Consulta: subjectFacets:"East Africa"
Registros recuperados: 17
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 05:46:36

Supporting and Enhancing Development of Heterogeneous Ecological Knowledge among Resource Users in a Kenyan Seascape
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Crona, Beatrice Irene; Department of Systems Ecology; beatrice@ecology.su.se.
The heterogeneous nature of even small communities has been acknowledged, yet how such heterogeneity is reflected in local ecological knowledge (LEK) among groups of resource users in a community is poorly studied. This study examines the ecological knowledge held by fisher groups using differing gear and operating in different subsystems of a coastal seascape in south Kenya. Knowledge is compared to that of nonfishing groups and is analyzed with respect to the scales of ecological processes and disturbances affecting the ecosystem to identify mismatches of scale between local knowledge and ecological processes, as well as points of convergence upon which emerging scientific and local community information exchange can build and develop.   Results reveal...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Heterogeneous; Local ecological knowledge (LEK); Seascape; Kenya; East Africa; Artisanal fishery.
Ano: 2006

Elasticity in ecosystem services: exploring the variable relationship between ecosystems and human well-being
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Daw, Tim M.; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; tim.daw@su.se; Hicks, Christina C.; Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, UK; Center for Ocean Solutions, Stanford University, Monterey, California, USA; ARC Center of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia; christina.c.hicks@gmail.com; Brown, Katrina; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; katrina.brown@exeter.ac.uk; Chaigneau, Tomas; Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, UK; T.W.B.Chaigneau@exeter.ac.uk; Januchowski-Hartley, Fraser A.; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; f.a.hartley@gmail.com; Cheung, William W. L.; Nippon Foundation-Nereus Program, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada; w.cheung@oceans.ubc.ca; Crona, Beatrice; Global Economic Dynamics and the Biosphere, Royal Swedish Academy of Science, Stockholm, Sweden; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden; beatrice.crona@su.se; Coulthard, Sarah; Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; sarah.coulthard@northumbria.ac.uk; Sandbrook, Chris; United Nations Environment Programme World Conservation Monitoring Centre, Cambridge, UK; Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; chris.sandbrook@unep-wcmc.org; Perry, Chris; Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK; C.Perry@exeter.ac.uk; Muthiga, Nyawira A.; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, USA; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program Kenya, Mombasa, Kenya; nmuthiga@wcs.org; Bosire, Jared; WWF Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya; jbosire@wwfkenya.org; McClanahan, Tim R.; Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, New York, USA; tmcclanahan@wcs.org.
Although ecosystem services are increasingly recognized as benefits people obtain from nature, we still have a poor understanding of how they actually enhance multidimensional human well-being, and how well-being is affected by ecosystem change. We develop a concept of &amp;#8220;ecosystem service elasticity&amp;#8221; (ES elasticity) that describes the sensitivity of human well-being to changes in ecosystems. ES Elasticity is a result of complex social and ecological dynamics and is context dependent, individually variable, and likely to demonstrate nonlinear dynamics such as thresholds and hysteresis. We present a conceptual framework that unpacks the chain of causality from ecosystem stocks through flows, goods, value, and shares to contribute to the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coastal ecosystems; Conceptual framework; East Africa; Environmentalists&amp;#8217; ; Fisheries; Mangroves; Paradox.
Ano: 2016

What You Know is Who You Know? Communication Patterns Among Resource Users as a Prerequisite for Co-management
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Crona, Beatrice; Dept. of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University; beatrice@system.ecology.su.se.
The social networks is one factor determining the flow of information within communities and as such may be important in determining successful implementation of community based management. We mapped the social network used for communication of knowledge and information related to natural resource extraction among villagers in a coastal seascape in Kenya. We further identified subgroups and examined their interrelations while measuring to what extent personal attributes such as occupation can explain observed group structure. Finally, we compared the local ecological knowledge held by villagers of different occupations with the structure of the communication network to map how well this structure can explain distribution of ecological knowledge among them....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Co-management; Communication patterns; East Africa; Ecological knowledge; Fisheries; Fishing gear; Social networks.
Ano: 2006

Understanding the contribution of wild edible plants to rural social-ecological resilience in semi-arid Kenya
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Shumsky, Stephanie A; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; Steph.shumsky@gmail.com; Hickey, Gordon M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; gordon.hickey@mcgill.ca; Pelletier, Bernard; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; bernard.pelletier@mcgill.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: East Africa; Food policy; Food security; Social-ecological system; Subsistence agriculture; Sustainable livelihoods; Tharaka.
Ano: 2014

Reef-building corals (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) from the Watamu Marine National Reserve, Kenya; an annotated species list
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Lemmens, J.W.T.J.
The scleractinian fauna of the Watamu Marine National Reserve, Kenya, was surveyed between November 1982 and April 1983. The survey yielded 276 specimens representing 113 species in 45 genera, which are presented in an annotated checklist. Four genera and 43 species are added to the the list of previously known Scleractinia for East-Africa, bringing the number of species recorded for this region to 169. This substantial increase, as well as the high coral diversity of nearby communities, suggests that further additions can be expected.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Scleractinia; East Africa; Kenya; Coral diversity; Checklist; 42.74.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317999

Comparative reproductive anatomy in the South African giant land snails (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Achatinidae)
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Mead, A.R.
The history and current taxonomic status of 62 nominal taxa are revised that have been associated in the literature with the subgenus Tholachatina Bequaert, 1950, of genus Archachatina Albers, 1850, and the genus Cochlitoma Férussac, 1821, in the land snail family Achatinidae Swainson, 1840. Tangible, reliable characters have been found in the detailed features of the reproductive anatomy in this family. The results of comparative anatomical study convincingly reflect phylogeny in contrast to the comparative study of only the shell characters. This latter more strongly reflects the effects of the intrinsically variable environment over time. In the present study, both sets of characters are needed to refine identification.  Change, and therefore...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Mollusca; Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Achatinidae; Biogeography; Taxonomy; Genital anatomy; Southern Africa; East Africa; 42.73.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/214451

Seven new species of detritivorous and phytoplanktivorous haplochromines from Lake Victoria
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Zeeuw, M.P. de; Mietes, M.; Niemantsverdriet, P.; Huurne, S. ter; Witte, F.
Seven new species of haplochromine cichlids from Lake Victoria are described. They comprise four detritivorous and three phytoplanktivorous species. Their affinities to other Lake Victoria haplochromines are discussed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Cichlidae; Detritivores; East Africa; Haplochromis; Phytoplanktivores; 42.81.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/358750

Studies on the Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata) of Malawi 12 Four new species of Gulella s.l.
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
Gulella annibiodiversitatis spec. nov. is described from a few scattered localities in montane forest above c. 1300 m in southern-central Malaŵi. It is mainly characterized by a smallish (4.9-6.3 mm high), smooth and generally featureless shell without apertural dentition. Gulella menkhorsti spec. nov., has a small (2.3-2.9 mm high) and smooth shell with a six-fold dentition and is probably a restricted range endemic; so far it has only been recorded from the Mpita Forest in southern Malaŵi. A single smooth and small shell (2.7 mm) with a seven-fold apertural dentition from the Misuku Hills in northern Malaŵi also does represent a new species, Gulella crux spec. nov. Another sample from the same area, introduced as Gulella nuchalis spec. nov., has a...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Streptaxidae; Gulella; Malawi; East Africa; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/638094

Studies on the Streptaxidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda Pulmonata) of Malawi9. Description of Gulella streptostelopsis, a new Streptostele-like species of Gulella.
Provedor de dados: Naturalis Digital Academic Repository
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van.
Gulella streptostelopsis spec. nov. is described from a series of localities of mainly between 1000 and 1500 m a.s.l. in Malawi south of about 11°S. The minute, almost smooth, shell (length 2.0-2.4 mm) resembles that of the genus Streptostele (hence the name), but is characterized by three-fold apertural dentition and just under six whorls. This taxon may represent a new genus; pending studies on the anatomy no new generic name is proposed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Streptaxidae; Gulella; Streptostele; Taxonomy; Malawi; East Africa; 42.73.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/226596

Dairy development in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ahmed,   Mohamed A. M.; Ehui,   Simeon K.; Assefa,   Yemesrach.
Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment for livestock. Given the considerable potential for smallholder income and employment generation from high-value dairy products, development of the dairy sector in Ethiopia can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and nutrition in the country. Like other sectors of the economy, the dairy sector in Ethiopia has passed through three phases or turning points, following the economic and political policy in the country. In the most recent phase, characterized by the transition towards market-oriented economy, the dairy sector appears to be moving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Dairy; Livestock; Dairy products industry; Livestock productivity; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; East Africa; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60321

Transaction Costs and Market Institutions: Grain Brokers in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.
This paper examines the effect of transaction costs of search on the institution of grain brokers in Ethiopia. Primary data are used to derive traders’ shadow opportunity costs of labor and of capital from IV estimation of net profits. A twostep Tobit model is used in which traders first choose where to trade and then choose whether to use a broker to search on their behalf. The results confirm traders’ individual rationality in choosing brokerage, showing high transaction costs are linked to increased broker use while high social capital reduces broker use.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain; Economic aspects; Grain Prices; Ethiopia; Grain Trade; East Africa; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97388

Patterns and determinants of dietary micronutrient deficiencies in rural areas of East Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ecker,   Olivier; Weinberger,   Katinka; Qaim,   Matin.
Micronutrient malnutrition is a large public health problem in many developing countries, but its dimensions and determinants are not yet clearly understood, especially with respect to sub- Saharan Africa. Based on 24-hour recall data from rural households in Rwanda, Uganda and Tanzania, this study analyzes dietary patterns to provide a comprehensive picture of the risk of micronutrient deficiencies, with particular emphasis on bioavailable vitamin A, iron and zinc intakes. The results confirm that micronutrient deficiencies are widespread and positively correlated with calorie deficiency. Regression analysis suggests that income growth will bring about important nutritional improvements. However, more targeted interventions are needed, especially for...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Micronutrient deficiency; Determinants; Nutrient intake; Dietary patterns; East Africa; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93867

Fertilizer profitability in East Africa: A Spatially Explicit Policy Analysis
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Guo,   Zhe; Koo,   Jawoo; Wood,   Stanley.
Even though it is clear that Substantial growth in inorganic fertilizer use is a prerequisite for sustained agricultural growth in Africa, fertilizer use is still one of the factors explaining lagging agricultural productivity growth in SSA. High transport costs and less policy support pose a significant barrier to make fertilizer application profitable in Africa. This paper is aimed to identify organizational and institutional changes that could reduce fertilizer transport costs and their impacts on profitability of fertilizer application. A model is constructed to simulated transport costs from ports to farm-gate at pixel level based on the knowledge of road network condition, surface land cover type, slope, imported fertilizer price at the port, storing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Fertilizer profitability; Value cost ratio; Transport cost; East Africa; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development; Marketing.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51710

Managing Conflict Over Natural Resources in Greater Kordofan, Sudan: Some Recurrent Patterns and Governance Implications
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Siddig,   El Fatih Ali; El-Harizi,   Khalid; Prato,   Bettina.
Despite the 2005 Comprehensive Peace Agreement, which brought to an end 20 years of civil war in the Sudan, this country continues to experience smaller-scale conflicts, particularly around access to and control of natural resources. Some observers lay the blame for this on ethnopolitical or tribal divisions. However, this paper argues that there are a variety of factors at play behind these conflicts, notably the combination of resource scarcity with a crisis of governance that is particularly evident in transitional areas like the Kordofan region. To gain a sense of the range of conflicts around natural resources in Kordofan, the authors reviewed existing records such as government archives; conducted interviews with politicians, federal and state...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conflict management; Natural resource management; Small farmers; Land use; Livelihoods; Public spending; Infrastructure; Property rights; Governance; Sustainability; Sudan; East Africa; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42402

The Case of Smallholder Dairying in Eastern Africa
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ngigi,   Margaret.
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the economy of sub-Saharan Africa. A feature of particular significance about the region is that the majority of households are heavily dependent on agriculture as their major source of livelihood. Smallholder agriculture is the principal producer of staple foods and cash crops, accounting for very large shares of national production and marketed output. For the respective countries, therefore, the performance of smallholder agriculture has crucial implications for the overall economic development process including the alleviation of rural poverty. The demands created by steadily increasing populations, and the pressing need to increase agricultural productivity means that these countries must continuously adopt methods...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Dairying; East Africa; Uganda; Kenya; Livestock; Smallholders; Poverty alleviation; Population growth; Agricultural productivity; Small farmers; Rural poor; Livestock Production/Industries; Q1; Q15.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59246

Occurrence of Bondar's Nesting Whitefly, Paraleyrodes bondari (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), on cassava in Uganda
Provedor de dados: Revista Brasileira de Entomologia
Autores: Omongo,Christopher Abu; Namuddu,Annet; Okao-Okuja,Geofrey; Alicai,Titus; van Brunschot,Sharon; Ouvrard,David; Colvin,John.
ABSTRACT Cassava is a valued calorific source to millions of Africans who eat it daily and a vital staple for their food security. One of the key constraints to this crop is whiteflies which are both a vector of viral diseases and a direct pest. Although the African cassava whitefly is known to cause physical damage on cassava with considerable tuberous yield loss, a recent whitefly outbreak caused unusually severe damage, which prompted the current reported investigation. Molecular identification of whitefly adults sampled from the affected cassava field revealed the presence of a new whitefly species, Paraleyrodes bondari. This communication is the first report of the occurrence of P. bondari on cassava in Uganda.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: East Africa; Invasive; Manihot; New pest; Food security.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262018000400257

Potential of East African phosphate rock deposits in integrated nutrient management strategies
Provedor de dados: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
Autores: Jama,Bashir; Van Straaten,Peter.
Phosphorus deficiency affects around 80% of the acid soils of western Kenya, but fertilizer use is limited due to high prices. This paper explores the potential of local phosphate rocks (PR) as a remedy within the context on an integrated soil fertility management approach. A promising phosphate rock is Minjingu PR (MPR, Tanzania), a sedimentary/biogenic deposit which contains about 13% total P and 3% neutral ammonium citrate (NAC) soluble P. On-farm trials in P-deficient soils in western Kenya demonstrate MPR to be as effective as triple superphosphate (TSP, 20% P) at equal P rates. The benefits are most pronounced with the integration of agroforestry technologies that improve soil fertility. Besides Minjingu PR, Busumbu PR from Uganda (BPR) is...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fertilizers; Maize; Improved fallows; Tithonia; East Africa.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652006000400012