government Performance and Results Act (GPRA).
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food insecurity; Very low food security; Hunger; Food stamp program; School lunch program; WIC; GPRA; ERS; USDA; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59030

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspectives--Overview:  Can Food Stamps Do More To Improve Food Choices?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Guthrie,   Joanne F.; Lin,   Biing-Hwan; Ver Ploeg,   Michele; Frazao,   Elizabeth.
The increased food purchasing power offered by the Food Stamp Program can promote food security and improve the overall economic well-being of low-income households. Now, as Americans struggle with obesity and other diet-related health problems, there is interest in whether the program can be more effective in encouraging participants to make healthy food choices. ERS has compiled economic research to provide decisionmakers with information on the likely effects of various proposed strategies for improving the food choices of food stamp program participants. This overview summarizes the findings, which are presented in more detail in a series of individual briefs.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59422

Rural America At A Glance, 2005
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hamrick,   Karen S.
Rural America At A Glance, 2005 is a six-page brochure that highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The brochure is the fourth in a series of reports that uses current social and economic data to highlight population, labor market, income, and poverty trends in rural areas. This brochure provides information on key rural conditions and trends for use by public and private decisionmakers and others in efforts to enhance the economic opportunities and quality of life for rural people and their communities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural housing; Rural indicators; Population; Recreation; Tourism; Rural employment; Rural unemployment; Rural poverty; Housing; Industry; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59394

WIC and the Battle Against Childhood Overweight
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ver Ploeg,   Michele.
One of the most worrisome aspects of the growing tide of obesity in the United States is the high rate of overweight among children. Over one in five young children, ages 2 to 5, are at risk of being overweight. The number of children at risk of being overweight has grown in the past two decades, as has the number of young children whose families participate in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Are these increases connected? The answer appears to be “No.” However, being from a low-income family, especially a low-income, Mexican-American family, does raise the probability of a child’s being at risk for overweight. This brief examines trends in the relationship between WIC participation and weight status by...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC; Children; Body Mass Index; Overweight; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Health Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58993

Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Rural America At A Glance, 2008 Edition highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The 2008 edition focuses on employment, poverty, population change, and demographic characteristics of nonmetro areas.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Employment; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59019

America's Diverse Family Farms:  2010 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hoppe,   Robert A.; Banker,   David E.; MacDonald,   James M.
American farms vary widely in size and other characteristics, but farming is still an industry of family businesses. Ninety-eight percent of farms are family farms, and they account for 82 percent of farm production. Small family farms make up most of the U.S. farm count and hold the majority of farm assets, but they produce a modest share of U.S. farm output. In contrast, large-scale family farms and nonfamily farms—only 12 percent of all farms—account for 84 percent of farm production. Small farms are less profitable than large-scale farms, on average, and the households operating them tend to rely on off-farm income for their livelihood. Because small-farm households receive most of their income from off-farm work, general economic policies—such as tax...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Government payments; Limited-resource farms; Small farms; ERS; USDA; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96653

Nonmetropolitan Outmigration Counties:  Some Are Poor, Many Are Prosperous
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: McGranahan,   David A.; Cromartie,   John; Wojan,   Timothy R.
Population loss through net outmigration is endemic to many rural areas. Over a third of nonmetro counties lost at least 10 percent of their population through net outmigration over 1988-2008. Some of these counties have had very high poverty rates, substantial loss in manufacturing jobs, and high unemployment. Lack of economic opportunity was likely a major factor in their high outmigration. Most high net outmigration counties, however, are relatively prosperous, with low unemployment rates, low high school dropout rates, and average household incomes. For these counties, low population density and less appealing landscapes distinguish them from other nonmetro counties. Both types of outmigration counties stand out on two measures, indicating that...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Migration; Net migration; Rural development; Life-cycle migration; Population growth; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96769

Rural America At A Glance, 2009 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Update of an annual series, the 2009 edition of Rural America At A Glance deals with effects of the major recession on rural America. Initially, effects of the recession were mitigated in nonmetro areas by high commodity prices throughout much of 2008, but as the recession deepened, prices fell. Both nonmetro and metro areas experienced rising unemployment as manufacturing and other major employment sectors contracted, and they were similarly affected by the mortgage foreclosure crisis. However, even before the current recession, nonmetro poverty rates had risen in the growth years after the 2001 recession, against the usual trend during a time of economic expansion; the nonmetro poverty rate has exceeded the national poverty rate since 2001. The nonmetro...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population; Housing markets; Employment; Rural unemployment; Nonmetropolitan; Nonmetro; Rural economy; Metro; Rural America; Census data; Population growth; Unemployment; Poverty; Demographics; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59017

Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Fuglie,   Keith O.; MacDonald,   James C.; Ball,   V. Eldon.
Innovation and changes in technology have been a driving force for gains in productivity growth in U.S. agriculture. USDA's Economic Research Service has developed annual indexes of agricultural inputs, outputs, and total factor productivity (TFP) for 1948 through 2004. American agriculture relies almost entirely on productivity growth to raise output. By lowering the cost of agricultural commodities, productivity growth benefits not only farmers but also food manufacturers and consumers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Total factor productivity; TFP; Labor; Farm economy; Prices; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Technology; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6382

Fruit Policies in Japan
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ito,   Kenzo; Dyck,   John H.
Government programs and subsidies regulate and support Japan’s large fruit-production sector, bolstering farm incomes and output levels. Supply-management programs that target annual production levels for some fruits, in order to maintain market prices, contribute to higher prices for consumers, although other programs aim to increase fruit consumption. Japan’s tariffs and phytosanitary measures also create barriers to fruit consumption and limit imports. Producers in the United States, a major fruit supplier to Japan, could benefit from reduced barriers.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Japan; Fruits; Policies; Production; Subsidies; Insurance; Farm markets; Tariffs; Phytosanitary measures; U.S. Department of Agriculture; USDA; Economic Research Service; ERS; FTS-341-01; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92336

The Infant Formula Market:  Consequences of a Change in the WIC Contract Brand
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oliveira,   Victor; Frazao,   Elizabeth; Smallwood,   David M.
The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the State. As part of the contract, the WIC State agency receives rebates from the manufacturers. In this study, we use 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from over 7,000 stores in 30 States to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers’ market share in supermarkets. We find that the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority—84 percent—of all formula sold by the top three...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Infant formula; Rebate; Sole-source contracts; Contract brand; Spillover effect; ERS; USDA; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118020

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective--How Can We Tell If We Are Making a Difference?  ERS Efforts To Improve Evaluation of Nutrition Outcomes
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Frazao,   Elizabeth; Guthrie,   Joanne F.; Smallwood,   David M.
Currently, the effects of the Food Stamp Program on the food choices and diet quality of participants are the subject of much debate. Improved evaluation of the nutrition and health effects of the program would be of use to program and policy officials, but most of the existing research is limited by three key factors: the difficulty in separating the effect of the program itself from other factors that may be related to program participation (that is, selection bias); relative age of the data (which do not capture current programs or population behaviors); and use of outdated dietary standards and assessment methods. This brief describes current ERS activities to address these problems and improve evaluation.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59439

Economic Well-Being of Farm Households
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jones,   Carol Adaire; El-Osta,   Hisham S.; Green,   Robert C.
Farm subsidy programs were introduced in the 1930s largely due to concern for chronically low, and highly variable, incomes of US farm households. Today commodity-based support programs are still prominent, though income and wealth of the average farm household now exceed that of the average nonfarm households - by a large margin. Farm income continues to be highly variable, but the small set of farm households most at risk for income variability - because farm income represents more than one-third of household income - are those operating large farms. And they have substantial net worth, which cushions uncertain farm income.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm households; Household income; Household wealth; Household net worth; Living expenses; Joint income-wealth indicator; Economic well-being; Financial well-being; Off-farm employment; Income variability; ERS; USDA; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34095

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective--Higher Cost of Food in Some Areas May Affect Food Stamp Households' Ability To Make Healthy Food Choices
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nord,   Mark; Hopwood,   Heather.
The cost of “enough food,” estimated from the amount that low- and medium-income households in a geographic area report needing to spend to just meet their food needs, differs substantially across States and among metropolitan areas. In areas with high food costs, many food-stamp recipients are likely to have inadequate food resources to support healthy food choices.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59429

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices? An Economic Perspective
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Guthrie,   Joanne F.; Andrews,   Margaret S.; Frazao,   Elizabeth; Leibtag,   Ephraim S.; Lin,   Biing-Hwan; Mancino,   Lisa; Nord,   Mark; Prell,   Mark A.; Smallwood,   David M.; Variyam,   Jayachandran N.; Ver Ploeg,   Michele.
Food stamp recipients, like other Americans, struggle with nutrition problems associated with choice of foods, as well as amounts. This series of Economic Information Bulletins compiles evidence to help answer the question of whether the Food Stamp Program can do more to improve the food choices of participants. It examines the role of affordability and price of healthful foods in influencing food choices and the likely success of any policy targeted at changing food choices through food stamp bonuses or restrictions. It also examines other approaches to changing food choices, including nutrition education and potential strategies drawn from behavioral economics literature. Meaningful improvements in the diets of food stamp recipients will likely depend on...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59417

Integrating Invasive Species Prevention and Control Policies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Livingston,   Michael J.; Osteen,   Craig D.
Programs and policies to minimize the threat of, or mitigate the damages from, invasive species work best if designed in concert with each other. Whether program emphasis should be on prevention or control depends on the biological characteristics and size of the invasive species population, ecological characteristics of invaded ecosystems, the cost and efficacy of prevention measures relative to control measures, and the level of prevention costs borne abroad. Because all of these factors are highly variable, data needs are constant if intervention is to be both effective and economical.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural economics; Invasive species; Management programs; Pests; Plant diseases; Foreign pests; Trade; Production; ERS; USDA; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Production Economics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58991

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective-Nutrition Information:  Can It Improve the Diets of Low-Income Households?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Guthrie,   Joanne F.; Variyam,   Jayachandran N.
The Food Stamp Nutrition Education (FSNE) component of the Food Stamp Program is intended to improve the food choices, diet quality, and health of program participants. This brief discusses the FSNE program, how it operates, and how it has grown over time. The brief also considers the challenges of nutrition education in general and discusses the research and evaluation needs suggested by the findings.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59434

Food Dynamics and USDA's New Dietary Guidelines
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Leibtag,   Ephraim S.; Mancino,   Lisa.
Food Dynamics provides the most up-to-date information on consumer behavior and retail food market conditions.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food prices; Food consumption; Household food expenditures; Scanner data; ACNielsen Scanner Data; Food trends; Food Guide Pyramid; Dietary guidelines; ERS; USDA; Consumer/Household Economics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59399

America's Diverse Family Farms:  Structure and Finances
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hoppe,   Robert A.; MacDonald,   James M.; Banker,   David E.
American farms vary widely in size and other characteristics, but farming is still an industry of family businesses. Ninety-eight percent of farms are family farms, and they account for 86 percent of farm production. Very small farms are growing in number, and small family farms continue to own most farmland. But production is shifting toward very large family farms. Because small-farm households receive most of their income from off-farm work, general economic policies—such as tax policy or economic development policy—can be as important to them as traditional farm policy.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS); Family farms; Farm businesses; Farm financial performance; Farm-operator household income; Farm operators; Farm structure; Farm type; Multiple-operator farms; Multiple-generation farms; Small farms; ERS; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59406

Rural America At A Glance, 2007 Edition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kusmin,   Lorin D.
Rural America At A Glance, 2007 highlights the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions in rural areas for use in developing policies and programs to assist rural areas. The brochure provides information on key rural conditions and trends for use by public and private decisionmakers and others involved in efforts to enhance the economic opportunities and quality of life for rural people and their communities.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Rural indicators; Population growth; Employment; Rural unemployment; Rural economy; Nonmetro; Metro; Creative occupations; Rural America; Natural amenities; Census data; Educational attainment; College education; Poverty; Domestic migration; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59020

International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns:  An Update Using 2005 International Comparison Program Data
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Muhammad,   Andrew; Meade,   Birgit Gisela Saager.
In a 2003 report, International Evidence on Food Consumption Patterns, ERS economists estimated income and price elasticities of demand for broad consumption categories and food categories across 114 countries using 1996 International Comparison Program (ICP) data. This report updates that analysis with an estimated two-stage demand system across 144 countries using 2005 ICP data. Advances in ICP data collection since 1996 led to better results and more accurate income and price elasticity estimates. Low-income countries spend a greater portion of their budget on necessities, such as food, while richer countries spend a greater proportion of their income on luxuries, such as recreation. Low-value staples, such as cereals, account for a larger share of the...
Tipo: Technical Report
Palavras-chave: ICP 2005; High-value food products; Consumption patterns; Marginal share; Income elasticity; Price elasticity; ERS; USDA; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120252

Rural Hispanics At A Glance
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Kandel,   William.
Rural Hispanics at a Glance provides the latest information from the 2000 Census and other Federal data sources about Hispanics living in nonmetro counties. This six-page brochure highlights growth and geographic dispersion, demographic characteristics, and the most recent indicators of social and economic conditions for this population. It emphasizes rapid Hispanic population growth, particularly in new rural destinations of the Midwest and Southeast, and it illustrates differences in age structure between Hispanics and non-Hispanic Whites. The report also provides data on important demographic, labor market, income, poverty, and social service indicators for nonmetro Hispanics. Using a visually interesting format that incorporates text bullets with...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm Structure; Employment and Wages; Agribusiness; Food processing; Rural Policy Food and Nutrition; Poverty and Economy; Rural America; Rural Income; Rural Welfare; Labor and Education; Rural Population; And Rural Migration; ERS; USDA; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59402

Can Food Stamps Do More to Improve Food Choices?  An Economic Perspective-How Do Low-Income Households Respond to Food Prices
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lin,   Biing-Hwan; Guthrie,   Joanne F.
This brief examines how consumers respond to food prices and how consumers’ response to price influences their purchases of particular foods, using examples drawn from previous ERS research. Implications of the findings for the use of price interventions to improve food choices are considered.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food Stamp Program; Food consumption; Food prices; Food expenditures; Nutrition education; Behavioral economics; Food choices; Diet; Health; Fruits and vegetables; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Institutional and Behavioral Economics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59432

Growing Farm Size and the Distribution of Farm Payments
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: MacDonald,   James M.; Hoppe,   Robert A.; Banker,   David E.
Crop production is shifting to much larger farms. Since government commodity payments reflect production volumes for program commodities, payments are also shifting to larger farms. In turn, the operators of very large farms have substantially higher household incomes than other farm households, and as a result government commodity payments are also shifting to much higher-income households. Since the changes in farm structure appear to be ongoing, commodity payments will likely, under current policies, continue to shift to higher income households. This brief uses 2003 Agricultural Resource Management Survey (ARMS) data to detail the shifts.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Farm structure; Commodity programs; Farm payments; Farm household income; Farm income; Farm program payments; ERS; USDA; Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34089

Vegetable and Melons Outlook: June 24, 2010
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lucier,   Gary; Glaser,   Lewrene K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Potatoes; Tomatoes; Lettuce; Onions; Broccoli; Dry beans; Pinto; Dry peas; Lentils; Direct marketing; Supply; Demand; Prices; Retail; Farm; Fresh; Processing; Canned; Frozen; Wholesale; PPI; CPI; Input prices; Data; Market analysis; USDA; ERS; Economic Research Service; United States Department of Agriculture; VGS339; Agribusiness; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; Production Economics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92333