Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ecology"
Registros recuperados: 900
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 06:13:15

New record and additions to the argentinean bryophyte flora
Provedor de dados: 66
Autores: Fuertes,Esther; Prada,Carmen.
New record and additions to the Argentinean bryophyte flora. Steereella lilliana is reported as a new record for the bryophyte flora in Argentina and South America. Furthermore, the distribution of Frullania brasiliensis in Argentina, previously known only from Misiones and Salta, is expanded to the provinces of Tucumán and Córdoba. Additionally, Stephaniella paraphyllina, is new to the province of San Luis, collected in Sierra de Comechingones, and this represents its southernmost distribution. Brief comments about morphological characters, keys to related species in Argentina, as well as habitat details are given.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Argentina; Bryophyte flora; Distribution; Ecology; Frullania; Marchantiophyta; Steereella; Stephaniella.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0011-67932014000100004

Variación ecológica, morfológica y química: atributos clave para el aprovechamiento y conservación de Jatropha sp.
Provedor de dados: 32
Autores: Hernández Nicolás, Nancy Yazmin.
En México se consignan 45 especies para el género Jatropha (Euphorbiaceae). La Reserva de las Biosfera de Tehuacán-Cuicatlán concentra riqueza genética y endemismo para este género, que proporciona alimento, medicina y energía a los habitantes, pero falta información sobre la distribución, ecología y aprovechamiento de las especies. Esta tesis se organizó en tres capítulos. En el primero se precisaron taxonómicamente las especies de Jatropha, se diferenciaron las Unidades Ambientales (UA) en las que habitan, se valoró el estado de conservación de sus hábitats y se calificó la vulnerabilidad de sus poblaciones; en el segundo capítulo, se verificó la variación morfológica intra e interespecífica; y,  en el último, se caracterizó el aprovechamiento...
Palavras-chave: Ecología; Usos; Conservación; Variación morfológica; Ecology; Uses; Conservation; Morphological variation; Genética; Maestría; Jatropha especies; Jatropha species.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/2290

Competing Claims on Natural Resources: What Role for Science?
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Giller, Ken E.; Wageningen University; ken.giller@wur.nl; Leeuwis, Cees; Wageningen University; cees.leeuwis@wur.nl; Andersson, Jens A.; Wageningen University; University of the Witwatersrand; jens.andersson@wur.nl; Andriesse, Wim; Wageningen University;; Brouwer, Arie; Wageningen University;; Frost, Peter; University of Zimbabwe;; Hebinck, Paul; Wageningen University;; van Ittersum, Martin K.; Wageningen University;; Koning, Niek; ;; Ruben, Ruerd; ;; Slingerland, Maja; Wageningen University;; Udo, Henk; Wageningen University;; Veldkamp, Tom; Wageningen University; Tom.Veldkamp@wur.nl; van de Vijver, Claudius; Wageningen University;; van Wijk, Mark T.; Wageningen University;; Windmeijer, Pieter; Wageningen University;.
Competing claims on natural resources become increasingly acute, with the poor being most vulnerable to adverse outcomes of such competition. A major challenge for science and policy is to progress from facilitating univocal use to guiding stakeholders in dealing with potentially conflicting uses of natural resources. The development of novel, more equitable, management options that reduce rural poverty is key to achieving sustainable use of natural resources and the resolution of conflicts over them. Here, we describe an interdisciplinary and interactive approach for: (i) the understanding of competing claims and stakeholder objectives; (ii) the identification of alternative resource use options, and (iii) the scientific support to negotiation processes...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Agricultural science; Conflict; Ecology; Level; Methodology; Natural resource management; Scale; Social science; Sustainable agriculture.
Ano: 2008

&amp;#321;egha&amp;#769;gots'enete&amp;#808; (learning together): the importance of indigenous perspectives in the identification of biological variation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Polfus, Jean L.; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; jeanpolfus@gmail.com; Manseau, Micheline; Office of the Chief Ecosystem Scientist, Parks Canada, Gatineau, Qu&amp;#233;bec, Canada; Natural Resources Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Micheline.Manseau@pc.gc.ca; Bayha, Walter; De&amp;#769;l&amp;#305;&amp;#808;ne&amp;#808; Land Corporation, De&amp;#769;l&amp;#305;&amp;#808;ne&amp;#808;, Northwest Territories, Canada; nihtla321@gmail.com; Rice, Keren; Department of Linguistics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; rice@chass.utoronto.ca; Wilson, Paul; Biology Department, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, Canada; pawilson@trentu.ca.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Biocultural diversity; Biodiversity; Caribou; Collaborative research; Ecology; First Nation; Genetic variation; Indigenous communities; Population genetics; Population structure; Rangifer tarandus; Resource management; Social-ecological systems; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2016

The Life and Times of Snoek
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Norton, Marieke; University of Cape Town; mariekenorton@gmail.com.
The Cape Snoek, or Thyrsites atun, is a species of fish that has a significant presence in the history of the Western Cape and the development of Cape Town.  The snoek is a lively creature that is historically, culturally, economically, and ecologically active in the Western Cape. I argue that in the case of the Cape snoek, the fish and the Cape are performed together; through acts of differentiation, they mutually constitute one another.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Economy; History; Snoek  Western Cape.
Ano: 2013

Ecology, Planning, and River Management in the United States: Some Historical Reflections
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Reuss, Martin; U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Martin.A.Reuss@HQ02.USACE.ARMY.MIL.
River ecologists are also river-basin planners. However, their role in planning has developed slowly over the decades since the beginning of the 20th century. Three major factors explain this phenomenon. First, ecologists focused on plant and animal communities rather than on  broader policy issues related to land settlement and water development. Second, the federal government, and most state and local governments as well, used mainly economic criteria to justify projects. Intangible benefits, including the value of species or an aesthetically pleasing landscape, drew relatively little attention. Third, the public generally favored development, especially during the Great Depression of the 1930s. Only after World War II did the public's position shift in...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: History; Ecology; River basins; Water management; Planning; Benefit-cost analysis; Multiobjective planning; River restoration; Geomorphology.
Ano: 2005

Toward increased engagement between academic and indigenous community partners in ecological research
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Adams, Megan S.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; megan.s.adams@gmail.com; Carpenter, Jennifer; Heiltsuk Integrated Resource Management Department; jcarpenter2@heiltsuknation.ca; Housty, Jess A.; Qqs Projects Society;; Neasloss, Douglass; Kitasoo/Xai-Xais Integrated Resource Authority; Spirit Bear Research Foundation;; Paquet, Paul C.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; ppaquet@baudoux.ca; Service, Christina; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Spirit Bear Research Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; christina.service@gmail.com; Walkus, Jennifer; Wuikinuxv Nation Fisheries;; Darimont, Chris T.; Department of Geography, University of Victoria; Raincoast Conservation Foundation; Hakai Beach Institute; darimont@uvic.ca.
Ecological research, especially work related to conservation and resource management, increasingly involves social dimensions. Concurrently, social systems, composed of human communities that have direct cultural connections to local ecology and place, may draw upon environmental research as a component of knowledge. Such research can corroborate local and traditional ecological knowledge and empower its application. Indigenous communities and their interactions with and management of resources in their traditional territories can provide a model of such social-ecological systems. As decision-making agency is shifted increasingly to indigenous governments in Canada, abundant opportunities exist for applied ecological research at the community level....
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Aboriginal; Collaborative research; Community engagement; Ecology; First Nations; Indigenous communities; Natural science; Resource management; Social-ecological systems; Trust.
Ano: 2014

Tools for Resilience Management:  Multidisciplinary Development of State-and-Transition Models for Northwest Colorado
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Kachergis, Emily J.; Bureau of Land Management, Denver, Colorado; emily.kachergis@gmail.com; Knapp, Corrine N.; Alaska Center for Climate and Policy; corrieknapp@yahoo.com; Fernandez-Gimenez, Maria E.; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; Maria.Fernandez-Gimenez@colostate.edu; Ritten, John P.; Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wyoming; John.Ritten@uwyo.edu; Pritchett, James G.; Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Colorado State University; James.Pritchett@colostate.edu; Parsons, Jay; Western Center for Integrated Resource Management, Colorado State University; Jay.Parsons@colostate.edu; Hibbs, Willow; Wyoming Game and Fish Department and USDA-NRCS; Willow.Hibbs@wy.usda.gov; Roath, Roy; Department of Forest and Rangeland Stewardship, Colorado State University; Roy.Roath@colostate.edu.
Building models is an important way of integrating knowledge.  Testing and updating models of social-ecological systems can inform management decisions and, ultimately, improve resilience.  We report on the outcomes of a six-year, multidisciplinary model development process in the sagebrush steppe, USA. We focused on creating state-and-transition models (STMs), conceptual models of ecosystem change that represent nonlinear dynamics and are being adopted worldwide as tools for managing ecosystems.  STM development occurred in four steps with four distinct sets of models:  (1) local knowledge elicitation using semistructured interviews; (2) ecological data collection using an observational study; (3) model integration using participatory workshops; and (4)...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Ecology; Ecosystem dynamics; Knowledge integration; Participatory research; Rangeland; Sagebrush steppe.
Ano: 2013

Outcomes of State- vs. Community-Based Mangrove Management in Southern Thailand
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Sudtongkong, Chanyut; Asian Institute of Technology; Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya; chanuyts@gmail.com; Webb, Edward L.; Asian Institute of Technology; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore; ted.webb@nus.edu.sg.
In Thailand, mangrove forests are claimed for state management, although it is widely recognized that coastal communities access and manage those forests. Skepticism persists within Thai government circles about whether coastal villages can sustainably manage and protect mangroves. This research presents evidence of successful mangrove conservation and management by two coastal villages in Trang province, southern Thailand. Using interdisciplinary methods including interviews, discussions, quantitative forest surveys, and institutional analysis, we describe the history of how these two communities gained rights to manage the mangrove forests, and the subsequent positive biological outcomes associated with their management. Local villages have crafted and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Collective action; Ecology; Forest management; Institutions; Management; Sustainability.
Ano: 2008

The Problem of Scale in Indigenous Knowledge: a Perspective from Northern Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wohling, Marc; Charles Darwin University; mwohling@brahminyhouse.com.au.
Over the last decade, indigenous knowledge has been widely touted by researchers and natural resource managers as a valuable contributor to natural resource management and biodiversity conservation. In Australia, the concept of indigenous knowledge has gained such rapid currency that it has tended toward an essentialized and universal truth rather than remaining a diverse range of highly localized and contested knowledge.   In this paper, I undertake a critical analysis of some of the current issues around the interpretation and application of indigenous knowledge  and its relationship with natural resource management in northern Australia. Through a focus on how indigenous knowledge operates at a range of scales, I argue that indigenous knowledge is not...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Decision making; Ecological scale; Ecology; Ethnoecology; Indigenous knowledge; Natural resource management; Northern Australia.
Ano: 2009

Merits and Limits of Ecosystem Protection for Conserving Wild Salmon in a Northern Coastal British Columbia River
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hill, Aaron C.; Watershed Watch Salmon Society; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; hillfish@telus.net; Bansak, Thomas S.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; tom.bansak@umontana.edu; Ellis, Bonnie K.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; bonnie.ellis@umontana.edu; Stanford, Jack A.; Flathead Lake Biological Station, University of Montana; jack.stanford@umontana.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ecology; Fisheries management; Habitat; Kitlope River; Pacific salmon; Resilience; Salmon stronghold.
Ano: 2010

Code, L. 2006. Ecological Thinking: the Politics of Epistemic Location. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biermann, Maureen; Department  of Geography, Pennsylvania State University; biermann@psu.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Book review; Ecology; Epistemology; Feminist philosophy; Resilience.
Ano: 2010

Санитарно-бактериологическая характеристика Карантинной бухты (Севастополь, Черное море)
Provedor de dados: 13
Autores: Миронов, О. Г.; Енина, Л. В.; Сосновская, Р. В.; Волков, Н. Г.
Приведены данные санитарно-бактериологическнх исследований бухты Карантинной (Севастополь, Черное море). Полученные результаты дают экологическую характеристику данной акватории и являются основой для последующих мониторинговых исследований.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://repository.ibss.org.ua/dspace/handle/99011/508

Ostracodes (Crustacea) from Cananéia-Iguape estuarine/lagoon system and geographical distribution of the mixohaline assemblages in southern and southeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Coimbra,João C.; Carreño,Ana L.; Geraque,Eduardo A.; Eichler,Beatriz B.
The ostracode assemblages from Cananéia-Iguape estuarine/lagoon system (southernmost State of São Paulo) are here discussed in detail for the first time. Thirty-four sites, approximately 1 km equidistant, were sampled along the system, including the Cananéia Sea, Pequeno Sea, Cubatão Sea, Ribeira de Iguape River and Itapitangui River. The ostracodes throughout this area have poor assemblages, with a total of 662 specimens of dead and living organisms. The majority of the ostracode fauna is composed of euryhaline species, as follows: Cyprideis multidentata Hartmann, 1955 (174 specimens), Minicythere heinii Ornellas, 1974 (54 specimens), Tanella gracilis Kingma, 1948 (96 specimens) and Whatleyella sanguinettiae Coimbra, Carreño &amp;amp; Ferron, 1994 (226...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ostracoda; Geographical distribution; Ecology; Marginal environments; Brazil.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212007000300010

Estrutura floral das angiospermas usadas por Heliconius erato phyllis (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) no Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Corrêa,Claudine A.; Irgang,Bruno E.; Moreira,Gilson R.P.
A field survey of flowering plants used as food resource by the adults of Heliconius erato phyllis (Fabricius, 1775) was carried out in four sites located in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. Samples were taken in preserved areas of the Atlantic Rain and Myrtaceae forests, an Eucalyptus plantation, and an urban park. Adult feeding frequencies on flowers were registered monthly from December 1996 to May 1997, on plants located on previously marked 200 m long transects. Flowers on which H. erato phyllis fed in the field were collected, drawn and morphometrically characterized. Feeding was registered on flowers of twenty-three species, of which seventeen are new records for H. erato in Brazil . The use of a given plant varied among localities, as a function of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Pollination; Pollen feeding; Lepidoptera; Ecology; Heliconius erato phyllis.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212001000100008

Recruitment and colonization of colonial ascidians (Tunicata: Ascidiacea) on intertidal rocks in Northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Gama,Petrônio Bezerra; Leonel,Rosa M. V.; Hernández,Malva I. M.; Mothes,Beatriz.
Recruitment and colonization of colonial ascidians, starting on natural scraped substratum, was observed throughout one year, in quadrats marked on sea- and continental-rock faces in the sublittoral fringe of an exposed beach in the Northeast of Brazil. The species of the Didemnidae, Didemnum duplicatum Monniot, 1983, D. psammathodes Sluiter, 1895, and Polysyncraton amethysteum Van Name, 1902, and an unidentified species of Polycitoridae, Eudistoma sp. 1, were recruited. Presenting continuous recruitment of all species, the density of living and dead recruits and colonies was similar on both faces of the rocks. The highest rainfall during winter, affected significantly the recruits density of D. duplicatum and D. psammathodes. Different permanence periods...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Rocky shore; Didemnidae; Paraíba State.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212006000200005

Population biology of Eudendrium caraiuru (Cnidaria, Anthoathecata, Eudendriidae) from São Sebastião Channel, Southeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Oliveira,Otto M. P.; Marques,Antonio C.
The ecology of Eudendrium spp. from the Brazilian coast is poorly known, although it already proved to be useful and important as a tool to solve some taxonomical problems of the genus. The seasonality and reproduction patterns of a population of Eudendrium caraiuru Marques &amp;amp; Oliveira, 2003 were studied. Data were sampled from test panels immersed in the water off Cabelo Gordo de Dentro beach, in São Sebastião Channel, Southeastern Brazil, from July 1999 to July 2000, every three months. Eudendrium caraiuru was active throughout the study period. Reproductive peaks of the species were regulated by cold and low-salinity water, although part of the population always bore mature gonophores. In addition to morphological differences, ecological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Population biology; Ecology; Natural history; Eudendrium caraiuru.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212005000300003

Hidracáridos (Acari, Hydrachnidia) de la cuenca Andina del río Beni, Bolivia
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Rosso de Ferradás,Beatriz; Fernández,Hugo R.; Rocabado,Blanca G.
Water mites from Andean part of the Bolivian Amazonian rivers were examined. A new species is described, Limnesia aymara. New records and redescription are made for Hygrobatella multiacetabulata Cook,1980, Atractides brasiliensis (Lundblad, 1937) and Krendowskia convexa (Ribaga, 1902). A new subgenus Schwoerbelobatella for hygrobatelids poliacetabulated is proposed and characterized. Ecological characteristics of the river area sampled and ecological preferences of the analyzed species are discussed.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: New subgenus; Tropical andean; Hydrachnidia; Ecology.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212004000300014

Caracterização geo-ambiental do município de Carica (SE).
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RICHE, G. R.; MANTOVANI, L. E.
Trata sobre o municipio de Carica (SE): localizacao, extensao, populacao, clima, geologia, vegetacao, relevo, hidrografia, as unidades geo-ambientais, as grandes unidades de solos, os quadros agrario e agricola, recomendacoes e sugestoes complementares. Anexo: roteiro metodologico para o zoneamento geo-ambiental a nivel de municipio no Estado de Sergipe.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Localizacao; Extensao; Sergipe; Carira; Relievo; Hydrography; Localization; Extension; Solo; Clima; Ecologia; Geologia; Hidrografia; População; Relevo; Vegetação; Climate; Ecology; Geology; Brazil; Population; Soil; Vegetation.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133056

Problemas agroambientais e perspectivas sociológicas: uma abordagem exploratória.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: QUIRINO, T. R.; ABREU, L. S. de.
Ação humana, organização social e ecológica; Surgimento dos problemas e movimentos ecológicos; O débito da agricultura nos problemas ambientais reconhecidos; A procura da agricultura por novos caminhos; Resposta das ciências sociais aos problemas ecológicos: entre paradigmas antropocêntricos e ecocêntricos.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cultura social; Meio ambiente; Ecologia; Agricultura; Impacto ambiental; Sociologia rural; Environment; Ecology; Agriculture; Environmental impact; Rural sociology.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/631411

Zoneamento agroecologico do Nordeste (diagnostico do quadro natural e agrossocioeconomico).
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ARAUJO FILHO, J. C. de.
A regiao Nordeste do Brasil apresenta uma diversidade muito grande do seu quadro natural. Compreende paisagens com chapadas, planaltos, depressoes, baixadas, varzeas, dunas, restingas, mangues; florestas, cerrados, caatingas; solos de alta e baixa fertilidade natural, profundos, rasos; relevo plano, pouco movimentado e movimentado; clima quente e umido, quente e seco, etc. Por nao existir nenhum documento com uma analise integrada do quadro natural e agrossocioeconomico da regiao, a EMBRAPA desenvolveu o presente estudo com a meta principal de caracterizar e espacializar os diversos ambientes naturais que integram a regiao. O objetivo principal do zoneamento agroecologico do Nordeste foi subsidiar orgao de desenvolvimento e credito na elaboracao e analise...
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Zoneamento agroecologico; Nordeste; Agroecological zoning; Natural resource; Northeast; Narural resource; Ecologia; Recurso Natural; Ecology.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/131498

Interação de fatores biofísicos e do uso da terra da dinâmica da paisagem do município de Ourém, Pará, em sistema de informação geográfica.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SILVA, L. G. T.; SILVA, B. N. R. da; ROCHA, A. M. A. da; SAMPAIO, S. M. N.
bitstream/item/61286/1/CPATU-Doc133.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Ecologia agricola; Dinâmica da paisagem; Ourém; Pará; Brasil; Landiscaping; Landscape.; Paisagismo; Reconhecimento do Solo; Uso da Terra.; Agriculture; Amazonia; Ecology; Land use; Soil surveys.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/376599

Ecologia da polinização da aroeira-do-sertão.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: KIILL, L. H. P.; SILVA, P. P. da.
Morfologia e biologia floral; visistantes florais; frutos.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Aroeira-do-Sertão; Bioma Caatinga; Biologia floral.; Polinização; Ecologia; Abelha; Inseto; Caatinga; Fruto.; Ecology; Pollination; Fruits.; Insects.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/159735

Ecossistema de pastagem cultivada na Amazônia brasileira.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: FALESI, I. C.
A pesquisa foi realizada em áreas com pastos de idades diferentes, desde meses de idade (formação) ate 11 anos, tomando-se a área com floresta natural como elemento de comparação (testemunha). Foram coletadas amostras de solos de 0-20 cm em cada uma dessas áreas, alem da coleta de perfis pedagógicos ate a uma profundidade de 1,50 m. Apos a obtenção das analises no laboratório, constatou-se que vários nutrientes e índices ou valores, sofreram acréscimos quando o solo foi cultivado com pastagem, melhorando portanto, as suas propriedades químicas. Os elementos que mais se evidenciaram, foram: cálcio, magnésio, fosforo, alumínio, e os índices de pH, V (saturação de bases), S (soma de bases) e saturação de alumínio. Os quadros de analises e gráficos constantes...
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Brasil; Sown pasture; Ecosystem; Fertility.; Clima; Ecologia; Ecossistema; Fertilidade; Geologia; Pastagem Cultivada; Topografia; Solo; Vegetação.; Amazonia; Ecology; Geology; Climate; Topography; Soil; Vegetation.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/385693

Planejamento da paisagem e propriedade.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ARAUJO, F. A. S.; PAULA, J. B. de; RODRIGUES, M. G.; MENDES, P. P.; OLIVEIRA, M. D. de; CUNHA, C, N. da; TREVELLIN, A.; SANTOS, C. C.; PINTO, E. C. T; SANTOS, S. A.; TOMAS, W. M.
Macrohabitats; Legislação ambiental; Reserva Legal; Uso de recursos hídricos; Responsabilidade ambiental; Instrumentos econômicos de política ambiental;
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Meio Ambiente; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Equilíbrio Ecológico; Environmental sustainability; Ecology; Wetland conservation; Pantanal.
Ano: 2021
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1134044

Caracterização ambiental do Vale do Submédio São Francisco.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SA, I. B.; SÁ, I. I. S.; SILVA, A. de S.; SILVA, D. F. da.
O Vale do Submédio São Francisco est· localizado na região sertaneja no oeste do Estado de Pernambuco e norte do Estado da Bahia, entre os paralelos 07? 0í00íí e 10? 301í00íí de Latitude Sul e entre os meridianos 37? 00í00íí e 41? 00í00íí de Longitude Oeste, com uma ·rea de 125.755 Km2 . Abrange municípios de dois estados do Nordeste brasileiro, conforme Tabela 1, incluindo as sub-bacias dos rios Paje ?, Tour„o e Vargem, alÈm da sub-bacia do Rio Moxotó, ultimo afluente da margem esquerda
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Caracterização; Vale do São Francisco; Clima; Vegetação; Relevo; Caatinga; Rural development; Economic development; Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/661912

Ocorrência de ectoparasitos de morcegos cavernícolas em cinco localidades de cerrado do Brasil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: PORTELLA, A. de S.; REZENDE, S. S.; CAMARGO, W. R. de; MOURA, F. B. U. de; AGUIAR, L. M. de S.
bitstream/CPAC-2009/26916/1/p2005_69.pdf
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Ecologia; Mamífero; Morcego; Parasito.; Chiroptera; Ecology; Mammals; Parasites.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/569521

Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares em diferentes agroecossistemas na região do Baixo Amazonas.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: YING, E. C.; FALESI, I. C.
bitstream/item/57631/1/CPATU-PA195.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Fungo do solo; Ecologia do fungo; Ecologia agrícola; Santarém; Belterra; Pará; Brasil; Althernative agriculture.; Micorriza.; Amazonia; Ecology; Mycorrhizae; Soil fungi.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/375194

Densidades, tamanho de grupo e reprodução de emas no Pantanal Sul.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: HASENCLEVER, L.; REIMAN, C.; MOURÃO, G. de M.; CAMPOS, Z. M. da S.
Este estudo sobre a ecologia das emas no Pantanal foi uma primeira experiência na região, e teve o objetivo de avaliar as possibilidades de utilização da espécie nas fazendas do Pantanal da Nhecolândia. A população estimada, através de um levantamento aéreo, foi de 6.500 emas adultas, em todo o Pantanal. Na fazenda Nhumirim foram encontrados 73 grupos de emas durante o estudo, e o número de grupos variou ao longo do ano, de 2 a 17 indivíduos. A razão sexual foi de 1 macho para 3,6 fêmeas. Os ninhos foram feitos pelos machos, em áreas abertas e em áreas fechadas. Nos 2 anos do estudo foram encontrados 26 ninhos, e o número de ovos variou de 5 a 25. O principal predador dos ninhos foi o tatu-peba. A população de emas no Pantanal está bem conservada e existe...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Levantamento aéreo; Densidade; Tamanho de grupos; Greater rhea; Aerial survey; Size group.; Ema; Ecologia; Ninho; População.; Pantanal; Ecology; Population.; Nests.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/811105

O Bioma Caatinga representado na cultura popular nordestina.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: ALBUQUERQUE, S. G. de.
Algumas características da Caatinga; Efeito das secas vs. efeito do sobreuso; Desmitificação vs. valorização de forregtias; Ave-símbolo do Semi-Árido; Romantismo vs. ecologia; Previsão meteorológica; Músicas que se inserem no zoneamento agroecológico; Músicas que valem como considerações finais.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Característica; Recursos naturais; Música popular; Nordeste; Região semi-árida; Characteristics; Pasture; Popular music; Ecosystem; Northeast; Semi-arid region; Bioma Caatinga; Natural resource.; Recurso natural; Caatinga; Ecossistema; Ecologia; Pastagem Nativa; Vegetação.; Ecology; Natural resources; Vegetation.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/134545

Informações sobre a ecologia de freijó-cinza (Cordia goeldiana Huber).
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CARPANEZZI, A. A.; KANASHIRO, M.
bitstream/item/57648/1/DOCUMENTOS-14-CPATU.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Freijó; Brasil.; Cordia Goeldiana; Ecologia; Distribuição Geográfica; Regeneração Natural.; Amazonia; Geographical distribution; Ecology; Natural regeneration.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/381174

Reflexões e relatos sobre a prática da agroecologia intermediada pela alfabetização ecológica.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MATRANGOLO, W. J. R.
bitstream/item/94574/1/doc-162.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Ecologia; Agricultura; Educação ambiental; Ecology; Environmental education; Environment.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/974393

Caracterizacao geo-ambiental do município de Ribeirópolis (SE).
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RICHE, G. R.; MANTOVANI, L. E.
Trata sobre o Municipio de Ribeiropolis (SE). Traz a localizacao, extensao, populacao, clima, geologia, vegetacao, relevo , hidrografia, as unidades geo-ambientais, as grandes unidades de solos, os quadros agrario e agricola, recomendacoes e sugestoes complementares. Anexo: roteiro metodologico para o zoneamento geo-ambiental a nivel de municipio no Estado de Sergipe.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Extensao; Localizacao; Sergipe; Ribeiropolis; Extension; Localization; Relievo; Hydrography; Solo; Clima; Ecologia; Geologia; Hidrografia; População; Relevo; Vegetação; Soil; Climate; Ecology; Geology; Brazil; Population; Vegetation.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133057

Estudos fito-ecológicos do trópico úmido brasileiro. III. Conteúdo de nutrientes em cinzas de floresta e capoeira, Capitão Poço - PA.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: DANTAS, M.; MATOS, A. de O.
bitstream/item/28973/1/CPATU-BP24.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Fertilização; Capitão-Poço; Pará; Brasil; Nutrient; Forest; Fertizer; Brushwood.; Adubação; Capoeira; Ecologia; Floresta; Nutriente; Queimada; Solo; Vegetação.; Amazonia; Ecology; Burning; Vegetation.; Soil.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/379783

Zoneamento agroecologico do abacaxizeiro nos latossolos dos cerrados de Minas Gerais.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: FEITOZA, L. R.; COELHO, D. T.; SILVA, T. C. A. da; RESENDE, M.
Cerca de 308.000 km2, isto e, 53% do territorio do Estado de Minas Gerais estao incluidos na regiao dos Cerrados, onde predominam latossolos com propriedades fisicas adequadas para a abacaxicultura. A incorporacao desses solos ao processo de producao agricola brasileira tem sido de grande relevancia. Dentre as alternativas de uso que eles oferecem para a fruticultura, destaca-se o cultivo do abacaxizeiro, que se mostra adaptado ao conjunto de condicoes ecologicas proprias dessas areas. Todavia, sob diferentes climas, o desenvolvimento da planta e a qualidade do fruto, variam sensivelmente, e, a diversidade de condicoes na regiao em estudo, configura para obtencao de produtos de qualidade variada. Foi realizado estudo sobre as exigencias ecologicas da...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Zoneamanto agricola; Minas Gerais; Brasil; Agricultural zones; Agroecologicalz oning; Ecologic zones; Environments; Fence.; Abacaxi; Ananás Comosus; Cerrado; Latossolo; Zoneamento Ecológico.; Ananas; Agricultural zoning; Brazil; Ecology; Pineapples.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/547482

Hydrology and vegetation base for classification of macrohabitats of the brazilian Pantanal for policy-making and management.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CUNHA, C. N. da; BERGIER, I.; TOMAS, W. M.; DAMASCENO-JUNIOR, G. A.; SANTOS, S. A.; ASSUNÇÃO, V. A.; SARTORI, A. L. B.; POTT, A.; ARRUDA, E. C. de; GARCIA, A. da S.; NICOLA, R. D.; JUNK, W. J.
Further studies on the ecological conditions in the southern Pantanal revealed the need for expansions of the classification system to include additional macrohabitats specific to the region. Here we present a complete classification system of the macrohabitats of the entire Brazilian Pantanal and discuss its implications for scientific studies and public policies related to sustainable management and protection.
Tipo: Artigo de periódico
Palavras-chave: Ecologia; Habitat; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Ecossistema; Ecology; Habitats; Sustainable development; Ecosystem management.
Ano: 2021
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1142415

Pesquisas florestais da EMBRAPA na região Amazônica.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SILVA, J. N. M.; CARPANEZZI, A. A.; COSTA, H. B. da; CARVALHO, J. O. P. de; LOPES, J. do C. A.; YARED, J. A. G.; MARQUES, L. C. T.; KANASHIRO, M.; VIANNA, N. G.; COSTA FILHO, P. P.; BRIENZA JUNIOR, S.
bitstream/item/50351/1/documentos130001.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Exploração; Melhoramento genético; Sistema agroflorestal; Brasil; Forest; Exploitation; Management; Genetic; Agroforesty system.; Ecologia; Floresta; Manejo; Pesquisa.; Amazonia; Ecology; Breeding; Research.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/381407

Peixes insetívoros e zooplanctófagos da planície inundável do Rio Miranda, Pantanal, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RESENDE, E. K. de; PEREIRA, R. A. C.; ALMEIDA, V. L. L. de; SILVA, A. G. da.
Estudou-se a alimentacao de peixes insetivoros e zooplanctofagos de quatro ambientes da planicie de inundacao do rio Miranda (dois bracos mortos, uma vazante e uma lagoa). Cinco especies sao insetivoras (T. stellatus, R. hahni, P. mucosa, P. striatulus e B. splendens), seis zooplanctofagas (P. kennedyi, E. benjamini, H. littorale, C. callichthys, B. britski e S. pappaterra) e tres, zooplanctofagas, insetivoras ou ambas, dependendo da disponibilidade desses alimentos no ambiente (M. dichroura, P. paraguayensis e E. trilineata). Estas especies, juntamente com as detritivoras, compoem a base da cadeia alimentar aquatica no Pantanal.
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Comunidade; Peixe onivoro; Rio Miranda; Mato Grosso do Sul; Brasil; Comunity; Feeding; Onivorus fishes.; Alimentação; Cadeia Alimentar; Ecologia; Peixe.; Brazil; Pantanal; Fish; Ecology; Food chain.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/804404

Caracterização geo-ambiental do município de Poço Redondo - SE.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RICHE, G. R.; MANTOVANI, L. E.
Trata sobre o municipio de Poco Redondo (SE): localizacao, extensao, populacao, clima, geologia, vegetacao, relevo, hidrografia, as unidades geo-ambientais, as grande unidades de solos, os quadros agrario e agricola, recomendacoes e sugestoes complementares. Anexo: roteiro metodologico para o zoneamento geo-ambiental a nivel de municipio no Estado de Sergipe.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Localizacao; Extensao; Sergipe; Poco Redondo; Relievo; Hydrography; Localization; Extension; Solo; Ecologia; Geologia; Hidrografia; População; Relevo; Vegetação; Soil; Ecology; Geology; Brazil; Population; Vegetation.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133055

Atividades terrestres dos jacarés no Pantanal, Brasil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CAMPOS, Z. M. da S.; COUTINHO, M. E.; MAGNUSSON, W.
O movimento terrestre coordenado não tem sido previamente reportado em crocodilianos. Entretanto, entre 1989 e 1999, 94% dos 525 Caiman crocodilus yacare descobertos na terra no Pantanal estavam coordenados em grupos (N = 73) andando um atras do outro, em linhas quase retas. Os jacarés saíram das poças e iniciaram movimentos terrestres espontaneamente, ou em resposta as perturbações por pesquisadores e caçadores. A razão sexual dos grupos foi tendenciosa para machos (0,8 ± 0,24), e foi semelhante daquela encontrada em ambientes aquáticos na área de estudo. No entanto, dois grupos consistiram apenas de fêmeas. Quando os jacarés saíram das poças sujeitas a perturbações, como caça clandestina e captura para pesquisa, eles andaram em linhas um atrás do outro e...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Comportamento social; Movimento em grupo; Estivação; Caiman crocodilus yacare; Group movement.; Ecologia; Jacaré.; Pantanal; Ecology; Estivation; Social behavior.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/790022

Ecologia de paisagem: conceitos e aplicações potenciais no Brasil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MARTINS, E de S.; REATTO, A.; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, O. A. de; GUIMARÃES, R. F.
ABSTRACT: The paper treats of the Landscape Ecology and of their potential applications in Brazil. The theme presents a punctual approach in Brazil, but it can be of great importance in the ecological studies and int the definition of public politics of biological conservation and of the relationship with the cultural landscapes.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Caracterização; Paisagem; Brasil; Landscape; Characterization.; Ecologia; Meio Ambiente.; Brazil; Ecology; Environment.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/569511

Enfoque geo-ambiental e suas aplicações agroecológicas no TSA: o exemplo do Brejo Paraibano, PB.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RICHÉ, G. R.; FOTIUS, G. A.; MANTOVANI, L. E.
Trata sobre o enfoque geo-ambiental: metodologia de trabalho; Levantamento preliminar;Trabalho de campo: Características do mapa morfopedológico e da sua legenda; As características geo-ambientais do Brejo Paraibano: morfologia, litologia, clima, vegetação, relação das unidades de paisagem, os solos, localização, situação, material de origem, características principais, uso atual, recomendações de manejo; análise espacial dos dados geo-ambientais.
Tipo: Outras publicações técnicas (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Ecologia agrícola; Morfopedologia; Característica; Paraíba; Pedology; Natural resource; Recurso natural; Brejo; Geologia; Pedologia; Solo; Ecology; Geology.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/133054

Efeito do habitat na fecundidade das fêmeas, sobrevivência e razão sexual dos jovens de jacarés-do-pantanal.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CAMPOS, Z. M. da S.
A fecundidade das fêmeas, sobrevivência dos ovos e a razão sexual dos filhotes recém-eclodidos de Caiman crocodilus yacare foram estudados nas fazenda Nhumirim (área de lagos) e Campo Dora (área de rios intermitentes) no Pantanal. As fêmeas reprodutivas foram maiores na área de rios intermitentes do que na área de lagos. O número médio de ovos foi de 22,5 (DP = 3,69) na área de lagos e 29,8 (DP= 5,95) na área de rios intermitentes. As fêmeas maiores produziram mais ovos independente da área. A inundação e a predação causaram morte dos ovos do jacaré-do-Pantanal. A predação foi alta em ninhos de floresta, mas a presença da equipe de pesquisa pode ter contribuído para aumentar a predação nesses locais. O período de determinação do sexo pode estender-se até...
Tipo: Boletim de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Caiman crocodilus yacare; Management.; Ecologia; Manejo; Jacaré; Reprodução.; Pantanal; Ecology; Reproduction.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/809826

Educação ambiental e conservação do bioma cerrado: valoração e uso sustentável.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: RIBEIRO, J. F.; OLIVEIRA, M. C. de; SANTOS, J. C. G. dos; SILVA, M. R. da; HAYES, K. M.; BARROS, C. J. da S.; MARTINS, R. C.; ALMEIDA, S. P. de; AQUINO, F. de G.; MOREIRA, K. L.; ROCHA, F. E. de C.
bitstream/CPAC-2009/27666/1/p2006_06.pdf
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Environments; Nature conservation.; Cerrado; Educação; Ecologia; Meio Ambiente; Preservação da Natureza.; Ecology; Education.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/570144

Desenvolvimento de metodologia em SIG para zoneamento ecológico: estudo de caso da Bacia Ribeirão do Gama-DF.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CARVALHO, A. P. F. de; CARVALHO JÚNIOR, O. A. de; LEITE, L. L.; GUIMARÃES, R. F.; MARTINS, E. de S.
ABSTRACT: The permanent preservation areas were created to protect the environment, decreasing processes as erosion often caused by anthropic interferences. The Brazilian Forest Law stablished criteria to the delimitation of these areas. An area zoning presents special areas where permanent preservation areas are inclued. This way, in the present paper was performed the mapping of the permanent preservation areas in order to accomplish the future zoning of the watershed called Basin of stream of Gama. According to the Federal Law, permanent preservation areas on this watershed were found along rivers margins and their streams and plateau's edges. The mapping of these areas was performed by means of the IDRISI software using to the delimitation of the...
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Caracterização; Brasil; Preservação; Environments; Preservation.; Meio Ambiente; Recurso Natural; Sistema de Informação Geográfica; Zoneamento Ecológico.; Brazil; Geographic information systems; Ecology; Natural resources.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/568008

Ecologia da polinização do bacurizeiro (Platonia insignis Mart.) Clusiaceae.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MAUES, M. M.; VENTURIERI, G. C.
bitstream/item/42799/1/Boletim-Pesquisa-170-CPATU.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Biologia floral; Pássaro.; Bacuri; Ecologia; Periquito; Platonia Insignis; Polinização.; Psittacidae; Birds; Ecology; Flowering; Pollination.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/374450

Avaliacao de substâncias de origem vegetal no controle de pragas de grãos armazenados.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SANTOS, J. P.; PRATES, H. T.; WAQUIL, J. M.; OLIVEIRA, A. B.
bitstream/item/30664/1/Pesq.And.-19.pdf
Tipo: Séries anteriores (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Graos; Grain; Pest.; Armazenamento; Controle Químico; Ecologia; Praga.; Chemical control; Ecology; Storage.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/478858

Ecofisiologia.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: LIMA FILHO, J. M. P.; ASSIS, J. S. de; TEIXEIRA, A. H. de C.; CUNHA, G. A. P. da; CASTRO NETO, M. T. de.
Cultivo da manga; radiação solar; fotossíntese; interceptação da luz; fotoperíodo; temperatura; crescimento e desenvolvimento; agua ; umidade do ar e do solo; estresse hídrico; floração e frutificação.
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Vale do São Francisco; Ecologia; Fisiologia; Manga; Radiação Solar; Ecology; Mangoes; Physiology.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/134292

Perspectivas de estudos ecologicos sobre o Pantanal.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CALHEIROS, D. F.; FONSECA JUNIOR, W. C. da, org.
Este trabalho originou-se das discussoes realizadas no "Curso de Ecologia de Areas Alagaveis", ministrado pelo Dr. Wolfgang J. Junk, do Max-Planck Institute fur limnologie - Alemanha e pela Dra Carolina Joana da Silva do Departamento de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso (Cuiaba), em agosto de 1991, no Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Pantanal - EMBRAPA/CPAP. Sua leitura leva ao entendimento de que, aprofundando-se os conhecimentos e reunindo-se as informacoes, e possivel formar uma base tecnico-cientifica solida para que acoes de manejo possam ser encontradas na regiao dentro dos principios do desenvolvimento sustentavel. Reeditado de forma ampliada quatro anos depois da realizacao daquele evento, este documento foi elaborado em duas partes...
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Estudo; Recursos pesqueiros; Hidrology.; Clima; Ecologia; Fauna; Flora; Hidrologia; Limnologia; Solo.; Pantanal; Climate; Ecology; Limnology; Soil.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/789744

Ecologia e manejo de pastagens nativas na área de sistemas de produção de carne.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MESA REDONDA DO CENTRO NACIONAL DE PESQUISA DE GADO DE CORTE, 1978, Campo Grande, MS.
Estratégias alternativas para manejo de pastagens nativas. Algumas alternativas para o desenvolvimento das pastagens no cerrado. Pastejo contínuo e rotativo. Uso de fogo. O lugar das espécies forrageiras melhoradas. Introdução as técnicas de avaliação de pastagens e fatores que determinam sua escolha. Amostragem. Conservação de alimentos suplementares e cultura forrageiras para propósitos específicos. Modelação de um sistema de produção de carne. Pontos de discussão geral.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Modelo; Brasil; Natural pasture; Evaluation; Production; Management; System; Model.; Amostragem; Bovino; Carne; Ecologia; Manejo; Pastagem Nativa; Produção; Sistema de Produção.; Ecology; Cattle; Burning; Meat; Sampling.
Ano: 1981
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/319534

Informações sobre Cordia alliodora (R. &amp; P.) Oken na Amazônia brasileira.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CARPANEZZI, A. A.; KANASHIRO, M.; RODRIGUES, I. A.; BRIENZA JUNIOR, S.; MARQUES, L. C. T.
bitstream/item/34269/1/CPATU-DOC10.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Coleta; Urua; Brasil; Seed; Collection; Cultting; Production.; Botânica; Cordia Alliodora; Ecologia; Fenologia; Muda; Regeneração Artificial; Semente.; Produção; Artificial regeneration; Amazonia; Ecology; Botany; Phenology.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/382471

Microrganismos de processos biológicos do solo: perspectiva ambiental.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: SIQUEIRA, J. O.; MOREIRA, F. M. de S.; GRISI, B. M.; HUNGRIA, M.; ARAUJO, R. S.
Organismos e processos biologicos do solo; Ciclagem dos elementos no solo; Aspectos biologicos da degradacao do solo; Reabilitacao de solos degradados.
Tipo: Capítulo em livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Microorganismos; Toxicidade do aluminio; Fixacao biologica do nitrogenio; Degradacao do solo; Brasil; Microorganism; Environmental; Biological nitrogen fixation; Mycorhiza.; Acidez; Ecologia; Matéria Orgânica; Micorriza; Microbiologia; Meio Ambiente; Solo.; Acidity; Degradation; Ecology; Brazil; Organic matter; Microbiology; Soil; Toxicity.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/449290

Módulos para recuperação de Cerrado com espécies nativas de uso múltiplo.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: AQUINO, F. de G.; OLIVEIRA, M. C. de; RIBEIRO, J. F.; PASSOS, F. B.
bitstream/CPAC-2010/31916/1/doc-250.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Ecologia; Proteção ambiental; Reserva ecológica; Ecology; Environmental protection; Conservation áreas.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/856158

Classificação em grupos ecológicos das espécies mais importantes em uma área da Floresta Nacional do Tapajós, Belterra, PA.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CARVALHO, J. O. P. de.
bitstream/item/39955/1/Com-Tec-41-Am-Oriental.pdf
Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Manejo florestal; Floresta Nacional do Tapajós; Belterra; Pará; Brasil.; Ecologia; Essência Florestal.; Amazonia; Ecology; Forest management; Forest trees.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/381288

Mission de consultation au Bresil auprès du CPATSA/EMBRAPA du 9 avril au 25 mai 1985.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: LECOQ, M.
Programmes élaborés: Acridologie, Typologie des petits producteurs, Gestion et informatisation de l' écothèque; Travaux de recherche entrepris: Acridologie, Typologie; Conclusions.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Acridologia; Ecoteca; Nordeste; PRIFAS; Ecologia; Pesquisa Agrícola; Programa de Pesquisa; Gafanhoto; Ecology; Entomology.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/162580

Importancia dos morcegos na dispersao de plantas do bioma cerrado.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: AGUIAR, L. M. de S.; AQUINO, F. de G.
bitstream/CPAC-2009/24384/1/p2003_28.pdf
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: ECFAUN200; Chiropterus auritus.; Ecologia; Dispersão de Semente; Mamífero; Morcego.; Chiroptera; Ecology; Mammals; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/567530

Cavalo lavradeiro em Roraima: aspectos historicos, ecologicos e de conservacao.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: BRAGA, R. M.
Cavalo-evolucao, origem das racas e tipos. Os cavalos trazidos para o Brasil. Presenca do homem e pecuaria nos campos do Rio Branco. Lavrado-ecossistema onde a raca se formou. Sistema de criacao. Lavradeiro ou selvagem? Ameacas causadas pelo cruzamento com racas exoticas. Caracteristicas morfologicas. Qualidades do cavalo. Principais doencas e parasitas. Porque conservar a raca. Tentativas para a conservacao do lavradeiro.
Tipo: Livros
Palavras-chave: Cavalo lavradeiro; Aspectos historicos; Horse; Wild horse; Historic aspects; Nature conservation; Cavalo; Conservação; Ecologia; Ecology.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/688378

Bioecologia e controle da broca pequena do tomateiro neoleucinodes elegantalis.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CARNEIRO, J. da S.; HAJI, F. N. P.; SANTOS, F. de A. M.
A cultura do tomate na Serra da Ibiapaba, no Estado do Ceará, é considerada uma das atividades agrícolas mais importantes e geradora de divisas para esta região. Entretanto, apresenta como uma das pragas chave a broca pequena, Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guen.) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Essa praga ocorre geralmente em elevadas infestações, ocasionando danos à produção em até 90%, pela destruição e apodrecimento dos frutos, levando os produtores a realizarem até duas pulverizações por semana. Sua ocorrência foi constatada no Brasil, em 1922, no Ceará, e em 1939, em São Paulo, encontrando-se atualmente disseminada em quase todas as regiões produtoras de tomate do Brasil. Na região Nordeste, a sua ocorrência é generalizada, exceto no Submédio do Vale do São...
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Bioecologia; Controle; Elegantalis; Pest insect; Biology; Bioecology; Control; Tomate; Inseto; Controle biológico; Biologia; Ecologia; Lycopersicon Esculentum; Praga; Biological control; Neoleucinodes; Ecology; Tomatoes.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/151076

Avaliação participativa do manejo de agroecossistemas e capacitação em agroecologia utilizando indicadores de sustentabilidade de determinação rápida e fácil.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MACHADO, C. T. de T.; VIDAL, M. C.
bitstream/CPAC-2010/27831/1/doc-173.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Participatory planning; Sustainability development; Agricultura; Ecologia; Planejamento participativo; Desenvolvimento sustentável; Agriculture; Ecology.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/567270

O arroz de terras altas como estratégia para segurança alimentar, intensificação ecológica e adaptação à mudança do clima: rumo aos objetivos de desenvolvimento sustentável para o milênio.
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: CARVALHO, M. T. de M.; CASTRO, A. P. de; FERREIRA, C. M.; LACERDA, M. C.; LANNA, A. C.; SILVA-LOBO, V. L.; SILVA, M. A. S. da; COLOMBARI FILHO, J. M.
O desafio atual é incrementar a produção e, consequentemente, a produtividade da cultura, por meio de melhoramento genético e de práticas de manejo que aumentem a eficiência do uso de terras agrícolas e reduzam o uso da água e o impacto da deficiência hídrica. Nesse contexto, a Embrapa desenvolve os seguintes trabalhos: identificação de genótipos de arroz de terras altas tolerantes à deficiência hídrica e uso de bioinsumos para promover o crescimento de raízes; melhoramento genético de arroz de terras altas sob condições de estresse hídrico e tendência de aumento de temperatura no Brasil Central; cultivo de arroz de terras altas tolerante a herbicida em consórcio com forrageiras; papel do arroz de terras altas para sequestro de C e incremento da...
Tipo: Comunicado Técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Arroz; Oryza Sativa; Segurança Alimentar; Desenvolvimento Sustentável; Mudança Climática; Ecologia; Rice; Ecology; Climate change; Sustainable development; Food security.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1121735

Ecologia, manejo e utilização da Virola surinamensis Rol.(Warb.).
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: GALUPPO, S. C.; CARVALHO, J. O. P. de.
bitstream/item/63285/1/Oriental-Doc74.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Manejo florestal; Árvore de uso múltiplo; Pará; Brasil; Environmental impacts.; Ecologia; Essência Florestal; Exploração Florestal; Impacto Ambiental; Ucuuba; Virola Surinamensis.; Amazonia; Forest trees; Ecology; Forest management; Multipurpose trees.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/382633

Concentração fundiária e ocupação do espaço rural ( Região Nordeste da Bahia).
Provedor de dados: 14
Autores: MIRANDA, E. E. de; CABRAL, J. R. F.
O problema da concentração fundiária nos municípios estudados; A técnica do cálculo do índice de GINI.
Tipo: Fôlder / Folheto / Cartilha (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Bahia.; Desenvolvimento rural; Ecologia; Sociologia.; Rural development; Ecology; Sociology.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/132571

Population ecology and shell chemistry of a phytal ostracode species (Loxoconcha matagordensis) in the Chesapeake Bay watershed
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Vann, Cd; Cronin, Tm; Dwyer, Gs.
Population ecology and shell chemistry were studied in the phytal ostracode Loxoconcha matagordensis (Swain 1955) collected from Zostera marina seagrass beds in the Chesapeake Bay to provide seasonal constraints on shell secretion time for paleothermometry. Population density and age structure were defined by two main breeding cycles that occurred between 01 to 15 June and 02 to 16 August 2001. The time interval between breeding cycles was similar to2 months and total juvenile standing crop increased almost three-fold between the first and second breeding cycles. Dark brown over-wintered adults comprised the majority of the population between March and April 2001, while newly secreted translucent adults were predominant between June and September. Seasonal...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ostracoda; Paleoclimatology; Ecology; Minor elements; Holocene; Seagrass.
Ano: 2004
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00229/33995/32356.pdf

Forces, failles et opportunités de la recherche française en écologie trophique
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Perga, Marie-elodie; Danger, Michael; Dubois, Stanislas; Fritch, Clementine; Gaucherel, Cedric; Hubas, Cedric; Jabot, Franck; Lacroix, Gerard; Lefebvre, Sebastien; Marmonier, Pierre; Bec, Alexandre.
The French National Institute of Ecology and Environment (INEE) aims at fostering pluridisciplinarity in Environmental Science and, for that purpose, funds ex muros research groups (GDR) on thematic topics. Trophic ecology has been identified as a scientific field in ecology that would greatly benefit from such networking activity, as being profoundly scattered. This has motivated the seeding of a GDR, entitled “GRET”. The contours of the GRET's action, and its ability to fill these gaps within trophic ecology at the French national scale, will depend on the causes of this relative scattering. This study relied on a nationally broadcasted poll aiming at characterizing the field of trophic ecology in France. Amongst all the unique individuals that fulfilled...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Trans-ecosystem; Scientific network; Cleavage; Ecology; Population; Community.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00442/55338/56849.pdf

A World for Reactive Phenotypes
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Geoffroy, Benjamain; Alfonso, Sebastien; Sadoul, Bastien; Blumstein, Daniel T.
Humans currently occupy all continents and by doing so, modify the environment and create novel threats to many species; a phenomenon known as human-induced rapid environmental changes (HIREC). These growing anthropogenic disturbances represent major and relatively new environmental challenges for many animals, and invariably alter selection on traits adapted to previous environments. Those species that survive often have moved from their original habitat or modified their phenotype through plasticity or genetic evolution. Based on the most recent advances in this research area, we predict that wild individuals with highly plastic capacities, relatively high basal stress level, and that are generally shy—in other words, individuals displaying a reactive...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Coping style; Antipredator behavior; Evolution; Stress physiology; Ecology; Predation; Urbanization; Pollution.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00664/77564/79528.pdf

Surveillance écologique et halieutique. Site de Gravelines. Novembre 1987 - Octobre 1988
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Delesmont, E; Delesmont, Régis; Delattre, J.m.; Grossel, Hubert; Le Fevre-lehoerff, Geneviève; Woehrling, Daniel; Martin, Jocelyne; Tetard, Alain; Dewarumez, Jean-marie; Menu, D.
Pendant la période Novembre 1987 - Octobre 1988, l'échauffement de l'eau dans le canal de rejet est équivalent à la période précédente (+ 8°C à + 8.5°C): Le taux de recyclage de l'eau calculé par rapport au bromoforme est de 4.3 %. Le bromoforme présente une valeur moyenne de 14 llg/1. La concentration moyenne annuelle de vibrions est 100 fois plus élevée au rejet qu'à la prise d'eau. La destruction de la biomasse chlorophyllienne due au transit est voisine de 50 % et celle de la biomasse zooplanctonique exprimée en carbone est d'environ 40 %. En 1988, les conditions météorologiques ont été favorables à la prolifération des Phaeocystis puis des noctiluques dans un milieu très eutrophisé. L'évolution des niveaux supérieurs de l'estran se confirme cette...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Gravelines; Centrale nucléaire; Ecologie; Milieu marin; Gravelines; Nuclear power plant; Ecology; Marine environnent.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00005/11601/8237.pdf

Distribution et écologie des Méduses (Cnidaria) du golfe de Tunis (Méditerranée sud occidentale)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Daly Yahia, Mn; Goy, J; Daly Yahia-kefi, O.
The Medusae of Tunis Gulf (25 species) are qualitatively the third zooplanktonic group after Tintinnids and Copepods. Anthomedusae (eight species), Trachymedusae (five species) and Leptomedusae (four species) represent the major part among the 20 species of Hydromedusae identified during our study (December 1993-November 1995). However, the Limnomedusae (two species) and the Narcomedusae (one species) are poorly represented. In the Bay of Tunis, Obelia spp., the most common and dominant species, command the quantitative fluctuations of Hydromedusae and reach exceptionally the density of 25 800 ind. m(-3). Within the Scyphomedusae (five species), Pelagia noctiluca is the most common species which outbreaks in winter and autumn. Tunis Gulf seems to be,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Méduses; Écologie; Golfe de Tunis; Méditerranée sud–occidentale; Jellyfish; Ecology; Tunis Gulf; SW Mediterranean.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00321/43255/42986.pdf

Ecologie bacterienne dans les bacs d'elevage larvaire de coquilles Saint-Jacques (Pecten maximus )
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Jacq, E; Moal, Jeanne; Samain, Jean-francois; Corre, S; Daniel, J; Nicolas, Jean-louis; Cochard, Jean-claude; Fera, P.
Larval rearings were performed with seawater either freshly pumped or after storage in a pond. Concerning bacterial populations these waters were characterized by a high diversity, little sized bacteria whose few of them (1%) were cultivable on Zobell medium. In the tanks, the bacterial ecosystem was modified by the presence of antibiotics, larvae and algae: the diversity was lowered, the cellular volume was increased by a factor 2 to 5, 100% bacteria were cultivable and chloramphenicol resistant, and their metabolism changed. Taxonomic screening showed no differences among the two waters neither at the beginning nor at the end of the rearings. However, depending on the water (stored or not) differences were identified for bacterial physiology and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Marine aquaculture; Pond culture; Scallop culture; Ecology; Antibiotics; Organic matter; Grazing; Carbohydrates; Mathematical models; Modelling; Growth; Bacterial diseases; Biological production; Culture tanks; Larvae; Rearing.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1992/acte-914.pdf

Les peuplements benthiques du plateau insulaire de la Martinique et des zones bathyales adjacentes. Cas particulier de la malacofaune
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Paulmier, Gerard; Durand, Francoise.
Several oceanographic surveys in Martinique waters with, as main objectives, either geological mapping and evaluating marine aggregate resources of research into deep water carcinologie resources, nafe produced interesting informtion on benthic pppulations situated from the infralittoral to the bathyal shelf, for the wole of faunistic groups and more specifically for the malacofauna. The distribution of the various faunistic group has been analysed in function to the bathymetric, edaphic and possibly, thermic factors. The infralittoral zones, up to the 20 metres isobath, and circalittoral, between 60  and 80 metres, are known to have the richest populations. Corals, sponges, polychaete annelida and molluscs are the best represented, numerically as well as...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecologie; Sédimentologie; Bathymétrie; Peuplements; Benthos; Invertebrés; Communautés; Bivalves; Gastéropodes; Ecology; Sedimentology; Bathymetry; Settelment; Benthos; Invertebrates; Molluscs; Communities; Bivalvia; Gastropoda.
Ano: 1997
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00480/59191/61880.pdf

Ecologie des vibrions pathogenes
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Dodin, A; Dosso, M; Guillou, M.
There exists no biochemical test allowing to define the pathogenicity of a bacterium, still less for a Vibrionaceae. Two essential characters are to be retained to hold responsible an isolated germ, for an illness: 1) the binding factor, the identification is difficult but a double diffusion of agar should simplify the method; 2) the search for the choleric toxin or a common part of the choleric toxin (toxin LT or ST of E. coli ). Here again, simplified techniques may be used. The acquirement of a plasmid responsible for the binding factor or for the toxin production of the non-pathogenic Vibrionaceae in the origin of certain epidemic diseases in France and in the world. Frequently, epidemics due to common germs (Aeromonas hydrophila of Africa) lead to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aeromonas hydrophila; Vibrionaceae; Bacteria; Ecology; Microorganisms; Hosts; Bacterial diseases; Pathogenic bacteria.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-999.pdf

DEB2009 Symposium : Dynamic Energy Budget, 30 years of research for metabolic organization, Book of abstracts
Provedor de dados: 5
We are pleased to welcome you to at the first Symposium on Metabolic organization in Brest, 19-22 April, 2009. This conference is being organized jointly by Ifremer (French Institute for the Research and Exploitation of the Sea), the Department of Theoretical Biology at Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, the Universities of Brest (UBO), Marseille (LMGEM-UMR CNRS 6117), Caen (UMRPE2M, LBBM) and Lisbon (Instituto Superior Técnico), the IRD (French Research Institute for Development), the INRA (French National Institute for Agricultural Research), the NIOZ (RoyalNetherlands Institute for Sea Research), the IMARES Wageningen (Institute for Marine Resources and Ecosystem Studies), as all these research teams are involved in research on DEB theory. You are 81 persons...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bivalve; Chemistry; Ecotoxicology; Physiology; Dynamic energy budget; Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/acte-6790.pdf

Bacterial community structure of the marine diatom Haslea ostrearia
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lepinay, Alexandra; Capiaux, Herve; Turpin, Vincent; Mondeguer, Florence; Lebeau, Thierry.
Haslea ostrearia produces a water-soluble, blue-green pigment, called marennine, with proven economic benefits (as a bioactive compound used to green oysters, which improves their market value). Incomplete knowledge of the ecological features of this marine diatom complicates its cultivation. More specifically, the ecology of bacteria surrounding H. ostrearia in ponds is what remains unknown. The structure of this bacterial community was previously analyzed by means of PCR-TTGE before and after isolating H. ostrearia cells recovered from 4 localities in order to distinguish the relative parts of the biotope and biocenose and to describe the temporal dynamics of the bacterial community structure at two time scales (2 weeks vs. 9 months). The bacterial...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Biofilm; Ecology; Metabolic fingerprinting; Microalgae; Phycosphere; TTGE.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00326/43737/43344.pdf

Etude bibliographique de quelques espèces planctoniques et benthiques littorales de la Manche - Volume 1 - Espèces phytoplanctoniques
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Erard-le Denn, Evelyne; Populus, Jacques.
This catalogue deals mainly with common phytoplanktonic species found in the Channel. It is part of a bibliographical survey on pelagos and benthos. The main idea was to gather the largest possible amount of data on the eco-physiology of each species. To do so, studies were conducted in the main marine region where the species had been found and analysed. We focused on several reference ecological studies conducted in the coastal Channel, on the E.D.F. sites, by the C.N.E.X.O., the I.S.T.P.M. and some university laboratories. A great attention was also paid to the studies on seasonal cycles carried out in laboratories in Plymouth, Helgoland and in the Irish zones. (unverified OCR)
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Physiology; Ecology; Bentic; Coastal species; English Channel sea; Phytoplanktonic species; Physiologie; Ecologie; Benthiques; Espèces littorales; Manche; Espèces phytoplanctoniques.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/rapport-3701.pdf

Shedding light on the river and sea lamprey in western European marine waters
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Elliott, Sam; Deleys, Noemie; Rivot, E; Acou, A; Réveillac, E; Beaulaton, L.
Lampreys are ancestral jawless vertebrates with particularly complex life histories. Population declines resulting from increased anthropogenic pressure have been observed. For semelparous diadromous lampreys, the marine phase remains largely a black box, making targeted management and conservation measures difficult to implement. Here, we collated a database of 168904 hauls from both fisheries-dependent and fisheries-independent surveys between 1965 and 2019. Lampreys were observed in only 254 hauls (&lt;1% lamprey presence); 421 sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus and 300 European river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis were identified. Sizes ranged from 13 to 92 cm and from 14 to 42 cm, respectively. The majority of lampreys (61%) were caught by mobile demersal...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Endangered species; Lamprey; Distribution; Ecology; Growth; Migration; Surveys.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00691/80277/83361.pdf

Relationship of morphometrics, total carotenoids, and total lipids with activity and sexual and spatial features in Euphausia superba
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Färber Lorda, Jaime; Ceccaldi, Hubert J.
Morphological differences associated with sex or stage, together with total lipids and carotenoids, were studied in Euphausia superba as possible indicators of physiological condition. E. superba displays sexual dimorphism during growth. A group of mature males, called Males II herein, has a greater abdominal length, suggesting that they are faster swimmers, a feature implying higher metabolic rates and a higher demand for protecting pigments like carotenoids. Mature Males II have proportionally lower lipids but higher total lipid-soluble carotenoids, a counterintuitive finding. Males II also have bigger eyes. Significant regressions with carotenoids were found for wet weight, abdominal length, and eye diameter. On a spatial analysis, population...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Developmental biology; Ecology.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00643/75471/76296.pdf

Dragons of the Deep Sea: Kinorhyncha Communities in a Pockmark Field at Mozambique Channel, With the Description of Three New Species
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Cepeda, Diego; Pardos, Fernando; Zeppilli, Daniela; Sánchez, Nuria.
Cold seep areas are extremely reduced habitats with spatiotemporal variation of hydrocarbon-rich fluid seepage, low oxygen levels, and great habitat heterogeneity. Cold seeps can create circular to ellipsoid shallow depressions on the seafloor called pockmarks. We investigated two selected pockmarks, characterized by different gas emission, and two sites outside these geological structures at the Mozambique Channel to understand whether and how their environmental conditions affect the kinorhynch fauna in terms of density, richness, and community composition. A total of 11 species have been found living in the studied area, of which three are new species: Fissuroderes cthulhu sp. nov., Fujuriphyes dagon sp. nov., and Fujuriphyes hydra sp. nov. Densities...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Cold seeps; Deep sea; Ecology; Kinorhynchs; Meiofauna; Diversity; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00648/75992/76894.pdf

Similar circling movements observed across marine megafauna taxa
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Narazaki, Tomoko; Nakamura, Itsumi; Aoki,, Kagari; Iwata, Takashi; Shiomi, Kozue; Luschi, Paolo; Suganuma, Hiroyuki; Meyer, Carl G.; Matsumoto, Rui; Bost, Charles A.; Handrich, Yves; Amano, Masao; Okamoto, Ryosuke; Mori, Kyoichi; Ciccione, Stephane; Bourjea, Jerome; Sato, Katsufumi.
Advances in biologging technology have enabled 3D dead-reckoning reconstruction of marine animal movements at spatiotemporal scales of meters and seconds. Examining high-resolution 3D movements of sharks (Galeocerdo cuvier, N = 4; Rhincodon typus, N = 1), sea turtles (Chelonia mydas, N = 3), penguins (Aptenodytes patagonicus, N = 6), and marine mammals (Arctocephalus gazella, N = 4; Ziphius cavirostris, N = 1), we report the discovery of circling events where animals consecutively circled more than twice at relatively constant angular speeds. Similar circling behaviors were observed across a wide variety of marine megafauna, suggesting these behaviors might serve several similar purposes across taxa including foraging, social interactions, and navigation.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Biological Sciences; Zoology; Animals; Ethology.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00685/79664/82429.pdf

Tourteau (Cancer pagurus, Linné 1758) et Etrille (Macropipus puber, Linné 1767) Biologie et pêche à Audresselles (Pas-de-Calais) Comparaison avec la pêcherie bretonne
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Coppin, Isabelle.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: English channel; France; Commercial analysis; Fishing methods; Crab; Ecology; Biology.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/rapport-2104.pdf

The problem of discards in fisheries
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Morizur, Yvon; Caillart, B; Tingley, D.
Introduction : It is now clear that the world's fishery resources are being subjected to exploitation at or above their capacity to produce maximum sustainable yields. At the same time as these trends are being felt, there is a very large wastage of fishery resources from discarding unwanted catches at sea. At the end of each fishing operation a part of the catch is often returned to the sea after sorting by the fishermen. A 1994 FAO report provided an estimate of global discards in commercial fisheries of 27 millions of tons per year compared to 50 million tons of direct human consumption. A more recent FAO document estimated that discards were in the order of 20 million tons in 1997. The majority of the world's fisheries are multi-species in nature and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Marine; Wastage; Overview; World; Social; Economic; Ecology; Biology; Impact; Target; Species; Gear; Fishery; Bycatch; Catch; Discards.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1999/publication-1237.pdf

Les sites méditerranéens. Ecologie pélagique et benthique. Rapport concernant les campagnes Ecolion 1 &amp; 2
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Arzul, G; Panouse, M; Romana, A; Fiala, M; Razouls, S; De Bovee, F; Labat, J.p.
As part of its nuclear program, E.D.F. put the C.N.E.X.O. in charge of the ecological study of a list of sites that had been considered for the implantation of nuclear power plants on the Mediterranean coast: PORT-la-N0UVELLE South, PORT-la-NOUVELLE North and FLEURY-sur-AUDE. The aim of this study is to compare, from an ecological point of view, the different sites during critical periods of the annual cycle: summer and spring. This report summarises the results of the two campaigns (ECOLION l and II) conducted on the area located between the Cap d'Agde and the Cap Leucate, and including the three studied sites. The study analysed the physicochemical parameters and the primary and secondary pelagic productions, and includes a qualitative and quantitative...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ecolion; Cruise; Mediterranean sea; Ecologie; Ecolion; Campagne océanographique; Mer Méditerranée.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1982/rapport-3698.pdf

Les Merlus d'Afrique du sud et leur peche
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Quero, Jean-claude.
This study concerns mainly 2 species Merluccius capensis and M. paradoxus; M. polli is a more northern species though the 3 species are known to inhabit the same regions. The life cycle, seasonal migrations geographical distribution and fishing grounds of the 2 main species are discussed in detail. The intensity of fishing in this region, over the past 10 years has increased to such an extent that during 1968 -1970 this production accounted for one half level on a world-wide basis. Attempts have been made by Britain to market this fish as a frozen product.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: South Africa; Fishing; Population dynamic; Ecology; Biology; Gadoide; Hake.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/publication-2228.pdf

Utilisation des submersibles en biologie et en ecologie abyssale
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Alayse, Anne-marie.
With the advent of deep submergence research vessels (DSRVs) biological and ecological studies of ocean deeps have made great strides. Especially these submersibles allowed to conduct physiological and biochemical experiments on benthic fauna directly on the bottom or on board with alive retrieved animals. A second great interest is the possibility to work in chaotic areas and on microenvironments. Without DSRVs most of measurements and observations obtained on hydrothermals vents would had been impossible. We will present the different equipment designed for the two French DSRVs used during the cruises conducted by the Departement "Environnement Profond" de l'IFREMER to study hydrothermal and "normal" deep-sea ecosystems. We will discuss the new devices...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Oceanography; Hydrothermal springs; Ecosystems; Abyssal zone; Cruises; Ecology; Biology; Deep water; Unmanned vehicles; Manned vehicles.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1990/acte-1146.pdf

Spatial management of inshore areas: Theory and practice
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Claudet, Joachim; Roussel, S; Pelletier, Dominique; Rey Valette, Hélène.
Coastal uses have deeply evolved these last decades and high anthropogenic pressures on coastal ecosystems have affected the sustainability of these areas with respect to the services and the resources they may provide. Traditional fisheries management has failed to avoid overexploitation of most coastal marine resources. Management measures based on an Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) are thus required. Spatial management covers various ranges of properties that may enhance usual regulatory means. If spatial considerations are explicitly integrated in fisheries management, the latter may contribute to zoning design in order to balance the economic, social and biological values of natural marine resources. While traditional fisheries management...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Spatial management; Coastal resources; Marine protected areas MPAS; Management ICZM; Integrated coastal zone; Fisheries management; Ecology; Ecological economics.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-2598.pdf

Diagnosis of vibriosis in the era of genomics: lessons from invertebrates
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Roux, Frederique.
Global changes linked to increases in temperature and ocean acidification, but also to more direct anthropogenic influences such as aquaculture, have caused a worldwide increase in the reports of Vibrio-associated illnesses affecting humans and also animals such as shrimp and molluscs. Investigation of the emergence of Vibrio pathogenesis events requires the analysis of microbial evolution at the gene, genome and population levels, in order to identify genomic modifications linked to increased virulence, resistance and/or prevalence, or to recent host shift. From a more applied point of view, the elucidation of virulence mechanisms is a prerequisite to devising prophylactic methods to fight infectious agents. In comparison with human pathogens, fairly...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Écologie; Émergence; Évolution; Invertébrés marins; Vibriose; Virulence; Ecology; Emergence; Evolution; Marine invertebrate; Vibriosis; Virulence.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00344/45560/46722.pdf

On the occurrence of ichthyoplankton in the Saronikos Gulf, Aegean Sea, 1. Anchovy and sardines in 1969-1970-1971.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Yannopoulos, A; Yannopoulosa, C; Soteriades-vlahos, C.
The spawning and nursery grounds of 3 spp of commercial importance, Engraulis encrasicholus, Sardinella aurita and S. pilchardus were studied in the Saronikos Gulf during 1969, 1970 and 1971. The waters of the gulf are very rich due to turbulence caused by currents penetrating the gulf from the Aegean Sea. This turbulence causes bottom upwelling especially in the northern region which is shallower. At the height of their reproduction these fish represent 90-95 per cent of the entire ichthyoplankton, especially in the northern region. E. encrasicholus appears to be the most abundant sp with a maximum of 1099/m super(2) of surface waters (where the density of eggs = 536 and of larvae = 563). 232/m super(2) of surface water represents the maximum for S....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Aegean sea; Saronikos gulf; Hydrography; Eutrophication; Reproduction; Sardines species; Anchovy; Ecology; Ichthyoplankton.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/publication-2160.pdf

Currents and topography drive assemblage distribution on an active hydrothermal edifice
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Girard, Fanny; Sarrazin, Jozee; Arnaubec, Aurelien; Cannat, Mathilde; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Wheeler, Benjamin; Matabos, Marjolaine.
The deep sea is characterized by a wide range of landscapes, including complex features where topography and currents interact to form highly heterogeneous habitats. In addition to a complex topography, hydrothermal vent environments are characterized by strong environmental gradients that structure the spatial distribution of biological communities. The role of vent fluid temperature and chemical composition on species distribution is now well understood, but investigations on the effects of the complex sulfide edifice topography are scarce. Here, we used a novel approach combining 3D photogrammetric reconstruction, in situ environmental measurements and modeling to characterize assemblage distribution on the active edifice Eiffel Tower (Lucky Strike,...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Eiffel Tower; EMSO-Azores; Ecology; Imagery; 3D photogrammetry; Deep-sea observatories; Topographic effects.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00640/75211/75349.pdf

Contribution aux recherches ecologiques sur les claires a huitres du bassin de Marennes-Oleron
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Moreau, Jean.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Biology; Navicula ostrearia B.; Diatoms; Water quality; Oyster pond; Oyster culture.
Ano: 1970
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1970/publication-2231.pdf

Seasonal succession of cyanoprokaryotes in a hypereutrophic oligo-mesohaline lagoon from the South of France
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Chomerat, Nicolas; Garnier, Robert; Bertrand, Céline; Cazaubon, Arlette.
The Bolmon lagoon (South of France) is an oligo-mesohaline coastal lagoon that has undergone intense eutrophication in the past decades, resulting from a strong concentration of human activities in its drainage basin. Consequently, it exhibits some characteristics typical of an advanced trophic state; namely, the disappearance of submerged vegetation, the permanently intense phytoplankton growth and the recurrence of cyanoprokaryote blooms. As cyanoprokaryote dominance in south-temperate saline lagoons is little reported, we carried out this study in order to understand the seasonal variations in the phytoplankton composition and biomass, and to analyse the influence of environmental parameters such as salinity, nutrients and climate on the seasonal...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Turbid state; Pseudanabaena limnetica; Planktothrix agardhii; Phytoplankton; Mediterranean area; Cyanoprokaryotes; Ecology; Lagoon; Brackish water.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2593.pdf

Vibrio nigripulchritudo monitoring and strain dynamics in shrimp pond sediments
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Walling, Emilie; Vourey, Elodie; Ansquer, Dominique; Beliaeff, Benoit; Goarant, C.
Aims: A description of bacterial pathogens in shrimp ponds is necessary to understand their pathogenesis. Vibrio nigripulchritudo was shown to contain saprophytic and pathogenic strains among New Caledonian isolates. We established a method to map the development of V. nigripulchritudo in pond sediments at three different genetic levels: the species level, then at the pathogenic cluster level and finally at the plasmid level, present only in all highly pathogenic isolates. Methods and Results: PCR methods were applied to shrimp pond sediments both before and after a mortality outbreak. Using crude samples, the species V. nigripulchritudo is not detected at first (0/42 samples at day 56 post stocking) but appears frequently in the sediments after the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Detection; Diagnosis; Diseases; Ecology; PCR; Plasmids; Soil; Virulence.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00004/11484/8177.pdf

Establishing causal link between an infectious agent and mortalities in marine molluscan aquaculture on the example of Bonamia ostreae and Herpèsvirosis in oysters : proposal of a causal grid analysis
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Thebault, Anne; Cochennec, Nathalie; Arzul, Isabelle; Renault, Tristan.
In marine molluscan aqauculture, infectious agents are regularly cited in literature associated with mass mortalities as emergin diseases, but the causal link is often based on very few argumeents. 24 ways to demonstrate causal links from epidemiolgical, ecological and marine pathology literature feasible for marine molluscs are given. Those criteria were applied to the ewample of Bonamia ostreae for Ostrea edulis and Herpesvirus for spats and larvae of Crassostrea gigas. Three principles could be applied in marine field for choosing criteria wich should be taken in priority : the demonstration must be given at three levels of organization, organ individual, population, the demonstration must keeps maximum epidemiological criterias, and then mixes...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Herpesvirus; Bonamia ostrea; Crassostrea gigas; Ostrea edulis; Marine pathology; Ecology; Epidemiology; Infectious agents; Molluscan aquaculture.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2003/acte-3341.pdf

Surveillance écologique et halieutique. Site de Gravelines. Novembre 1986 - Octobre 1987
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Maillard-quistoudt, C.; Degros, N.; Janquin, Marie-andree; Delesmont, E; Delesmont, Régis; Grossel, Hubert; Le Fevre-lehoerff, Geneviève; Woehrling, Daniel; Martin, Jocelyne; Tetard, Alain; Dewarumez, Jean-marie; Menu, D.
La nouvelle stratégie mise en place au cours de la 9ème période de surveillance de Gravelines consiste à abandonner l'étude temporelle caractérisée par un grand nombre de campagnes pour privilégier les variations spatiales, pour trois situations annuelles printanière, estivale et automnale, afin de comparer l'ensemble des paramètres aux quatre stations entrée de centrale, rejet, point impacté à T = + 3°C et point de référence T = O°C (hors impact). Les domaines d'études sont: la climatologie, le fonctionnement de la centrale, l'hydrologie, la microbiologie, le plancton, l'halieutique, le benthos. Dans tous les domaines l'effort est mis sur les estimations de déficit de biomasses au rejet d'une part et les compétitions intréspécifiques quand le milieu...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Gravelines; Centrale nucléaire; Ecologie; Milieu marin; Gravelines; Nuclear power plant; Ecology; Marine environment.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00005/11585/8211.pdf

Shore-level size gradients and thermal refuge use in the predatory sea star Pisaster ochraceus: the role of environmental stressors
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Monaco, Cristian; Wethey, David S.; Gulledge, Shadow; Helmuth, Brian.
The body size of a mobile intertidal invertebrate can determine its access to different microhabitats, and thus alter its exposure to environmental stressors. We surveyed a rocky intertidal keystone predator, the sea star Pisaster ochraceus, and characterized size-dependent distribution, defined by individuals' shore level and refuge use. At 2 field sites (in California and Oregon, USA) we examined temporal and geographical variability in habitat selection. We evaluated the hypothesis that environmental drivers measured on-site and body temperatures measured using biomimetic sensors (i.e. 'robo-sea stars'), explained the observed distribution patterns, including shore-level size gradients, with larger animals lower on the shore. We tested the effect of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Physiology; Rocky intertidal; Environmental stress; Climate change; Temperature; Desiccation; Solar radiation; Body size; Behavior.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00605/71695/70137.pdf

ILTER - The International Long-Term Ecological Research Network as a Platform for Global Coastal and Ocean Observation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Muelbert, Jose H.; Nidzieko, Nicholas J.; Acosta, Alicia T. R.; Beaulieu, Stace E.; Bernardino, Angelo F.; Boikova, Elmira; Bornman, Thomas G.; Cataletto, Bruno; Deneudt, Klaas; Eliason, Erika; Kraberg, Alexandra; Nakaoka, Masahiro; Pugnetti, Alessandra; Ragueneau, Olivier; Scharfe, Mirco; Soltwedel, Thomas; Sosik, Heidi M.; Stanisci, Angela; Stefanova, Kremena; Stephan, Pierre; Stier, Adrian; Wikner, Johan; Zingone, Adriana.
Understanding the threats to global biodiversity and ecosystem services posed by human impacts on coastal and marine environments requires the establishment and maintenance of ecological observatories that integrate the biological, physical, geological, and biogeochemical aspects of ecosystems. This is crucial to provide scientists and stakeholders with the support and knowledge necessary to quantify environmental change and its impact on the sustainable use of the seas and coasts. In this paper, we explore the potential for the coastal and marine components of the International Long-Term Ecological Research Network (ILTER) to fill this need for integrated global observation, and highlight how ecological observations are necessary to address the challenges...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Marine ecosystems; Ecology; EOVs; SWOT; DEIMS.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00615/72756/72025.pdf

Note sur la presence d'une crevette tropicale et de l'un de ses stades post-larvaires dans l'Atlantique du nord-ouest.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Fontaine, Bernard.
During an egg and larval herring survey on the Georges bank, the Nantucket Shoals and the Gulf of Maine, some shrimps of the genus Leptochela have been taken in plankton tows. These Pasiphaeidae have not been recorded in the North Atlantic before. In the Gulf Stream current, their range increases offshore and northwards. A described postlarval stage shows that adult structures are developed late.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Leptochela carinata; Leander tenuicornis; Ecology.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1977/publication-1976.pdf

Etude de quelques parametres ecologiques, biologiques et biochimiques chez une pheophycee des cotes bretonnes Laminaria ochroleuca
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Braud, Jean-paul.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Phaeophyta; Laminaria; Alginic acid; Biochemistry; Ecology.
Ano: 1974
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1974/publication-2040.pdf

Etude de la structure des communautés bactériennes du sédiment et de l'écologie de Vibrio aestuarianus pathogène de l'huître creuse Crassostrea gigas dans deux sites ostréicoles
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Azandegbe, Afi.
Since several years, the French oyster farming copes with high mortality affecting juveniles and some adults of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Studies conducted in the framework of a multidisciplinary project (MOREST) showed that mortality was related to several factors like physiological and genetic status of oyster, pathogens including bacteria of the genus Vibrio, and revealed that the sediment, on which the oyster cages are installed, might play a particular role. This has been suggested because of the concomitance of the mortalities and increased toxic compounds like ammonia and sulphides in the sediment. Moreover, the presence of Vibrio bacteria in the sediment indicates a dual role of sediment in the mortality onset. The physico-chemical...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Huître; Crassostrea gigas; Bactéries; Vibrio aestuarianus; Écologie; Sédiment; Ammonium; Sulfures; Oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Bacteria; Vibrio aestuarianus; Ecology; Sediment; Ammonia; Sulphide.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00032/14277/11561.pdf

Distributions of Indo-Pacific lionfishes Pterois spp. in their native ranges: implications for the Atlantic invasion
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Kulbicki, Michel; Beets, James; Chabanet, Pascale; Cure, Katherine; Darling, Emily; Floeter, Sergio R.; Galzin, Rene; Green, Alison; Harmelin-vivien, Mireille; Hixon, Mark; Letourneur, Yves; De Loma, Thierry Lison; Mcclanahan, Tim; Mcilwain, Jennifer; Moutham, Gerard; Myers, Robert; O'Leary, Jennifer K.; Planes, Serge; Vigliola, Laurent; Wantiez, Laurent.
Lionfish (Pterois volitans and P. miles) have become a major concern in the western Attantie and Caribbean since their introduction in the 1980s. Invasive lionfish can reach very high population densities on coral reefs in their invaded range, yet there are few data from their native range in the Indo-Pacific for comparison. We compiled data on the geographical distribution and density of Indo-Pacific lionfishes in their native ranges from published and unpublished underwater visual censuses and field collections. We found that lionfish in their native Indo-Pacific range are unevenly distributed, with higher densities in the Indian Ocean than in the Pacific. Lionfish densities increase significantly with increasing latitude, and are significantly higher in...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pterois; Indo-Pacific; Ecology; Visual census; Larvae; Invasive species.
Ano: 2012
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00207/31781/30193.pdf

Etude ecologique des vibrions du bassin d'Arcachon
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Marchand, Michel.
Water and sediment samples monthly collected from Arcachon Bay (Gironde, France) were examined during three years for the presence of marine vibrios. V. cholerae serotype 01 was never detected. On the other hand, the Eyre River and mouth contain non-agglutinating V. cholerae (127 strains) principally in water. The low temperatures slow their development down without stopping it completely. V. parahaemolyticus (257 strains) present in the same areas is particularly isolated from water when the aquatic medium temperature rises to 15 degree C. V. alginolyticus (638 strains) settles the whole Bay, except the river, in any season. The low temperatures promote growth of V. metschnikovii (203 strains) very tolerant towards salinity. V. anguillarum (46 strains)...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Vibrio metschnikovii; Vibrio anguillarum; Vibrio alginolyticus; Vibrio cholerae; Vibrio; Marine environment; Microorganisms; Sediments; Salinity effects; Temperature effects; Ecology; Water.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1984/acte-998.pdf

Pacific cupped oyster - Crassostrea gigas
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lapegue, Sylvie; Boudry, Pierre; Goulletquer, Philippe.
Originating from the north eastern Asia, Crassostrea gigas is endemic to Japan, but has been introduced and translocated, mainly for aquaculture purpose, into several countries, almost worldwide (1). In North America, the species can be found from Southeast Alaska to Baja California, while in European waters the species is cultured from Norway to Portugal as well as in Mediterranean Sea (Fig.1) (2). Biological characteristics make it suitable for a wide range of environmental conditions, although it is usually found in coastal and estuarine areas within its natural range. Although highly variable, the invasiveness pattern of C. gigas has been demonstrated in several countries and therefore considered as a pest or a noxious species in those areas (3).
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Genetics; Ecology; Crassostrea gigas; Biology; Oysters.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-3322.pdf

Description, distribution and microhabitats of a new species of Tisbe (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Tisbidae) from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent field at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (37 degrees N, Lucky Strike)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Ivanenko, Viatcheslav; Ferrari, Frank D.; Defaye, Danielle; Sarradin, Pierre-marie; Sarrazin, Jozee.
A new species, Tisbe dahmsi sp. nov. (Crustacea, Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Tisbidae) is described from the Eiffel Tower edifice located in the Lucky Strike vent field (37 degrees N) (Mid-Atlantic Ridge MAR, 1698 m). The samples were collected in colonization experiments (SMAC arrays) that were deployed in 1997 during the MARVEL cruise and recovered in 1998 during the PICO cruise. Other specimens were collected during the MoMARETO cruise during which a physico-chemical characterization of copepod microhabitats was done. The new species belongs to the T. gracilis group based on similarities of the spine-like inner seta on the proximal endopodal segment of the male second swimming leg, which is terminally bifurcate. Re-examination of the closest relative and...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Copepoda; Harpacticoida; Tisbidae; Deep-sea; Hydrothermal vent; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; Systematics; Ecology; Microhabitat; In situ experiments; Physico-chemical factors.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00029/14066/11306.pdf

European flat oyster - Ostrea edulis
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Lapegue, Sylvie; Beaumont, A.; Boudry, Pierre; Goulletquer, Philippe.
The European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis, a native of Europe, occurs naturally from Norway to Morocco in the North-Eastern Atlantic and in the whole Mediterranean Basin; It has been a harvested species for at least 6000 years. Natural populations are also observed in eastern North America, from Maine to Rhode Island, following intentional introductions in the 1940s and 1950s. The species was also introduced in Canada for aquaculture purpose 30 years ago and some populations naturalised in Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and British Columbia. These stocks were imported from naturalised populations in Maine whose ancestors originated in the Netherlands.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Genetics; Ecology; Biology; Ostrea edulis; Oysters.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/acte-3321.pdf

Les variations quantitatives des carotenoides de la macrofaune benthique en Baie de Seine, ont-elles des relations avec la pollution ou l'ecologie des especes?
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Noel, Philippe; Merlin, J; Lafage-szydlowski, S; Hubert, M; Chassard-bouchaud, C.
Macular skin affects in relation to pollution have been displayed, but the analysis shows carotenoid variations between organisms living in rocky bottom or in muddy sand area.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Sublethal effects; Ecology; Pollution tolerance; Pollution effects; Benthos; Carotenoids.
Ano: 1985
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/acte-1308.pdf

Donnees nouvelles sur le germon Thunnus alalunga Bonnaterre 1788 dans le Nord-Est Atlantique. 1iere partie. Rythmes alimentaires et circadiens chez legermon Thunnus alalunga dans le nord-est Atlantique.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Aloncle, Henri; Delaporte, Francis.
This work is divided into 4 parts. First, in a broad introduction, a short history is given on albacore fishing in the bay of Biscay from its origin until its present extension in the neighbourhood of the Acores. This is followed by a history of the research beginning with the first attempts at classifying the albacore and then with the first investigations done on research ships; then the authors explain the reasons and the evolution of their work with reference to what was already known. The 2nd part of the study describes the campaigns of research from 1967 to 1972 to study the albacore in the north east Atlantic and the fishing and prospecting techniques used during these campaigns. The 3rd part of this investigation shows the research works sensu...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: ANE; Thunnus alalunga; Catching methods; Feeding behaviour; Biological rhythms; Ecology.
Ano: 1973
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1973/publication-2075.pdf

Review of the biology, ecology and fisheries of Palinurus spp. species of European waters: Palinurus elephas (Fabricius, 1787) and Palinurus mauritanicus (Gruvel, 1911)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gõni, R; Latrouite, Daniel.
Palinurus elephas and Palinurus mauritanicus are the only species of the family Palinuridae that occur in the Northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean. Of the two, Palinurus elephas is the most abundant and accessible and has traditionally been the preferred target of lobster fisheries throughout its range. Palinurus mauritanicus has a deeper distribution and has been an important target of fisheries mainly in the Central Eastern Atlantic. The high unit value and the relative scarcity of these species have been important obstacles to research and knowledge of their biology, ecology and fisheries is limited. Nevertheless, over time a considerable number of studies has been conducted, though most of these are contained in university theses or in publications of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Ecology; Biology; European waters; Spiny lobsters; Review.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/publication-3625.pdf

The monitoring programme of the ecological and ecotoxicological consequences of the "Erika" oil spill
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Laubier, Lucien; Le Moigne, Morgan; Flammarion, Patrick; Thybaud, Eric; Cossa, Daniel.
On December 11, 1999, Erika, an oil tanker flying the Maltese flag and loaded with 31 000 t of heavy fuel oil, was making its way from Dunkirk to Livorno when it encountered difficult weather conditions Southwest of the Brittany coast gale force winds 8 to 9 and 6 mwaves). On the morning of 12th December, the captain broadcast an SOS; his vessel was breaking in two, approximately 30 nautical miles to south of Penmarc'h Point (Fig. 1; Finistère, France). The fore section of the vessel sank during the night of the 12-13 December and the aft section was taken in tow on the morning December 13, but subsequently sank in the early afternoon. Both parts lay in 120 m of water and were located 10 km apart. Approximately, 19 000 t of heavy fuel oil were spilled into...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Atlantique; France; Monitoring programme; Hydrocarbon; Erika; Marine pollution; Ecotoxicology; Ecology.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2004/publication-1390.pdf

Morphometric characteristics and seasonal proximity to water of the Cypriot bluntnosed viper Macrovipera lebetina lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Provedor de dados: 80
Autores: Jestrzemski,Daniel; Kuzyakova,Irina.
Abstract  Background: The blunt-nosed viper Macrovipera lebetina (Linnaeus, 1758) is a medically important snake species in the Middle East. Its nominate subspecies Macrovipera l. lebetina is confined to Cyprus, where it is the only dangerously venomous snake species and heavily pursued. Despite the viper's large size, data on its body mass and sex-specific morphological differences are scarce. It is commonly believed that M. l. lebetina prefers freshwater proximity during summer. Hence, we aimed at investigating M. l. lebetina sex-specific morphological differences and its possible attraction to freshwater bodies in late summer.  Methods: Morphometric characteristics, proximity to water and conservation status of M. l. lebetina were investigated in Paphos...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cyprus; Blunt-nosed viper; Morphology; Body condition index; Ecology; Water; Snakebite; Conservation.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992018000100332

Mad, bad and dangerous to know: the biochemistry, ecology and evolution of slow loris venom
Provedor de dados: 80
Autores: Nekaris,K Anne-Isola; Moore,Richard S; Rode,E Johanna; Fry,Bryan G.
Only seven types of mammals are known to be venomous, including slow lorises (Nycticebus spp.). Despite the evolutionary significance of this unique adaptation amongst Nycticebus, the structure and function of slow loris venom is only just beginning to be understood. Here we review what is known about the chemical structure of slow loris venom. Research on a handful of captive samples from three of eight slow loris species reveals that the protein within slow loris venom resembles the disulphide-bridged heterodimeric structure of Fel-d1, more commonly known as cat allergen. In a comparison of N. pygmaeus and N. coucang, 212 and 68 compounds were found, respectively. Venom is activated by combining the oil from the brachial arm gland with saliva, and can...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Venoms; Ecology; Primates; Intraspecific competition; Predation; Ectoparasite; Naja naja.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992013000100203

Dinâmica populacional de marsupiais e roedores no Parque Municipal da Lagoa do Peri, Ilha de Santa Catarina, sul do Brasil
Provedor de dados: 81
Autores: Graipel,Maurício E.; Cherem,Jorge J.; Monteiro-Filho,Emygdio L. A.; Glock,Luiz.
A two-year mark-recapture study of small mammals was conducted in an area of Atlantic Forest hillside in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Four species of marsupial and seven species of rodent were captured during 12 132 trap-nights. Aspects of population dynamics and natural history are discussed for each common species. The sex ratio was biased toward males for all species. Oryzomys russatus, Didelphis aurita and Akodon montensis had the highest population densities, the least amount of variation in population density and an inverse relationship between survivorship rates and population densities. Micoureus paraguayanus, Nectomys squamipes and O. angouya, registered the higher population densities after continual survivorship rates. The recruitment...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Biology; Ecology; Reproduction; Small mammals.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-93832006000100004

Nests of Oligoryzomys sp. and Holochilus brasiliensis (Rodentia, Cricetidae) in eastern Entre Ríos Province, Argentina
Provedor de dados: 81
Autores: Udrizar Sauthier,Walter O.; Abba,Agustín M.; Udrizar Sauthier,Daniel E.
We describe the structure and location of nests built by Oligoryzomys sp. and Holochilus brasiliensis in eastern Entre Ríos Province, Argentina. Nests were associated with water bodies. Nests of Oligoryzomys sp. averaged 18 cm length, 8 cm width, and 10 cm height and were found at elevated sites, while nests of H. brasiliensis were a few centimetres above water surface and had an ellipsoid shape with a mean size of 22.5 cm length, 13 cm width, and 18.7 cm height. A seasonal nest building pattern was observed that might indicate that these species construct their nests during spring and summer for breeding. Knowing the biology of these potential pest species of economic and public health importance in a natural environment will help defining an effective...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Natural history; Nesting behaviour; Sigmodontinae.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-93832010000100027

Small mammal commnities in the Sierra de los cuchumatanes, Huehuetenago, Guatemala
Provedor de dados: 81
Autores: Matson,John O; Ordóñez-Garza,Nicté; Bulmer,Walter; Eckerlin,Ralph P.
Very little is known concerning small mammal ecology and their distribution in the highlands of Guatemala. Small mammals were trapped from five different cloud forests in the Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Huehuetenango, Guatemala. Cloud forest elevations ranged from 2600 m to 3350 m. Most sites had evidence of human disturbance with only Cerro Bobí having a relatively pristine forest. A total of 13 species was recorded with the species density at sites ranging from six to ten. Accounts of each species are given. The most common species present was Reithrodontomys sumichrasti, except at Cerro Bobí where Peromyscus guatemalensis was most abundant. Differences between years and between seasons (wet versus dry) were minor. Only the site at Cerro Bobí, with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cloud forests; Ecology; Mesoamerica; Rodents; Shrews.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-93832012000100007

Large elapids and arboreality: the ecology of Jameson’s green mamba (Dendroaspis jamesoni) in an Afrotropical forested region
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Luiselli, Luca; Angelici, Francesco M.; Akani, Godfrey C.
Several aspects of the ecology of Jameson’s green mamba Dendroaspis jamesoni jamesoni (Traill, 1843), a large-sized arboreal elapid snake, are studied in southern Nigeria. This species 18 common and widespread in the region studied. On the basis of the analysis of both the habitats of capture of the various specimens and the results of a logistical regression model, it seems that this species inhabits a wide variety of habitats (including secondary forest patches and the plantation-forest mosaic), and that its local distribution is not influenced by the Presence of any macrohabitat parameter. Green mambas were observed both in the dry and in the wet season, without any statistical bias toward a particular season. Adult sex-ratio was aPproximately 1 : 1....
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Elapidae; Snakes; Ecology; Nigeria.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534327

The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Alborán Sea, western Mediterranean)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Peña Cantero, A.L.; García Carrascosa, A.M.
The benthic hydroid fauna of the Chafarinas Islands (Western Mediterranean), collected during a survey in the summer of 1991, has been studied. A total of 86 species, 20 athecate hydroids and 66 thecate hydroids, has been recorded. For every species, the synonymy, a survey of the material studied and data concerning ecology and distribution are included. The majority of the species has been figured and the most important have been (re)described.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Hydrozoa; Hydroids; Benthos; Biodiversity; Ecology; Biogeography; New species; 42.79.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/219939

Notes on collections of fruit bats from Sulawesi and some off-lying islands (Mammalia, Megachiroptera)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bergmans, W.; Rozendaal, F.G.
Notes are given on the taxonomy, reproductive biology, ecology and ectoparasites of 20 species of - mostly recently collected - Megachiroptera from Sulawesi, Indonesia. The occurrence of one species on Sulawesi is considered doubtful and a further three species are deleted from the Sulawesian faunal list. A key based on externally visible characters and a gazetteer of the collecting localities of Sulawesian bats are appended.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Megachiroptera; Sulawesi; Sangihe Islands; Taxonomy; Zoogeography; Biometry; Ecology; Reproductive biology; Ectoparasites.; 42.84.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317853

Advertisement calls of Bolivian species of Scinax (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Riva, Ignacio de la; Márquez, Rafael; Bosch, Jaime.
The advertisement calls of eight Bolivian species of Scinax are described including information on the calling behaviour of each species. A characteristic audiospectrogram and oscillogram are presented for each species, as well as numerical information about the spectral and temporal features of the calls. Two phenograms based on the characteristics of the mating calls are constructed, the first one using a traditional multivariate technique (UPGMA) and the second one using audiospectrogram correlation, a new technique that allows holistic comparisons of single vocalizations.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Anura; Hylidae; Scinax; Bolivia; Advertisement calls; Ecology; Phylogeny.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/503936

New Scleractinian corals (Cnidaria: Anthozoa) from Sabah, North Borneo. Description of one new genus and eight new species, with notes on their taxonomy and ecology
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Ditlev, H.
Eight new species and one new genus of Scleractinian corals from Darvel Bay, North-western Borneo are described and illustrated. Enigmopora darveliensis, Acropora ridzwani, Lithophyllon ranjiti, Pectinia crassa, Mycedium spina, Plerogyra multilobata, Plerogyra diabolotus, and Plerogyra cauliformis. The evolutionary and distributional significance of the species is discussed. Borneo’s unique equatorial location and stable geological history are held responsible for its high diversity of corals with a number of unique species. The morphology of Enigmopora darveliensis is discussed and compared to other supposedly primitive extant corals. The endemic status of most of the Plerogyra species, with their unusually large polyps, is due to their narrow ecological...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Taxonomy; Ecology; New species; Biodiversity; Coral reefs; Indo-Pacific; Centre of diversity; 42.79.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/216143

Dipterocarps and Mycorrhiza. An ecological adaptation and a factor in forest regeneration
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Smits, W.Th.M.
Each dipterocarp has its own species of fungus, forming an ectomycorrhiza. From literature and experiments (in East Kalimantan and in vitro) ecological consequences are explored. These help explain the clumping of dipterocarp trees in the forest, the lack of hybrids, the poor dispersal, and speciation as dependent on the viability of the root-fungus combination on a particular soil type. Mycorrhizas are located in the top soil. They are extremely sensitive to increase of soil temperatures as occur after canopy opening, and to soil compaction by machinery and log skidding. This explains the setback of dipterocarp growth after crude logging. It is suggested that avoidance of soil compaction during logging, quick restoration of soil cover, and the use of...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Dipterocarpaceae; Ecology; Enrichment planting; Logging; Management; Mycorrhiza.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/532967

Is sexual size dimorphism in relative head size correlated with intersexual dietary divergence in West African forest cobras, Naja melanoleuca?
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Luiselli, Luca; Akani, Godfrey C.; Corti, Claudia; Angelici, Francesco M.
Sex-biased differences in dietary habits of snakes are often linked to pronounced sexual size dimorphism in absolute body size or in relative head size. We studied the food habits of free-ranging forest cobras (Naja melanoleuca) in southern Nigeria to find whether any intersexual dietary divergence is present in this species, and measured both museum vouchers and freeranging specimens to find whether any intersexual divergence in relative head size is present. We demonstrated that: (1) head sizes increases more rapidly with SVL in females than in males, with a result that, at the same body length, the females tended to have significantly larger heads; (2) males and females were nearly identical in dietary habits, both if we consider prey size or prey type;...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Serpentes; Cobras; Naja melanoleuca; Dietary habits; Sexual size dimorphism; Ecology; West Africa.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/534295

Incorporating ecological context: a revised protocol for the preservation of Nepenthes pitcher plant specimens (Nepenthaceae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Clarke, C.; Moran, J.A.
Pitcher plants of the family Nepenthaceae are vines or subscandent shrubs which produce modified leaf organs that in most species serve to attract, trap, retain and digest animals for nutritional benefit. The sole genus within the family, Nepenthes, is abundant and diverse in Malesia. Previous taxonomic treatments of Nepenthes have relied almost entirely on the morphological features of the plants, with characteristics of the pitchers, inflorescences, leaf blades and indumentum being the most informative. Recent ecological research demonstrates that unique morphological characteristics and trap geometries provide useful taxonomic information, but this is often lost or obscured when specimens are prepared for herbaria by pressing them. In this paper, we...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Herbarium specimens; Nepenthes; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/525086

Monobrachium parasitum (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) epizoic on antarctic bivalves and its bipolarity
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Jarms, G.; Mühlenhardt-Siegel, U.
During antarctic macrozoobenthos research, colonies of Monobrachium were found on small bivalves. The species problem of the genus Monobrachium is discussed and it is stated that there are three species. However, the widespread species Monobrachium parasitum might be a species-complex comprising several species. This can only be confirmed by rearing experiments and/or molecular investigations. Host specificity and the factors influencing the infection of the bivalve species are shown. The impact of the infection is demonstrated to be harmful to the host bivalve, although not of a parasitic nature. The phenomenon of bipolarity within the genus Monobrachium is discussed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Hydroids; Monobrachium; Bivalves; Symbiosis; Ecology; Bipolarity.; 42.72; 42.73.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317784

The genus Syzygium (Myrtaceae) in Vanuatu
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Tuiwawa, S.H.; Craven, L.A.; Sam, C.; Crisp, M.D.
Twenty species of Syzygium occur in Vanuatu of which eighteen are indigenous (six being endemic and one being an ancient introduction) and two are recently introduced. Three species are newly described: S. chanelii, S. flabellum and S. vanuatuense. The Syzygium flora of Vanuatu has strong links at species level to that of the Solomon Islands and Fiji, less strong links to elsewhere in the southwest Pacific and apparently no links to New Caledonia. Descriptions are provided for each species occurring in Vanuatu and identification keys are provided for flowering and vegetative material.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Biogeography; Ecology; Myrtaceae; Systematics; Syzygium; Taxonomy; Vanuatu.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524683

Les Caridea (Crustacea: Decapoda) des Herbiers de Phanérogames Marines de Nouvelle-Caledonie (Région de Nouméa) (Systématiquee, écologie, variations Nycthémèrales et vicariance)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Ledoyer, M.
This study deals with Caridean fauna living between the leaves of New-Caledonian seagrassmeadows (Cymodocea sp. principally) from zero to about eight meters and sampled during day and night. Twenty species (all figured) were caught (excluding Alpheidae). All are known. Nevertheless, in some cases, small variations have been observed by comparison with the same species from other areas. Presently, 70 species are recognized from New-Caledonian marine waters, including the 17 species reported in this papier for the first time from that region. Comparison with Caridean fauna of seagrass-meadows of other areas (Australia, Japan, Madagascar) shows a very important resemblance between them.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Crustacea; Caridea; Taxonomy; Ecology; Phanérogames; Marines; Seagrass; Nou- velle-Calédonie; Circadian.; 42.74.
Ano: 1984
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317743

Nature4Life: Knowledge agenda for research into biodiversity, ecology and evolution
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Biesmeijer, K.; Knoben, N.
The biggest social problems that we need to find answers to in the coming decades will concern food, water, economy, climate and quality of life, health and well-being. Although these are global issues, Dutch knowledge institutions are in a great position to make a major contribution to finding appropriate solutions.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Ecology; Evolution; Biodiversity research.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/632270

Spatial and temporal distribution of caddisfly larvae in two lowland streams in The Netherlands (Trichoptera)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Franken, R.J.M.; Klutman, A.G.M.; Tempelman, D.
Caddisflies are a species rich insect order. The adults are moth-like, but their wings bear hairs instead of scales. The larvae are aquatic and live in self-constructed cases, made of plant material, sand or debris. The species are used as indicators of water quality, but much is still not known about their biology and ecology. In this paper the preferred substrates and phenology of the larvae of 13 species are described, using the data of a survey of two lowland streams in the east of the Netherlands.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Trichoptera; Ecology; Phenology; Netherlands; 42.75.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/625699

An Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Flora of Guinea-Bissau (West Africa)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Catarino, L.; Martins, E.S.; Pinto Basto, M.F.; Diniz, M.A.
A Checklist of Guinea-Bissau’s vascular flora is presented, based on the inventory of herbarium material and on recent collections. In addition to the name, we cite for each taxon the basionym and synonyms, the life form and habitat, as well as the chorology, Raunkiaer’s biological type, phenology and vernacular names if known. 1507 specific and infra-specific taxa were recorded, of which 1459 are autochthonous, belonging to 696 genera. This shows a higher diversity than the 1000 species estimated so far. In the autochthonous flora there are 22 species of Pteridophyta from 14 families; 1041 taxa of Dicotyledons from 107 families, and 396 taxa of Monocotyledons belonging to 33 families. Three taxa are probably endemic to the country.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Flora; Phytogeography; Ecology; Chorology; Vernacular names; Guinea-Bissau.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526088

First Indonesian record of Fungiacava eilatensis Goreau et al., 1968 (Bivalvia: Mytilidae), endosymbiont of Fungia spp. (Scleractinia: Fungiidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Hoeksema, B.W.; Achituv, Y.
The mytilid bivalve Fungiacava eilatensis Goreau, Goreau, Neumann &amp; Yonge, 1968, previously mistakenly referred to as F. eilatensis Soot-Ryen, 1969, is reported for the first time from Indonesia. It lives as an obligate endosymbiont of mushroom corals, particulary Fungia spp., reef-dwelling corals restricted to the tropical Indo-Pacific. Notes are given on its association with different host species, its habitat, its biogeography, and its possible competition with endosymbiotic gastropods belonging to the genus Leptoconchus (Coralliophilidae).
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Bivalvia; Mytilidae; Fungiacava; Lithophaga; Gastropoda; Prosobranchia; Coralliophilidae; Leptoconchus; Endosymbiosis; Host species; Anthozoa; Scleractinia; Fungiidae; Fungia; Ecology; Biogeography; Indonesia; 42.72; 72.73.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/268735

Dischidia (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae) in Laos and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Livshultz, T.; The Bach, Tran; Bounphanmy, Somchanh; Schott, D.
Two new species, Dischidia dohtii Tran &amp; Livsh. and D. cornuta Livsh., are described and illustrated. Dischidia rimicola Kerr is illustrated for the first time. All three species are associated with treenesting ants of the genus Crematogaster. Presentation experiments with seeds of D. rimicola indicate that they are attractive to the ants. The possible affinity between D. dohtii and the enigmatic D. khasiana Hook.f. from north-eastern India is discussed; D. khasiana is lectotypified. A key to the 14 species of Dischidia documented from Vietnam and Laos and a list of exsiccatae are provided.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Dischidia; Apocynaceae; Asclepiadaceae; Morphology; Taxonomy; Ecology; Ant plant.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526044

Herinneringen aan een reis naar Sint-Helena (3)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Hartog, J.C. den.
In dit derde en laatste artikel vervolgt de auteur zijn reis langs onder andere Sint-Helena en Ascencion, twee eilanden midden in de Atlantische Oceaan. Door hun geïsoleerde ligging bevatten oceanische eilanden levensvormen, die nergens anders voorkomen.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Islands; Endemism; Saint Helena; Ecology; Marine biology; 42.94.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/460103

Taxonomy, ecology, and conservation status of Philippine Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Barcelona, J.F.; Pelser, P.B.; Balete, D.S.; Co, L.L.
The number of Rafflesia species (Rafflesiaceae) reported for the Philippines has grown explosively from two before 2002 to ten or eleven presently. We present an overview of the current knowledge of Philippine Rafflesia by providing a comprehensive account of all the recognized species with their taxonomy, distribution and ecology, plus a key and photographs to aid in identification. Their conservation status and that of the rain forest habitats they require is discussed.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Ecology; Philippines; Rafflesia; Rafflesiaceae; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524740

Ecology and distribution of Lycopodiaceae Mirbel in Malaysia
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Rusea, G.; Claysius, K.; Runi, S.; Joanes, U.; Haja Maideen, K.M.; Latiff, A.
This paper is the first account to discuss the distribution, ecology and habitats of the Lycopodiaceae in Malaysia. Lycopodiaceae are widely distributed throughout Malaysia with respect to altitudes and environmental conditions but most abundantly found in hill forest and lower montane forest, terrestrial as well as epiphytic, in shaded or semi-shaded places with relatively high humidity. Pahang in Peninsular Malaysia and Sabah in Borneo have the highest species diversity in terms of the number of species collected.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Distribution; Ecology; Habitats; Lycopodiaceae.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526293

The genus Hippolyte Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea: Hippolytidae) in the East Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea, with a checklist of all species in the genus
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: d'Udekem d'Acoz, C.
The genus Hippolyte Leach in the East Atlantic and the Mediterranean is revised and a list of the world species is given. Eleven species occur in the area studied: H. coerulescens (Fabricius), H. garciarasoi spec. nov., H. inermis Leach, H. lagarderei d'Udekem d'Acoz, H. leptocerus (Heller), H. leptometrae Ledoyer, H. niezabitowskii spec. nov., H. palliola Kensley, H. prideauxiana Leach, H. sapphica d'Udekem d'Acoz, H. varians Leach. An elaborate key, complete descriptions and illustrations of all species are provided, while their ecology is discussed in detail. A morphological account is also given for the species occuring in the Suez Canal: H. proteus (Paulson) and H. ventricosa H. Milne Edwards. It is shown that H. prideauxiana (previously H. huntii)...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Crustacea; Decapoda; Caridea; Hippolytidae; Hippolyte; Shrimp; Systematics; Discontinu- ous variations; Neoteny; Ecology; East Atlantic; Mediterranean; World species list.; 42.74.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317714

Herinneringen aan een reis naar Sint-Helena (2)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Hartog, J.C. den.
St.-Helena, waar Napoleon zijn einde vond, is maar een klein eiland. Toch ontwikkelde zich er in de loop van de evolutie een aantal merkwaardige eilandvormen, zowel bij de planten als de dieren. Helaas zijn er daarvan verloren gegaan door ernstige fauna- en floravervalsing.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Islands; Endemism; Saint Helena; Ecology; 42.97.
Ano: 1989
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/460121

Integrative taxonomy reveals an unexpected diversity in Geastrum section Geastrum (Geastrales, Basidiomycota)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Zamora, J.C.; Calonge, F.D.; Martín, M.P.
A revision of the classification of Geastrum sect. Geastrum is presented on the basis of an integrative taxonomic approach, which involves the study of morphological, molecular, ecological, and chorological data. Four DNA regions are analysed: the ITS and LSU nrDNA, rpb1, and atp6. Phylogenetic reconstructions include 95 ingroup samples and show five main clades, which are considered as five subsections, one of them proposed as new (G. subsect. Hungarica), and a total of 27 lineages recognizable at species level. Discriminant function analyses, ANOVAs and Tukey’s HSD tests on more than 500 basidiomata reveal the utility of several quantitative morphological characters for species delimitation. As a result of the combination of the different sources of...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Chorology; Ecology; Geastraceae; Morphology; Phylogenetics; Species delimitation.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/560059

Morphology, Ecology and Biogeography of the South American Caecilian Chthonerpeton Indistinctum (Amphibia: Gymnophiona: Typhlonectidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Gudynas, E.; Williams, J.D.; Mercedes Azpelicueta, M. de las.
This study of Chthonerpeton indistinctum (Reinhardt &amp; Lütken, 1861) considers 25 morphometric characters, teeth-counts and sex, based on 96 specimens. A multivariate analysis of characters and comparisons of geographically arranged samples is carried out by graphic and statistical methods. No trends in geographical variation were found. Subsequently a redescription of the species is presented, including measurements and counts. Sexual dimorphism was observed for four characters related to the cloacal region. The results are discussed and compared with previous reports. Character-variation is also studied. Primary annuli counts show very low variation; sample variation profiles were similar for the remaining characters. A revision of biological data...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Morphology; Redescription; Ecology; Biogeography; Gymnophiona; Chthonerpeton indistinctum; 42.82.
Ano: 1988
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/319298

The Old World species of Boehmeria (Urticaceae, tribus Boehmerieae). A taxonomic revision
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Wilmot-Dear, C.M.; Friis, I.
This is the second part of a world-wide revision of the genus Boehmeria, the previously-published part having dealt with the New World species. The Old World species are widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics from West Africa to islands in the Pacific Ocean and from Japan and China to Southern Africa, Madagascar and Australia, with the highest species richness in the Himalayas and their extension into China and Indochina. No indigenous species is common to both the Old and New World. The species represent taxonomic units of very different complexity: most species exhibit little infraspecific variation; in several others formal taxonomic infraspecific units can be recognised; however, in two, B. virgata and B. japonica, a highly complex variation...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Boehmeria; Conservation assessment; Descriptions; Distribution; Ecology; Keys; Old World; Taxon richness; Taxonomic revision; Urticaceae.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524890

A black, non-troglomorphic amphibian from the karst of Slovenia: Proteus anguinus parkelj n. ssp. (Urodela: Proteidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Sket, B.; Arntzen, J.W.
A morphologically distinct cavernicolous salamander Proteus anguinus from southeastern Slovenia (Bela Krajina) is described as P. a. parkelj ssp. n. It differs from P. a. anguinus in a dark pigmentation, fully developed eyes, a skull with broader and shorter bones and fewer teeth, a voluminous jaw musculature that gives the head a bulky appearance, a proportionally longer trunk with a higher number of vertebrae, shorter extremities, and a shorter tail. Most of these traits are considered to be plesiomorphic character states. An allozyme analysis over 40 loci has shown the new dark pigmented taxon to be genetically similar to a white and troglomorphic neighbouring population from Stična (DNei = 0.23). Both populations in turn are genetically dissimilar to a...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Urodela; Proteus; Taxonomy; Morphology; Allozyme analysis; Ecology; Distribution.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/503865

In memoriam Prof. Dr J.T. Wiebes (1931-1999), evolutionary biologist and systematic entomologist
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bruggen, A.C. van; Achterberg, C. van.
Born on 13 September 1931 in Rotterdam, Jacobus Theodorus [Koos] Wiebes read biology at Leiden University where he obtained his Ph.D. in 1963 on studies of Indo-Australian fig wasps. He started working on spiders (Lycosidae, Pisauridae) and beetles (Carabidae, Cetoniidae, Helodidae), but he earned his scientific reputation as a specialist in fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae, Torymidae), their parasitoids and intricate host relationships (1961-1994: 89 papers). He served for many years on the staff of the Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie, Leiden (1955-1970, initially as assistant, later as curator of Coleoptera and as assistant director since 1965), to return as director of the newly merged national zoology and geology museums (ad interim 1982-1984,...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Hymenoptera; Chalcidoidea; Agaonidae; Torymidae; Fig wasps; Figs; Co-evolution; Lepidoptera; Yponomeutidae; Yponomeuta; Ermine moths; Coleoptera; Carabidae; Cetoniidae; Helodidae; Arachnida; Lycosidae; Pisauridae; Evolutionary biology; Taxonomy; Phylogeny; Ecology; Biography; Bibliography; History of biology; Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Historie/Leiden-National Museum of Natural History/Leiden; 42.75.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/216033

Taxonomy, ecology and fishery of Lake Victoria haplochromine trophic groups
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Witte, F.; Oijen, M.J.P van.
Based on ecological and morphological features, the 300 or more haplochromine cichlid species of Lake Victoria are classified into fifteen (sub)trophic groups. A key to the trophic groups, mainly based on external morphological characters, is presented. Of each trophic group a description is given comprising data on taxonomy, ecology and fishery. As far as possible data from the period before the Nile perch upsurge and from the present situation are compared. A list of described species classified into trophic groups is added.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Fishery; Haplochromis; Haplochromine cichlids; Key; Lake Victoria; Taxonomy; Trophic groups.; 42.81.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317685

Hydroids from French Polynesia with notes on distribution and ecology
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Vervoort, W.; Vasseur, P.
INTRODUCTION  Distribution and ecology of hydroids from coral reefs of high islands and atolls of French Polynesia so far have received little attention. Redier (1967, 1971) published a preliminary list of 14 species from Salvat's collections, sampled during several trips to Tahiti, Tuamoto (Mururoa, Reao and Maturei Vavao Atolls), to the Australes Islands (Rapa) and to Gambier.   The present paper results from researches carried out by one of us (P.V.)  concerning the benthic bionomy of reef sciophilous communities of hard bottoms. They have been carried out at Tiahura, Moorea, Society Islands (fig. IA) and on Takapoto Atoll, Tuamoto Archipelago (fig. 2A) in 1973 and 1974. They gave us occasion to compile a revised list of about 22 species of hydroids...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Hydroids; Ecology; Distribution; French Polynesia; 42.72.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/323934

The rediscovery of Cervera atlantica (Johnson, 1861) (Cnidaria: Octocorallia): notes on its identification, ecology and geographical distribution
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Williams, R.B.
Cervera atlantica, a small stoloniferan octocoral, was described as Cornularia atlantica by James Yate Johnson in 1861 from Funchal, Madeira. It then remained unrecognized until 1972 when I discovered it on the Mediterranean coast of Spain. I have since confirmed its existence at the type locality and have traced its distribution around Madeira, throughout the Canary Islands, and on Portuguese and English coasts. In the Mediterranean Sea, I have found it along Spanish and French coasts, among the Balearic Islands and on the coast of Cyprus. Cervera atlantica is cryptic and photophobic, living under stones in shallow water (usually at 0-2 m) or in crevices and caves in massive intertidal rocks, protected from direct sunlight. Intolerant of rough water, it...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Octocorallia; Cervera atlantica; Cornularia cornucopiae; Identification; Ecology; Zoogeography.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/505386

A revision of the Heteropteryginae (Insecta: Phasmida: Bacillidae) of Borneo, with the description of a new genus and ten new species
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bragg, P.E.
The three tribes of Heteropteryginae Kirby, 1896 occurring in Borneo are nocturnal, and ground dwelling species, easily found in both primary and secondary rainforest. The subfamily is reviewed, with keys and redescriptions of all Bornean species; one new species of a predominantly Bornean genus is described from the Philippines. Lectotypes have been selected for a number of species. The eggs of 17 species are described and illustrated. Distribution maps are given for all species. Many of the species have been collected by the author and reared in the United Kingdom; some observations on their natural history and behaviour are included. In the tribe Heteropterygini the synonymy has been re-examined with a revision to the status of several taxa. The five...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Phasmida; Heteropteryginae; Distribution; Ecology; Borneo; New genus; Spinodares; New species; Dares; Datames; Lectotypes.; 42.75.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317712

What shapes amino acid and sugar composition in Mediterranean floral nectars?
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Petanidou, T.; Van Laere, A.; Ellis, W.; Smets, E.
We studied the amino acid (AA) composition of the floral nectars of 73 plant species occurring in a phryganic (East Mediterranean garrigue) community and investigated whether AA and sugar composition is shaped by evolutionary (plant phylogeny), ecological (flowering time as a direct effect of summer drought) and coevolutionary (pollinator partnership) constraints. Our study utilised an extensive plantpollinator matrix compiled in the same area where the plants had been sampled.  Using HPLC we detected 22 AA compounds/groups of compounds, out of which 15 were commonly present in almost all nectars. Among all AAs, phenylalanine was the most abundant, especially in keystone (â€˜â€˜cornucopianâ€™â€™) plant species visited by many insect species, such as the...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Floral nectar; Composition; Mediterranean; Evolution; Ecology; Coeveloution.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/407342

Corallimorphus profundus in shallow Antarctic habitats: Bionomics, histology, and systematics (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Riemann-Zürneck, K.; Iken, K.
In March 2000 and November/December 2001 thirteen specimens of Corallimorphus profundus Moseley, 1877, a conspicuous, anemone-like cnidarian, were hand-sampled by SCUBA diving in 30 to 40 m depth off US Palmer Station, Antarctic Peninsula. Corallimorphus species were formerly recorded only from deep water habitats from where they had been brought up more or less damaged, with most of their epithelia lost or macerated. The present well preserved specimens offer the opportunity to study various aspects of the species’ morphology and biology, particularly as one mature female contained a full cycle of oogenesis besides two batches of brooded developmental stages. Most of the results obtained demonstrate that the genus Corallimorphus shows features and...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Corallimorpharia; Corallimorphidae; Corallimorphus; Nectactis; Scleractinia; Micrabaciidae; Leptopenus; Stephanophyllia; Letepsammia; Histology; Cnidom; Reproduction; Ecology; Systematics; Antarctic Peninsula; 42.79.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/220566

Gammaridea and Caprellidea (Crustacea — Amphipoda) of the Portuguese south-western continental shelf: taxonomy and distributional ecology
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Marques, João Carlos; Bellan-Santini, Denise.
Amphipods from the Portuguese south and south-western continental shelf were studied with regard to the species inventory, distribution, and ecology. This study allowed the identification of 113 species, belonging to 52 genera; of these species 28 are recorded for the first time along the Portuguese coast. Two species, Ampelisca heterodactyla Schellenberg, 1925, and A. latifrons Schellenberg, 1925, are redescribed. The latter is different from the Ampelisca named latifrons by Ledoyer in 1972 and 1982. The absolute frequencies and abundances of the species, and their distribution in terms of bathymetry and type of substrate are also analysed. The most frequent and abundant species also presented wide ranges of vertical distribution. In addition, these...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gammaridea; Caprellidea; Taxonomy; Distribution; Ecology; Portugal.
Ano: 1991
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/504578

Het genus Hylaeus in Nederland (Hymenoptera, Colletidae) : with a key to the species of N.W. Europe in English
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Koster, A.
The distribution and ecology of all twenty species of Hylaeus Fabricius, 1793 occurring in The Netherlands are discussed. A comprehensive key (in English) to the species of The Netherlands and adjacent areas is given. The maps illustrating the distribution within The Netherlands are based upon ca. 10,000 specimens. The collection of the Leiden Museum and literature sources were used in preparing the maps showing the distribution in Europe. Two species, H. pfankuchi and H. styriacus, have not been recorded from the Netherlands since 1950.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Hymenoptera; Colletidae; Hylaeus; Distribution; Ecology; The Netherlands; Keys.; 42.75.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317227

Nepenthes baramensis (Nepenthaceae) – a new species from north-western Borneo
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Clarke, C.; Moran, J.A.; Lee, C.C.
Nepenthes baramensis, a new species from peat swamp and heath forests in north-western Borneo, is described. It is distinguished from related species on the basis of its modified pitchers, which facilitate a facultative mutualistic interaction with Hardwicke’s Woolly Bat, Kerivoula hardwickii, which roosts in its pitchers and may provide the plant with a substantial proportion of its foliar nitrogen.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Borneo; Ecology; Nepenthaceae; Nepenthes baramensis; Nepenthes rafflesiana; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524728

Proceedings of the Third International Megapode Symposium, Nhill, Australia, December 1997  [contents and introduction]
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Dekker, R.W.R.J.; Jones, D.N.; Benshemesh, J.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Megapodiidae; Galliformes; Aves; Biogeography; Phylogeny; Behaviour; Ecology; Conservation; Bibliography; 42.83.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/219415

First record of a Tachaea species from Sulawesi (Indonesia) with description of its manca stage (Isopoda, Flabellifera, Corallanidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Bowman, Thomas E.; Botosaneanu, Lazare.
A corallanid isopod in the manca stage (lacking pereopod 7), collected from alluvial gravel along the Batui River in Sulawesi, Indonesia, and identified questionably as Tachaea lacustris Weber, 1892, is illustrated and described in detail. Tachaea lacustris was known previously only from freshwater lakes in Sumatra and Java. Its presence in river alluvial gravel should not be interpreted as possible adaptation to the hyporheic habitat.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Isopoda Corallanidae; Tachaea; Taxonomy; Distribution; Ecology; Sulawesi.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/504343

Systematics, phylogeny and zoogeography of Bulimulinae (Mollusca)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Breure, A.S.H.
In this publication a revision is given of the genera of the subfamily Bulimulinae (Gastropoda, Pulmonata, Bulimulidae).  The morphological variation of the shell, radula, pallial organs and genitalia is analized and 21 character transition series are recognized.  In the systematical part the following data are presented for each genus : description of shell and anatomy, distribution, ecology, bibliography and a list of taxa. The number of (sub) genera is reduced from 80 to 43 ( + two nomina inquirenda). A new synonymy is : Paracochlea Hylton Scott, 1967 = Eudioptus Albers, 1860. The following new species names are introduced : Bostryx sophieae, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) marcapatensis, Drymaeus (Drymaeus) sophieae, Drymaeus (Mesembrinus) pseudobesus. Berendtia...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Gastropoda; Pulmonata; Bulimulidae; Revision; Description; Distribution; Ecology; 42.73.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/323943

A biosystematic basis for pelagic biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Spoel, S. van der.
Biodiversity can be considered to be a human appreciation of the biological entity diversity. Diversity can be expressed numerically on the basis of taxa found, but it can also be expressed as the contribution of a specimen to the diversity, for which a formula is proposed. Diversity is the sum of the taxonomic or numerical diversity, and the ecological, genetical, historical, and phylogenetic diversity. Moreover, each group, or larger taxon, has its own characteristic diversity. These types of diversity are considered separately. One formula is tentatively proposed to calculate the overall diversity. Diversity in nature is variable, which is demonstrated in a diagram for comparison with societyinduced diversity changes. Diversity in the pelagic fluctuates...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Diversity calculation; Ecology; Pelagic; Phylogeny.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/504018

A review of Chorthippus species with angled pronotal lateral keels from Greece with special reference to transitional populations between some Peloponnesean taxa (Orthoptera, Acrididae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Willemse, F.; Helversen, O. von; Odé, B.
This paper presents a summary of the current knowledge on the systematics of the Greek taxa of Chorthippus, morphologically characterised by angled lateral pronotal keels (usually grouped as Glyptobothrus). Prior to this paper, based on traditional morphology, ten taxa of Chorthippus with angled lateral pronotal keels were recognized from Greece. Based on morphology as well as (and more importantly so) bioacoustics thirteen Greek taxa are now recognised. With addition of a few additional related taxa that occur only outside Greece, all are treated in this paper: Chorthippus apricarius apricarius (Linnaeus, 1758), C. vagans vagans (Eversmann, 1848) (not in Greece), C. v. cypriotus (Uvarov, 1936) stat. nov. [Cyprus], C. v. africanus Nadig, 1981 [N. Africa],...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Chorthippus; Glyptobothrus; Greece; Acrididae; Orthoptera; Morphology; Bioacoustics; Taxonomy; Variability; Transitional or hybrid populations; Phylogeny; Evolution; Palaeobiogeography; Key; Distribution; Ecology; 42.75.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/314191

Dry season distribution of hydroids in a small tropical estuary, Pernambuco, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Calder, D.R.; Maÿal, E.M.
Hydroid distribution patterns along a horizontal ecocline in the Rio Formoso/Rio Ariquindá/Rio Porto Alegre system, a small and seasonally poikilohaline estuary on the tropical northeast coast of Brazil, were investigated. Collecting was undertaken during the dry season, in November 1993, by diving (with and without SCUBA). Nine stations were sampled on a transect extending from a reef outside the river mouth to a mangrove system at the upper end of the estuary. Four major regions were distinguished along the ecocline based on numerical analyses of hydroid species/station location data: (1) nearshore reef — a sandstone ledge outside the entrance of the estuary; (2) river mouth — a sandy and shelly flood-tidal delta area inside the entrance of the Rio...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Cnidaria; Hydrozoa; Hydroids; Estuary; Zonation; Distribution; Ecology; Brazil.; 42.72.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/317616

Larger benthic foraminifera and their distribution patterns on the Spermonde shelf, South Sulawesi
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Renema, W.; Hoeksema, B.W.; Hinte, J.E. van.
A systematic description of the distributional pattern of 20 species of larger benthic foraminifera on the Spermonde Archipelago and their relation with environmental parameters is presented. Around 13 islands transects at the exposed and leeward slope were sampled. Apart from parameters like substrate type, hydrodynamic energy and light intensity (directly related to depth) also nutrient availability and environmental stabiltity determine the distribution over the shelf. Some of the species, and especially the calcarinids, are less specialised to some of these parameters than in other areas. Elphidium craticulatum, showing chloroplast husbandry, is an important fauna component.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Benthic foraminifera; Spermonde Archipelago; Sulawesi; Distribution; Ecology; 42.79.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/219452

Prey capture and meat-eating by the wild colobus monkey _Rhinopithecus bieti_ in Yunnan, China
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Baoping Ren; Dayong Li; Zhijin Liu; Hua Wu; Ming Li.
If it is true that extant primates evolved from an insectivorous ancestor, then primate entomophagy would be a primitive trait. Many taxa, however, have undergone a dietary shift from entomophagy to phytophagy, evolving a specialised gut and dentition and becoming exclusive herbivores. The exclusively herbivorous taxa are the Malagasy families Indriidae and Lepilemuridae, and the Old World Monkey subfamily Colobinae, and among these meat-eating has not been observed except as an anomaly, with the sole exception of the Hanuman langur (_Semnopithecus entellus_), which feeds on insects seasonally, and a single observation of a nestling bird predated by wild Sichuan snub-nosed monkeys (_Rhinopithecus roxellana_). Here, we describe the regular capture of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3021/version/1

Effect of temperature on waterflea Daphnia magna (Crustacea:Cladocera)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Quddus Khan; Munawer Khan.
Acclimation of the waterflea Daphnia magna Straus (Crustacea: Cladocera) at 2 o to 12 o C above their habitat temperature (16 o C) for 6 months increased the rate of their metabolic activity (respiration and heartbeat rates). Temperature-enhanced activity appeared to be supported by cellular ATP synthesis (increased cytochrome c oxidase and succinic dehydrogenase activities) and hydrolysis (increased ATPases activities), indicating high rate of intermediary metabolism, the substrates for which may come from the stored glycogen and fat in addition to ingested food. Temperature-enhanced activity was associated with loss of body mass and decrease in body size, both of which may result from hyperactivity (causing lack of replenishment of consumed stored...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1909/version/1

A New General Allometric Biomass Model
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wei Sheng Zeng; Shou Zheng Tang.
To implement monitoring and assessment of national forest biomass, it is becoming the trend to develop generalized single-tree biomass models suitable for large scale forest biomass estimation. Considering that the theoretical biomass allometric model developed by West et al. [1,2] was statistically different from the empirical one, the two parameters in the most commonly used biomass equation M=aDb were analyzed in this paper. Firstly, based on the knowledge of geometry, the theoretical value of parameter b was deduced, i.e., b=7/3(~2.33), and the comparison with many empirical studies conducted throughout the globe indicated that the theoretical parameter could describe soundly the average allometric relationship between aboveground biomass M and D...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6704/version/2

Towards realising Darwin&amp;#x2019;s dream: setting the trees free
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roderic Page.
The fact that all living organisms are related by common descent is one of the central principles of modern biology.  Since the early 1990&amp;#x27;s the amount of data available to evolutionary biologists has exploded, and Elsevier&amp;#x2019;s journal _Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution_, has become the largest single publisher of evolutionary trees (phylogenies). These trees and their supporting data potentially form a tremendous resource for biologists, with applications in genomics, evolutionary biology, biodiversity, and public health. However, most published trees are not available in any public database, but instead languish as images, &amp;#x22;locked up&amp;#x22; in the pages of journals. A long term solution to this problem is to invert the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2217/version/1

The transmission dynamics of syphilis and the CDC&amp;#x2019;s elimination plan
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Romulus Breban; Virginie Supervie; Justin Okano; Raffaele Vardavas; Sally Blower.
The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) is currently attempting to eliminate syphilis in the United States (US); to ensure that their control strategies will be effective it is important to understand the transmission dynamics of syphilis. Epidemics of certain infectious diseases (e.g., influenza) can rise and fall with a well-defined periodicity; this cycling behavior is important because it can have significant implications for the design and effectiveness of control strategies. Here we discuss the methodology that has been used to identify epidemic cycles in longitudinal data sets, and the endogenous and exogenous mechanisms that generate cycling. We then examine the recently proposed hypothesis that syphilis epidemics cycle. This hypothesis was proposed...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1373/version/1

The Earliest Perfect Flower
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xin Wang; Shaolin Zheng.
Despite of angiosperms in the Yixian Formation (&amp;#x3e;125 Ma, early Cretaceous), there is no perfect flower typical of angiosperms to date. Here we report _Euanthus dilaensis_ gen. et sp. nov as the earliest perfect flower known to date. The flower includes tepals, androecium and gynoecium. The anthers are globose in form, with bristles atop and in situ round-triangular pollen grains. The gynoecium is composed of probably two carpels with plumose stigmas and a carpel-enclosing receptacle. The discovery of _Euanthus_ increases the diversity of early angiosperms, and indicates that perfect flowers occurred as early as 125 Ma ago.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1320/version/1

Productivity and forage quality of a phytodiverse semi-natural grassland &amp;#xb;under various management regimes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tatiana  From; Ute K. Petersen; Johannes Isselstein.
Grassland management experiment (GrassMan) was set up in 2008 on a permanent semi-natural grassland in the Solling uplands, Germany. The main research focus is on the ecosystem functioning of the phytodiverse grassland (e.g. productivity and forage quality, water and nutrient fluxes). The aim of our study was to analyse the effects of vegetation composition and functional diversity on productivity and forage quality of the semi-natural permanent grassland. Variation in sward composition was achieved by herbicide application and resulted in three sward types: control sward type (without herbicide application), monocot-reduced and dicot-reduced. Further management factors included different nutrient input levels (without fertilizer and 180-30-100 kg/ha of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6622/version/1

Why do many animals move with a predominance of roughly forward directions?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kevin Duffy.
Animal movements can influence their ecology and demographics. Animal movements are often characterized by path structures with directional persistence. The extent to which directional persistence improves forage success is investigated in this paper using theoretical simulations. It is shown that a movement strategy with directional persistence enables simulated animals to find more forage as compared to a random movement strategy. Situations where resources are chosen with certainty (optimally) are even more successful. Choosing resource with certainty cannot result in directional persistence. However, in cases where animals choose with certainty adjacent cells with resource but continue in their existing direction if none of these have resources then...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5156/version/1

Motif analysis of amphioxus, lamprey and invertebrate estrogen receptors and amphioxus and human estrogen-related receptors: Towards a better understanding of estrogen receptor evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker; Charlie Chandsawangbhuwana.
*Background.*  The origins of steroid-dependent regulation of the vertebrate estrogen receptor (ER) are poorly understood.  Genes with statistically significant sequence similarity to vertebrate ERs have been found in lamprey, a basal vertebrate, and amphioxus, a basal chordate.  Motif analysis of these sequences provides an opportunity to investigate early events in the evolution of the ER.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Results.*  We used artificial intelligence-based software to construct twelve motifs specific to the estrogen-binding domain of ER[alpha] and ER[beta] in land vertebrates and teleosts.  We mapped these ER-specific motifs onto the sequences of lamprey, amphioxus, invertebrate and selected vertebrate ERs and amphioxus, Ciona and human estrogen-related...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1542/version/2

Photoprotection in Southern Ocean phytoplankton: missing key to low primary productivity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gary Griffith; Ross Vennell.
The Southern Ocean is considered a zone of high nutrients and low chlorophyll (HNLC). Despite the year round availability of nutrients, phytoplankton biomass remains low. Key modes of control are now thought to be light, grazing, iron and supply of silicic acid^1^. Physiological photoprotective mechanisms used by phytoplankton to regulate photosynthesis versus rapid light fluctuations have not been considered important. In diatoms and haptophytes, which are the major component of phytoplankton biodiversity in the Southern Ocean, the one step de-epoxidation of diadinoxanthin (Dd) into diatoxanthin (Dt) of the Dd-cycle constitutes the main photoprotective mechanism^2,3^. Here we show that Southern Ocean diatoms and haptophytes have higher concentrations of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5377/version/1

Differential photosynthetic adaptation between size-classes of Spruce  and Fir juveniles help to explain the co-existence of the two species.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Edgard Bontempo e Silva; Toshihiko Hara; Akihiro Sumida; Kiyomi Ono.
Background/Question/Methods &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;_Abies sachalinensis_ (Sakhalin Fir) and _Picea glehnii_ (Glehn&amp;#x2019;s Spruce) are major components of the sub-boreal forests of Hokkaido, Japan. Similar Spruce-Fir forests can be found in many other places in the northern hemisphere and will probably be impacted by global warming. Therefore, detailed knowledge of these species&amp;#x2019; physiology and life-history strategies at different growth stages is important to understand present communities and to support reliable prediction of possible consequences of global climate change. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Accordingly, the objective of this study was to establish relations between community dynamics, life-history strategies and photosynthetic adaptation of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5298/version/1

GESTATION LENGTH OF KARI SHEEP
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sohail Ahmad.
Previously, the concept of a gestation period of sheep shorter than 121 days was unheard of in the field of sheep biology. Our findings during a farmers&amp;#x2019; survey in the Lotkho area of Chitral, Pakistan, revealed that the sheep native to the region, locally called &amp;#x201c;Kari&amp;#x201d;, gestates for a period of only three months. This duration is 25-40% short of the usual gestation length and is shorter than ever recorded for the species. The mean and mode gestation length (GL) was 110 and 92 days respectively and was concentrated in three distinct clusters: day 87-95, 120-123 and 151-153, accounting for 52% of all observations. GL was influenced by location, season of conception and lambing and the interaction of location with season; had...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1620/version/1

Enzyme activities in brown forest soils after introduction of Bacillus thuringiensis-based bioinsecticides
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hasmik  S. Movsesyan; Arevik  M. Sargsyan; Naira  P. Ghazaryan.
Much attention in the complex of forest pest control methods nowadays is devoted to the application of biological preparations, especially to bacterial formulations produced on the base of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) that in addition to their high biological effectiveness against injurious insects are safe for man, homoi&amp;#x43e;therms, beneficial insects and fish. As is known only 20-40% of sprayed preparation influences directly on pests while its 60-80% by different ways eventually penetrates into the soil. Taking into account also the fact that usage norm of commercial bacterial preparations makes up to 1-3 kg ha^-1^ and that preparation powder contains 45-100 billion viable spores g^-1^ it becomes evident that as a result of spraying huge quantity...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6426/version/1

Calorific values and ash contents of different organs of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wei Sheng Zeng; Shou Zheng Tang; Qian Hui Xiao.
Calorific values of plants are important indices for evaluating and reflecting material cycle and energy conversion in forest ecosystems. Based on the data of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) in southern China, the calorific values (CVs) and ash contents (ACs) of different plant organs were analyzed systematically using hypothesis test and regression analysis in this paper. The results show: (i) the CVs and ACs of different plant organs are almost significantly different, and the order by AFCV (ash-free calorific value) from the largest to the smallest is foliage (23.55 kJ/g), branches (22.25 kJ/g), stem bark (21.71 kJ/g), root (21.52 kJ/g) and stem wood (21.35 kJ/g); and the order by AC is foliage (2.35%), stem bark (1.44%), root (1.42%), branches (1.08%)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6750/version/1

The relative importance of stabilizing mechanisms of coexistence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Glenda M. Yenni; Xiao Xiao.
*Background/Question/Methods* &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Stabilizing mechanisms of coexistence, by definition, cause a species to experience greater intraspecific competition than interspecific. This results in negative frequency-dependent growth rates for that species causing a negative relationship between its relative frequency in the community and its growth rate in the next year. The most crucial aspect of this negative relationship for persistence is that it enables a species to increase when rare. This has been empirically demonstrated for pairwise interactions. However, in species-rich communities, the effects of competition are not realistically pairwise. In cases where multiple species are competing for a resource, stabilizing mechanisms become...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3762/version/1

Activity of Exoenzymes in Treated Wastewater Irrigated Soils
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Elisabeth J&amp;#xfc;schke; Bernd Marschner.
The reuse of reclaimed wastewater for irrigation of agricultural fields greatly influences the activity of soil microorganisms through the input of organic compounds. Due to the production of exoenzymes by microorganisms for the decomposition of substrates it can be assumed that the irrigation with treated wastewater (TWW) has a strong influence on the soil enzyme pool. In this study the activity of ten exoenzymes, which catalyses processes in C, N and P nutrient cycles, were determined in 3 different soils in 0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-50, 50-70 and 70-100 cm soil depth. The soils were used for agriculture and irrigated with reclaimed wastewater reused after a secondary treatment step. Additionally a control after freshwater irrigation was studied. Due to the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6278/version/1

Declarative modelling in the ecological and environmental sciences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert Muetzelfeldt.
Most simulation models in ecological and environmental research are implemented as computer programs in a conventional programming language.   This brief paper argues for a radically different approach, based on the representation of the model structure, relationships and equations in a declarative format (e.g. XML).   Simulation code can then be generated from this, but in addition the model can be displayed and processed in a wide range of useful ways, greatly increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the modelling process.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/17/version/1

The role of fungi in mediating ecosystem responses to global change
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kathleen K. Treseder.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In this synthesis of published studies, we address two global change scenarios (global warming and anthropogenic N deposition) in which fungi can form feedbacks on carbon cycling that are counterintuitive to prevailing predictions and models. In each case, a consideration of fungal ecology, physiology, or evolutionary constraints could lead to changes in the sign or magnitude of carbon storage within soils, compared to current predictions. In the case of global warming, the majority of global carbon models that address this issue are parameterized so that decomposition rates increase in response&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;to warming, and that this increase is sustained in the long-term. Indeed, the majority of field...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5506/version/1

Soil Microbial Community Composition and Enzyme Activity Responses to an Intensive SilvopastoralSystem of Colombia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Victoria E. Vallejo; Richard P. Dick; Arbeli Ziv; Wilson Ter&amp;#xe1;n; Fabio Rold&amp;#xe1;n.
Extensive cattle production occupies more than 27% of the rural landscapes in Latin America, and nowadays is considered as a major driver of tropical deforestation. Conventional monoculture pasture (CP) systems have degraded soils and caused negative environmental impacts. Recent years have shown increasing interest in the development of alternatives to the CP with a high efficiency of internal resource use and thus lower input requirement and cost. To address this, intensive silvopastoral systems (ISS) have been developed where trees are integrated with crops, pastures, and cattle for environmental and economic benefits. Soil microbial communities drive nutrients cycling and play an essential role in maintaining and improving soil quality; however, little...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6265/version/1

Bias Correction in Logarithmic Regression and Comparison with Weighted Regression for Nonlinear Models
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wei Sheng Zeng; Shou Zheng Tang.
Non-linear models with heteroscedasticity are commonly used in ecological and forestry modeling, and logarithmic regression and weighted regression are usually employed to estimate the parameters. Using the single-tree biomass data of three large samples, the bias correction in logarithmic regression for non-linear models was studied and comparison between logarithmic regression and weighted regression was discussed in this paper. Firstly, the imminent cause producing bias in logarithmic regression was analyzed, and a new correction factor was presented with which three commonly used bias correction factors were examined together, and the results showed that the correction factors presented here and derived by Baskerville (1972) should be recommended,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6708/version/1

Changes in Fitness, physical activity, fatness, and screen time: A longitudinal study in children and adolescents
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Luisa Aires; Lars Bo Andersen; Denisa Mendon&amp;#xe7;a; Clarice Martins; Gustavo Silva; Maria Paula Santos; Jose  Ribeiro; Jorge Mota.
*_Objective:_* To analyze whether changes in Physical Activity Index (PAI), sedentary time (ST; TV and PC use), and Body Mass Index (BMI) made a significant contribution to longitudinal changes in Physical Fitness (PF) of children and adolescents. Additionally, we analyzed interaction between baseline fitness level and changes in fitness. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*_Methods:_* This is a three years longitudinal study of 345 high school students aged 11-19 years. Students were invited to perform tests from Fitnessgram battery for strength (curl-ups, push-up), and Cardiorespiratory fitness (20m-shuttle run). PAI and ST were evaluated using a standard questionnaire. Standardized scores of physical fitness tests were summed (ZPF). Changes over time,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3004/version/1

Occurrence of Gastroliths in _Baurusuchus_ (Baurusuchidae, Mesoeucrocodylia) from Adamantina Formation, Bauru Basin
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Felipe M. Vasconcellos; Leonardo Morato; Thiago Marinho; Ismar S. Carvalho.
The fossil record of Baurusuchidae Mesoeucrocodylia in the General Salgado county and its surroundings is one of the best regarding preservation, completeness and articulation of skull and skeleton remains, including specimens that shown even the most delicate bone structures and cartilaginous tissues. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;One of them, UFRJ DG 288-R, has preserved its skull and about 80% of its skeleton. During the removal of the rock matrix, on what should be the specimen&amp;#x2019;s abdominal region, together with fragments of gastralia were observed some small well-polished weathered angulous to subrounded clasts, presumed to be gastroliths. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;These xenoliths occur in a restrict cluster, where at least...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1950/version/1

Prospect and importance of green mulching on the soil status of tropical tasar plantation fields in India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rangareddygari Manohar Reddy; Ramkumar -.
The soils of tropical tasar plantation fields in general are sloppy and are primarily deficient of nutrition due to top soil erosion and constant leaf productivity exploitation to rear tasar silk insect, Antheraea mylitta Drury. The rainfed field of Terminalia tomentosa (W&amp;#x26;A) plantation has been evaluated for soil fortification with green mulching through legumes, Sun hemp (Crotalaria juncea), Daincha (Sesbania aculeata), Green gram (Vigna radiatus) and Black gram (Vigna mungo) during rainy season. The mulching has enhanced the water holding, moisture retention, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) and reduced the bulk density and pore space of soil. Among the legumes, Sun hemp has shown higher improvement of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6388/version/1

Living dangerously: an orb-weaving spider potentially exploits an ant-acacia mutualism for enemy-free space
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John D. Styrsky.
Exploitation of commodities exchanged in mutualistic interactions has been broadly documented, but typically involve the exploitation of a reward rather than a service.  Further, examples of exploiter species are extremely rare in certain groups of animals, such as spiders.  In 2008 and 2009, we investigated the potential exploitation by an orb-weaving spider (Eustala oblonga) of the plant protection services of ants on an ant-defended acacia (Acacia melanocerus) in lowland rainforest in central Panama.  Despite vigorous patrolling of the acacias by the very pugnacious ants (Pseudomyrmex satanicus), we observed the spiders constructing orb webs among the branches at night and resting quietly during the day on the leaves or at the bases of the thorns in...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5196/version/1

Homologous self-organising scale-invariant properties characterise long range species spread and cancer invasion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diana D. E. Marco; Sergio S. A. Cannas; Marcelo M. A. Montemurro; Bo Hu; Shiyuan Cheng.
The invariance of some system properties over a range of temporal and/or spatial scales is an attribute of many processes in nature1, often characterised by power law functions and fractal geometry2. In particular, there is growing consensus in that fat-tailed functions like the power law adequately describe long-distance dispersal (LDD) spread of organisms 3,4. Here we show that the spatial spread of individuals governed by a power law dispersal function is represented by a clear and unique signature, characterised by two properties: A fractal geometry of the boundaries of patches generated by dispersal with a fractal dimension D displaying universal features, and a disrupted patch size distribution characterised by two different power laws. Analysing...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/907/version/1

Ecological connection between fish preference in the diet of Siberian cranes and their incubation period in tundra zone
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Maria Vladimirtseva; Inga Bysykatova; Sergey Sleptsov.
We researched the ecology of the third rarest crane species, Siberian crane, which breeds in northern-eastern Siberian tundra. Nesting in places near great lakes, this crane appears to be an indicator of the global warming processes that affect lake growth as a result of the permafrost situation close to the surface in tundra. Research has shown that these birds are presumably fish-eating during their incubation period, coinciding with the flooding season when fish come to areas around great lakes. Such a diet may be explained by the necessity of high-energy food during the incubating period as well as the particularity of this species for leaving plant resources around the nest point for the period of the first days after chick hatching. This situation...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6997/version/1

A New General Allometric Biomass Model
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wei Sheng Zeng; Shou Zheng Tang.
To implement monitoring and assessment of national forest biomass, it is becoming the trend to develop generalized single-tree biomass models suitable for large scale forest biomass estimation. Considering that the theoretical biomass allometric model developed by West et al. [1,2] was statistically different from the empirical one, the two parameters in the most commonly used biomass equation M=aDb were analyzed in this paper. Firstly, based on the knowledge of geometry, the theoretical value of parameter b was deduced, i.e., b=7/3(&amp;#x2248;2.33), and the comparison with many empirical studies conducted throughout the globe indicated that the theoretical parameter could describe soundly the average allometric relationship between aboveground biomass M...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6704/version/1

The Brain in Business: The Case for Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nick Lee; Michael J. R. Butler; Carl Senior.
The application of cognitive neuroscientific techniques to understanding social behaviour has resulted in many discoveries. Yet advocates of the &amp;#x2018;social cognitive neuroscience&amp;#x2019; approach maintain that it suffers from a number of limitations. The most notable of these is its distance from any form of real-world applicability. One solution to this limitation is &amp;#x2018;Organisational Cognitive Neuroscience&amp;#x2019; &amp;#x2013; the study of the cognitive neuroscience of human behaviour in, and in response to, organizations. Given that all of us will spend most of our lives in some sort of work related organisation, organisational cognitive neuroscience allows us to examine the cognitive underpinnings of social behaviour that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2159/version/1

Selective insectivory in _Nymphaea nouchali_ Burm. f.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pundarikakshudu Tetali; Shrikant Sutar; Sujata Tetali.
Carnivorous plants comprise roughly 0.24 percent of the flowering plants, or 640 species represented in 12 families. Yet they are regarded as _miracula naturae_. Over fifty percent of these taxa are represented in a single family, namely Lentibulariaceae. Carnivorous plants are generally insectivorous, and carnivory in flowering plants is generally found in taxa that are adapted to nutrient-deficient habitats. The extra nutrients such plants acquire by special ways serve merely as supplements. The origin and evolution of carnivorous plants is a mystery in the phylogenetic tree of angiosperms, they often appear without a clear linkage. Here, we report that _Nymphaea nouchali_ Burm. f. (a cultivar of var. cernua), a large aquatic member of the family...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1817/version/1

An experimental and modelling exploration of the host-sanction hypothesis in legume-rhizobia mutualism
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diana Marco; Juan Carbajal; Sergio Cannas; Rebeca Perez-Arnedo; Angeles Hidalgo-Perea; Jose Olivares; Jose  Ruiz-Sainz; Juan Sanju&amp;#xe1;n.
Despite the importance of mutualism as a key ecological process, its persistence in nature is difficult to explain since the existence of exploitative, &amp;#x27;cheating&amp;#x27; partners that could erode the interaction is common. By analogy with the proposed policing strategy stabilizing intraspecific cooperation, host sanctions against non N2 fixing, cheating symbionts have been proposed as a force stabilizing mutualism in legume-Rhizobium symbiosis. Following this proposal, penalizations would include decreased nodular rhizobial viability and/or early nodule senescence in nodules occupied by cheating rhizobia. In this work, we analyze the stability of Rhizobium-legume symbiosis when &amp;#x22;cheating&amp;#x22; strains are present, using an...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1964/version/1

Calming down the seas: the near collapse of an Atlantic coastal fishery
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pablo Pita; Juan Freire.
For years now the estimates of the consequences of overfishing for marine ecosystems have differed greatly within the scientific community^1^. The use of commercial catch statistics to estimate tendencies has been much criticised^2^, but alternative information sources with long time series are rare. Here we employ the historic archive (1953-2007) of the recreational spearfishery in Galicia (NW Spain), which does not have the problems common to other fishery registers, to estimate long-term changes in coastal ecosystems. Using generalized additive regression models (GAM) we estimated decreases of around 83% in the abundances of coastal fish over the last 50 years. In the same period the average body size decreased by 36%. In addition, the relative catch...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4529/version/1

Obtaining New Insights for Biodiversity Conservation from Broad-Scale  Citizen Science Data
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steve Kelling; Daniel Fink; Wesley M. Hochachka; Marshall J. Iliff; Brian L. Sullivan; Christopher L. Wood; Arthur Munson; Mirek Riedewald.
Increasing public engagement in volunteer science1, either through data collection2 or processing3, is both raising public awareness of science and gathering useful information for scientists.  While the payoffs of citizen science4 are potentially large, achieving them requires new approaches to data management and analysis that can only result from strong cross-disciplinary collaborations.  This is especially true in ecology and conservation biology, where historically the understanding of species&amp;#x2019; responses to environmental change has been constrained by the limited spatial5 or temporal scale6 of available data.  Here we describe collaborative research in ecology, computer science, and statistics to generate essential information for...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3967/version/1

PlnTFDB: Plant Transcription Factor Database &amp;#x2013; Update
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diego Mauricio Ria&amp;#xf1;o-Pach&amp;#xf3;n; Luiz Gustavo Guedes Correa; Bernd Mueller-Roeber.
PlnTFDB is a publicly available computational resource comprising putative complete sets of transcription factors from plants. The original database listed the putative complete sets of TFs from five different green plant (viridiplantae) species. Up to date, summer 2007, PlnTFDB have had more than one hundred thousand hits from more than one thousand different clients, showing the importance that this resource had acquired for the plant community. In this first major update, we extended the coverage of the database to additional completed viridiplantae genomes, i.e., the moss _Physcomitrella patens_ and the rice _Oryza sativa_ spp _indica_. The scope of PlnTFDB was broadened to encompass other eukaryote photosynthetic organisms, such as the rhodophyte...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1094/version/1

Inverse relationship between genetic diversity and epigenetic complexity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shi Huang.
Early studies of molecular evolution revealed a correlation between genetic distance and time of species divergence.  This observation provoked the molecular clock hypothesis and in turn the &amp;#x2018;Neutral Theory&amp;#x2019;, which however remains an incomplete explanation since it predicts a constant mutation rate per generation whereas empirical evidence suggests a constant rate per year.  Data inconsistent with the molecular clock hypothesis have steadily accumulated in recent years that show no correlation between genetic distance and time of divergence.  It has therefore become a challenge to find a testable idea that can reconcile the seemingly conflicting data sets.  Here, an inverse relationship between genetic diversity and epigenetic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1751/version/1

The impact of Bt cotton on poor households in rural India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Arjunan Subramanian; Matin Qaim.
The impact of genetically modified (GM) crops on the poor in developing countries is still the subject of controversy. While previous studies have examined direct productivity effects of _Bacillus thuringiensis_ (Bt) cotton and other GM crops, little is known about wider socioeconomic outcomes. We develop a microeconomic modeling approach and use comprehensive survey data from India to analyze welfare and distribution effects in a typical village economy. Bt cotton adoption increases aggregate employment with interesting gender implications. Likewise, aggregate household incomes rise, including for poor and vulnerable farmers, suggesting that Bt cotton contributes to poverty reduction and rural development.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1812/version/1

Biodiversity shapes tree species aggregations in tropical forests
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shan-Huah Wu; Wei-Chun Chao; Chang-Fu Hsieh.
Spatial patterns of conspecific trees are considered as the consequences of biological interactions and environmental influences. They also reflect species interactions in plant communities. However, biological attributes are often neglected while deliberating the factors shaping species distributions. As rising attentions are paid to spatial patterns of tropical forest trees, we noticed that seven Center of Tropical Forest Sites and four Forest Dynamic Plots in Asia and America have presented analogously high proportions of species with aggregated conspecific individuals coincidently. This phenomenon is distinctive and repudiates fundamental ecology hypotheses which suggested dispersed distributions of conspecific tropical trees due to intensive density...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1670/version/1

China is on the track tackling Enteromorpha spp forming green tide
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Naihao  Ye; Zhimeng Zhuang; Xianshi Jin; Qingyin Wang; Xiaowen Zhang; Demao Li; Hongxia Wang; Yuze Mao; Zengjie Jiang; Bin Li; Zhixin Xue.
Green tide management is supposed to be a long term fight rather than an episode during the 29th Olympic Games for China, since it has been gaining in scale and frequency during the past 3 decades in both marine and estuary environment all over the world. A number of rapid-responding studies including oceanographic comprehensive surveys along the coastline have been conducted during the bloom and post-bloom periods in 2008 by Chinese marine scientists. The preliminary results are as below: (1) phylogenetic analysis indicates that the bloom forming alga forms a clade with representatives of the green seaweed Enteromorpha linza, though, the alga has been identified as E. proliera by means of morphological; (2) the present data suggest that the bloom was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2352/version/1

Designing nature reserves in the face of uncertainty
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael McCarthy; Colin Thompson; Hugh Possingham.
Conservation reserves are one of the most important tools for managing biodiversity. Ever since Diamond, based on theory of island biogeography, proposed that a single large reserve was preferable to several small reserves of the same total area, there has been an enduring debate about the veracity of his assertion. The so-called SLOSS debate - should we have a Single Large reserve Or Several Small reserves - features in every conservation text book and is central to conservation theory. Population dynamic models suggest that the design that minimizes the risk of extinction of species is case-specific, with the optimal number of reserves ranging between one and very many. Uncertainty is pervasive in ecology, but, the previous analyses of the SLOSS debate...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3387/version/1

Palaeobathymetry of the Abderaz Formation using foraminifera, Iran
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Meysam Shafiee Ardestani; Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad.
Abderaz Formation at its type section with an age of Turonian-early Campanian and a thickness of 300 m contains light grey shale and marl. The study of the planktonic foraminifera in isolated form led to differentiate three morphotype groups. The first group is characterized by trochospiral tests usually indicate shallow waters, the second group contains forms with strong ornamentations and the primary keels representing mid waters and finally compact trochospiral tests with keels known as deep water indices are included in the third group. Studies on the morphotypes showed a regressive cycle for Abderaz Formation. Also the planktonic to benthic ratio was calculated using Depth = e^(3.58718 + (0.03534 &amp;#xd7; %*p)^ equilibrium which explains that at the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2787/version/1

The effect of drought and subsequent precipitation pulse on productivity, species composition, and carbon fluxes of the herbaceous understorey in a cork oak woodland
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marjan Jongen; Maria C.  Caldeira; Jo&amp;#xe3;o S.  Pereira.
In the Iberian Peninsula, the cork oak woodlands are of great ecological and socio-economic importance. These savanna-type woodlands are characterized by an herbaceous understorey, dominated by C3 annual species. The productivity and related ecosystem processes of this understorey are highly dependent on timing and magnitude of precipitation events. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Climate change scenarios for the Iberian Peninsula suggest not only increasing air temperatures, but also the possibility of decreasing spring precipitation, accompanied by an increase in the interval between precipitation events, which might cause drought conditions to occur, with more severe effects on productivity and ecosystem processes....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3706/version/1

Third-codon transversion rate-based _Nymphaea_ basal angiosperm phylogeny -- concordance with developmental evidence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Xiaohan Yang; Gerald A. Tuskan; Timothy J. Tschaplinski; (Max) Zong-Ming Cheng.
Flowering plants (angiosperms) appeared on Earth rather suddenly approximately 130 million years ago and underwent a massive expansion in the subsequent 10-12 million years. Current molecular phylogenies have predominantly identified _Amborella_, followed by _Nymphaea_ (water lilies) or _Amborella_ plus _Nymphaea_, in the ANITA clade (_Amborella_, Nymphaeales, Illiciaceae, Trimeniaceae and Austrobaileyaceae) as the earliest angiosperm. However, developmental studies suggest that the earliest angiosperm had a 4-cell/4-nucleus female gametophyte and a diploid endosperm represented by _Nymphaea_, suggesting that _Amborella_, having an 8-cell/9-nucleus female gametophyte and a triploid endosperm, cannot be representative of the basal angiosperm. This...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/320/version/1

Discriminatory power of MicroResp^TM^ analyses across variable spatial scales in semiarid ecological zones
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohammad E. W. Tahtamouni; Adrian Unc; Mary Lucero; Sa&amp;#x27;eb Khresat.
Indirect assessment of enzymatic activity potential via substrate induced respiration is a common tool used to evaluate variability in soil microbial activity induced by environmental or management variables. The MicroResp&amp;#x2122; method for total soil sample catabolic profiling has been employed to estimate divergence in microbial activities under contrasting conditions. Here we evaluate the potential for the method to discriminate across samples exposed to similar ecological conditions at distinct geographical locations, and across samples exposed to distinct soil management conditions. Samples used in this report came from four spatially distinct arid or semi arid locations in New Mexico, USA and Jordan. For all scales of comparison, similar...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6204/version/1

Patterns in soil ammonia-oxidizer response to global change
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kathryn M. Docherty; Brendan Bohannan; Audrey Niboyet; Xavier LeRoux.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The Domains Archaea and Bacteria contain the vast majority of Earth&amp;#x2019;s biodiversity and biomass, and their members play critical, often exclusive, roles in many biogeochemical cycles and ecosystem services. Human-induced global change, particularly with respect to increased nitrogen deposition, has the potential to drastically alter how soil nitrifying communities perform their biogeochemical function. Additionally, multi-factor global change can alter how microbial communities interact with each other and with the associated plant communities. This study, performed in the context of the long-term Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (JRGCE) in a California grassland ecosystem, examines how...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5508/version/1

Little cost of injury to growth and development of damselflies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Timothy M. Sesterhenn; Philip H. Crowley.
*_Background:_*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Damaged or missing appendages are a common problem in numerous vertebrate and invertebrate taxa and can negatively affect many aspects of life: mobility, foraging, predator avoidance, growth, and development have all been shown to suffer.  Many animals use autotomy to survive a predation attempt but suffer diminished performance until the missing appendage heals or regenerates.  Animals that regenerate face an extra problem, as they must re-allocate resources away from growth and development in order to regrow their missing parts.  We examined the effect of appendage loss on the growth and development of the damselfly Ischnura posita.  Damselfly larvae have three caudal lamellae, external gills that can be autotomized and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3612/version/1

The Networked Naturalist: Mobile phone data collection for citizen science and education
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Eric Graham.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Citizen science projects engage individual volunteers or groups to observe, measure, and contribute data to scientific studies. CENS is building a collection of mobile phone and web-based tools to make the citizen scientist experience more engaging and flexible.  CENS is an NSF-funded Information and Technology Center that employs graduate students from Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at UCLA to create open-source software that is environmentally and socially responsible.  The overarching goal of the Networked Naturalist project is to enhance participatory learning experiences through citizen science campaigns and help transform the associated learning process.  We are collaborating with national...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5198/version/1

Graphs, Networks, Extinction and Paleocommunity Food Webs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Roopnarine.
Food webs represent the trophic interactions among species in communities. Those interactions both structure and are structured by species richness, ecological diversity, and evolutionary processes. Geological and macroevolutionary timescales are therefore important to the understanding of food web dynamics, and there is a need for proper reconstruction and analysis of paleocommunity food webs. The fossil record presents many challenges, but the problem may be approached with combinatoric analysis, and graph and network theories. This paper is a brief introduction to the aspects of those disciplines relevant to the study of paleo-food webs, and explores several probabilistic and numerical approaches.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4433/version/1

Commonness and rarity of species: Does species&amp;#x27; rank influence contribution to ecosystem function?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Meha Jain; Case Prager; Dan Flynn; Caroline Devan; Georgia Hart; Farshid Ahrestani; Dan Bunker; Matt Palmer; Sean Smukler; Jason Sircely; Shahid Naeem.
Across the globe, biodiversity loss is occurring at an unprecedented rate. Rare species are especially susceptible to extinction, given that they typically have small population sizes and restricted geographic ranges, are less adaptable to disturbances, and are greater habitat specialists. However, while rare species may be prone to extinction, it remains unclear whether the loss of rare species is important to ecosystem function. In addition, it is important to consider the way in which rarity is defined, given that there are multiple definitions of rarity based on a species&amp;#x27; geographic range, habitat specificity, and abundance in a community. Therefore, to better understand the contribution of rare species to community function, our study has...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5243/version/1

FReD: The floral reflectance spectra database
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sarah E. J. Arnold; Vincent Savolainen; Lars Chittka.
Floral reflectance measurements are of great value to researchers who need consider the real colour of flowers, for example in the context of how the flowers appear to their pollinators. We have thus developed the Floral Reflectance Database (FReD) to assist these researchers, gathering together floral reflectance data in a publicly available, searchable online database. The first version of the database is now available online at &amp;#x22;http://www.reflectance.co.uk&amp;#x22;:http://www.reflectance.co.uk. We anticipate that this resource will be of interest to researchers working on flower colour and animal vision.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1846/version/1

Exploiting evolution to treat drug resistance: Combination therapy and the double bind
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Basanta; Robert Gatenby; Alexander R. A. Anderson.
Although many anti cancer therapies are successful in killing a large percentage of tumour cells when initially administered, the evolutionary dynamics underpinning tumour progression mean that often resistance is an inevitable outcome, allowing for new tumour phenotypes to emerge that are unhindered by the therapy. Research in the field of ecology suggests that an evolutionary double bind could  be an effective way to treat tumours. In an evolutionary double bind two therapies are used in combination such that evolving resistance to one leaves individuals more susceptible to the other. In this paper we present a general evolutionary game theory model of a double bind to study the effect that such approach would have in cancer. Furthermore we use this...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Ecology; Pharmacology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6380/version/1

The genetic equidistance result of molecular evolution is independent of mutation rates
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shi Huang.
The genetic equidistance result shows that sister species are approximately equidistant to an outgroup as measured by DNA or protein dissimilarity.  The equidistance result is the most direct evidence, and remains the only evidence, for the constant mutation rate interpretation of this result, known as the molecular clock.  However, data independent of the equidistance result have steadily accumulated in recent years that often violate a constant mutation rate.  Many have automatically inferred non-equidistance whenever a non-constant mutation rate was observed, based on the unproven assumption that the equidistance result is an outcome of constant mutation rate.  Here it is shown that the equidistance result remains valid even when different species can...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1733/version/1

How do we quantify biodiversity? All the evidence in one place.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Olga Lyashevska.
Biodiversity is a multi-dimensional concept that is represented by a large variety of measures. This complexity and lack of consistency limits the development of a coherent scientific understanding of biodiversity and how properties, such as ecosystem services, may depend on it. Here, I demonstrate that the formal discipline of creating a relational database (RDB) for information about biodiversity and its measures,  is a useful tool in organising such knowledge into coherent sense. Following steps of the logical database design and data normalization to build a RDB, results in a formal definition of biodiversity within a well defined concept structure; mapping rules between the concepts of biodiversity and entities of RDB and a consistent information...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3327/version/1

Integration of microbial communities into large-scale ecosystem models
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steven D. Allison.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Micro-organisms, including Bacteria, Archaea, and Fungi, control major processes throughout the Earth system. Recent advances in microbial ecology and microbiology have revealed an astounding level of genetic and metabolic diversity in microbial communities. However, a framework for interpreting the meaning of this diversity has lagged behind the initial discoveries. Microbial communities have yet to be included explicitly in any major biogeochemical models in terrestrial ecosystems, and have only recently broken into ocean models. Although simplification of microbial communities is essential in complex systems, omission of community parameters may seriously compromise model predictions of biogeochemical...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3633/version/1

Ecophysiological traits of grasses: resolving the effects of photosynthetic pathway and phylogeny
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Samuel H. Taylor; Mark Rees; Stephen P. Hulme; Rob Freckleton; Brad S. Ripley; F. I. Woodward; Colin P. Osborne.
C4 photosynthesis is an important example of convergent evolution in plants, having arisen in eudicots, monocots and diatoms. Comparisons between such diverse groups are confounded by phylogenetic and ecological differences, so that only broad generalisations can be made about the role of C4 photosynthesis in&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;determining ecophysiological traits. However, 60% of C4 species occur in the grasses (Poaceae) and molecular phylogenetic techniques confirm that there are between 8 and 17 independent origins of C4 photosynthesis in the Poaceae. In a screening experiment, we compared leaf physiology and growth traits across several major&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;independent C3 &amp;#x26; C4 groups within the Poaceae, asking 1) which traits differ...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3937/version/1

Concentrations of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Polychlorinated Dibenzo-p-dioxins and Furans (PCDD/Fs), and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) as Functions of Sample Depth in Killer Whale (Orcinus orca) Blubber
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael G. Ikonomou; Sierra Rayne; Norman F. Crewe.
Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were examined as a function of depth in killer whale (Orcinus orca) blubber samples. Lipid-normalized concentrations of PCBs, PCDD/Fs, and PBDEs did not display significant variation with depth in three distinct blubber layers (outer, central, and inner). Significantly more variation in contaminant concentrations were observed with depth on a wet weight basis for the killer whale sample. The current study indicates that non-invasive microdart biopsy sampling methods commonly used for monitoring contaminants in marine mammals yield representative details on contaminant burdens for chlorinated and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/638/version/1

Short and long distance translocations:  Movement and survival in eastern box turtles (_Terrapene carolina carolina_)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Scott D. Farnsworth; Richard  A. Seigel; Patrick W. Cain.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Human development represents a serious threat to wildlife populations through continued habitat loss and incidental mortality from construction activities.  Resource managers responsible for protecting species with legal status or high public profile are faced with difficult decisions on how to best manage populations located in construction zones.  One approach to mitigate mortalities is to relocate individuals.  The effectiveness of translocation for reptiles and amphibians has been questioned, with studies often reporting higher mortality and increased movements of translocated individuals.  Translocations of reptiles and amphibians have primarily involved moving animals long distances,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3678/version/1

Skeletal Evidence for Leprosy in India by the Second Millenium B.C.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gwendolyn Robbins; Veena Tripathy; VN Misra; RK Mohanty; VS Shinde; Kelsey Gray; Malcolm Schug.
Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by _Mycobacterium leprae_ that affects almost 500,000 people worldwide^1^. The timing of first infection, geographic origin, and pattern of transmission of the disease are unknown^1-3^. Comparative genomics research has recently suggested _M. leprae_ evolved in East Africa or South Asia before spreading to Europe and the rest of the World^4-5^. The earliest accepted textual evidence indicates that leprosy existed in India by at least 600 B.C. and was known in Europe by 400 B.C.^6-7^. The earliest skeletal evidence was dated 300-200 B.C. in Egypt^8^ and Thailand^9^. Here, we report the presence of lepromatous leprosy in skeletal remains from Balathal, a Chalcolithic site (2300-1550 B.C.) in India^10-11^. A...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2745/version/1

Bioluminescence emission of the firefly
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Anurup Gohain Barua; Simanta Hazarika; Nayanmoni Saikia; Gaurangadhar Baruah.
We have recorded _in vivo_ emission and time-resolved spectra of the firefly species _Pyrophorus noctilucus_. The emission spectrum shows the FWHM value for this particular species to be 55 nm, which is significantly smaller than the half widths reported till now. The time-resolved spectrum reveals that a flash, of duration about a hundred milliseconds, is in fact composed of a number of microsecond pulses. This result suggests that the speed of the enzyme-catalyzed chemiluminescence reaction in the firefly for the emission of light is much greater than is believed to be.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1351/version/1

Increased flood frequency and magnitude decreases density of a stream-breeding salamander in urbanized watersheds
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kyle Barrett; Craig Guyer.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;As urbanization increases across the globe, more ecologists have taken note of its consequences to stream systems. Sufficient data have been collected to document repeated patterns in urbanized streams for many abiotic parameters, aquatic insects, and fish. For example, we now know that urbanized streams experience more frequent and intense spates as a result of increased runoff form impervious surfaces in the urban watershed. The spates eventually lead to a more incised and wider stream bed. Such abiotic shifts consistently result in decreased aquatic invertebrate and fish diversity. More recently, stream-breeding salamanders have been observed to decrease in density in urban areas. We monitored the density of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3972/version/1

Ecotoxicological risk assessment of agriculture intensification in Argentinean cropping lands using a fuzzy-logic based model
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diego Ferraro.
Current agricultural models have an increasing dependence on non-renewable resources that have significant implications for the ecosystem health. Pesticides are considered one main impact force that affects both the structure and functions of agroecosystems. In this work we presented results from the application of an environmental pesticide risk assessment of a large database of cropping systems in the Inland Pampa (Argentina) where, since 1990, the traditional mixed grazing&amp;#x2013;cropping systems were being replaced by permanent agriculture and the intensification of pesticide use has increased significantly. However, there is no clear awareness of the ecotoxicological risk associated with these land use changes. The ecotoxicological risk on both...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5215/version/1

Enhanced display of scienti&amp;#xfb01;c articles using extended metadata
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roderic D. M. Page.
Although the Web has transformed science publishing, scientific papers themselves are still essentially &amp;#x22;black boxes&amp;#x22;, with much of their content intended for human readers only.  Typically, computer-readable metadata associated with an article is limited to bibliographic details. By expanding article  metadata to include taxonomic names, identifiers for cited material (e.g., publications, sequences, specimens, and other data), and geographical  coordinates,  publishers could greatly  increase the scientific value of their digital content. At the same time this will provide  novel ways for users to discover and navigate through this content, beyond the relatively limited linkage provided by bibliographic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3173/version/1

Annual population rhythm of Anopheles mosquitoes in Indian subcontinent
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohit Bhardwaj; Leena Bharadwaj; Kritika Trigunayat; Madan Mohan Trigunayat.
Several organism show a rhythm based behavior in their life. Mosquitoes are surviving successfully since ancient time on earth while lots of biological creatures have been extinct. Thus it is interesting to study their population load. Climatic conditions affect mosquito population significantly so on the basis of malaria cases their population is estimated in present study in Indian geographical scenario. In this study it was found that their annual population load show a scientific rhythm. A schematic wave form representation is also presented here to show mosquito population load. This study will be helpful in malaria vector eradication and health care policies. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4569/version/1

Vocal Bursts Communicate Discrete Emotions: Evidence for New Displays
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Emiliana Simon-Thomas; Disa Sauter; Lara Sinicropi-Yao; Anna Abramson; Dacher Keltner.
Studies of emotion signaling have proven critical to scientific advances in understanding emotion, informing claims about the evolutionary origins of different emotions1, the central and peripheral nervous system correlates of emotion 2 3 and even which states warrant consideration in emotion taxonomies 4. An initial wave of empirical studies of emotion-related facial expression5 and vocalization 6 7 has concentrated almost exclusively on a limited set of emotions - anger, disgust, fear, sadness, surprise, happiness, and tenderness. More recent work on emotional facial expressions has expanded this framework, documenting reliable displays of other emotions like embarrassment and shame 8, pride 9, and love and desire 10 . Here, we present two studies that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1356/version/1

Predicting species abundance distributions by simultaneously using number and biomass as units of measurement
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter A. Henderson; Anne E. Magurran.
The universal observation that some species in an ecological community are common, but many more are rare, is neatly encapsulated in a species abundance distribution (SAD)1. However, the shape of the distribution can depend on the currency used to measure abundance 2. Here we show how the SADs for numerical abundance and biomass are related and how this relationship can be used to predict the form of the SAD. When plotted in log numerical abundance, log biomass space, species points lie within an approximately triangular area the limits of which are set by body size range, and the upper limit of abundance in both metrics. Under the simplifying, but reasonable, assumption that the observed scatter of species within this region is random, the shape of the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1405/version/1

Does the Density of Invasive Rusty Crayfish Affect Stream Macroinvertebrates?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mark Kuhlmann; Anthony Prisciondaro; Megan Irland; Greg Hamilton; Sara Caldwell; Ryan Oliver.
Rusty crayfish (_Orconectes rusticus_) have invaded streams of the upper Susquehanna River catchment (New York, USA), replacing native crayfish and probably increasing overall crayfish density. Crayfish are important consumers and agents of disturbance in aquatic communities, so the introduction and expansion of rusty crayfish could affect the invaded community through the change in crayfish species composition, the increase in crayfish density, or some combination of the two. Other macroinvertebrates are prey of, competitors with, or subject to disturbance by crayfish and so are likely to be affected by changes in the crayfish assemblage. We conducted correlative field sampling and an enclosure experiment to investigate the effects of invading _O....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3701/version/1

Evolution of the Protein Universe. Time Scales and Selection
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marco Cosentino Lagomarsino; Alessandro Sellerio; Philip Heijning; Bruno Bassetti.
The availability of many genome sequences gives us abundant information, which is, however, very difficult to decode. As a consequence, in order to advance our understanding of biological processes at the whole-cell scale, it becomes very important to develop higher-level, synthetic descriptions of the contents of a genome. At the protein level, an effective scale of description is provided by protein domains. Domains are independent unit-shapes (or &amp;#x22;folds&amp;#x22;) forming proteins. They are structurally stable and have thermodynamic origin. A domain determines a set of potential functions and interactions for the protein that carries it, for example DNA- or protein-binding capability or catalytic sites. Protein domains are found on genomes with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1376/version/1

Colour reverse learning and animal personalities: the advantage of behavioural diversity assessed with agent-based simulations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Adrian G. Dyer; Alan Dorin; Verena Reinhardt; Marcello G. P. Rosa.
Foraging bees use colour cues to help identify rewarding from unrewarding flowers, but as conditions change, bees may require behavioural flexibility to reverse their learnt preferences. Perceptually similar colours are learnt slowly by honeybees and thus potentially pose a difficult task to reverse-learn. Free-flying honeybees (N = 32) were trained to learn a fine colour discrimination task that could be resolved at ca. 70% accuracy following extended differential conditioning, and were then tested for their ability to reverse-learn this visual problem multiple times. Subsequent analyses identified three different strategies: &amp;#x2018;Deliberative-decisive&amp;#x2019; bees that could, after several flower visits, decisively make a large change to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7037/version/1

Can Hawaiian carnivorous caterpillars attack invasive ants or vice versa?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shinji Sugiura.
The Hawaiian Islands have allowed insects to evolve unique habits, because the islands are isolated and originally lacked predators, such as ants and wasps. Ambush carnivorous caterpillars (_Eupithecia_ spp.; Lepidoptera: Geometridae) provide a remarkable example of a feeding behaviour unique to the Hawaiian Islands. Their prey includes various arthropods species. _Eupithecia_ larvae even attack predatory arthropods such as parasitoids. However, it is unclear whether _Eupithecia_ can attack ants. Here, I examined whether _Eupithecia orichloris_ can attack the invasive ant _Pheidole megacephala_ under laboratory conditions. _Eupithecia orichloris_ could successfully attack the minor worker of _P. megacephala_. However, the major worker of _P. megacephala_...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5374/version/1

Variability and community organization in moderately exposed tropical rocky shore algal communities as influenced by different consumer groups
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Edison Macusi.
Tropical rocky shores have been described as diverse and having a complex variety of consumers. This wide array of consumers has been studied to shed light on the different roles of consumers, particularly grazers on rocky shores and how they affect the relative abundance and distribution of sessile algal prey. One of the aims of ecology is to clarify factors that regulate and structure the abundance, growth and relationship of predators and preys in each habitat. Grazing is known as one of the most important determinants of growth and distribution of rocky shore communities. In this study a comparison between the different effects of fishes, crabs and molluscan herbivores on the relative abundances of microalgae and macroalgae from micro (hundreds of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2267/version/1

Spatiotemporal dynamics of complex ecological networks: Power-law scaling and implications for conservation planning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher Wright.
Spatial constraints on the topology of complex networks are just beginning to be appreciated, both theoretically^1-3^ and in concrete examples like the Internet^4^ and global air transportation network^5^. Ecological networks, composed of habitat patches connected by species dispersal, are intrinsically spatial and show promise as a tool for conservation planning; but while habitat-loss effects on ecological networks have been simulated, such effects have not been directly measured in ecological networks varying over time^6-8^. In this study, I used satellite remote sensing to study ecological networks composed of wetland habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America. I find power-law scaling of important topological properties as a function...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2532/version/1

Population genetic structure of the pelagic goby, Sufflogobius bibarbatus, in the Northern Benguela ecosystem, based on PCR-RFLP analysis of the mitochondrial control region and the ND 3 and 4 region (Dissertation).
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pallagae M. C. S. De Silva.
Polymorphism within the mitochondrial NADH-3,4 dehydrogenase(ND-3/4) and control region (D-Loop) was studied by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) analysis of Sufflogobius bibarbatus (Pelagic Goby) population in the Northern Benguela ecosystem. Three major geographical areas representing the north-south axis (Ludritz, Walvis Bay and North of Ambrose Bay) were selected. Polymorphism was detected using three and two restriction enzymes respectively in ND- 3 / 4 and D-Loop regions, and a total number of 25 composite haplotypes were identified. The most common haplotype accounted for 36% of 238 individuals. Recorded haplotype diversities were quite high, ranging 0.70 to 0.86.The highest haplotype diversity was found...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3007/version/1

Ecological dynamics and the basis of sympatric phenotypic diversification
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mario  Pineda-Krch; Richard Svanb&amp;#xe4;ck; Michael Doebeli.
Theoretical and empirical studies are showing evidence in support of evolutionary branching and sympatric speciation due to frequency&amp;#x2010;dependent competition. However, phenotypic diversification due to underlying genetic diversification is only one possible evolutionary response to disruptive selection. Another potentially general response is phenotypic diversification in the form of phenotypic plasticity. It has been suggested that genetic variation is favored in stable environments, whereas phenotypic plasticity is favored in unstable and fluctuating environments. We investigate the &amp;#x201c;competition&amp;#x201d; between the processes of evolutionary branching and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity in a predator&amp;#x2010;prey model...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3672/version/1

Plant functional constraints on foliar N:P ratios in a tropical forest landscape
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carlos A. Sierra.
Although large scale analyses of foliar N:P ratios suggest and overall pattern of P limitation in tropical forests, analyses within the biome are less indicative of a consistent pattern of nutrient limitation. High tree species diversity and soil heterogeneity are important factors driving the variability of foliar chemistry in the tropics; however, this variability could be reduced at the level of the functional characteristics of the species present at a site. In this study it is hypothesized that foliar N:P ratios would be more constrained when the species are grouped according to functional characteristics, and would reveal patterns of nutrient limitation. The study was conducted in a tropical forest landscape of the Porce region in Colombia, which...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3185/version/1

Ecological correlates of wildlife diseases
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Milind Watve; Maithili Jog.
The parasite loads appear to differ widely within and between species of free ranging wild mammals. Using data on fecal propagule densities of 29 species of wild mammals from 20 wild life parks in India we tried to identify the ecological factors that are best predictors of parasite loads. Parasite loads were consistently negatively correlated with predatory pressures at both interspecific and intraspecific levels. Carnivores had higher mean parasite loads and the effect of diet and that of predatory pressure appeared to be independent of each other. No other ecological factors were significantly and consistently associated with fecal parasite loads.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4834/version/1

Populational analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains from different appellations of origin and grape varieties by microsatellite analysis.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Leonor Pereira; Filomena L. Duarte; Paulo T. Ramos; Maria F. Alem&amp;#xe3;o; Paula Gomes; Ana C. Gomes; Susana  Sousa; Sofia Machado; Manuel Santos; Margarida Casal; Dorit Schuller.
The objective of the present study was to evaluate populational relationships among Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains isolated from some of the Portuguese most important grapevine varieties in different appellations of origin, using polymorphic microsatellites.  &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;One hundred ninety two grape samples were collected during the 2006 and 2007 harvest season in the Vinho Verde (grape varieties: Arinto, Alvarinho, Avesso, Loureiro, Touriga Nacional) Bairrada (grape varieties: Arinto, Baga, Castel&amp;#xe3;o Franc&amp;#xea;s, Maria Gomes, Touriga Nacional) Alentejo (grape varieties, Aragon&amp;#xea;s, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional), Terras do Sado (grape variety Castel&amp;#xe3;o) Bucelas (grape variety Arinto) and Estremadura (grape varieties:...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2290/version/1

Cattle Egrets and dry fish business in coastal areas
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kotta Seedikkoya; PA Azeez.
Cattle Egret is one of the common wetland birds in India known for its efficiency to make use of human interfered habitats. The present study is an attempt to document maggots of houseflies and calliphorids in the coastal sun drying fish yards and the role of the species in containing the vector species. The number of flies and maggots were found related with the visit of cattle egrets, demonstrating the importance of the species in controlling the vectors.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2752/version/2

Status and habitat requirements of Physaria thamnophila, an endangered species of Tamaulipan thornscrub
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Norma Fowler; Dana Price; Christopher Best; Alice Hempel.
&amp;#x9;Physaria (Lesquerella) thamnophila (Brassicaceae; henceforth Physaria) is an endangered herbaceous perennial plant of remnant patches of Tamaulipan thornscrub near the southern Texas border.  Six years of censuses of four populations of Physaria were analyzed.  Quantitative data were collected to describe the plant community in the four sites.  There was no overall trend in population size, but fluctuations in observed numbers of plants among years were extremely large: a single census cannot provide a reliable assessment of a population of this species.  Seedling numbers were positively related with shrub canopy cover.  However, there were many more Physaria plants in the brush-cleared portion of one site than in its uncleared portion.  Seedling...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3656/version/1

Ecological optimum of ectothermic organisms: static-dynamical approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vladimir V. B. Verbitsky; Tamara T. I. Verbitskaya.
During 20th century the majority of researchers interpreted ecological optimum as a certain combination of ambient factors which is optimal for growth, existence and reproduction of an organism. However, it was revealed in many species, that the maximum rates of various processes in an organism are achieved at various combinations of values of different factors, and under variable regimes as opposite to constant regimes. One may state that there is no well defined general concept which takes into account a bulk of data that do not conform the traditional definition of ecological optimum. Here, we show that it is necessary to make distinction between concepts of &amp;#x22;static&amp;#x22; and &amp;#x22;dynamic&amp;#x22; optima. It is needed for definition...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1324/version/1

Clays: Colloidal Properties in Nanodomain
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay.
The ever-growing application of clays in nanotechnology rests on fundamental principles of colloid chemistry. They make soils as nature&amp;#x2019;s great electrostatic chemical reactor. Highly anisotropic and often irregular particle shape, broad particle size distribution, different types of charges within the unit cells, heterogeneity of layer charges, pronounced CEC, dis-articulation and flexibility of layers, and different modes of aggregation make clays different from other colloidal materials. Their inseparable association with the genesis of life on Earth and evolutionary diversification of Neoproterozoic life is a safety-belt of nanotechnology. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Nanotechnology promises to be the greatest technological...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5807/version/1

Numbers, not value, motivate cooperation in humans and orangutans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ellen E. Furlong; John E. Opfer.
Cooperation among competitors-whether sharing the burden of wind resistance in the Tour de France, forming price-fixing cartels in economic markets, or adhering to arms-control agreements in international treaties-seldom spreads in proportion to the potential benefits. To gain insight into the minds of uncooperative agents, economists and social psychologists have used the prisoner&amp;#x27;s dilemma task to examine factors leading to cooperation among competitors. Two types of factors have emerged in these studies: the relative rewards of defecting versus cooperating and breakdowns in trust, forgiveness and communication. The generalizability of economic and social psychological factors, however, relies on the assumption that agents&amp;#x27; comparisons...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1392/version/1

Dispersal of _Aedes aegypti_: field study in temperate areas and statistical approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Paula Bergero; Carlos A. Ruggerio; Rub&amp;#xe9;n Lombardo; Nicol&amp;#xe1;s Schweigmann; Hern&amp;#xe1;n Solari.
We studied the dispersion of _Aedes aegypti_ during egg laying in natural conditions. Two independent experiments involving mosquitoes dispersing from urbanization towards adjacent un-urbanized areas were carried out and analyzed in statistical terms. We find relations between stochastic variables related to the egg laying mosquito activity (ELMA), useful to assess dispersion probabilities, despite the lack of knowledge of the total number of ovipositions in the zone. We propose to evaluate the activity as minus the logarithm of the fraction of negative ovitraps at different distances from buildings. We also estimate the average number of eggs laid per oviposition using a regression between the ELMA and the number of eggs found. Three zones with different...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6960/version/1

The &amp;#x201c;Minimum Information about an ENvironmental Sequence&amp;#x201d; (MIENS) specification
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pelin  Yilmaz; Renzo Kottmann; Dawn Field; Rob Knight; James R. Cole; Linda Amaral-Zettler; Jack A. Gilbert; Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi; Anjanette  Johnston; Guy Cochrane; Robert  Vaughan; Christopher Hunter; Joonhong Park; Norman Morrison; Phillipe Rocca-Serra; Peter Sterk; Mani Arumugam; Laura Baumgartner; Bruce W. Birren; Martin J. Blaser; Vivien Bonazzi; Peer Bork; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Patrick Chain; Elizabeth K. Costello; Heather Huot-Creasy; Peter Dawyndt; Todd DeSantis; Noah Fierer; Jed Fuhrman; Rachel E. Gallery; Richard A. Gibbs; Michelle Gwinn Giglio; Inigo San Gil; Elizabeth M. Glass; Antonio Gonzalez; Jeffrey I. Gordon; Robert Guralnick; Wolfgang Hankeln; Sarah Highlander; Philip Hugenholtz; Janet Jansson; Jerry Kennedy; Dan Knights; Omry Koren; Justin Kuczynski; Nikos Kyrpides; Robert Larsen; Christian L. Lauber; Teresa Legg; Ruth E. Ley; Catherine  A. Lozupone; Wolfgang Ludwig; Donna Lyons; Eamonn  Maguire; Barbara A. Meth&amp;#xe9;; Folker Meyer; Sara Nakielny; Karen E. Nelson; Diana Nemergut; Josh D. Neufeld; Norman R. Pace; Giriprakash Palanisamy; J&amp;#xf6;rg Peplies; Jane Peterson; Joseph Petrosino; Lita Proctor; Jeroen Raes; Sujeevan Ratnasingham; Jacques Ravel; David A. Relman; Susanna Assunta-Sansone; Lynn Schriml; Erica Sodergren; Aym&amp;#xe9; Spor; Jesse Stombaugh; James M. Tiedje; Doyle V. Ward; George M. Weinstock; Doug Wendel; Owen White; Andreas Wilke; Jennifer Wortmann; Frank Oliver Gl&amp;#xf6;ckner.
We present the Genomic Standards Consortium&amp;#x2019;s (GSC) &amp;#x201c;Minimum Information about an ENvironmental Sequence&amp;#x201d; (MIENS) standard for describing marker genes. Adoption of MIENS will enhance our ability to analyze natural genetic diversity across the Tree of Life as it is currently being documented by massive DNA sequencing efforts from myriad ecosystems in our ever-changing biosphere.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5252/version/1

Analysis of Endocrine Disruption in Southern California Coastal Fish using an Aquatic Multi-Species Microarray
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker; Barbara Ruggeri; James Sprague; Colleen Eckhardt; Jennifer Lapira; Ivan Wick; Laura Soverchia; Massimo Ubaldi; Alberta M. Polzonetti-Magni; Doris Vidal-Dorsch; Steven Bay; Joseph R. Gully; Jesus A. Reyes; Kevin M. Kelley; Daniel Schlenk; Ellen C. Breen; Roman &amp;#x160;&amp;#xe1;&amp;#x161;ik; Gary Hardiman.
BACKGROUND:  Endocrine disruptors include plasticizers, pesticides, detergents and pharmaceuticals.  Turbot and other flatfish are used to characterize the presence of chemicals in the marine environment.  Unfortunately, there are relatively few genes of turbot and other flatfish in GenBank, which limits the use of molecular tools such as microarrays and qRT-PCR to study disruption of endocrine responses in sentinel fish captured by regulatory agencies.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;OBJECTIVES:  A multi-gene cross species microarray was fabricated as a diagnostic tool to screen the effects of environmental chemicals in fish, for which there is minimal genomic information.  The array included genes that are involved in the actions of adrenal and sex steroids, thyroid...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2823/version/1

Reading the Secrets of Biological Fluctuations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carl Boettiger.
I explore tools and applications of the van Kampen expansion of the stochastic master equation in several areas of population biology.  I highlight fluctuation-dissipation and fluctuation-enhancement regimes, using information from noise to help model choice, and examples where noise changes the macroscopic dynamics of a system.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4949/version/1

Do they or don&amp;#x27;t they? A synthesis of microbial response to environmental change
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Teri C. Balser.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Microbial communities have long been thought to possess infinite plasticity, yet evidence in recent years increasingly indicates compositional resistance to change.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;While this discovery may largely be due to the changing nature of soil biological research &amp;#x2013; with its move beyond single-season and single-factor experiments, it nevertheless highlights a critical area in current ecosystem studies and soil microbial ecology. Do they or don&amp;#x27;t they change? When? Under what circumstances? And does it matter?&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results/Conclusions&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In this talk I review microbial community compositional shifts. First I address general microbial response...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5504/version/1

Learning with the Amerindians: the evaluation of pelvic floor disorders among indigenous women who live in the Xingu Indian Park,Brazil
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Maita M. Araujo; Manoel Jo&amp;#xe3;o Batista Castello Gir&amp;#xe3;o; Claudia Cristina Takano; Marair Gracio Ferreira Sartori.
Objective: to evaluate the pelvic floor muscles and the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse among indigenous women who live in Xingu Indian Park, Mato Grosso, Brazil. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods: observational study with 377 indigenous women, mean age 31+/-15 years, mean gravity 5+/-4, mean parity 4+/-3 and mean body mass index 23,3+/-4 Kg/m2. The Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) was the system used to quantification the staging of pelvic support and the pelvic floor muscle strength was assessed by a perineometer. Logistic regression was used to determine odds ratios and 95% CI for factors that were associated with prolapse. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results: The overall distribution of POP-Q stage system was the following: 15,6% stage 0, 19,4% stage I,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1958/version/1

Deterministic individual-based cellular automata modelling of single species population dynamics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev Kalmykov; Vyacheslav Kalmykov.
This presentation was created to characterise foundations of cellular automata modelling of single species population dynamics. We show models of single species population growth based on deterministic birth-death-regeneration process and demonstrate a relationship between fecundity rate and population growth rate. Our models provide mechanistic simulation of logistic-like and double logistic-like curves of population growth that is not possible in the classical Verhulst model (logistic growth model). This method is deterministic individual-based and is based on logical &amp;#x201c;if-then&amp;#x201d; statements only. As this method is bottom-up mechanistic and provides a direct visual insight into dynamics of complex systems, we used it to study...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6661/version/1

Speciation &amp;#x26; the origin of communities
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Philippe Desjardins-Proulx.
Patterns of biodiversity predicted by the neutral theory rely on a simple phenomenological model of speciation. To further investigate the effect of speciation on neutral biodiversity, we define the metacommunity as a system of populations exchanging migrants and use this framework to study allopatric &amp;#x26; parapatric speciation. We find that with realistic mutation rates, our metacommunity model driven by neutral processes cannot support more than a few species. Adding natural selection in the population genetics of speciation increases the number of species in the metacommunity but the level of diversity found in Barro Colorado Island is difficult to reach.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6054/version/1

Lightning Talk: Biopython (bio) Geography Module
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nicholas J. Matzke.
For Google Summer of Code 2009/NESCENT Phyloinformatics Summer of Code 2009, I built a Geography module for Biopython.  The purpose of the module is to search, download, and process biogeographical data from GBIF, much as Biopython currently accesses Genbank.  Application of the tool to a historical biogeography study on bivalves will be illustrated.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;As required by Google Summer of Code and Biopython, the code is open access and is released under the Biopython License:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#x22;http://www.biopython.org/DIST/LICENSE&amp;#x22;:http://www.biopython.org/DIST/LICENSE&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The module is described, and a tutorial is presented, on the Biopython...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4676/version/1

Urban development, power relations, and water redistribution as drivers of wetland change in the Tampa Bay Region Socioecosystem
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David B. Lewis; Fenda A. Akiwumi; Shawn M. Landry; Rebecca K. Zarger; Mark C. Rains; Susan S. Bell; Thomas L. Crisman; Carl C. Trettin; Kenneth A. Nilsson; Cornelius O. Adjei; Sharon J. Feit; Gina M. Larsen; Ralph B. Perkerson; Paul E. Thurman.
n/a
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6261/version/1

Functional aspects of titanosaur osteoderms
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Thiago S. Marinho.
Though titanosaur osteoderms are not common findings, these elements are recorded widely in Gondwana and part of Laurasia. This assembly known by the date offers few resources for studies on the ecology of this group of dinosaurs. Recently, some eggs bearing titanosaur embryos with preserved skin, from Patagonia, Argentina, may shed some light on the function and disposition pattern of these dermic bones. Some of the skin patches associated with the titanosaur embryos show two distinct patterns of tuberosities: a longitudinal row and rosettes, both composed of closely attached tuberosities. These tuberosities do not seem to be ossified, but this might be due to the ontogenetic stage of the titanosaurs. Here we propose that these tuberosities might have...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/508/version/1

Individual and seasonal variation in the diet of the endangered Barton Springs Salamander (Eurycea sosorum): An application of stable isotope analysis to the conservation of an endangered species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: J. Hayley Gillespie.
It is well known that many species show strong temporal variation in diet. Long-term dietary trends may be important in assessing the effects of ecological change such as global warming, land use change, or introductions of invasive species. Short-term variation in food sources or prey selection may be crucial for understanding population dynamics in poorly understood species. The Barton Springs Salamander (_Eurycea sosorum_) is an endangered species endemic to four small spring outflows in downtown Austin, Texas. This species remains aquatic throughout life and inhabits benthic rocky substrate. While little is known about its foraging ecology, _E. sosorum_ is assumed to be a generalist predator with the abundant amphipod _Hyalella azteca_ as its primary...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3598/version/1

Using SeaWiFS and In Situ Data for HAB Prediction in the Northern Gulf of Mexico: Decision Tree Analysis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dan Holiday; Greg Carter.
To date, 13 potential HAB species have been detected in coastal waters of Mississippi and Alabama, including representatives of the diatom genera Pseudo-nitzschia and Chaetoceros, and dinoflagellate genera Karenia, Gonyaulax, Akashiwo, Karlodinium, and Prorocentrum. This study investigates the potential of satellite remote sensing (SeaWiFS) to predict environmental conditions leading to the formation of HABs in these turbid coastal waters. Phytoplankton populations and water quality were monitored in situ at 3 to 6 week intervals and 17 locations in Mobile Bay and the Mississippi Sound from December, 2004, through June, 2006. SeaWiFS imagery corresponding with in situ collections was acquired. Non-parametric multivariate analyses determined relationships...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3607/version/1

Community-level analysis of anthropogenic impacts on rocky shore communities in Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ashoka D. K. H. Manage.
Human activities threat seashore communities in many areas of the world and their impacts on coastal ecosystem are a matter of increasing concern. Present study describes the anthropogenic disturbances on the rocky shore community structure by comparing the benthic communities of disturbed and non-disturbed areas in Sri Lanka where rocky shores remain virtually untouched so far by experimental studies. Impacts of human disturbances; trampling, handling and exploitation on the community structure of rocky macro benthic assemblages were tested in high-, mid- and low-intertidal area by stratified sampling method at Rumassala marine sanctuary and adjacent two localities at either side of the marine sanctuary, Galle and Unawatuna. Univariate measures, log...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2317/version/1

Evaluating restoration success and applying adapative management in the Middle Rio Grande Bosque
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ondrea Hummel; Todd Caplan.
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Albuquerque District, in collaboration with various local partners, has been implementing restoration projects in the Albuquerque Reach of the Middle Rio Grande.  These projects have included the removal of the metal jetty jacks, debris, and dense thickets of non-native vegetation (salt cedar, Russian olive, and Siberian elm) that occur in the bosque (riparian forest), creation of wet habitats (such as willow swales and high-flow channels), and revegetation schemes focused on increasing the diversity and quality of wildlife habitat.  The goal of many of these projects is to develop a framework to restore the bosque into a more functional and sustainable ecosystem.  Projects implemented on the ground are being monitored for...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3649/version/1

Can one invasion lead to another? Niche space and the future of Southwestern U.S. riparian zones
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lindsay Reynolds; David Cooper.
Background/Question/Methods: Invasive species are increasingly problematic world-wide. Scientists working to understand why invasive species are successful must first understand the processes of invasion. Invasion facilitation and empty niche exploitation are key processes that have not been well-studied in species rich ecosystems such as riparian areas. In the southwestern United States (U.S.) two prominent invaders of riparian habitats are the exotic woody plant species tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima, T. chinensis, and their hybrids) and Russian olive (Eleagnus angustifolia). These plants were introduced by humans throughout the southwest around 1900. Both tamarisk and Russian olive have invaded the ephemeral stream system in Canyon de Chelly National...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3842/version/1

Use of inadequate data and methodological errors lead to a dramatic overestimation of the water footprint of Jatropha curcas
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wouter  Maes; Wouter M. J. Achten; Bart Muys.
In their recent article, Gerbens-Leenes et al. (1) calculated the water footprint (WF, the amount of water required to produce 1 GJ of energy) of several bioenergy crops. One of the most remarkable findings of this study was the very high water footprint of this species, which has serious management consequences. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;However, these results are in apparent contrast with recent findings on this species. We present evidence that several errors were made by the authors when calculating the water footprint of jatropha, which has lead to a dramatic overestimation. These errors include weaknesses concerning the data used for the calculation of the water footprint, as well as flaws in the calculation method, as we demonstrate in the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3410/version/1

Changes in Simpson&amp;#x2019;s Diversity Index in Microcosms Impacted with Monosodium Methane Arsenate
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter A. Kish; Nelson W. Daniel.
The objective of our studies is to analyze environmental impacts of Monosodium Methane Arsenate, MSMA, on aquatic habitats using the Aqua-Terra microcosm system. MSMA was applied at environmentally relevant(recommended) doses to microcosms to determine the change in biodiversity and the bio-concentration of arsenic in the aquatic plants (_Elodea Sp._) used in the microcosms as an oxygen source.  The microcosms are filled with unfiltered pond water and the diversity of each microcosm was determined before application of the herbicide.  After population stabilization, the herbicide is applied to the terrestrial portion of the microcosm.  The herbicide is watered into the microcosm by allowing the herbicide to be filtered by soil into the aquatic portion of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3663/version/1

Study of planktonic morphotype of the Abderaz Formation at type section, Iran
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Meysam Shafiee Ardestani.
Abderaz Formation at its type section with an age of Turonian-Early Campanian and a thickness of 300 m contains light grey shale and marl. The study of the planktonic foraminifera in isolated form led to differentiate three morphotype groups. The first group is characterized by trochospiral tests usually indicate shallow  waters, the second group contains forms with strong ornamentations and the primary keels representing mid waters and finally compact trochospiral tests with keels known as deep water indices are included in the third group. Studies on the morphotypes showed a regressive cycle for Abderaz Formation.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3189/version/1

The Effect of Urbanization on Bumble Bee Communities in Greater Philadelphia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rosemary L. Malfi; Neal M. Williams.
Bumble bees (Bombus spp.) are among the most important wild pollinators in temperate ecosystems in North America and Europe, and are believed to be vital to the functioning of the pollination networks in which they occur.  Accordingly, evidence of their overall decline in Europe and more selective decline in the U.S. has raised concern about the long term persistence of many species.  Human-induced changes in land use, including the loss of natural and semi-natural habitat and associated floral resources, are purported causes in several cases.  Declines prompted an investigation of this potential trend in the urbanized landscape in and surrounding Philadelphia, PA. We surveyed the species richness and abundance of bumble bee communities in ten half-ha...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5341/version/1

The significance of ponds in maintaining biodiversity in an intensively farmed landscape
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Margherita  Gioria; John Feehan.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Ponds are amongst the most diverse freshwater habitats and have been recently found to support more species, as well as more uncommon, rare, and threatened species compared to lakes, rivers, and streams. The conservation of ponds represents a cost-effective way of maintaining or enhancing biodiversity, because of the typical small size of pond catchment areas. Moreover, ponds may be effectively used as models systems because of their small size and large number compared to lakes. At present, there is an urgent need to collect data on the ecological quality of freshwater bodies to develop programmes aimed at meeting defined water quality targets by the year 2015, in fulfillment of obligations deriving from the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3596/version/1

Crossing Disciplinary Boundaries to Understand Human Drivers of Environmental Threats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Eugene A. Rosa; Thomas Dietz.
A wide range of ecological studies affirms the cumulative damage to ecosystem capital and services around the globe.  They also point to the overwhelming role that anthropogenic or human drivers play in global ecological damage.  The MAHB is intended to combine what we know about human drivers of environmental threats with what the social sciences know about changing human behavior and institutions.  A variety of social sciences have taken up the first task of identifying the key human activities&amp;#x2014;at both the local, cumulative level and at the systemic level&amp;#x2014;most responsible for global environmental change.  Considerable progress has been made in our understanding of land use and land cover change, of vulnerability, resilience, and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5251/version/1

Dissecting the Biological Motherboard (Systems Biology and Beyond)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Abhay Krishna; Ajit Narayanan.
Genome-scale molecular networks, including gene pathways, gene regulatory networks and protein interactions, are central to the investigation of the nascent disciplines of systems biology and bio-complexity. Dissecting these genome-scale molecular networks in its all-possible manifestations is paramount in our quest for a genotype-input phenotype-output application which will also take environment-genome interactions into account.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Machine learning approaches are now increasingly being used for reverse engineering such networks. Our work stresses the importance of a system approach in biological research and how artificial neural networks are at the forefront of Artificial Intelligence techniques that are increasingly...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2003/version/1

Characterization And Rejuvenation Of Local Ecorace Sukinda In Odhisa State
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alok Sahay; Subrat Satpathy; Shashikant Sharan.
An experiment of outdoor rearing was conducted with the available Sukinda (TV) stock of BSM&amp;#x26;TC, Sundargarh (SG), CTSSS, Lakha (CTS) and CTR&amp;#x26;TI, Ranchi. The objective of this activity is to utilize economic wild life, conserving the associated environment for sustainable rural and tribal development (Raffi and Ramanujam, 2001; Gill and Lal, 2002; Mahapatra, 2009).&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The crop performance of SG showed highest cocoon yield i.e., 83 cocoons / dfl in 1st crop followed by 80 cocoons / dfl in 3rd crop and 42 cocoons / dfl during 2nd crop. Yellow coloured cocoons dominated (94-96%) the population in all the three crops. The cocoon weight, Shell weight and Silk Ratio were (9.72g, 1.07g&amp;#x26;11 %) in 1st...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6210/version/1

Indigenous ecological knowledge as social capital: How citizen science can help us replenish the bank
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kaberi  Kar Gupta; Madhusudan V. Katti.
*Background/Question/Methods* &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In our increasingly urban world, indigenous knowledge of local ecology is declining rapidly, because survival in industrialized urban environments does not depend on knowing the details of local flora, fauna, or phenologies. While traditional ecological knowledge has been documented since 1980s, this is has been largely descriptive, e.g., ethnobotany of sacred groves, cultivation practices, or use of medicinal plants. Until recently, conservation biologists and managers of protected areas have followed western models of conservation that exclude local people and often abandon local ecological knowledge. However, many scientific studies of local ecosystems would not have been possible without...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3601/version/1

The Antarctic &amp;#x27;ozone hole&amp;#x27; combined with no sea ice causes severe oxidative damage in echinoid embryos
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kathryn  N. Lister; Miles Lamare; David Burritt.
Over the past three decades, the &amp;#x27;ozone hole&amp;#x27; has caused a transient increase in the levels of ultraviolet B radiation (UV-B, 280 to 320 nm) reaching Antarctic coastal marine ecosystems^1^. The direct effect of this enhanced UV-B on pelagic organisms remains unclear, for few studies have examined in situ the responses of Antarctic marine organisms in direct relation to the &amp;#x27;ozone hole&amp;#x27;. Here we show that the presence of the &amp;#x27;ozone hole&amp;#x27; over McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, during a two-week period in 2008 resulted in unequivocal increases in oxidative damage and developmental abnormality in embryos of the sea urchin _Sterechinus neumayeri_ Meissner (Echinoidea: Echinidae) growing in open waters. We show that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2906/version/1

Plant regulation of microbial enzyme production in situ
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Colin Averill; Adrien C. Finzi.
Soil extracellular enzymes regulate the rate at which complex organic forms of nitrogen (N) become bio-available. Much research has focused on the limitations to heterotrophic enzyme production via lab incubations, but little has been done to understand the limitations to enzyme production in situ. We created root and symbiotic mycelia exclusion treatments using mesh in-growth bags in the field to isolate the effect of roots and other portions of the microbial community on enzyme production. When fertilized with complex protein N we found increases in N-degrading enzyme concentrations only when root in-growth was allowed. No response was observed when complex N was added to root-free treatments. Expanding on economic rules of microbial element limitation...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6353/version/1

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman; Magdi D. Saad; Mona M. Aly; Jeffery  Tjaden; Kenneth C. Earhart; Marshall R. Monteville; Moustafa M. Mansour; Nasr El-Sayed; Ahmed E. Nayel; Ahmed S. Abdelghani; Hala M. Esmat; Emad M. Labib; Ehab A. Ayoub; Abdelattar  Arafa; Gregory A. Raczniak; Mensah Agyen-Frempong; William K. Ampofo; Bruce R. Boynton.
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/459/version/3

Metabolic constraints on the evolution of genetic codes: Did multiple &amp;#x27;preaerobic&amp;#x27; ecosystem transitions entrain richer dialects?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
A mathematical model based on Tlusty&amp;#x27;s topological deconstruction suggests that multiple punctuated ecosystem shifts in available metabolic free energy, broadly akin to the &amp;#x27;aerobic&amp;#x27; transition, enabled a punctuated sequence of increasingly complex genetic codes. These evolved until the ancestor to the present narrow spectrum of nearly maximal codes became locked-in by path dependence.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4120/version/1

Expanding the modern synthesis II: Formal perspectives on the inherent role of niche construction in fitness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Expanding the modern synthesis requires elevating the role of interaction within and across various biological scales to the status of an evolutionary principle. One way to do this is to characterize genes, gene expression, and embedding environment as information sources linked by crosstalk, constrained by the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory (Wallace, 2010a). This produces an inherently interactive structure that escapes the straightjacket of mathematical population genetics or other replicator dynamics. Here, we examine fitness from that larger perspective, finding it intimately intertwined with niche construction. Two complementary models are explored: niche construction as mediating the connection between environmental signals and gene...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5059/version/1

Urban Ecosystems: Alterations to Peakflow, Microclimate and the Natural Environment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jason A. Hubbart.
More than half of the world&amp;#x2019;s population now lives in urbanized ecosystems. Continued human population growth over the next several decades will place unprecedented demand on urban water resources, resulting in escalating water quality and supply challenges. Urbanization exacts significant impacts on stream ecosystems including increased magnitude and frequency of peak flows, altered microclimates and reduced biodiversity. Increased impervious surface area in urban settings reduces or eliminates soil infiltration and increases the amount of stormwater runoff delivered to stream channels. Stormwater routing networks in urban areas channelize runoff, reducing stormwater transit time. Stormwater flow serves as an important transport mechanism for...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3603/version/1

An innovative method for the biological control of Alternanthera philoxeroides
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yusong Cao; Huiming Wang.
Biological invasion has become a serious global environmental problems and been considered as an important component of global change^1-2^. Invasions by alien species can have an impact at several levels of ecological complexity from genes to ecosystems^3-4^. Invasive alien species had seriously threated the biodiversity and natural ecosystems in China^5^, and caused economic losses by more than US$7 billion every year^6^. Alternanthera philoxeroides, commonly known as Alligator weed, is an invasive amphibious plant^7^. The effect of physical methods such as mechanical or artificial salvage, removal of A. philoxeroides were very limited. Moreover, these measure should be carried out very carefully or would easy lead to its rebound^8^. The mainly biological...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5267/version/1

Networks, Extinction and Paleocommunity Food Webs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Roopnarine.
Food webs represent trophic interactions among species in communities. Those interactions both structure and are structured by species richness, ecological diversity, and evolutionary processes. Geological and macroevolutionary timescales are therefore important to the understanding of food web dynamics, and there is a need for the consideration of paleocommunity food webs. The fossil record presents challenges in this regard, but the problem can be approached with combinatoric analysis and network theory. This paper is an introduction to the aspects of those disciplines relevant to the study of paleo-food webs, and explores a probabilistic and numerical approach.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4433/version/2

Toward a complete model of radial growth in Pinus edulis: the effects of CO2 and prior years
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: C. Susannah Tysor; Amy Whipple; George Koch.
_Pinus edulis_ (pi&amp;#xf1;on pine) is found across 35% of the Colorado Plateau and is a foundation species in the pi&amp;#xf1;on-juniper woodlands of the Southwest. Pi&amp;#xf1;on pine mortality in the recent drought has been high and climate change models forecast a warmer future for the region, which will increase pi&amp;#xf1;on pine water stress.  In order to predict the fate of pi&amp;#xf1;on pine, we must understand how various climatic factors influence pi&amp;#xf1;on growth. Tree rings provide a climate sensitive record of growth ideal for exploring the relationship between growth and climate.  We used 78 pi&amp;#xf1;on pine trees cored at Red Mountain in northern Arizona in 1998 to predict tree ring width and pi&amp;#xf1;on pine mortality, using...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3613/version/1

Quantum Genetics and Quantum Automata Models of Quantum-Molecular Evolution Involved in the Evolution of Organisms and Species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
Previous theoretical or general approaches to the problems of Quantum Genetics and Molecular Evolution are considered in this article from the point of view of Quantum Automata Theory first published by the author in 1971 and further developed in several recent articles. The representation of genomes and Interactome networks in categories of many-valued logic LMn &amp;#x2013;algebras that are naturally transformed during biological evolution, or evolve through interactions with the environment provide a new insight into the mechanisms of molecular evolution, as well as organismal evolution, in terms of sequences of quantum automata.  Phenotypic changes are expressed only when certain environmentally-induced quantum-molecular changes are coupled with an...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7083/version/2

The genetic equidistance result of molecular evolution is independent of mutation rates
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shi Huang.
The well-established genetic equidistance result shows that sister species are approximately equidistant to a simpler outgroup as measured by DNA or protein dissimilarity.  The equidistance result is the most direct evidence, and remains the only evidence, for the constant mutation rate interpretation of this result, known as the molecular clock.  However, data independent of the equidistance result have steadily accumulated in recent years that often violate a constant mutation rate.  Many have automatically inferred non-equidistance whenever a non-constant mutation rate was observed, based on the unproven assumption that the equidistance result is an outcome of constant mutation rate.  Here it is shown that the equidistance result remains valid even when...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1733/version/2

Cognitive dimensions of predator responses to imperfect mimicry?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lars Chittka; Daniel Osorio.
Many palatable insects, for example hoverflies, deter predators by mimicking well-defended insects such as wasps. However, for human observers, these flies often seem to be little better than caricatures of wasps &amp;#x2013; their visual appearance and behaviour are easily distinguishable. This imperfect mimicry baffles evolutionary biologists, because one might expect natural selection to do a more thorough job. Here we discuss two types of cognitive processes that might explain why mimics distinguishable mimics might enjoy increased protection from predation. Speed accuracy tradeoffs in predator decision making might give imperfect mimics sufficient time to escape, and predators under time constraint might avoid time-consuming discriminations between...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1258/version/1

Dating the cyanobacterial ancestor of the chloroplast
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Luisa Falcon; Susana Magallon; Amanda Castillo.
Cyanobacteria have played a pivotal role in the history of life on Earth being the first organism to carry out oxygenic photosynthesis, which changed atmospheric chemistry and allowed the evolution of Eukarya. Chloroplasts are the cellular organelles of photoautotrophic eukaryotes in which photosynthesis is conducted. Although the initial suggestion from Mereschkowsky (1905) that cyanobacteria are the ancestors of chloroplasts was greeted with skepticism, the idea is now widely accepted. Here we attempt to resolve and date the cyanobacterial ancestry of the chloroplast using phylogenetic analysis and molecular clocks, because until now, the long-standing question of, from which, among the vast diversity of cyanobacteria, did chloroplasts evolve, has not...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3696/version/1

Interactions between urban water policy, residential irrigation, and plant &amp;#x26; bird diversity in the Fresno-Clovis Metro Area
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Madhusudan Katti; Seth T. Reid; Bradley W. Schleder; John T. Bushoven; Andrew R. Jones; Henry D. Delcore; Derya &amp;#xd6;zg&amp;#xf6;c-&amp;#xc7;a&amp;#x11f;lar.
*Background/Question/Methods:*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Ecological theory has begun to incorporate humans as part of coupled socio-ecological systems. Modern urban development provides an excellent laboratory to examine the interplay among socio-ecological relationships. Urban land and water management decisions result from dynamic interactions between institutional, individual and ecological factors. Landscaping and irrigation at any particular residence, for example, is a product of geography, hydrology, soil, and other local environmental conditions, the homeowners&amp;#x2019; cultural preferences, socioeconomic status, identity construction, neighborhood dynamics, as well as zoning laws, market conditions, city policies, and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6228/version/1

H5N1 Clade 2.2 Polymorphism Tracing Identifies Influenza Recombination and Potential Vaccine Targets
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman; Magdi D. Saad; Elassai M. Labib; E Ayoub; Mona M. Aly; A-SA Arafa; Marshall R. Monteville; Bruce R. Boynton; Jeffery Tjaden; Kenneth C. Earhart; Moustafa M. Mansour; Nasr M. ElSayed; A I. Nayei; A A. Abdelghani; Hala M. Essmat.
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300 and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 2. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase.  Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 3.4. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 5. We traced polymorphism acquisition in Clade 2.2 sequences. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, Clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/553/version/2

Extending the Modern Synthesis: The evolution of ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
The Modern Evolutionary Synthesis formalizes the role of variation, heredity, differential reproduction, and mutation in population genetics. Here we explore a mathematical structure, based on the asymptotic limit theorems of communication theory, that instantiates the punctuated dynamic relations of organisms with their embedding environments, including the possibility of the transfer of heritage information between different classes of organisms. In essence, we provide something of a formal roadmap for the modernization of the Modern Synthesis, making application to both relatively rapid evolutionary punctuated equilibrium and to the conservation of ecological interactions across deep evolutionary time.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4496/version/2

Bacteriophages as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Swapnil G. Sanmukh; Waman N. Paunikar; Sandhya Swaminathan; Satish K. Lokhande.
The interconversion of carbon in organic, inorganic and refractory carbon is still beyond the grasp of present environmentalists. The bacteria and their phages, being the most abundant constituents of the aquatic environment, represent an ideal model for studing carbon regulation in the aquatic system. The refractory dissolved organic carbon (DOC), a recently coined terminology from the microbe-driven conversion of bioavailable organic carbon into difficult-to-digest refractory DOC by microbial carbon pump (MCP), is suggested to have the potential to revolutionize our view of carbon sequestration. It is estimated that about 95% of organic carbon is in the form of refractory DOC, which is the largest pool of organic matter in the ocean. The refractory DOC...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6770/version/1

Analysis of feral pig (Sus scrofa) movement in a Hawaiian forest ecosystem using GPS satellite collars
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lasha-Lynn  H. Salbosa; Dr. Christopher A. Lepczyk.
The ecosystem altering impacts of feral pigs have been widely documented around the world.  However, a general framework for their control and management has been lacking, especially in island ecosystems.  One reason for this lack of management is that we have little knowledge of how pigs move through different island ecosystems, especially ones that are topographically challenging such as Hawai&amp;#x201b;i.  With recent advances in telemetry and movement modeling, it is now becoming practical to understand where these large introduced animals are moving and how they are using habitat.  Hence, the primary goal of this study is to understand feral pig movement in terms of terrain, slope restrictions, and distance traveled beyond a natal site, within an...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3903/version/1

Screening of certain Ayurvedic plants extracts against E. turcicum
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kaushal Kumar Bhati; R. Prasad; Rajesh Singh.
The use of chemicals against pathogens is environmentally dangerous, so use of natural inhibitors for disease management is needed. In this work we screen botanical extracts from ayurvedic plants for their antifungal properties against economically important plant fungal pathogen. As a test fungal pathogen, we select E. turcicum, a potent fungal pathogen responsible for Northern leaf corn blight of Maize. This fungal pathogen was challenged by the leaf extract prepared from certain Ayurvedic plants and these observations have shown a promising future in biocontrol of fungus by using such environmentally friendly&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;antifungal agents.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Pharmacology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6199/version/1

Leaping and Accelerometry: A Theoretical Approach
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William I. Sellers.
Accelerometry has always been a popular method of monitoring locomotor activity but its use is becoming more widespread due to the easy availability of low cost, low power sensors. However one of the major problems with interpreting accelerometer data is that rotation of the sensor alters the output and obtaining independent orientation information is currently difficult. For the specific case of leaping locomotion full orientation information is unecessary as long as an independent measure of height change is available such as can be obtained from a sensitive pressure sensor. Therefore a 4 channel logging system recording 3 accelerometry axes combined with a channel measuring pressure could be used to accurately assess leaping locomotion. This approach...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2515/version/1

Mechanisms to overcome ecosystem nitrogen and phosphorus limitation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rebecca Ostertag.
Nutrients limit plant growth in many ecosystems, and many species develop adaptations to either obtain more nutrients or to avoid losses. Much past ecological work has focused either on temperate nitrogen-limited systems or has addressed infertile soils as a single entity, rather than addressing the nature of the limitation. Although low nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) soils are found worldwide, the consequences of N and P limitation for plants may vary due to fundamental differences in the soil mobility, availability, uptake, and cellular uses of N and P. Using a well-studied chronosequence in the Hawaiian Islands, which contains both low N and P soils but which is dominated by similar plant communities, foliar N and P plant responses to fertilization...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1993/version/1

Ancient Trephinations in Neolithic People - Evidence for Stone Age Neurosurgery?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Juergen Piek; Gundula Lidke; Thomas Terberger.
The authors present the case of a late neolithic skull (14C dating: 1940 calBC) found 1921 at B&amp;#xf6;lkendorf, 60 km north-easterly of Berlin. It shows a left frontal trephination (53 x 50 mm) and additionally a left temporo-occipital depressed skull fracture (both survived). Microscopic and 3D-CT analyses strongly suggest that the trephination has been performed for medical purposes.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1615/version/1

Length, Weight, and Yield in Channel Catfish, Lake Diane, MI
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Elizabeth Keenan; Sarah Warner; Ashley Crowe; Michael Courtney.
Background:  Channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) are important to both commercial aquaculture and recreational fisheries.  Little published data is available on length-weight relationships of channel catfish in Michigan.  Though there is no record of public or private stocking, channel catfish appeared in Lake Diane between 1984 and 1995 and it has developed into an excellent fishery. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Materials and Methods: Sport angling provided 38 samples which were weighed and measured (fork length).  Fillets were also weighed.  The best fit estimates of parameters a and b in the model, W(L) = aLb, were obtained by both linear least-squares (LLS) regression (log(W) = log(a) + b log(L)) and non-linear least-squares (NLLS) regression.  Best-fit...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5706/version/1

Systems Biology on Bio-Linux
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mesude Bicak.
This presentation introduces the Bio-Linux Operating System which is a popular Computational Biology workstation with 500+ bioinformatics software. It then provides an overview of popular modelling approaches in systems biology, covering top-down, bottom-up and hybrid modelling. Finally it highlights the challenges being faced by systems biology modellers, agent-based modellers in particular, regarding standardisation efforts.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6348/version/1

Longitudinal Metagenomic Analysis of the Water and Soil from Gulf of Mexico Beaches Affected by the Deep Water Horizon Oil Spill
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William  R. Widger; Georgiy Golovko; Antonio F. Martinez; Efren V. Ballesteros; Jesse J. Howard; Zhenkang Xu; Utpal Pandya; Viacheslav Y. Fofanov; Mark Rojas; Christopher Bradburne; Ted Hadfield; Nels A. Olson; Joshua L. Santarpia; Yuriy Fofanov.
Estimates of 7x105 cubic meters of crude oil were released into the Gulf of Mexico as a consequence of the April 20th, 2010 Deep Water Horizon drilling rig explosion, leaving thousands of square miles of earth&amp;#x27;s surface covered in crude oil. Dispersants were used on large slicks and injected at the well head, resulting in oil being suspended throughout the water column. Starting in June 2010, oil reached hundreds of miles of Louisiana, Alabama, Mississippi, and Florida shoreline disturbing the ecological balance and economic stability of the region. While visible damages are evident in the wildlife populations and marine estuaries, the most significant affect may be on the most basic level of the ecosystems: the bacterial and plankton...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5733/version/1

Spatiotemporal dynamics of complex ecological networks: Power-law scaling and implications for conservation planning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher Wright.
Spatial constraints on the topology of complex networks are just beginning to be appreciated, both theoretically and in concrete examples like the Internet and global air transportation network. Ecological networks, composed of habitat patches connected by species dispersal, are intrinsically spatial and show promise as a tool for conservation planning; but while habitat-loss effects on ecological networks have been simulated, such effects have not been directly measured in ecological networks varying over time. In this study, I used satellite remote sensing to study ecological networks composed of wetland habitat in the Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) of North America. I find power-law scaling of important topological properties as a function of dispersal...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2532/version/2

Agriculture: Nanotechnology&amp;#x2019;s Green Field
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha Sankar Mukhopadhyay.
Natural agricultural production functions in open system, where energy and matter are exchanged freely between geosphere (especially pedosphere), biosphere, and atmosphere. The self regulation of biophysical processes in these spheres is crucial for global sustainability. However, modern farming practices have stressed the system to the extent that damaged C, N, and P cycles are threatening catastrophic consequences. High food-wastage coupled with high food price, high soil fertility zones but low crop productivity, and highly productive irrigated farming marred with ecological disasters are examples of global paradoxes associated with modern farming. High incidence of pesticide residues in soil and water bodies, low use efficiency of agricultural inputs,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6900/version/1

Plant Transcription Factors @ uni-potsdam.de
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diego Mauricio Ria&amp;#xf1;o-Pach&amp;#xf3;n; Ingo Dreyer; Slobodan Ruzicic; Bernd Mueller-Roeber.
We present the Plant Transcription Factor Database (PlnTFDB), and the putative complete set of TFs in the algae _Chlamydomonas reinhardtii_, _Ostreococcus tauri_ and the vascular plants _Oryza sativa_ and _Arabidopsis thaliana_.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/243/version/1

Learning to Leap: Nanotechnology&amp;#x27;s Root in Soil Science
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha Sankar Mukhopadhyay.
Dr. Nil Ratan Dhar Memorial Lecture&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Soil could be perceived as a four dimensional system where a broad three dimensional structural fabric is filled by dynamic and reactive colloidal constituents. There are interconnected relationships between authegenic, neogenic and stable-phase crystallite constituents, most of which are in nano-phase, and the system seldom reaches  equilibrium. Also, variations in composition, pH, and other properties make soil unique at each place. Therefore, understanding of soil system helps to develop insight into mobility and reactivity of nano-materials. The origin of nanoscience can be traced to the discovery that clay minerals were crystalline and of micrometer size. The unit cell dimensions...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6656/version/1

The Modified Pharaoh Approach: Stingless bees mummify beetle parasites alive
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mark K. Greco; Dorothee Hoffmann; Anne Dollin; Michael Duncan; Robert Spooner-Hart; Peter Neumann.
Social insect colonies usually live in nests, which are often invaded by parasitic species. Workers from these colonies use different defence strategies to combat invaders. Nevertheless, some parasitic species are able to bypass primary colony defences due to their morphology and behaviour. In particular, some beetle nest invaders cannot be killed or removed by workers of social bees, thus creating the need for alternative social defence strategies to ensure colony survival. Here we show, using Diagnostic Radioentomology, that stingless bee workers _Trigona carbonaria_, immediately mummify invading destructive nest parasites _Aethina tumida_ alive, with a mixture of resin, wax and mud, thereby preventing severe damage to the colony. In sharp contrast to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2591/version/2

Successful outdoor cultivation of a photosensitive wild strain of edible Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummel (Oyster mushroom) from the Western Ghats region of Goa
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nandkumar N. Kamat; N. V. Desilva; K. R. Phadte.
There is considerable interest in identifying wild tropical strains of oyster mushrooms&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;useful for cultivation, strain improvement and systematic breeding programme. During&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;routine surveys to identify such strains from Goa&amp;#x2019;s western ghats, an interesting wild form of Pleurotus ostreatus was found growing on logs of wild Mangifera indica L a novel habitat for the species reported for the first time. After obtaining and screening several pure isolates, a fertile strain BA-50/GUOMS was selected for cultivation under natural outdoor conditions. Spawn prepared on wheat grains was produced within 11 days and was used to ramify sterilized paddy straw as substrate using standard polybag technique. Spawn run was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4213/version/1

Thermal characterization of Plasmodium falciparum species specific proteins in Indian geographical area.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohit Bhardwaj; Leena Bharadwaj; Kritika Trigunayat; Madan Mohan Trigunayat.
The paper reveals thermal characteristics of _P.falciparum_ species specific proteins. These proteins determine why _P. vivex_ species are dominant over _P.falciparum_ in Indian geographical area. Outside human host plasmodium parasite survives in poikilothermal mosquitoes. Climatic temperature conditions greatly affect native state of _P.falciparum_ species specific proteins in mosquitoes. Study of climatic temperature conditions in Indian geographical area reveals that Pfsd protein for _Plasmodium falciparum_ can remain in native state between &amp;#x2265;7 degree centigrade and &amp;#x2264;42.6 degree centigrade temperature conditions. While their best optimum functions (activity) was noted between 25.3 degree centigrade to 33degree centigrade. Pfsd...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4565/version/1

Altruism among relatives and non-relatives
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Howard Rachlin; Bryan A. Jones.
The amount of their own monetary reward that undergraduate participants claimed they were willing to forgo, in order to give $75 to another person, decreased hyperbolically as social distance increased between the participant and the other person. Relatives tended to be ranked at closer social distances than were non-relatives. However, even at the same social distance, participants were willing to forgo significantly more money for the benefit of relatives than for the benefit of non-relatives. These results imply that altruism is determined by factors in addition to social distance.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1565/version/1

Cerebral malaria admissions in Papua New Guinea may show inter-annual cyclicity: An example of about a 1.5-year cycle for malaria incidence in Burundi
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Borislav D. Dimitrov; Penka A. Atanassova.
Best available descriptions of malaria incidence and mortality dynamics are important to better plan and evaluate the implementation of programs to monitor (e.g., remote sensing) and control the disease, especially in endemic zones. This was stressed recently by Cibulskis et al (2007) in the view of completeness of monthly reporting for cerebral malaria admissions in Papua New Guinea (latitude 6 degree S, 1987-1996). Notably, regardless of the rate of its completeness, the temporal dynamics of admissions was preserved over the years, however, neither raw data nor results on further analyses about eventual inter-annual cyclic components (periods T&amp;#x3e;1 year) were provided despite obvious graphical patterns for such a specific time structure...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1769/version/1

When Spandrels Become Arches: Neural crosstalk and the evolution of consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Once cognition is recognized as having a &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information source, the information theory chain rule implies that isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to the rapid, shifting global neural broadcasts of consciousness. The argument is quite analogous to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in neurons and neuronal subsystems. Astrobiological implications are obvious.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6115/version/2

Description of a method for localizing swarming mosquitoes and other insects in 3D space with visualizations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nicholas C. Manoukis.
Male mosquitoes swarm to find mates, but the characteristics of these swarms have not yet been quantitatively analyzed in the field. This paper describes a simple method used recently to localize individual Anopheles gambiae in a swarm via stereoscopic image analysis of video footage swarms recorded in Doneguebougou, Mali. The methods described here represent a streamlining of simple triangulation for insect localization in the hope that other researchers will be able to apply the method for studying fundamental questions about flying insects or other taxa.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2599/version/1

The Human Microbiome and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James Versalovic; Robert J. Shulman; Kevin Riehle; Delphine M. Saulnier; Toni-Ann Mistretta; Maria A. Diaz; Sabeen Raza; Debasmita Mandal; Xiang Qin; Susan Lynch; Joseph Petrosino; Richard Gibbs.
This project explores the nature of the human intestinal microbiome in healthy children and children with recurrent abdominal pain. The overall goal is to obtain a robust knowledge base of the intestinal microbiome in children without evidence of pain or gastrointestinal disease and in those with recurrent abdominal pain (functional abdominal pain (FAP) and FAP associated with changes in bowel habits, i.e., irritable bowel syndrome or IBS).  Specific aims include: 1. Characterize the composition of the gut microbiome in healthy children by DNA sequencing. 2. Determine the presence of disease-specific organism signatures of variable gut microbiomes in children with recurrent abdominal pain.  3. Perform functional gut metagenomics by evaluation of whole...
Tipo: Marker Paper / Data Plan
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5228/version/1

Extending Astrobiology: Consciousness and Culture
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
The Stanley Miller experiment suggests that amino acid-based life is ubiquitous in our universe, although its varieties are not likely to have followed the particular, highly contingent and path-dependent, evolutionary trajectory found on Earth. Are many alien organisms likely to be conscious in ways that we would recognize? Almost certainly. Will some develop high order technology? Less likely, but still fairly probable. If so, will we be able to communicate with them? Only on a basic level, and only with profound difficulty. The argument is fairly direct.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5286/version/2

Soil Disturbance Increases Soil Microbial Enzymatic Activity in Arid Ecoregions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lori Kae Schwab-Uchanski; Adrian Unc; Mary Lucero.
Functional diversity of the soil microbial community is commonly used in the assessment of soil health as it relates to the activity of soil microflora involved in carbon cycling. Soil microbes in different microenvironments will have varying responses to different substrates, thus catabolic fingerprint information of each location-specific community can be obtained. The purpose of this study was to evaluate total-soil enzymatic activity profiles across three disturbance regimes in an arid desert grassland in the Southwestern United States. Microbial enzymatic activity was measured using the MicroResp&amp;#x2122; system, which measures respiration of microbes within whole soil samples supplemented with various carbon sources (simple and polymeric sugars,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6202/version/1

Evolution as a language that speaks itself
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
The &amp;#x27;self-referential&amp;#x27; character of evolutionary process noted by Goldenfeld and Woese (2010) can be restated through a &amp;#x27;language&amp;#x27; model in which genes, gene expression, and environment are represented as interacting information sources. The larger, composite, source that characterizes the high probability evolutionary paths then becomes, in a real sense, a language that speaks itself. The approach represents a significant extension of nonequilibrium condensed matter formalism in which the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory beat back the mathematical thicket a full step, providing necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for punctuated evolutionary transitions that can themselves be expressed as highly...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5339/version/1

Remote Sensing for Water Quality Monitoring &amp;#x26; Watershed Assessment On the Lake Traverse Reservation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David German; Mary O&amp;#x2019;Neill; James Sampson; Boris Shmagin.
During the summer of 2010, three student interns from Sisseton Wahpeton Tribal College along with researchers from South Dakota State University engaged in a pilot project to assess the feasibility of using Landsat imagery to determine water transparency in reservation lakes in northeastern South Dakota.  The students were trained to assist with data collection, image processing, and spatial and statistical analyses.  Secchi depth measurements and lake algae bloom observations were made on cloud-free Landsat overpass days.  Measurement locations were geo-referenced using GPS.  Field observations and satellite image classification and interpretation techniques were used to create a land use map for the watershed and explore possible land-use-related causes...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6019/version/1

Biodiversity informatics: the challenge of linking data and the role of shared identifiers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roderic Page.
A major challenge facing biodiversity informatics is integrating data stored in widely distributed databases. Initial efforts have relied on taxonomic names as the shared identifier linking records in different databases. However, taxonomic names have limitations as identifiers, being neither stable nor globally unique, and the pace of molecular taxonomic and phylogenetic research means that a lot of information in public sequence databases is not linked to formal taxonomic names. This review explores the use of other identifiers, such as specimen codes and GenBank accession numbers, to link otherwise disconnected facts in different databases. The structure of these links can also be exploited using the PageRank algorithm to rank the results of searches on...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1760/version/1

Differences of morphological and ecological characters among lineages of Chilean Rhinocryptidae in relation an sister lineage of  Furnariidae.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alejandro Correa Rueda; Jorge Mpodozis; Michel Sallaberry.
Eight species of Rhinocryptidae are recognized from Chile. Moreover, morphological, ecological and behavioral differences  among two lineages of  _Scytalopus_ and two species of _Pteroptochos_ are  unclear. According to our results, there are no decisive criteria differentiating among subspecific sister taxa of _Scelorchilus albicollis_, _S. rubecula_ and _Pteroptochos megapodius_. Here we discuss the speciation of the chilean Rhinocryptidae based in their behaviour. We propose  a new methodology  based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1606/version/1

Using lidar remote sensing and support vector machines to classify fire disturbance legacies in a Florida oak scrub landscape
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James J. Angelo; Brean W. Duncan; John F. Weishampel.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Ecologists have long emphasized the reciprocal interactions between spatial pattern and ecological processes in the creation of landscape mosaics. While an enormous amount of recent research has focused on the quantification of spatial patterns, efforts to infer process from pattern have been hindered by the presence of multi-scale, often confounding, drivers of pattern in many landscapes. At the mesoscale, Holling&amp;#x2019;s extended keystone hypothesis posits that spatially contagious disturbances such as fire are the dominant pattern-generating processes. To test this hypothesis, we used fire history data and discrete, small-footprint lidar remote sensing acquired over a 22 sq. km...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3610/version/1

Recasting spatial food web ecology as an ecosystem science
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fran&amp;#xe7;ois Massol; Dominique Gravel; Nicolas Mouquet; Marc W. Cadotte; Tadashi Fukami; Mathew A. Leibold.
Background/questions/methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Food webs are complex systems in which organisms interact with each other and with the abiotic aspects of their environment, thus acting as the conduit for transfers of energy and nutrients through ecosystems. Classical approaches to food webs focus strongly on patterns and processes occurring at the community level rather than at the broader ecosystem scale. Recent developments in community ecology suggest that spatial processes may be important in affecting food web dynamics and affect ecosystems as well, thus leading to the idea of meta-ecosystems. Here, we make a synthesis on how the links between food web dynamics and spatial ecosystem dynamics may be studied through (i) identifying...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5204/version/1

Soil extracellular enzyme activities from a forest harvest and climate manipulation experiment in central Pennsylvania
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marshall D. McDaniel; Jason P. Kaye; Mary Ann V. Bruns; Margot W. Kaye.
We have previously shown that warming and wetting a post-harvest forest soil increased C and N mineralization rates.  A series of interacting processes may lead to these observed patterns including shifts in microbial allocation among extracellular enzymes.  We monitored soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) for 2.5 years in a post-harvest, climate manipulated field experiment.  A 2 ha forest in Central Pennsylvania was whole-tree harvested in 2007 and climate manipulations of +2 &amp;#xb0;C (warmed), and +20% mean monthly historical precipitation (wetted) were added to plots and in combination in a factorial design.  The following enzymes were quantified: &amp;#x3b2;-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), leucine aminopeptidase (LA),...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6254/version/1

Sandy bottom communities at the end of a cold (1971-1975) and warm (1997-1998) regime in the California Current:  impacts of high and low plankton production
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John S. Oliver; Stacy L. Kim; Peter N. Slattery; James  A. Oakden; Kamille K. Hammerstrom; Ethan M. Barnes.
There were highly significant changes in the structure of benthic infaunal communities at the end of the last cold regime (1976) compared to the end of the last warm regime (1999) in the California Current. The warm regime is characterized by much lower plankton production, which we argue is the primary cause of the degraded infaunal community at the end of the warm regime. In 1997-98, we resampled a depth gradient along a subtidal, high-energy sandy beach (6-24m) in Monterey Bay that was sampled for five years at the end of the last cold regime (1971-75). There was a dramatic decline in the total number species, number of individuals, and biomass by the end of the warm period. There was no overlap in benthic assemblages at all water depths between the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2103/version/1

Frequency-dependent selection predicts patterns of radiations and biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carlos Melian; David Alonso; Diego Vazquez; James Regetz; Stefano Allesina.
Most empirical studies support a decline in speciation rates through time, although evidence for constant speciation rates also exists. Declining rates have been explained by invoking niche-filling processes, whereas constant rates have been attributed to non-adaptive processes such as sexual selection, mutation, and dispersal. Trends in speciation rate and the processes underlying it remain unclear, representing a critical information gap in understanding patterns of global diversity. Here we show that the speciation rate is driven by frequency dependent selection. We used a frequency-dependent and DNA sequence-based model of populations and genetic-distance-based speciation, in the absence of adaptation to ecological niches. We tested the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3752/version/1

Epidemiological Baseline of Influenza Virus in Wild Aquatic Birds in Hong Kong during the Pre-H5N1 Endemic Era
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mario P. S. Chin; Kennedy F. Shortridge.
Influenza virus surveillance was conducted on wild ducks and shorebirds in Hong Kong at the Mai Po Nature Reserve to determine whether East Asian wild aquatic birds passing through or overwintering in Hong Kong are reservoirs of H5N1 influenza viruses and to establish an epidemiological baseline of influenza virus in wild aquatic birds during the pre-H5N1 endemic era. Three influenza viruses were isolated from 3178 faecal samples collected over three sampling periods from 1988 to 2001 during the southern and northern migration periods. The isolation rates and viruses were, respectively 0.08% (H10N5) in 1988 &amp;#x2013; 1990, 0.12% (H11N1) in 1998 and 0.09% (H3N8) in 1999 &amp;#x2013; 2001. Whereas tracheal and intestinal colon explants from representative...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5110/version/1

The Trend of Wildlife Habitat Isolation due to the Development on Adjacent Areas of the Jirisan National Park in Korea
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sunghyun Lim; Chonghwa Park.
Background/Objectives/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Jirisan national park (IUCN status 2) is the first national park (1967) and the biggest national park (472km^2^) in Korea. In the first trial on the species restoration, since 2004, Asiatic Black Bears (Ursus thibetanus ussuricus) reintroduced from North Korea and Russia have been conserved in the park. Development activities around the Jirisan national park (JNP) have been isolating the habitat for many wildlife species. The objectives of this study are to identify the trend of wildlife habitat isolation caused by the development activities in areas adjacent to the JNP, analyze the trend of habitat fragmentation by using selected fragmentation indices and discuss landscape ecological implications of habitat...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3735/version/1

Systema Naturae. Classification of living things.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alexey Shipunov.
Original classification of living organisms containing four kingdoms (Monera, Protista, Vegetabilia and Animalia), 60 phyla and 253 classes, is presented.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/241/version/1

Cu2+ uptake by Chlorococcum hemicolum - A Xeric Chlorophycean Alga
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mr. Harish; S. Sundaramoorthy; Devendra Kumar; S.G. Vaijapurkar.
Bioremediation of copper by xeric chlorophycean bioremediator, Chlorococcum hemicolum was investigated. The growth rates at various concentrations of Cu2+ were assessed in terms of protein level and 8 mg L-1 (37.67 % level in growth kinetics) is the tolerance limit. Absorption/adsorption kinetics was estimated after 240 hrs of Cu2+ treatments. Absorptions were higher than adsorption with maximum accumulation factor (AF) of 1.40. The Cu2+ concentration and absorption were linearly related (r = 0.99; p&amp;#x3e;0.01). Other biochemical parameters like total sugar, chlorophyll and carotenoids were also quantified to correlate the state of metabolism and these exhibited reduction due to heavy metal stress.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5657/version/1

Demographic vital rates and population growth:  rethinking the relationship in a harvested elk population
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jonathan M. Conard; Philip S. Gipson.
Understanding the nature of the relationship between demographic vital rates and the rate of population change (&amp;#x3bb;) is important for determining effective strategies for population management and conservation. We examined the relative impacts of various demographic vital rates on &amp;#x3bb; within the range of temporal vital rate variability observed in a harvested population to test the hypotheses that adult survival rates in ungulates are relatively invariant when compared to other vital rates and that variability in calf survival has a greater influence on rates of population change than adult survival. Vital rates were estimated for an elk (_Cervus elaphus_) population at Fort Riley, Kansas from October 2003 &amp;#x2013; February 2007. The...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3609/version/1

The Dryad Digital Repository: Published evolutionary data as part of the greater data ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Todd Vision.
Here we describe the motivation and workings of Dryad, a digital repository for data underlying published articles in the biosciences, that grew out of a grassroots effort to support a joint data archiving policy adopted by a consortium of journals in ecology and evolutionary biology.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4595/version/1

The existence of species rests on a metastable equilibrium  between inbreeding and outbreeding
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Etienne Joly.
Background: Speciation corresponds to the progressive establishment of reproductive barriers between groups of individuals derived from an ancestral stock. Since Darwin did not believe that reproductive barriers could be selected for, he proposed that most events of speciation would occur through a process of separation and divergence, and this point of view is still shared by most evolutionary biologists today. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results: I do, however, contend that, if so much speciation occurs, it must result from a process of natural selection, whereby it is advantageous for individuals to reproduce preferentially within a group and reduce their breeding with the rest of the population, leading to a model whereby new species arise not...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5003/version/4

Variety in evolutionary strategies favours biodiversity in habitats of moderate productivity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Simon Pierce.
The mechanism whereby biodiversity varies between habitats differing in productivity is a missing link between ecological and evolutionary theory with vital implications for biodiversity conservation, management and the assessment of ecosystem services. A unimodal, humped-back relationship, with biodiversity greatest at intermediate productivities, is evident when plant, animal and microbial communities are compared across productivities in nature. However, the mechanistic, evolutionary basis of this observation remains enigmatic. We show, for natural and semi-natural plant communities across a range of bioclimatic zones, that biodiversity is greatest where communities include species with widely divergent values for phenotypic traits involved in resource...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6618/version/1

Does accounting for imperfect detection improve species distribution models?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher T. Rota; Robert J. Fletcher; Jason M. Evans; Richard L. Hutto.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Models of species distributions are increasingly being used to address a variety of problems in ecology and conservation biology. In many applications, perfect detectability of species, given presence, is assumed. While this problem has been acknowledged and addressed through the development of occupancy models, we still know little regarding whether or not addressing the potential for imperfect detection improves the predictive performance of species distribution models in nature. Here, we ask if explicitly accounting for imperfect detection improves predictive performance of species distribution models relative to approaches that assume perfect detection.  We contrast logistic regression...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5201/version/1

Weight, Length, and Growth in Cutbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss x clarkii)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Parker; Thomas Avers; Michael Courtney.
Background:  The cutbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss x clarkii) is a fertile hybrid of rainbow and cutthroat trout.  Little published length-weight data is available for this hybrid, and a standard weight curve is not established.  Eleven Mile Reservoir is a clear mountain reservior in Colorado with a surface area of 13.4 square kilometers, an average depth of 10 m, and a maximum depth of 41 m.  80,000 cutbow trout were stocked through the ice in late winter before samples were taken.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Materials and Methods: Angling provided 171 samples which were weighed and measured (total length and fork length).  Dressed weight was also determined with the scales, head, and entrails removed.  Estimates of parameters a and b in the model, W(L) = aLb, were...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6432/version/1

A Fresh Look at Energy, Materials, and Labor in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aaron W. Baum; Tadeusz Patzek; Martin Bender; Steve Renich; Wes Jackson.
An understanding of agriculture&amp;#x27;s energy, material, and labor requirements is essential for achieving economic and ecological sustainability, and for assessing the effectiveness of relevant policy decisions (biofuel subsidies, regulations, labeling, etc.). Previous studies of energy, materials, and labor use in farming have been based on either unverified voluntary reporting or test plots, rather than on the high-resolution measurements of mass and energy flows. Here we present a recursive analysis of 1.25 million data points describing in unprecedented detail the resource transactions on a 60 ha farm functioning for over 6 years. This analysis highlights the importance of accounting for all types of materials, as well as capital equipment,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4291/version/1

Resource Mediated Competition of two South Texas Natives: _Acacia berlandieri_ and _Trichloris pluriflora_
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sara J. Roach; Paul N. Jurena.
*Background/Question/Methods* &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;_Acacia berlandieri_, an early-successional C~3~ woody shrub legume, and _Trichloris pluriflora_, a late-successional/climax C~4~ mid-tall grass, reside in similar habitats and have both been documented in Texas for over 150 years. This study examines the resource mediated above and below ground competition within and between these species, which may illuminate some of the dynamics involved in the encroachment of woody shrub species into the former grasslands. These species, started from seed, were grown outdoors (5 replicates/treatment) using sandy clay loam soil in plastic lined 15&amp;#xd7;15 cm pots for 155 days and watered daily. Half of these pots received 12.5% Hoagland&amp;#x2019;s solution as a...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3774/version/1

Evaluating experiential education through an intertidal ecology field trip.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kate E. Lowry; Cynthia Wilber; Rodolfo Dirzo.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Stanford SEEDS and the Jasper Ridge Biological Preserve have worked together with Redwood High School to implement an experiential ecology education program. The Redwood Environmental Academy of Leadership(REAL) is designed to bring underserved high school students out of the classroom and into the outdoors to create a unique and effective learning experience. Though the program focuses on riparian ecosystem restoration, the course curriculum is interdisciplinary and designed to inspire continuation high school students to attend college or pursue environmental careers. Through a SEEDS special grant, REAL students were taken to Fitzgerald Marine Reserve in Half Moon Bay, California, to learn...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3875/version/1

Visualising a scienti&amp;#xfb01;c article
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roderic Page.
This paper describes my entry in the Elsevier Grand Challenge &amp;#x22;Knowledge Enhancement in the Life Sciences&amp;#x22; contest.  The entry takes a collection of fulltext issues of _Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution_ as the starting point, then extracts citation links to both papers and data, such as Genbank sequences and specimens, together with geotagged localities, and builds a &amp;#x22;web&amp;#x22; of objects linked by typed relationships. Each object (such as a publication, a sequence, a specimen, a taxon name, etc.) is treated equally, so that you can take a publication and see what taxa it refers to, or take the taxon and find all the publications that refer to the taxon. Although the database has been seeded with some articles from...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2579/version/1

Metabolic constraints on the evolution of genetic codes: Did multiple &amp;#x27;preaerobic&amp;#x27; ecosystem transitions entrain richer dialects via Serial Endosymbiosis?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
A mathematical model based on Tlusty&amp;#x27;s topological deconstruction suggests that multiple punctuated ecosystem shifts in available metabolic free energy, broadly akin to the &amp;#x27;aerobic&amp;#x27; transition, enabled a punctuated sequence of increasingly complex genetic codes and protein translators under mechanisms similar to the Serial Endosymbiosis effecting the Eukaryotic transition. These evolved until the ancestor to the present narrow spectrum of nearly maximally robust codes became locked-in by path dependence.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4120/version/2

EvolveAGene 3: A DNA coding sequence evolution simulation program
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Barry G. Hall.
EvolveAGene 3 is a realistic coding sequence simulation program that separates mutation from selection and allows the user to set selection conditions, including variable regions of selection intensity within the sequence and variation in intensity of selection over branches.  Variation includes base substitutions, insertions and deletions.  Output includes a log file,  the true tree and both unaligned coding sequence and protein sequences and the true DNA and protein alignments.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1230/version/1

Nanomaterials: Look at the Earth
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay.
Nanotechnology promises to be the greatest technological breakthrough in history, doing for our control of matter what computers did for our control of information. The origins of nanoscience can be traced to clay mineralogy and crystallography when it was discovered that clay minerals were crystalline and of micrometer size. The unit cell dimensions of clay minerals are in nanometer scale in all three axes (x, y, and z). The advantages of clays are: (i) their ordered arrangements, (ii) their large adsorption capacity, (iii) their shielding against sunlight (ultraviolet radiation), (iv) their ability to concentrate organic chemicals, and (v) their ability to serve as polymerization templates. Clay minerals in nanoforms played a catalytic role in the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5809/version/1

Habitat use of Northern Map Turtles (Graptemys geographica) in an  altered system, the Susquehanna River, Maryland (USA)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Teal M. Richards; Richard A. Seigel.
*_Background/Question/Methods_*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Riverine turtle populations are declining worldwide and many of these species have been extirpated from large areas of their range. In Maryland, the northern map turtle (Graptemys geographica) occurs only in the lower Susquehanna River, which is the eastern edge of its range. The northern map turtle is a Maryland state endangered species and had not been seen in Maryland since the early 1990&amp;#x2019;s. The Susquehanna River is divided by a hydroelectric dam and is heavily used for recreational activities, both of which may negatively impact turtles. To determine the status of map turtles in Maryland, we performed visual encounter surveys for basking turtles at 12 sites from April to...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3680/version/1

The unique mouse pollination in an orchid species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yong Wang; Yang Zhang; Xiao-Kai Ma; Li Dong.
The Chinese orchid, _Cymbidium serratum_, is pollinated by the wild mountain mouse _Rattus fulvescens_. The flowers use both odor and colour as attractants, and provide labellum as food reward for the pollinators. The mice pollinate the flowers during their endeavour to eat the labellums.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1824/version/1

_Streptomyces_ sp. as predators of bacteria
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Charushila A. Kumbhar; Milind G. Watve.
Background: The ecological role of actinomycetes and their secondary metabolites is not yet completely understood. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Hypothesis: Actinomycetes and Streptomyces sp. in particular, are non-obligate predators of bacteria in soil. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Evidence: Ability to grow on live bacterial cells as a sole source of nutrients. Prey cell lysis accompanying growth. Circumstantial evidence for the involvement of antimicrobials along with enzymes.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Implications: This finding may open up a new source of novel secondary metabolites from the genus.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1263/version/2

Creating &amp;#x201c;fire-smart&amp;#x201d; forest stands and landscapes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Paulo Fernandes.
Wildland fire is an important feature of the Mediterranean Basin. Past fire incidence has been limited by landscape diversity and the intensity of biomass use. Fire activity and the meteorological component of fire danger have increased during the last decades, but the fire regime modification was primarily fuel-driven, i.e. caused by changes in land cover and land use. Fire-smart forests and landscapes are resistant to fire spread and resilient to its occurrence. In cultural landscapes where fires are seldom allowed to spread &amp;#x22;fire smartness&amp;#x22; is attained through proactive management by either treating fuels in fire-prone vegetation types or decreasing the importance of those vegetation types in the landscape. The presentation overviews...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6245/version/1

Development of Future Habitat Suitability Models for the Swift fox (Vulpes velox) in the American Southwest
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jennifer Redman; Michael  T. Calkins; Mark C. Andersen; Kenneth  G. Boykin.
The Swift fox (Vupes velox) is a habitat specialist species of short or mixed grass prairie. We used bioclimatic envelope models and habitat suitability models under three future climate scenarios (based on CO2 emission rates) from &amp;#x22;www.climatewizard.org&amp;#x22;:http://www.climatewizard.org to fit species distribution models, using the maximum entropy method. Current suitable habitat for the swift fox covers an area of 161,984 km2. Under the future climate scenarios the habitat decreases by 27% in the low emission scenario, 63% for medium emissions, and 53% in the high emissions scenario. This decrease in suitable habitat corresponded to an overall decrease in total grassland landcover. The current total area of grassland is 423,440 km2. Under...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3717/version/1

Speciation of chilean Rhinocryptidae (Avian) based on their behaviour
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alejandro Correa Rueda; Jorge Mpodozis.
The current classification of the chilean representatives of the passerine family Rhinocryptidae includes eight species. Three of them contain subspecies that don&amp;#x2019;t exhibit clear differences. Moreover, differences among two lineages of _Scytalopus_ genera and two species of _Pteroptochos_ are very scarce. We propose  a new methodology  based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds. According to our results, we postulate that there is not a cut criteria to establish differences among three sister lineages of current classification. This way the methodology developed by us does not allow to establish divergence for a given common ancestor. Our methodology allows to establish...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1597/version/2

Comparative Litter Quality and Recalcitrance Among Native Grasses and the Invasive, Non-indigenous KR Bluestem (_Bothriochloa ischaemum_)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Amanda Benbow; Kelly G. Lyons.
KR Bluestem (_Bothriochloa ischaemum_) is a non-indigenous, invasive, C4 grass that was introduced throughout the Midwestern and Southwestern U.S. short- to midgrass prairies with the aim of improving degraded rangelands.  The aggressive nature of KR bluestem has led to dramatic alterations of natural and managed ecosystems. Comparative studies of decomposition often show that non-indigenous, invasive plant species have higher rates of nutrient cycling than indigenous species; however, KR bluestem appears to deviate from this trend.  Large amounts of litter are observed in KR-dominated grasslands as compared to intact native grasslands, suggesting that the species has a relatively lower decomposition rate and may slow nutrient cycling in these systems....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3614/version/1

IQ variations across time and race are explained by literacy differences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David F. Marks.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are intended to assess the cognitive competences of individuals, groups and populations. A body of data collected during the last 50 years has revealed that IQ average population scores vary significantly over time, nationality, and race. The causes of these variations remain a mystery. Theories focusing on nutrition, brain size, dysgenic factors, social class and education have proved inexact or unsatisfactory. Here I describe a new explanation based on the fact that intelligence test performance requires a level of literacy not present in all people to the same degree. I show that literacy variations across time, place and race are highly associated with changes in IQ scores. These findings have widespread implications....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1293/version/2

Power-law behavior reveals phase transitions in landscape controls of fire regimes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donald McKenzie; Maureen C. Kennedy.
In low-severity fire regimes of the American West and elsewhere, landscape memory of fire events is registered in fire-scarred trees, with temporal record lengths often exceeding 200 years^1-5^. Understanding the environmental controls on historical wildfires, and how they changed across spatial scales, is difficult because there are no surviving explicit records of either weather or vegetation (fuels). We show how power laws associated with fire-event time series arise in limited domains of parameters that represent critical transitions in the controls on landscape fire. We used stochastic simulations iteratively with Monte Carlo inference to replicate the spatio-temporal structure of historical fire-scar records in forested watersheds of varying...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6222/version/1

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman; Bruce R. Boynton.
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60%. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/459/version/2

Modeling Animal Movements in Response to Human Disturbances
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Haiganoush K. Preisler; Alan A. Ager; David R. Brillinger; Michael J. Wisdom.
1) Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The advent of GPS technology has made it possible to study human - wildlife interactions on large landscapes and quantify behavioral responses to recreation and other anthropogenic disturbances at increasingly fine scales.  Of particular interest are the potential impacts on habitat use patterns, energetics, and cascading impacts on fecundity and other life history traits for key wildlife species that are increasingly exposed to human activities.  However, the dynamics of free-ranging animal movements are complex, even without disturbances, and quantifying reactions to disturbance on heterogeneous landscapes is difficult.  A modeling framework is required that can sort out diel and random movements that mask...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5312/version/1

Robust information from phylogenetic trees?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carl Boettiger.
Traditional information criteria approaches can lead to misleading model choice in comparative phylogenetics.  I present both these weaknesses and a more robust comparison by likelihood ratio.  I then discuss a new class of models to capture the transition process between evolutionary regimes.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4614/version/1

Microbial ecosystem constructed in water for successful organic hydroponics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Makoto Shinohara; Hiromi Ohmori; Yoichi Uehara.
Conventional hydroponics systems generally use only chemical fertilisers, not organic ones, since there are no microbial ecosystems present in such systems to mineralise organic compounds to inorganic nutrients. Addition of organic compounds to the hydroponic solution generally has phytotoxic effects and causes poor plant growth. We developed a novel hydroponic culture method using organic fertiliser. A microbial ecosystem was constructed in hydroponic solution by regulating the amounts of organic fertiliser and soil, with moderate aeration. The microbial ecosystem mineralised organic nitrogen to nitrate-nitrogen via ammonification and nitrification. A 97.6% efficiency of nitrate-nitrogen generation from the organic nitrogen in the organic fertiliser was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2494/version/1

How could a natural catastrophe impact the ecology of a species? The Nicobar megapode and tsunami
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sivakumar Kuppusamy.
This study on the impact of the 2004 tsunami on the Nicobar megapode Megapodius nicobariensis, endemic coastal living bird species in the Nicobar group of islands showed a significant decline (nearly 70%) in the number of individuals when compared to before tsunami populations (Paired sample test, t=2.061, df=14, p&amp;#x3c;0.05). The tsunami has also adversely influenced the nest-site selection of the megapodes. The post tsunami impact on this species is also expected to be severe, pushing the species into the category of &amp;#x22;critically endangered&amp;#x22;.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1627/version/1

Motif analysis of amphioxus, lamprey and invertebrate estrogen receptors and amphioxus and human estrogen-related receptors: Towards a better understanding of estrogen receptor evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker; Charlie Chandsawangbhuwana.
*Background.*  The origins of steroid-dependent regulation of the vertebrate estrogen receptor (ER) are poorly understood.  Genes with statistically significant sequence similarity to vertebrate ERs have been found in lamprey, a basal vertebrate, and amphioxus, a basal chordate.  Motif analysis of these sequences provides an opportunity to investigate early events in the evolution of the ER.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Results.*  We used artificial intelligence-based software to construct twelve motifs specific to the estrogen-binding domain of ER[alpha] and ER[beta] in land vertebrates and teleosts.  We mapped these ER-specific motifs onto the sequences of lamprey, amphioxus, invertebrate and selected vertebrate ERs and amphioxus and human estrogen-related receptor...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1542/version/1

Life Tables of Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett) (Diptera: Tephritidae): with a Mathematical Invalidation for Applying the Jackknife Technique to the Net Reproductive Rate
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hsin Chi; Yu-Bing J. O. Y. C. E. Huang.
Life table data for the melon fly, Bactrocera cucurbitae (Coquillett), reared on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) were collected under laboratory and simulated field conditions. Means and standard errors of life table parameters were estimated for two replicates using the jackknife technique. At 25&amp;#xba;C, the intrinsic rates of increase (_r_) found for the two replicates were 0.1354 and 0.1002 day-1, and the net reproductive rates (_R_~0~) were 206.3 and 66.0 offspring, respectively. When the cucumbers kept under simulated field conditions were covered with leaves, the _r_ and _R_~0~ for the two replicates were 0.0935 and 0.0909 day-1, 17.5 and 11.4 offspring, respectively.  However, when similar cucumbers were left uncovered, the _r_ and _R_~0~ for the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7070/version/1

Resolving Stressful Relationships in Prehistory: Macroscopic and Histological Indicators of Growth Disruption in Subadult Long Bones
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gwen Robbins.
This poster provides a set of quadratic formulas for predicting body mass using the femoral midshaft in subadult skeletons. This age-structured method has lower %SEE and is more efficient than estimating body mass from the bone ends (Ruff, 2007). This poster demonstrates that estimates of body mass in subadult skeletons can be compared with stature to look at biocultural stress levels in prehistoric populations. Finally a qualitative assessment of histological markers of growth disruption is provided for individuals that demonstrate low bone mass for body size.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2471/version/1

Facial Expression Processing Varies with Political Affiliation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jacob Vigil.
Conservative political beliefs have been linked to heightened stress reactivity and protective cognitive biases. Using a facial discrimination task designed to measure perceptions of threat (vs. non threat) and dominance (vs. submissiveness), I show that Republicans demonstrate a greater tendency to interpret ambiguous facial stimuli as expressing more threatening and more dominant emotions than do Democrats. The findings suggest the political ideology may be associated with basic social perceptual sensitivities.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2414/version/1

Assessing performance of conservation-based Best Management Practices: Coarse vs. fine-scale analysis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Denise A. Piechnik; Sarah C. Goslee; Tamie L. Veith.
Background/Questions/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Animal agriculture in the Spring Creek watershed of central Pennsylvania contributes sediment to the stream and ultimately to the Chesapeake Bay. Best Management Practices (BMPs) such as stream bank buffers are intended to intercept sediment moving from heavy-use areas toward the stream. The placement of BMPs on a farm is generally based on untested assumptions about flow paths. Most often, a straight-line distance from the heavy-use area to the stream is assumed to be correct. Our objective was to compare the straight-line path to hydrologic flow paths calculated from fine-, medium- and coarse-grained Digital Elevation Models (DEMs; 1m, 10m, 30m) for 471 mapped heavy-use points within 100m of the stream. The...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5248/version/1

Towards a cognitive definition of colour vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Skorupski; Lars Chittka.
In recent years, colour vision abilities have been rather generously awarded to vari-ous invertebrates and even bacteria. This uncertainty of when to diagnose colour vi-sion stems in part from confusing what colour vision can do with what it is. What col-our vision can do is discriminate wavelength independent of intensity. However, if we take this as a definition of what colour vision is, then we might indeed be obliged to conclude that some plants and bacteria have colour vision. Moreover, there is a simi-lar confusion of what are necessary and what are sufficient mechanisms and behav-ioural abilities for colour vision. To humans, seeing in colour means seeing an image in which objects/lights have chromatic attributes - in contrast to the sensation that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1766/version/1

The &amp;#x201c;Minimum Information about an ENvironmental Sequence&amp;#x201d; (MIENS) specification
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pelin  Yilmaz; Renzo Kottmann; Dawn Field; Rob Knight; James R. Cole; Linda Amaral-Zettler; Jack A. Gilbert; Ilene Karsch-Mizrachi; Anjanette  Johnston; Guy Cochrane; Robert  Vaughan; Christopher Hunter; Joonhong Park; Norman Morrison; Phillipe Rocca-Serra; Peter Sterk; Mani Arumugam; Laura Baumgartner; Bruce W. Birren; Martin J. Blaser; Vivien Bonazzi; Peer Bork; Pier Luigi Buttigieg; Patrick Chain; Elizabeth K. Costello; Heather Huot-Creasy; Peter Dawyndt; Todd DeSantis; Noah Fierer; Jed Fuhrman; Rachel E. Gallery; Richard A. Gibbs; Michelle Gwinn Giglio; Inigo San Gil; Elizabeth M. Glass; Antonio Gonzalez; Jeffrey I. Gordon; Robert Guralnick; Wolfgang Hankeln; Sarah Highlander; Philip Hugenholtz; Janet Jansson; Jerry Kennedy; Dan Knights; Omry Koren; Justin Kuczynski; Nikos Kyrpides; Robert Larsen; Christian L. Lauber; Teresa Legg; Ruth E. Ley; Catherine  A. Lozupone; Wolfgang Ludwig; Donna Lyons; Eamonn  Maguire; Barbara A. Meth&amp;#xe9;; Folker Meyer; Sara Nakielny; Karen E. Nelson; Diana Nemergut; Josh D. Neufeld; Norman R. Pace; Giriprakash Palanisamy; J&amp;#xf6;rg Peplies; Jane Peterson; Joseph Petrosino; Lita Proctor; Jeroen Raes; Sujeevan Ratnasingham; Jacques Ravel; David A. Relman; Susanna Assunta-Sansone; Lynn Schriml; Erica Sodergren; Aym&amp;#xe9; Spor; Jesse Stombaugh; James M. Tiedje; Doyle V. Ward; George M. Weinstock; Doug Wendel; Owen White; Andreas Wilke; Jennifer Wortmann; Frank Oliver Gl&amp;#xf6;ckner.
We present the Genomic Standards Consortium&amp;#x2019;s (GSC) &amp;#x201c;Minimum Information about an ENvironmental Sequence&amp;#x201d; (MIENS) standard for describing marker genes. Adoption of MIENS will enhance our ability to analyze natural genetic diversity across the Tree of Life as it is currently being documented by massive DNA sequencing efforts from myriad ecosystems in our ever-changing biosphere.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Data Standards.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5252/version/2

Comparative methods in R hackathon
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brian O&amp;#x27;Meara; Michael Alfaro; Charles Bell; Benjamin Bolker; Marguerite Butler; Peter Cowan; Damien de Vienne; Richard Desper; Joseph Felsenstein; Luke Harmon; Christoph Heibl; Andrew Hipp; Gene Hunt; Thibaut Jombart; Steve Kembel; Hilmar Lapp; Scott Loarie; Wayne Maddison; Peter Midford; David Orme; Emmanuel Paradis; Sam Price; Dan Rabosky; Brian Sidlauskas; Stacey Smith; Dave Swofford; Todd Vision; Peter Waddell; Amy Zanne; Derrick Zwickl.
The R statistical analysis package has emerged as a popular platform for implementation of powerful comparative methods to understand the evolution of organismal traits and diversification. A hackathon was organized to bring together active R developers as well as end-users working on the integration of comparative phylogenetic methods within R to actively address issues of data exchange standards, code interoperability, usability, documentation quality, and the breadth of functionality for comparative methods available within R. Outcomes included a new base package for phylogenetic trees and data, a public wiki with tutorials and overviews of existing packages, code to allow Mesquite and R to interact, improvement of existing packages, and increased...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2126/version/1

Residential irrigation as a driver of urban bird communities
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bradley W. Schleder; Madhusudan Katti; Sarah Wallace.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The demand for fresh water has largely outpaced supply both globally and locally with current water management policies unable to meet the needs of urban, agricultural, and industrial activities. Irrigation is one of the many anthropogenic uses of water and is arguably the most important maintenance factor in a landscape. This is particularly true in an arid climate, such as the Central Valley of California. Urban residents&amp;#x27; decisions about the design and maintenance of their landscapes affect bird species richness. Published research indicates that these decisions are also affected by the residents&amp;#x27; socioeconomic status. However, the driver of this relationship remains unknown. This paper...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3617/version/1

Nanoscience and Nano-Technology: Cracking Prodigal Farming
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay; Vir Rajinder  Parshad; Inderpreet S. Gill.
Nano-science coupled with nano-technology has emerged as possible cost-cutting measure to prodigal farming and environmental clean-up operations. It has ushered as a new interdisciplinary field by converging various science disciplines, and is highly relevant to agricultural and food systems.  Environmental Protection Agency of USA defined nanotechnology as the understanding and control of matter at dimensions of roughly 1-100 nm, where unique physical properties make novel applications possible. By this definition all soil-clays, many chemicals derived from soil organic matter (SOM), several soil microorganisms fall into this category. Apart from native soil-materials, many new nanotech products are entering into soil system, some of which are used for...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3203/version/1

LifeWatch &amp;#x2013; A European e-Science and observatory infrastructure supporting access and use of biodiversity and ecosystem data
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mark Frenzel; Stefan Klotz; Alex Hardisty; Olaf Banki.
There are many promising earth and biodiversity-monitoring projects underway across the globe, but they often operate in information islands, unable easily to share data with others. This is not convenient: It is a barrier to scientists collaborating on complex, cross-disciplinary projects which is an essential nature of biodiversity research. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;LifeWatch (www.lifewatch.eu) is an ESFRI (European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures) initiative which has just entered its construction phase. It is aiming at new ways of collaboration, in an open-access research environment to solve complex societal and scientific questions on biodiversity and ecosystems. It installs a range of new services and tools to help the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5843/version/1

Global Eradication of Lymphatic Filariasis: The Value Of Chronic Disease Control in Parasite Elimination Programs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Edwin Michael; Mwele N. Malecela; Mihail Zervos; James W. Kazura.
The ultimate goal of the global programme against lymphatic filariasis is eradication through irrevocable cessation of transmission using 4 to 6 years of annual single dose mass drug administration. The costs of eradication, and logistical and managerial impediments to executing national and regional control programmes, and scientific uncertainty about transmission endpoints, are challenges to the success of this effort, especially in areas of high endemicity where financial resources are limited. We used a combined analysis of empirical community data describing the association between infection and chronic disease prevalence, mathematical modelling, and economic analyses to identify and evaluate the feasibility of setting an infection target level at...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1564/version/1

Mobile Image Ratiometry for the Detection of Botrytis cinerea (Gray Mold)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donald  C. Cooper.
Mobile Platform Informatics (MPI) and Smartphone Informatics (SPI) methods like Mobile Image Ratiometry (MIR) are potentially transformative point-of-use instantaneous analysis tools that are useful across a variety of industries. In agriculture, MIR-compatible immuno test strips allow early detection of a number of biotic stressors before devastating crop losses occur. Here we describe a low-cost and easy-to-use Smartphone and/or tablet-based protocol (Mobile Assay Inc., www.mobileassay.com) for the detection and on-sight instantaneous analysis of B. cinerea, a fungus that causes significant damage to a variety of plants and flowers. Early detection and tracking of the B. cinerea fungus before the visible gray mold appears has the potential to increase...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6989/version/1

The direct and indirect effects of the red imported fire ant (Solenopsis invicta) on seed fate in the longleaf pine ecosystem
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Margaret Shearin; L K. Kirkman; Ronald Carroll.
Invasion of non-native ants potentially disrupts natural relationships of native ants and ant-dispersed plants.  These relationships may be affected directly through seed collection, or indirectly though impacts on the native ant community.   Solenopsis invicta (the red imported fire ant), a widespread invasive of the southeastern United States, negatively impacts human health, agriculture, and wildlife.  The impacts of S. invicta on native plant communities are less understood, partially because the invasions are usually coupled with human disturbance of soil or vegetation.  The longleaf pine ecosystem is one of the few native communities successfully invaded by S. invicta.  In a natural stand of longleaf pine with native groundcover we determined the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5217/version/1

Abundance and Composition of Zooplankton (Copepoda, Cladocera, Rotifera) in Lake Taal: Potential Impact of Intensive Size-Selective Predation by the Freshwater Sardine, Sardinella tawilis (Herre 1927)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rey Donne Papa; Roberto Pagulayan; Alicia Ely Pagulayan.
Zooplankton are considered to be important members of the lake ecosystem.  The abundance and composition of which are due to several factors, for example, the impact of intensive size-selective predation by planktivorous fishes residing in the lake.  In this study, the abundance and composition of zooplankton found in the vicinity of Isla Napayun - a known fishing ground of the freshwater sardine, Sardinella tawilis (Herre 1927) was analyzed using samples taken from vertical plankton tows from the 10 and 20 m depths in 2 sampling sites from the said area.  These were then compared with the stomach contents of S. tawilis taken during the same period.  Results show that there were 4 genera of Copepoda, 4 genera of Cladocera and 2 genera of Rotifera found in...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/684/version/1

The study of the umbilical system in planktonic foraminifera in relation with depth of the Abderaz Formation at type section, IRAN
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Meysam Shafiee Ardestani; Ebrahim Ghasemi-Nejad.
Prospect of changes in such umbilical structures as Lip, Portici and Tegilla throughout Turonian-Campanian was also investigated. The phylogenic trend show that Lip structure in primary morphogroups turns gradually to tegilla in more developed forms in which the opening become also entirely umbilical. Statistical an analysis showed that the trends of changes are correlatable with increase in water depth while a decrease in depth result in development of lip in the planktonic foraminifera studied. The changes are considered to be in accord with Pascal law.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3206/version/1

Occurrence Of Ascidian _Molgula Sp_. From The Coastal Waters Of Visakhapatnam, India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Veena Shettigar; Kaladharan P.
A specimen of solitary ascidian _Molgula sp._, collected from seaweeds growing at Thotlakonda beach, Visakhapatnam is reported for the first time from Visakhapatnam coast of Indian waters.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4953/version/2

Levy flights are not evolved behavior
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jay Willis; Lucas Merckelbach.
Tracks of moving animals have many short moves interspersed with longer moves, and frequencies of all moves together often indicate Levy flights (a type of power law)^1^. The Levy flight foraging hypothesis suggests that, &amp;#x27;since Levy flights and walks can optimize search efficiencies, therefore natural selection should have led to adaptations for Levy flight foraging^1^ and it has been apparently supported by several studies of large numbers of tracks of marine animals^234^. We show that Levy flights are caused by marine animals attempting to move in simple ways and they are unlikely to be evolved behavior. We do this by analyzing the tracks of autonomous underwater gliders which conform to Levy flights while they were programmed to perform simple...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6564/version/1

Soil pH, ecological stoichiometry, and allometric scaling in soil biota
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christian Mulder; James J. Elser.
The factors regulating the structure of food webs are a central focus of community and&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;ecosystem ecology, as trophic interactions among species have important impacts on&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;nutrient storage and cycling in many ecosystems. For soil invertebrates in grassland&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;ecosystems in the Netherlands, the site-specific slopes of the faunal biomass to organism body mass relationships reflected basic biochemical and biogeochemical processes associated with soil acidity and soil C:N:P stoichiometry. That is, the higher the phosphorus availability in the soil, the higher, on average, the slope of the faunal biomass size spectrum (i.e., the higher the biomass of large-bodied invertebrates relative to the biomass of small...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4217/version/1

Can the nutrient dynamics of a northern hardwood forest explain variation in its trophic structure?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Erik E. Stange; Matthew P. Ayres.
Background/Question/Methods: A time series of Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillar) abundance and biomass in the northern hardwood forests of central New Hampshire, USA, shows large interannual fluctuations in aggregated caterpillar biomass (52-fold variation in mg caterpillars/ 8000 leaves) that were spatially correlated across a regional landscape. Primary production of these mature forests has not varied over this period, and many hundreds of Lepidoptera species share comparatively few host plants. Therefore, interannual changes in nutritional quality of even one host plant species may be capable of generating correlated population dynamics for many species in the Lepidoptera community. We tested the hypothesis that variation in soil nutrient availability...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3859/version/1

Determination of Soybean Oil, Protein and Amino Acid Residues in Soybean Seeds by High Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMRS) and Near Infrared (NIRS)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu; Tiefeng  You; Doina Costescu; P R. Lozano; Valentin Prisecaru; Randall   L. Nelson.
A detailed account is presented of our high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-NMR) and near infrared (NIR) calibration models, methodologies and validation procedures, together with a large number of composition analyses for soybean seeds. NIR calibrations were developed based on both HR-NMR and analytical chemistry reference data for oil and twelve amino acid residues in mature soybeans and soybean embryos. This is our first report of HR-NMR determinations of amino acid profiles of proteins from whole soybean seeds, without protein extraction from the seed.  It was found that the best results for both oil and protein calibrations were obtained with a Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-1) analysis of our extensive NIR spectral data, acquired...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7053/version/1

Invasional conflict: Do invasive insect herbivores mediate the effects of enemy release for their invasive plant hosts?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kerry R. Bohl; Peter Stiling.
Although many factors have been proposed that potentially contribute to invasion success in plants, it remains unclear why some species successfully establish and become dominant while others do not.  The most often cited explanation for the success of invasive plants worldwide is the enemy release hypothesis (ERH), which maintains that populations are kept in check by their co-evolved natural enemies in their native range, but are released from this regulation in the new range. Although there is evidence that introduced plant species often experience a decrease in damage by herbivores in the novel range, it is uncertain if this decrease affects plant productivity.  The purpose of this study was 1) to determine if the invasive plant _Eugenia uniflora_...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3716/version/1

The Microbial Ecology of Bacterial Vaginosis: A Fine Scale Resolution Metagenomic Analysis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jacques  Ravel; Larry J. Forney.
The vaginal microbiota play an important protective role in maintaining the health of women. Disruption of the mutualistic relationship that exists between bacterial communities in the vagina and their hosts can lead to bacterial vaginosis (BV), a condition in which lactic acid producing bacteria are supplanted by a diverse array of strictly anaerobic bacteria. BV has been shown to be an independent risk factor for adverse outcomes including preterm delivery and low infant birth weight, acquisition of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, and development of pelvic inflammatory disease. National surveys indicate the prevalence of BV among U.S. women is 29.2%, and yet, despite considerable effort, the etiology of BV remains unknown. Moreover, there are no...
Tipo: Marker Paper / Data Plan
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5062/version/1

Sociobiological Control of Plasmid copy number
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mukta Watve; Milind Watve.
Background:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;All known mechanisms and genes responsible for the regulation of plasmid replication lie with the plasmid rather than the chromosome. It is possible therefore that there can be copy-up mutants. Copy-up mutants will have within host selective advantage. This would eventually result into instability of bacteria-plasmid association. In spite of this possibility low copy number plasmids appear to exist stably in host populations. We examined this paradox using a computer simulation model.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Model:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Our multilevel selection model assumes a wild type with tightly regulated replication to ensure low copy number. A mutant with slightly relaxed replication regulation can act as a...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2016/version/1

Time to focus on function:  Linking microbial community structure to novel aspects of microbial function
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew  D. Wallenstein.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;One of the fundamental challenges in microbial ecology is to examine how microbial communities that differ in composition may also differ in function.  Since the advent of molecular techniques, we have become increasingly proficient at analyzing community structure to fine taxonomic levels, and with ever-increasing depth of coverage.  However, we have made less progress in understanding the aspects of microbial &amp;#x2018;function&amp;#x2019; that differ between communities.  I argue that this is largely due to our traditional approach of measure microbial activities at optimal conditions in potential assays.  While this approach allows for comparisons across space or time, or in response to experimental...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3648/version/1

Moisture availability influences the effect of ultraviolet-B radiation on leaf litter decomposition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William K. Smith; Wei Gao; Heidi Steltzer; Matthew D. Wallenstein; Roger  Tree.
Altered surface ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation resulting from a combination of factors that include changes in stratospheric ozone concentrations, cloud cover, and aerosol conditions may affect litter decomposition and, thus, terrestrial nutrient cycling on a global scale.  Although litter decomposition rates vary across biomes, patterns of decomposition suggest that UV-B radiation accelerates litter decay in xeric environments where precipitation is infrequent.  However, under more frequent precipitation regimes where litter decay rates are characteristically high, the effect of UV-B radiation on litter decomposition has not been fully elucidated.  To evaluate this association between moisture regime and UV-B exposure, a litter decomposition experiment...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3634/version/1

Community dynamics generates complex epidemiology through self-induced amplification and suppression
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zhenyuan Zhao; Juan Pablo Calderon; Chen Xu; Pak Ming Hui; Neil Johnson.
The development of quantitative models of outbreaks is key to their eventual control, from human and computer viruses through to social (and antisocial) activities. Standard epidemiological models can reproduce many general features of outbreaks. Unfortunately, the large temporal fluctuations which often dominate real-world data are thought to require more complicated, system-specific models involving super-spreaders, specific social network topologies and rewirings, and birth-death processes. However we show here that these large fluctuations have a generic explanation in terms of underlying community dynamics. Communities increasing (or decreasing) in size, act as instantaneous amplifiers (or suppressors) yielding a complex temporal evolution whose...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2030/version/1

Nanotechnology in Agriculture: Propagating, Perpetuating, and Protecting Life
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha S. Mukhopadhyay.
Natural agricultural production is an open system, both energy and matters are exchanged freely in this system involving interactions of geosphere (especially pedosphere), biosphere, and atmosphere. Agriculture provides crops for food and industry, fiber, fuel, auto-fuel and drugs. On one hand it faces ever escalating food prices and farmer&amp;#x2019;s suicides, and on the other hand input use efficiency is low. Present agricultural practices have made harvests toxic, mother&amp;#x2019;s milk a poison, and breathing-air venom. In this background, nanotechnology brings new hope. Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary venture-field that converge science, engineering, and agriculture and food systems into one. The Environmental Protection Agency of the US...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5808/version/1

Exploring The Hidden Realms Of Global Biodiversity: Interesting Endophytic Yeast Flora From Floral Ovaries
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nandkumar Kamat; Shweta S. Saudagar.
Soil is considered the ultimate reservoir of all the microbiota  and specifically the yeasts. However their association with different plant organs and at different developmental stages is not fully explored. Although about 1000 yeast species have been identified, exploration of various microhabitats such as plant storage organs, flowers, nectar, and tree sap is expected to yield a large number of novel species, including interesting endophytic yeasts(Carlos &amp;#x26; Gabor, 2006). Angiosperms are considered the most diverse group of the plant kingdom comprising of about 250,000 species (Kenrick, 1999). As part of an exhaustive exploration of yeasts associated with angiosperm flowers, specific attention was paid to floral ovaries to detect the presence of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6268/version/1

The plural of anecdote is not data: Rigorously testing a boreal forest chronosequence
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ben Bond-Lamberty; Chuankuan Wang; Stith T. Gower.
&amp;#x22;Forests appear stable because the ecologists who study them die.&amp;#x22; The chronosequence, with its space-for-time substitution, is a widely-employed workaround for a difficult problem: many interesting ecosystem processes occur at much longer time scales than researchers can afford to spend studying them. But their use is problematic, particularly for vegetation succession but also for biogeochemical cycling: having sites of different ages is only a necessary, and not a sufficient, condition. How do we test the validity and representativeness of a chronosequence, particularly given ecosystem variability in time and space? &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Here we use data from an intensively-studied group of stands in northern Manitoba,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3599/version/1

Ancient fossil specimens of extinct species are genetically more distant to an outgroup than extant sister species are
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shi Huang.
There exists a remarkable correlation between genetic distance and time of species divergence as inferred from fossil records.  This observation has provoked the molecular clock hypothesis. However, data inconsistent with the hypothesis have steadily accumulated in recent years from studies on extant organisms.  Here the published DNA and protein sequences from ancient fossil specimens were examined to see if they would support the molecular clock hypothesis.  The hypothesis predicts that ancient specimens cannot be genetically more distant to an outgroup than extant sister species are.  Also, two distinct ancient specimens cannot be genetically more distant than their extant sister species are.  The findings here did not support these predictions....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1676/version/1

_Cavernularia malabarica_ Fowler, 1894 from the Bay coast of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Veena Shettigar; Kaladharan P.
Many initiatives have come up to investigate the fauna around India. Due to accidental sighting and dislocation caused due to fishing and forming a part of the trash brought ashore is how the organisms are located. During regular sampling carried out from Mangamaripeta fish landing centre of Visakhapatnam, delicate shallow-water sea pens were collected and investigated. No previous records are available pertaining to the presence of these animals from this area and the species have not been identified from these waters. This report identifies and describes the species as _Cavernularia malabarica_ Fowler, 1894 for the first time from these waters.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4952/version/1

Feeding preferences of _Microcerotermes championi_ (snyder) on different timbers dried at different temperatures under choice and no choice trials
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Khalid Zamir Rasib.
Ten species of wood were tested for their natural resistance and to reveal feeding preferences of _M. championi_. In &amp;#x22;no choice&amp;#x22; laboratory experiments, _Abies pindrow_ was found highly resistant and _Populus euramericana_ highly palatable. The impact of drying temperature (60&amp;#xb0;C, 70&amp;#xb0;C, 80&amp;#xb0;C, 90&amp;#xb0;C and 100&amp;#xb0;C) was studied. The amount of wood consumed in general, increased with increase in drying temperature indicating that heat contributed to the loss of natural resistance components of the woods. When _M. championi_ was given a choice and the woods were offered in combination of two, this termite species repeated its instinct, easily identified the more preferred wood and consumed more of it....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2048/version/1

Courtship plasticity reveals the evolution of dialects in allopatric fish populations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Cesar Gonzalez Zuarth; Adriana Vallarino; Constantino Macias Garcia.
Traditionally, reproductive isolation between disjoint populations has been thought to emerge as a result of the accumulation of different mutations, genetic drift, or through the effects of natural and sexual selection^1^. Alternatively, the ability of an organism to express different phenotypes depending on the environment (i.e. phenotypic plasticity) could produce reproductive isolation^2,3^. Sexually selected traits are expected to be phenotypically plastic and can result in modifications of the species recognition system and thus originate new species^4^. Here we show that the population-characteristic male courtship behaviour of a fish (Girardinichthys multiradiatus) is modified in the presence of females from other populations, that this is due to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2155/version/1

Resin duct density and size predicts mortality in ponderosa pine trees of Northern Arizona
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jeffrey M. Kane; Thomas E. Kolb.
In the presence of herbivores, plants must allocate a portion of their accumulated carbon towards defense to survive.   For example, trees susceptible to bark beetle attack are primarily reliant on resin production for protection.  Tree mortality may be reflected by individual differences in the ability of plants to produce defensive structures and compounds.  We compared the radial growth rates, resin duct production, density, and size between living and dead ponderosa pine trees in northern Arizona using standard dendrochronology techniques.  As a result, we found four main findings: 1) living ponderosa pines had 33% more resin ducts than dead pines (t = 2.97, P &amp;#x3c; 0.003); 2) resin duct size was 13% larger in living than in dead pines (t = 3.00,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3736/version/1

Predicting patterns of stress and mortality in intertidal invertebrates:  applications of biophysical ecology in a changing world
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brian Helmuth; Michael Kearney; Gianluca Sar&amp;#xe1;.
Background, Questions and Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Recent studies have emphasized that local and geographic patterns of species distributions can be set by a variety of factors related to weather and climate, including exposure to lethal environmental conditions, indirect effects on consumers and competitors, and sublethal effects of physiological stress on growth and reproduction.  Predicting where, when and with what magnitude these impacts are most (and least) likely to occur is imperative if we are to effectively plan for (i.e. adapt to) the effects of climate change.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We developed a series of methods for translating patterns of environmental &amp;#x201c;signals&amp;#x201d; into organismal responses in intertidal...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5211/version/1

Ecoinformatics: where are we, where do we want to go, and how to reach there.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Abhay Krishna.
Compared to other natural sciences ecological sciences has always been about seeing the bigger picture. The realization that local actions can have global impact has been the hallmark of ecological research. This integrative view is getting more and more accepted now with the recognition that whole is definitely more then sum of its parts. Advancement in computer sciences has now made it possible to comprehend the complexity arising from an integrative approach. This has given rise to a field interfacing computer science and ecological sciences called Ecoinformatics. The other popular parallel and more mature field is bioinformatics or computational biology. The presentation will take the audience on an Ecoinformatics tour touching on present status of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2018/version/1

Effects of habitat, microsite and seed density on recruitment limitation in native scrubland and scrub undergoing restoration
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Elizabeth L. Stephens; Pedro F. Quintana-Ascencio; Maliha Beg.
*Background/Questions/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Recruitment influences population and community dynamics by determining the replacement of older individuals, decreasing population expansion and reducing/excluding a species from a community. There is insufficient information on the relative importance of mechanisms affecting seed availability and how interactions between recruitment limitation, other life history stages and environmental variables affect plant demography. Seed availability is pertinent to restoration projects, in which the establishment of native plant populations is a priority. We hypothesize that seed and seedling dynamics are affected by seed production, predation, and microsite characteristics, which may differ among habitats with...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3629/version/1

Mechanistic mechanisms of competition and biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev V. Kalmykov; Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
The nature of competition and biodiversity are open basic questions since Darwin. To investigate mechanisms of interspecific competition and their contribution in biodiversity as closely as possible we offer a white-box modelling method based on physically interpreted ecological axioms. These models are implemented as deterministic individual-based cellular automata and able to give a direct physico-mechanistic insight into studied phenomena. Competition of two trophically identical but fitness different species, competing for one limiting resource in one stable uniform habitat (which is closed for immigration, emigration, predation, herbivory and parasitism) has been investigated in conditions, which are the most unfavourable for their coexistence. The...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7105/version/1

Root-associated fungal communities colonizing two dominant semiarid grasses: Hilaria sp. and Stipa sp.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Miriam I. Hutchinson; Jayne Belnap; Jose Herrera; Robert Sinsabaugh; Andrea Porras-Alfaro.
We conducted a preliminary survey of the fungal communities associated with roots of Stipa hymenoides and Hilaria jamesii, two grasses native to the southwestern United States. Root samples from 10 different plants were collected at a semiarid grassland in Utah. Fungal communities were assessed using microscopic and molecular methods. Roots were cleared with KOH and stained using blue ink to visualize mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. A total of 100 root segments were surface sterilized and plated on malt extract agar with antibiotics.  Fungal endophytes were identified using nrITS primers.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Results/Conclusions&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Microscopic analyses showed that all root samples from both Hillaria and Stipa...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3679/version/1

The Evolution of Homochirality
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
It is possible to reconsider the origin of biological homochirality in a novel way by formally invoking the standard groupoid approach to stereochemistry in a thermodynamic context that generalizes Landau&amp;#x27;s spontaneous symmetry breaking arguments. On Earth, limited metabolic free energy may have served as a low temperature analog to &amp;#x27;freeze&amp;#x27; the system in the lowest energy state, i.e., the set of simplest homochiral transitive groupoids representing reproductive chemistries. These engaged in a Darwinian competition until a single configuration survived. Subsequent path dependent evolutionary process locked in this initial condition, in spite of increases in available metabolic free energy. Astrobiological outcomes, given higher...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3902/version/2

Urban Creek flow, re-aeration and ecological health
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Pollard; Sam Bagraith.
For two years we studied the health of a lowland freshwater ecosystem, Moggill Creek, flowing through the western suburbs of Brisbane Qld, Australia. We found: Terrestrial organic carbon was most likely driving very high bacterial growth and respiration rates that removed dissolved oxygen from the water. The diversity of fish and invertebrates was high and the overhanging riparian vegetation cover limited algal and cyanobacterial production. Overall the creek was in fair to good health&amp;#x2014;Report Grade&amp;#x201c;D&amp;#x201d;.  Conclusion:  Water column dissolved oxygen concentrations and Creek health relied on environmental flow during rain to physically re-aerate the water to counter the high bacterial consumption of oxygen that resulted from the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4698/version/1

A new approach to generating research-quality data through citizen science: The USA National Phenology Monitoring System
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ellen G. Denny; Abraham J. Miller-Rushing; Brian P. Haggerty; Lisa Benton; Theresa M. Crimmins; Mark Losleben; Andrew D. Richardson; Alyssa Rosemartin; Mark D. Schwartz; Kathryn A. Thomas; Jake F. Weltzin; Bruce E. Wilson.
Phenology is one of the most sensitive biological responses to climate change, and recent changes in phenology have the potential to shake up ecosystems. In some cases, it appears they already are. Thus, for ecological reasons it is critical that we improve our understanding of species&amp;#x2019; phenologies and how these phenologies are responding to recent, rapid climate change. Phenological events like flowering and bird migrations are easy to observe, culturally important, and, at a fundamental level, naturally inspire human curiosity&amp;#x2014; thus providing an excellent opportunity to engage citizen scientists. The USA National Phenology Network has recently initiated a national effort to encourage people at different levels of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3695/version/1

Less is more: rarity trumps quality in luxury markets
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Agnes Gault; Yves Meinard; Franck Courchamp.
The international market for luxury goods has almost doubled since 1990, with a worldwide increase of 10% annually. This trade is fuelled by a great deal of legally and illegally exploited wildlife species, putting enormous pressure on many of them, with potentially irreversible consequences. The dramatic decline of sturgeon populations exploited for their caviar, is a good example: all 27 species are threatened and the most coveted are on the verge of extinction. We aim to identify the mechanism responsible for the continued overexploitation of sturgeon species, despite caviar&amp;#x27;s ever-increasing price and the imminent loss of these species. Here, we demonstrate consumer preference for rarity over intrinsic quality: customers tasting two caviar...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1690/version/1

Laboratory and field evaluation for the resistance of commonly used woods against _Coptotermes heimi_ (Wasmann).
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Farkhanda  Manzoor; Nadeem Sheikh; Asma  Zawar.
The current study was conducted to evaluate the resistance of four wood species (_Azadirachta indica_, _Pinus roxberghii_, _Dalbergia sissoo_ and _Populus deltoides_) against subterranean termite species _Coptotermes heimi_ by choice and no choice field and laboratory trials. Of these four wood species  _P. roxberghii_ and  _D. sissoo_ proved to be most resistant to termite attack. Taken together these results we can conclude that _D. sissoo_ is the least preferred and _P. deltoides_ is the most preferred wood by the _C. heimi_. The data obtained from the field choice and no-choice the woods are arranged in order of preference DS&amp;#x3e;PR&amp;#x3e;AI&amp;#x3e;PD whereas in laboratory choice and no-choice trials the order of preference was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4485/version/1

Family values: Maternal care in rattlesnakes is more than mere attendance
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Melissa Amarello; Jeffrey J. Smith; John Slone.
Parental care is important in many diverse taxa because of its positive impact on the parent&amp;#x27;s fitness.  Relatively simple forms of parental care, such as female attendance and defense, which is present in many squamate reptiles, will likely provide insight into the evolution of more complex forms observed in crocodilians, birds, and mammals. Historically, observations of adult and newborn rattlesnakes in close proximity were dismissed as mere coincidence of live-birth, and only recently acknowledged as examples of parental care. In 2010, we monitored 11 pregnant Arizona black rattlesnakes (_Crotalus cerberus_): 4 solitary individuals and 2 aggregations composed of three and four individuals.  We documented various forms of parental care,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6671/version/1

Do enzyme activities during decomposition follow predicted patterns? A test of the conceptual model of litter decay.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Zachary L. Rinkes; Michael N. Weintraub; Jared L. DeForest; Daryl L. Moorhead.
Surprisingly, there remains a paucity of research examining specific interactions between the relationship between microbial community behavior and plant litter chemistry during decomposition. A more mechanistic understanding of the relationship between these drivers will ultimately help determine the trajectory of litter decomposition and the conditions in which soils serve as either a source or sink for atmospheric C. In order to examine these relationships, a laboratory incubation was established using _Acer saccharum_ litter and a sandy soil (&amp;#x3c; 1.5% organic matter). Extracellular enzyme activities ([BETA]-glucosidase, N-acetyl glucosaminidase, leucine-amino peptidase, acid phosphatase, phenol oxidase, and peroxidase) were monitored on a...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6226/version/1

Differences of morphological and ecological characters among lineages of Chilean Rhinocryptidae in relation an sister lineage of  Furnariidae.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alejandro Correa Rueda; Jorge Mpodozis; Michel Sallaberry.
Eight species of Rhinocryptidae are recognized from Chile. Moreover, morphological, ecological and behavioral differences  among two lineages of  Scytalopus  and two species of Pteroptochos are  unclear. According to our results, there are no decisive criteria differentiating among subspecific sister taxa of Scelorchilus  albicollis, S.rubecula and Pteroptochos megapodius. Here we discuss the speciation of the chilean Rhinocryptidae based in their behaviour and we carried out an integrated analysis with specie outgroup Cinclodes oustaleti (Furnariidae). We propose  a new methodology  based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1606/version/3

Diet of Northern Map Turtles (_Graptemys geographica_): Relationship to Sexual Dimorphism and Potential Impacts of an Altered River System in Maryland
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Teal Richards-Dimitrie; Richard Seigel.
Last recorded in Maryland in the early 1990&amp;#x2019;s, the Northern Map Turtle (_Graptemys geographica_) is listed as state endangered and is currently only known in the lower Susquehanna River drainage. This river is divided by a hydroelectric dam, used for recreation, and has increasing shoreline development, all of which may negatively impact this population. Knowing this population&amp;#x2019;s diet and if alterations to the river affect their prey base is important to understanding the species&amp;#x2019; current status. Northern Map Turtles are mostly molluscivorous but will also consume other invertebrates. Studies have shown that map turtle species will subsidize their diet with invasive mussels, potentially decreasing dietary diversity. The...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4840/version/1

Sisseton Wahpeton College Student Internship &amp;#x2013; Learning About Water Quality Assessment, Geospatial Technologies, Landuse Classification and Statistical Analysis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brendon  Barker; Destinee  Eastman; Steven  Farmer, Jr.
Three student interns from Sisseton Wahpeton College and their advisor Karla Witt worked with researchers from South Dakota State University to explore the hypothesis that satellite imagery could be used as a tool to evaluate water quality in lakes on the Sisseton Wahpeton Reservation. Interns constructed their own Secchi disks and used them to measure transparency in lakes and mark the locations with a global positioning system (GPS) on days when satellite imagery was available. A geographic information system (GIS) was used to relate field measurements to satellite images. The students also conducted monthly water quality sampling on Pickerel, Enemy Swim and Clear Lakes to determine current trophic state. Existing land use maps for Pickerel Lake were...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5340/version/1

Finite Predation Rate: a Novel Parameter for the Quantitative Measurement of Predation Potential of Predator at Population Level
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hsin Chi; De-Fen Mou; Hossein Allahyari; Jih-Zu Yu; Yu-Bing Huang; Ta-Chi Yang; Roya Farhadi; Majid Gholizadeh.
Demography and population growth are the most important subjects of population ecology and economics. Finite and intrinsic growth rates have been used as standard parameters for describing and comparing growth potentials of populations. The predation potentials of predator populations or consumption potentials of consumer populations cannot be properly described using these growth rates alone. A standard parameter is needed for the description of the predation or consumption potential, as well as for the quantitative evaluation of a predator population in an ecosystem or biological control program. We show that the finite predation rate can be the standard parameter by linking the finite rate, the stable age-stage distribution, and the age-stage specific...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6651/version/1

Soil Microbial Biomass And Activity In A Cork Oak Savanna
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Maria C. Caldeira; David Fangueiro; Xavier Lecomte; Miguel N. Bugalho; Jo&amp;#xe3;o P. Coutinho; Jo&amp;#xe3;o S. Pereira.
Cork oak savannas are composed by a sparse tree canopy (30-70 trees/ha) and a grassland understory predominantly composed of C3 annuals that survive the hot and dry Mediterranean summers as seeds in the soil. Microbial communities can be more or less efficient at converting organic substrates into microbial biomass carbon depending on the quantity and quality of organic matter inputs. The cork oak savannas have two distinct types of plant litter that can affect soil microbial biomass and activity differently: herbaceous litter and the more recalcitrant woody plant litter resulting from the trees. Spatial variability of soil microbial biomass and activity due to the tree-grassland component of cork oak savannas were evaluated in order to better understand...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5401/version/1

Telomeres in Evolution and Development from Biosemiotic Perspective
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Guenther Witzany.
Telomeres identify natural chromosome ends being different from broken DNA through differences in their &amp;#x22;molecular syntax&amp;#x22; (M.Eigen) which determines the functions of reverse transcriptase and its integrated RNA template, telomerase. Although telomeres play a crucial role in the linear chromosome organization of eukaryotic cells, their molecular syntax descended from an ancient retroviral competence. This is an indicator for the early retroviral colonization of large double stranded DNA viruses, which are putative ancestors of the eukaryotic nucleus.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;This talk will demonstrate certain advantages of the biosemiotic approach towards our evolutionary understanding of telomeres: focus on the genetic/genomic structures as...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/932/version/1

Exploitation, secondary extinction and the altered trophic structure of Jamaican coral reefs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter D. Roopnarine; Rachel A. Hertog.
Coral reef communities of the Greater Antilles in the Caribbean have a long history of anthropogenic disturbance, driven by the exploitation for food of both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Exploitation, coupled with region wide declines of coral environments has resulted in local and regional vertebrate extinctions. The impact of those extinctions on reef communities, however, remains largely unexplored. Here we show, using a highly resolved model coral reef-seagrass food web, that at least 40 of 188 expected vertebrate species are absent from Jamaican coral reefs. Twenty one of the absent species are of high trophic level and are exploited by humans. The remainder of the absent species are unexploited, and comprises a significantly high proportion...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4186/version/1

Hypercytokinemia: Increased or decreased innate immunity?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Milind Watve; Sonam  Mandani; Prajakta Belsare.
The adipose tissue is an active endocrine organ which secretes proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines resulting into raised serum levels. Hypercytokinemia has been interpreted as raised level of innate immunity and its evolution is interpreted as a response to increased chances of infection under starvation conditions in which the thrifty phenotype evolved. If starvation and infection challenges co-occurred during hunter gatherer life, thrifty genotype and infection resistant genotype may have co-evolved. An inherent weakness of this explanation is that in obesity or insulin resistance there is no evidence of increased resistance to infections. The raised levels of inflammatory cytokines have not been demonstrated to combat infections or enhance wound...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Immunology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2710/version/1

A unified mechanistic model of niche, neutrality and violation of the competitive exclusion principle
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev V. Kalmykov; Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
The origin of species richness is one of the most widely discussed questions in ecology. The absence of unified mechanistic model of competition makes difficult our deep understanding of this subject. Here we show such a two-species competition model that unifies (i) a mechanistic niche model, (ii) a mechanistic neutral (null) model and (iii) a mechanistic violation of the competitive exclusion principle. Our model is an individual-based cellular automaton. We demonstrate how two trophically identical and aggressively propagating species can stably coexist in one stable homogeneous habitat without any trade-offs in spite of their 10% difference in fitness. Competitive exclusion occurs if the fitness difference is significant (approximately more than 30%)....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7089/version/1

Microbial adaptations to envrionmental change: a moving target for global change ecology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew D. Wallenstein; Sarah Evans.
Background/Question/Methods &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;As the abiotic conditions that structure biological communities and elicit physiological responses continue to change at an unprecedented rate, we need to understand how biological responses to global change will affect ecosystem functioning. A number of studies have detected shifts in the structure of microbial communities in response to experimental warming, elevated CO2 altered&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;precipitation, and increased N deposition. However, since the links between microbial phylogeny and function are poorly understood, it can be challenging to predict how these changes in community structure will affect the rates of specific processes. It is often assumed that the high diversity of microbial communities...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5510/version/1

Field Trial Experiment Of Artificial Diet On Tasar Silkworm, Anthereaea myltta D.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alok Sahay; Subrat Satpathy; Shashi Sharan.
An indoor and outdoor experiment was conducted at Shyamsunderpur, Mayurbhanj, Odhisa to test the efficacy of the artificial diet, Tasar Amrit on the young aged Antheraea mylitta silkworm larvae. The results of the experiment reveal that survival and effective rate of rearing (ERR) was higher when larvae were brushed on Tasar Amrit (75 and 42.45%) in contrast to complete outdoor rearing (44 and 33.56 %). Uniform moulting was also observed in the larvae fed with Tasar Amrit.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6701/version/1

The study of the umbilical system in planktonic foraminifera in relation with depth of the Ziarat-kola section at the Maastrichtian, Central Alborz, IRAN
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Meysam Shafiee Ardestani; Behnaz Balmaki; Massod Asgharian.
The main aim of this research is study of the planktonic foraminifera morphogroups distinction genus to perform by changing the umbilicus area in Ziarat-kola section to find novel results. Therefore, original objection at this research considers the cause of organizing umbilicus structures (Lip, Portici, Tegilla) at this protests. it seems that phylogeny trend entirely the changes of planktonic foraminifera changing from lip at primary morphogroup to tegilla at development shape which continued this phylogeny trend opening become entirely umbilicus that this trend accompanied to increasing deep. Therefore, the study of planktonic foraminifera morphotype, and recognizing, the obtained results from planktonic foraminifera analysis percent and their...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3342/version/1

Collective Animal Behavior from Bayesian Estimation and Probability Matching
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alfonso Perez-Escudero; Gonzalo de Polavieja.
Animals living in groups make movement decisions that depend, among other factors, on social interactions with other group members. Our present understanding of social rules in animal collectives is based on empirical fits to observations and we lack first-principles approaches that allow their derivation. Here we show that patterns of collective decisions can be derived from the basic ability of animals to make probabilistic estimations in the presence of uncertainty. We build a decision-making model with two stages: Bayesian estimation and probabilistic matching.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In the first stage, each animal makes a Bayesian estimation of which behavior is best to perform taking into account personal information about the environment and social...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5939/version/1

Tuning and regulating the repertoire of glycan determinants
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace; Deborah Wallace.
We apply Tlusty&amp;#x27;s information-theoretic index theorem analysis of the genetic code to the glycome, using a cognitive paradigm by which external information sources constrain and tune the glycan code error network, in the context of available metabolic energy. The model suggests spontaneous symmetry breaking of the glycan code as a function of metabolic energy intensity, an effect that may be currently present, or embedded in evolutionary trajectory, recording large-scale ecosystem resilience shifts in energy availability such as the aerobic transition. Once focused on a subset of the glycan error code network however, the glycan production machinery must then be regulated by an elaborate cognitive process to ensure that what is produced matches...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Pharmacology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5932/version/2

Wikis in the classroom: Properties and potential uses of this collaborative learning tool
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jayna L. DeVore; Kristen K. Cecala; John C. Maerz.
Background/Question/Methods &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Student engagement is tied to course performance and information retention.  Shifting the focus of the classroom from a lecture-based approach to a student-centered learning environment is one way to achieve this goal.  One tool that can be used to allow student contribution to the content and direction of a course is a wiki.  Wikis are highly flexible collaborative websites that can be structured to meet course needs and allow multiple users to contribute to site content. They provide a platform where real-time editing can be performed in a flexible &amp;#x27;topical&amp;#x27; format.  They are intended to promote group learning through collaboration rather than isolated reflection, and can provide another...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5244/version/1

Potential pathways of indole acetic acid (IAA) biosynthesis in Euphorbia abyssinica
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Raf Aerts; Els Prinsen; Bart Muys.
Desert candle (_Euphorbia abyssinica_ J.F. Gmel.) (further referred to as EAG) is a succulent tree of dry deciduous and evergreen montane forest, woodland and shrub savanna.  It occurs widely throughout dryland Africa, where it is appreciated as a live fence because it is easily propagated from untreated mature branch cuttings.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Earlier we argued that the ability of large EAG branches to regenerate with ease in dry soil may be related to the natural plant growth regulator hormone indole acetic acid (IAA) contained in the latex of the plant.  EAG latex samples from northern Ethiopia (n = 3) that were chemically analyzed contained on average 0.06 mg/l latex, as well as the IAA metabolites indole lactate (ILA) and indole ethanol (IEt).  One...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2212/version/1

The Evolution Ontology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Adam M. Goldstein.
Existing ontologies model components of evolution, but none synthesize them or describe the framework of ideas used to conceptualize evolution. The Evolution Ontology (EO) aims to do just this. EO models processes (e.g. natural selection); contexts (e.g. habitats); the entities that undergo evolution; and the theories, methods, and disciplines of evolutionary science. Uses include data curation, data mining, and literature curation, EO&amp;#x2019;s developers working on the latter two for works of Darwin and the Biodiversity Heritage Library.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3557/version/1

Population genomics of domestic and wild yeasts
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David M. Carter; Gianni Liti; Alan M. Moses; Leopold Parts; Stephen A. James; Robert P. Davey; Ian N. Roberts; Anders Blomberg; Jonas Warringer; Austin Burt; Vassiliki Koufopanou; Isheng J. Tsai; Casey M. Bergman; Douda Bensasson; Michael J. T. O&amp;#x27;Kelly; Alexander van Oudenaarden; David B. H. Barton; Elizabeth Bailes; Matthew Jones; Michael A. Quail; Ian Goodhead; Sarah Sims; Frances Smith; Richard Durbin; Edward Louis.
The natural genetics of an organism is determined by the distribution of sequences of its genome. Here we present one- to four-fold, with some deeper, coverage of the genome sequences of over seventy isolates of the domesticated baker&amp;#x27;s yeast, _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_, and its closest relative, the wild _S. paradoxus_, which has never been associated with human activity. These were collected from numerous geographic locations and sources (including wild, clinical, baking, wine, laboratory and food spoilage). These sequences provide an unprecedented view of the population structure, natural (and artificial) selection and genome evolution in these species. Variation in gene content, SNPs, indels, copy numbers and transposable elements provide...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1988/version/1

Bottom-up and top-down effects on algal community dynamics in an aridland river:  the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico&amp;#xb;
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ayesha S. Burdett; Rebecca J. Bixby.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In this study, we examined interactive effects of nutrient availability, river flow and food web structure on algal growth and species composition in the Middle Rio Grande, New Mexico. Algal community dynamics can be affected by both bottom-up and top-down factors. Algal production may be limited by low levels of nutrients or low light availability. Conversely, production is expected to increase when nutrient levels are high and light availability is not limited.  Top-down factors such as grazing by invertebrates can also alter periphyton growth and community composition. Generally, a reduction in grazers results in periphyton biomass increases and shifts in growth forms (to more upright...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3664/version/1

Intraspecific variability drives diversity in food webs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carlos J. Melian; Cesar Vilas; Francisco Baldo; Enrique Gonzalez-Ortegon; Pilar Drake; Richard Williams.
Biodiversity theories neglect individual-level variability in ecological interactions even though empirical work has revealed considerable genetic and phenotypic variation among individuals in natural populations. This impedes assessing the impact of individual-level variability on biodiversity in multi-trophic ecosystems. Here we use a density-dependent and individual-based food web model, tested against the largest individual-based food web to date, to show that non-random intraspecific variation in prey selection alters species diversity in food webs. Predators consuming many prey increase diversity by preferentially selecting common prey; predators consuming few prey inhibit diversity by preferentially selecting rare prey, putting them at risk of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6251/version/1

Environmental modelling and Web 2.0 - using Connotea to share XML-represented information
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert Muetzelfeldt.
Much academic information can be represented in a structured way and published on the web as XML documents.   Such information can then be displayed in a wide variety of ways, using different XSLT stylesheets.   &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;This presentation presents MultiGuise, a Web application which allows any of several XML documents to be displayed using any of several stylesheets.   Both the documents and the stylesheets are bookmarked in Connotea, from where MultiGuise retrieves them using a special tag.   This approach means that anyone can add documents and stylesheets, simply by bookmarking them in Connotea.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The approach is illustrated primarily with environmental models represented in XML, but also with...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/18/version/1

Integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics into environmental enzymology:  the next frontier or fool&amp;#x27;s gold?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew D. Wallenstein.
Extracellular enzymes are widely measured as indices of microbial activity, resource allocation, and substrate availability.  However, interpretation of enzyme activities is hampered by a limited understanding of controls on enzyme production, turnover, and in-situ activity.  In part, this is the consequence of methodological limitations, which require artificial substrates and are conducted under conditions that differ from in situ conditions.  Recently, new tools have emerged that have potential to provide new insights into microbial enzymology. Will these methods open a new frontier in enzymology research, or will they only result in the discovery of fool&amp;#x2019;s gold? I will highlight how genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic tools...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6159/version/1

Electronic Nose Technology to Measure Soil Microbial Activity and Classify Soil Metabolic Status
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fabrizio De Cesare; Elena Di Mattia; Simone Pantalei; Emiliano Zampetti; Vittorio Vinciguerra; Antonella Macagnano.
The electronic nose (E-nose) is a sensing technology that has been widely used to monitor environments in the last decade. In the present study, the capability of an E-nose, in combination with biochemical and microbiological techniques, of both detecting the microbial activity and estimating the metabolic status of soil ecosystems, was tested by measuring on one side respiration, enzyme activities and growth of bacteria in natural but simplified soil ecosystems over 23 days of incubation through traditional methodologies, and on the other side VOCs and/or gases evolution in their headspace during the same period through the E-nose. Both kinds of measurements, i.e. biochemical-microbiological and sensorial, succeeded in discriminating between inoculated...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6364/version/1

Local winter deer density: Effects of forest structure and snow in a managed forest landscape
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James D. A. Millington; Michael B. Walters; Megan S. Matonis; Jianguo Liu.
*Background/Questions/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;White-tailed deer (_Odocoileus virginianus_) are a &amp;#x2018;keystone herbivore&amp;#x2019; with the potential to cause tree regeneration failure and greatly affect vegetation dynamics, stand structure and ecological function of forests across eastern North America. In northern mixed conifer-hardwood forests, local winter-time deer populations are dependent on habitat characterized by patterns of forest cover that provide shelter from snow and cold temperatures (lowland conifer stands) in close proximity to winter food (deciduous hardwood stands). Stand structure may also influence winter spatial deer distribution. Consequently, modification of forest cover patterns and stand structure by timber harvesting...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3666/version/1

Robustness of self-organised systems to changes in individual level behaviour: an example from real and simulated self-organised snail aggregations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Richard Stafford; Mark S. Davies; Gray A. Williams.
Perfect behaviours that are optimal to the environment an agent operates within rarely exist in real animals or in robotic systems. The costs (be they biological or economic) of building sensors and processing the information they capture become excessive compared to the small advantages that occur from the modifications of behaviour. Many self-organised systems are thought to change their properties as a result of changes in individual behaviour. Here, using both natural systems and computer simulations, we demonstrate that intertidal snail aggregations slightly decrease in size when individuals forage for shorter periods due to hotter and more desiccating conditions &amp;#x2013; a non-optimal behaviour for the snails since aggregation reduces desiccation...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3922/version/1

Trichoplax, the simplest known animal, contains an estrogen-related receptor: Implications for the evolution of vertebrate and invertebrate estrogen receptors
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker.
Although, as their names imply, vertebrate and invertebrate estrogen receptors [ERs] and estrogen-related receptors [ERRs] are related transcription factors, their evolutionary relationships to each other are not fully understood.  We searched recently sequenced genome of _Trichoplax_, the simplest known animal, and genomes from three lophotrochozoans: _Capitella_, a worm, _Helobdella robusta_, a leech, and _Lottia gigantea_, a snail, to elucidate the origins and evolution of ERs and ERRs.  BLAST found an ERR in _Trichoplax_, but no ER.  BLAST searches of the lophotrochozaons found ERRs in all three and invertebrate ERs in _Capitella_ and _Lottia_, but not in _Helobdella_.  These database searches and a phylogenetic analyses indicate that invertebrate ERs...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1863/version/1

Generalized Theory of Life
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
The paper is mathematically, physically and biologically inspired - it is a deductive attempt of the biologist to find the most appropriate language for modelling of life. Applications of mathematical structures - groupoids, groups, categories, functors and monads, which are the most effective for the description of the complex objects, are discussed. Some new conceptions and interpretations were introduced: unified classification of complex systems; the generalized conception about stationary states of any autonomous agent (&amp;#x22;Statology&amp;#x22;); the total quantitative criterions of evolutionary direction; the generalized group of symmetry. The definitions of information, entropy, organization, behavior, evolution, creation, life, culture,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7108/version/1

Phyloclimatic Modelling Can Estimate Ancestral Areas
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chris Yesson; Alastair Culham.
Ancestral area selection is traditionally based on geographic patterns analyzed alongside phylogenetic data. The approach assumes consistent climate and will only select areas from within present day distributions. The combination of observed distribution and inferred climate preferences have been used to determine the potential distribution of species in the past, present and future. The heritability of environmental niches, based on climate preferences, has been demonstrated, and ancestral niches have been reconstructed using phylogenetic techniques. These techniques can be combined to estimate ancestral areas. Ancestral area selection via environmental preference differs from traditional methods, as areas which are outside the current observed...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/478/version/1

A test of _psbK-psbI_ and _atpF-atpH_ as potential plant DNA barcodes using the flora of the Kruger National Park (South Africa) as a model system
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Renaud R. Y. Lahaye; Vincent Savolainen; Sylvie Duthoit; Olivier  Maurin; Michelle van der Bank.
A DNA barcode consists of a standardized short sequence of DNA (400-800bp) used to identify the taxonomic species a small organic fragment belongs to. Even though it has been easy to discriminate animal species by using the mitochondrial gene _cox1_, this is still difficult for plants seeing that the mitochondrial genome is not variable enough on the species level. During the Second International Barcode of Life Conference in Tapei (September 2007), different plastid regions were proposed as potential plant DNA barcodes, such as _atpF-atpH_ and _psbK-psbI_, but no consensus on which region to use was reached during the meeting. The largest plant DNA barcoding study to date proposed _matK_ as the best candidate and suggested that in combination with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1896/version/1

Ecology of Environmental Education: Feedbacks, Education, and Resilience
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Keith G Tidball; Marianne  Krasny.
The ecology education community has focused on the suite of knowledge and competencies that constitute environmental literacy, including self-knowledge, evidence-based habits of mind, and ecological concepts and connections (Jordan et al., 2009). Whereas the environmental education (EE) community also is concerned with knowledge, it further embraces goals related to changing attitudes and behavior. In both of these sub-disciplines, educational researchers most often focus on outcomes of specific interventions. Less attention has been paid to the interrelations among the ecological or environmental education activities themselves and the larger social-ecological system. This poster will explore the notion of an ecology of EE, and will attempt to situate EE...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5199/version/1

Human metabolic adaptations and prolonged expensive neurodevelopment: A review
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John R. Skoyles.
1.&amp;#x9;After weaning, human hunter-gatherer juveniles receive substantial (&amp;#x2248;3.5-7 MJ day^-1^), extended (&amp;#x2248;15 years) and reliable (kin and nonkin food pooling) energy provision.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;2.&amp;#x9;The childhood (pediatric) and the adult human brain takes a very high share of both basal metabolic rate (BMR) (child: 50-70%; adult: &amp;#x2248;20%) and total energy expenditure (TEE) (child: 30-50%; adult: &amp;#x2248;10%).&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;3.&amp;#x9;The pediatric brain for an extended period (&amp;#x2248;4-9 years-of-age) consumes roughly 50% more energy than the adult one, and after this, continues during adolescence, at a high but declining rate. Within the brain, childhood cerebral gray matter has an even higher 1.9 to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1856/version/1

Development of Incentives for Data Sharing in Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Clifford S. Duke.
Ready access to data is a key concern in both basic research and problem-solving in the biological sciences, as the scale and scope of the questions that researchers ask expand, and as global problems demand data collected from around the world. With a grant from the National Science Foundation, from 2004 through 2009, the Ecological Society of America (ESA) has led a series of five workshops on data sharing, to help the ecology, evolution, and organismal biology communities find common ground on how to make data more readily discoverable and accessible in their own disciplines. The most recent of these focused in the development of incentives for data sharing, both at the individual and organizational level. This presentation will summarize the workshop...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3647/version/1

Spatial Variability in Soil Microbial Communities in a Nitrogen-Saturated Hardwood Forest Watershed
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Frank S. Gilliam.
The long-term reference watershed (WS4), at Fernow Experimental Forest, West Virginia, displays symptoms of N saturation despite considerable spatial heterogeneity in soil properties, such as texture, N pools, and cycling rates. We identified a weathering gradient of three sites within WS4 by assessing differences in clay content across a common geologic substrate. Across these sites (LN, MN, and HN), NO3 production rates vary significantly (low, medium, and high nitrification, respectively) and are negatively related to clay content. It is unknown whether microbial communities vary across these sites and contribute to variability in NO3 production. This study characterized soil microbial communities along this gradient and assessed factors potentially...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5219/version/1

Reconsidering the New Normal: Trauma, Vulnerability &amp;#x26; Resilience in Post-Katrina New Orleans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael J. Blum; Kevin Gotham; John  A. McLachlan; Wayne Zipperer; Richard Campanella.
Traumatic anthropogenic or natural disasters can redefine the ecological and social diversity of cities, with &amp;#x22;new normal&amp;#x22; conditions often emerging in post-trauma urban landscapes. The objective of our ULTRA project is to examine how the pace and trajectory of recovery in post-Katrina New Orleans reflect ecological and social diversity. Specifically, we are examining potential parallels and interactions between ecological and social diversity within and among neighborhoods, and across the New Orleans metropolitan area. We are doing so by (1) organizing and coordinating a network of scholars and practitioners to exchange experience and knowledge and thereby advance understanding of connections between diversity and recovery in post-trauma...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6246/version/1

Plant species diversity and genetic diversity interactively influence community properties and ecosystem processes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kerri M. Crawford; Jennifer  A. Rudgers.
Background/Questions/Methods:  Biodiversity is a critical element of community properties and ecosystem processes.  Both plant species richness and genetic diversity positively affect processes ranging from primary production, ecosystem stability, and the maintenance of diversity.  In nature, it is likely that species diversity and genetic diversity interactively affect how communities are structured and ecosystems function.  However, the relative contribution of species diversity and genetic diversity to ecological processes has been rarely documented, and potential interactions between the two levels of diversity have not been investigated.  Here, I report results from a common garden experiment conducted in a coastal freshwater dune habitat at Sleeping...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5242/version/1

Trichoplax, the simplest known animal, contains an estrogen-related receptor but no estrogen receptor: Implications for estrogen receptor evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker.
Although, as their names imply, estrogen receptors [ERs] and estrogen-related receptors [ERRs] are related transcription factors, their evolutionary relationships to each other are not fully understood.  To elucidate the origins and evolution of ERs and ERRs, we searched for their orthologs in the recently sequenced genome of _Trichoplax_, the simplest known animal, and in the genomes of three lophotrochozoans: _Capitella_, an annelid worm, _Helobdella robusta_, a leech, and _Lottia gigantea_, a snail.  BLAST searches found an ERR in _Trichoplax_, but no ER.  BLAST searches also found ERRs in all three lophotrochozoans and invertebrate-like ERs in _Capitella_ and _Lottia_, but not in _Helobdella_.  Unexpectedly we find that the _Capitella_ ER sequence is...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2170/version/1

Web 2.0 and the ever elusive balance between information explosion and data mining
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Abhay Krishna.
In a fascinating tussle of perspectives in Volume 6 and issue no 3 of april 2008 Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, Martin A Nu&amp;#xf1;ez and Gregory M Crustinger enlist ways to brace up with the recent literature. They advocate that PhD students should choose a well studied system to have better chances of success. On the other side of this fascinating tussle Daniel Simberloff and Nathan J Sanders agree with there enthusiastic case and approaches for bracing up with the recent literature. However, they disagree with the play safe strategy of start-ups in ecology and evolution.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;For me this tussle of perspectives is really fascinating. It underlines the story of our times. In the times of information explosion, should...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1959/version/1

Spatial correlation as an early warning signal for transitions in ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vasilis Dakos; Egbert van Nes; Marten Scheffer.
An increasing number of sudden transformations triggered by small forces has been identified in a variety of ecological systems. Such changes are usually termed regime shifts between alternative states and their unexpected nature makes them challenging to handle from a management perspective. In the face of our limited mechanistic insight on the dynamics of such transitions, developing generic early warning signals for ecosystem regime shifts becomes a formidable task. So far, most of the research has focused on developing potential early warnings in simple models which ignore spatial interactions. In this work we spatially extended three well studied models that belong to the class of systems which undergo regime shifts through a fold bifurcation. All...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3858/version/1

A Meta-analysis of Studies on Plant Growth Rate and Allocation to Roots and Shoots
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel R. Taub.
I performed a meta-analysis of studies examining the relationships among nutrient availability, plant growth rate and allocation to roots vs. shoots. Species characteristic of high fertility habits grew faster than species characteristic of less fertile habitats. While species were highly plastic in root/shoot ratio, there was a strong correlation in root/shoot across fertility levels when plants were grown across fertility gradients. This suggests that the proportional mass allocation to roots is a consistent characteristic of individual species relative to other species. There was no consistent relationship between allocation to roots and either growth rate or the fertility of habitats that species typically are found in.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/185/version/1

Host factors affecting abomasal parasites in Alpine Ibex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roberta  Ceccarelli; Valentina Valenti; Paolo Lanfranchi; Nicola Ferrari.
Alpine ibex is characterized by strong sexual differences, both morphological and in population dynamics. Host sex has been shown to strongly affect parasite load with males usually more infected than females. Moreover ibex exhibit a peculiar pattern of survival with subadult males having a slow growing rate coupled with high survival which rapidly decline in old individual. This peculiar life history has been suggested to have been developed as adaptation to an harsh environment. In this way by investing fewer resources in growing the ibex can direct more energy in survival. At the same time the investment in immunodefence can change over the age. To verify the hypothesis that sex and age affect parasite infection, we analysed the abomasal parasite...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3805/version/1

GillespieSSA: A user-friendly stochastic simulation package for R
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mario Pineda-Krch.
GillespieSSA is a package for the statistical computing and graphics language and environment R. GillespieSSA provides a simple to use and extensible interface to several stochastic simulation algorithms for generating simulated trajectories of finite population continuous-time model. Currently it implements Gillespie&amp;#x2019;s exact stochastic simulation algorithm (Direct method) and several approximate methods (Explicit tau-leap, Binomial tau-leap, and Optimized tau-leap). The package also contains a library of template models that can be run as demo models and can easily be customized and extended. Currently the following models are included, decaying-dimerization reaction set, linear chain system, logistic growth model, Lotka predator-prey model,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3673/version/1

Resilience in urban socioecological systems: residential water management as a driver of biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Madhusudan Katti; Bradley Schleder.
Cities are unique ecosystems where human social-economic-cultural activities prominently shape the landscape, influencing the distribution and abundance of other species, and consequent patterns of biodiversity. The long-term sustainability of cities is of increasing concern as they continue to grow, straining infrastructure and pushing against natural resources constraints. A key resource is water, esp. in the more rapidly urbanizing arid regions. Understanding water management is thus critical for a deeper theoretical understanding of urban ecosystems and for effective urban policy. Landscaping and irrigation at any urban residence is a product of local geophysical/ecological conditions, homeowners&amp;#x2019; cultural preferences, socioeconomic status,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4138/version/1

African wild ungulates compete with or facilitate cattle depending on season
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wilfred O. Odadi; Moses Karachi; Shaukat Abdulrazak; Truman Young.
Savanna ecosystems are vital for both economic and biodiversity values. In savannas worldwide, management decisions are based on the concept that wildlife and livestock compete for grassland resources[1-4], yet there are virtually no experimental data to support this assumption[1]. Specifically, the critical assessment of whether or not wild ungulates alter livestock performance (e.g., weight gain, reproduction or survival) has rarely been carried out, although diminished performance is an essential prerequisite for inferring competition[1]. Here we use a large-scale experiment in a semi-arid savanna in Kenya to show that wild ungulates do depress cattle performance (weight gain) during the dry season, indicating a competitive effect, but enhance cattle...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4828/version/1

Hunter-gatherers in a howling wilderness: Neoliberal capitalism as a language that speaks itself
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
The &amp;#x27;self-referential&amp;#x27; character of evolutionary process noted by Goldenfeld and Woese (2010) can be restated in the context of a generalized Darwinian theory applied to economic process through a &amp;#x27;language&amp;#x27; model: The underlying inherited and learned culture of the firm, the short-time cognitive response of the firm to patterns of threat and opportunity that is sculpted by that culture, and the embedding socioeconomic environment, are represented as interacting information sources constrained by the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory. If unregulated, the larger, compound, source that characterizes high probability evolutionary paths of this composite then becomes, literally, a self-dynamic language that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5650/version/1

Eco-evolutionary consequences of road adjacency and road salt on the wood frog, Rana sylvatica
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steven P. Brady.
The network of roads on the landscape is vast, and has wide-reaching ecological influence. Recent investigations have focused on understanding impacts of contaminants from road runoff, especially deicing agents such as road salt. Despite growing research concerning ecological impacts of roads, our understanding of long-term consequences remains nascent. This stems in part from a dearth of investigations, and in part because ecological research typically ignores evolution on contemporary timescales. Yet reports of evolution influencing ecological outcomes are growing, suggesting this influence may be the rule rather than the exception. This may be especially true for species with spatially structured populations. For amphibians, such structuring coupled...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3674/version/1

Occurrence Of Ascidian _Molgula Sp_. From The Coastal Waters Of Visakhapatnam, India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Veena Shettigar; Kaladharan P.
A specimen of solitary ascidian _Molgula sp._, collected from seaweeds growing at Thotlakonda beach, Visakhapatnam is reported for the first time from Visakhapatnam coast of Indian waters.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4953/version/1

The architecture of predator-prey and the relationship between complexity and stability
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Karen Luz Burgoa Rosso; Jose Alberto Nogales Vera; Lucas Faria; Iraziet Charret; Chrystian Paixao.
Theoretical studies predict that the stability of an ecosystem is negatively correlated with its complexity, measured by the number of interacting species. On the other hand, empirical evidence indicates that food webs are highly interconnected. In this manuscript we present results on the stability two-level predator-prey food webs. We analyzed exhaustively all possible topologies of connections among species. Our findings show that those food webs fall into two classes with clearly distinct stability properties. In one of them stability is negatively correlated with complexity, and in the other group stability is positively correlated. For a positive relationship our results reveals highly structured food webs. The positive or negative relationship is...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4396/version/1

Study of Fish Weight Loss in Solar Dryer Across Different Agro-Ecological Zones of Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Julius Olokor; Emeka Ugoala; Adenike Ibitoye.
Drying sessions were conducted across Nigeria to study the interaction between fish weight loss and the meteorological parameters. Correlation analyses using weight loss values show that latitude is strongly related (r =+0.96) to weight loss of fish inside the dryer while altitude had a weak relationship (r = +0.24) with weight loss. The results show that New Bussa recorded more weight loss of fish than Jos, despite their uniform latitude. Weight loss records in Jos, was however better than those of Warri and Ibadan.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3018/version/1

A model explaining  some bryozoan colonies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dawid Mazurek.
Although the colonialism surely developed independently in Graptolithoidea and Bryozoa, both groups share  similar patterns of astogeny. One of the common features is the presence of morphological gradients. Many attempts at its explanation were made for more than a half of the century. This paper discusses a new model of the  late astogeny in some bryozoan colonies, showing a cyclic reappearance of secondary zones of astogenetic change and astogenetic repetition that cannot be explained by the single morphogen gradient theory.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1585/version/1

On Asymmetry in Biology and Nature
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
Symmetry has attracted a substantial amount of effort because considerable simplifications are possible in the mathematical and physical treatment of phenomena and natural systems that possess a certain degree of symmetry. Among physical and chemical systems the most widely known are those related to crystals and fluids. Whereas crystals have a lattice structure and a symmetry caused by &amp;#x2018;perfect&amp;#x2019; order which can be classified by mathematical symmetry groups, most fluids have an average isotropic, highly-disordered &amp;#x2018;structure&amp;#x2019; that is often considered to be random.Asymmetry is widely encountered in Biology and ecological systems- from amino acids to trees forests, and tribes, from physiological processes to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7134/version/1

Factors influencing impala distribution patterns in Nairobi National Park, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vincent Obade; Eva Clercq.
Monitoring the distribution of wild animals using appropriate methods and survey techniques is essential not only for sustainable management but also to avoid wastage of resources. This study applied remote sensing to investigate the factors influencing the distribution of herbivores in Nairobi National Park, Kenya. Impala was selected as indicator specie for the herbivores within the park, because the population of impala had drastically reduced over time. The influence of food availability, water and disturbance on herbivore presence was investigated. A positive significant statistical relationship between impala population density and feed availability was observed. However, the correlation between impala population density and water distance was...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3799/version/1

Effective denitrification scales predictably with water residence time across diverse systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mark B. Green; Wilfred M. Wollheim; Nandita B. Basu; Gretchen Gettel; P. Suresh Rao; Nathaniel Morse; Robert Stewart.
Nitrogen provides a fundamental building block for life. However, some nitrogen species (e.g., NO~3~) cause water quality degradation and contribute to climatic warming as a greenhouse gas (e.g., N~2~O).  Denitrification is a central process in the nitrogen cycle, transforming water-soluble nitrogen to gaseous nitrogen, thereby removing nitrogen from the system. The factors controlling denitrification are known, yet the general quantitative comparison of controls on denitrification remains a rich area of study. Understanding the relative importance of various controls over denitrification is critical given its biological importance, role in the Earth system, and the current perturbation of the global nitrogen cycle by human activity. We demonstrate that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3520/version/1

Age and origin of enigmatic megaherbs from the subantarctic islands
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steven J. Wagstaff; Ilse Breitwieser; Christopher Quinn; Motomi Ito.
Biogeographic relationships in the southern hemisphere have puzzled biologists for the last two centuries. Once joined to form the supercontinent Gondwana, Africa, Antarctica, Australia, New Zealand and South America are widely separated by the Pacific and Indian oceans. Sir Joseph Hooker was the first to suggest that Antarctica served as a corridor for plant migration not unlike the land-bridges in the northern hemisphere. While the Antarctic flora was largely erased by glaciation during the Pleistocene, at least some of these Antarctic plant communities found refuge on the subantarctic islands. Here we provide support for the hypothesis that giant herbs persisted in the subantactic islands prior to the onset of Pleistocene glaciation, then dispersed...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1272/version/1

The Size-Weight Illusion Is Not an Illusion When Picking the Best Objects to Throw
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Qin Zhu; Geoffrey Bingham.
Heaviness perception involves a misperception of weight known, since the 19th century, as the Size-Weight Illusion ^1^. The larger of two objects of equal mass is reported to be lighter than the smaller when they are lifted. The illusion has been found to be reliable and robust. It persists even when people know that the masses are equal and handle objects properly ^2^. It has been exhibited by children of only 2 years of age ^3,4^. All this suggests that the effect might be intrinsic to humans. Although different hypotheses have been advanced to account for the illusion over the 100+ years it has been studied ^5-11^, its origin remains unknown. More recently, people&amp;#x27;s perception of optimal objects for long distance throwing was found to exhibit a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4584/version/1

_Streptomyces_ sp. as predators of bacteria
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Charushila A. Kumbhar; Milind G. Watve.
Background: The ecological role of actinomycetes and their secondary metabolites is not yet completely understood. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Hypothesis: Actinomycetes and Streptomyces sp. in particular, are non-obligate predators of bacteria in soil. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Evidence: Ability to grow on live bacterial cells as a sole source of nutrients. Prey cell lysis accompanying growth. Circumstantial evidence for the involvement of antimicrobials along with enzymes.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Implications: This finding may open up a new source of novel secondary metabolites from the genus.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1263/version/1

Atmospheric hypoxia limits selection for large body size in insects
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: C Jaco Klok; Jon Harrison.
Recent geological models indicate a marked increase in atmospheric oxygen partial pressure (aPO~2~) to 32 kPa in the Permo-Carboniferous (approx. 300 million years ago), subsequently falling to 13 kPa in the Triassic^1^.These aPO~2~ changes have been hypothesized to cause multiple major evolutionary events^2^ including the appearance and subsequent extinction of giant insects and other taxa^3, 4^. Patterns of increasing tracheal investment in larger insects support this hypothesis^5^, as do observations of positive relationships between aPO~2~ and body size in single- or multi-generational experiments with _Drosophila melanogaster_ and other insects^6^. Large species likely result from many generations of selection for large body size driven by predation,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1831/version/1

The oldest amputation on a Neolithic human skeleton in France
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Cecile Buquet-Marcon; Charlier Philippe; Samzun Anaick.
While &amp;#x27;surgical&amp;#x27; practices such as trepanations are well attested since the first stages of the European Neolithic, the amputation of limbs in Prehistoric periods has not been well-documented until the case presented here. The particularly well-preserved remains of an aged male were recently uncovered in the Neolithic site (4900-4700 BC) of Buthiers-Boulancourt in the vicinity of Paris, France. It was already noticed in situ that the distal part of the left humerus was abnormal and this led us to the hypothesis of a partially healed &amp;#x27;surgical&amp;#x27; amputation.The further investigations reported here confirm a traumatic origin and a partial cicatrisation after surgery, indicating that the patient survived. It also proves the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1278/version/1

Assessing the conservation value of farmland ponds: Use of predictive techniques to identify surrogare groups
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Margherita Gioria.
Background/Question/Methods. Ponds are among the most diverse and yet threatened components of freshwater biodiversity. The conservation of ponds would greatly benefit from the identification of surrogate taxa in preliminary assessments aimed at detecting ponds of potentially high biodiversity value. Vascular plants and water beetles have often been used in pond conservation assessments. To evaluate whether wetland plants are a suitable surrogate group to evaluate pond biodiversity, we used plant, beetle, and environmental data collected from 54 ponds located in two farmed regions in Ireland. Specifically, we aimed at assessing cross-taxon congruence between water beetles and plants; quantifying and comparing the capacity of vegetation data and...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5214/version/1

Molecular Bio-imprinting of Biocatalysts
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Israr  Khan; Muhammad Waheed Akhtar.
Energy conservation is the cry of the day. Attempts are made all over the world to occupy and use energy reserves. Increased industrialization and mechanization has led to the  depletion of natural energy reserves. Its unavoidable to search for renewable sources of energy, which may be not used now but can be used by future generations. We are using the expertise of our ancestors. Thus exploiting the nature and newer techniques in this area would yield the best results. Bio-imprinting is one of those techniques whereby chemical modification is done in order to achieve highly expressed protein which can be stored in its highly active form in the specific solvent.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5665/version/1

Biodiversity is a cauliflower under the sunlight
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roberto Gatti Cazzolla.
For a long time ecologists have questioned the variations of biodiversity across the latitudinal gradient. Recently it has emerged that the changes in [beta]-diversity are caused simply by changes in the sizes of species pools. I combined the species pool size and the fractal nature of ecosystems to clarify some general patterns of this gradient. Considering temperature, humidity and NPP as the main variables of an ecosystem niche and as the axis of the polygon in the Cartesian plane, it is possible to build fractal hypervolumes, whose the fractal dimension rises up to three, moving towards the equator. It follows that the best figure that graphically synthesizes the evolutionary forces that fit this ecosystem hypervolume is the fractal cauliflower.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6917/version/1

Bird pollination of Canary Island endemic plants
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jeff  Ollerton; Louise  Cranmer; Ralph Stelzer; Steve Sullivan; Lars Chittka.
The Canary Islands are home to a guild of endemic, threatened bird pollinated plants.  Previous work has suggested that these plants evolved floral traits as adaptations to pollination by flower specialist sunbirds, but subsequently they appear to be have co-opted passerine birds as sub-optimal pollinators. To test this idea we carried out a quantitative study of the pollination biology of three of the bird pollinated plants, Canarina canariensis (Campanulaceae), Isoplexis canariensis (Veronicaceae) and Lotus berthelotii (Fabaceae), on the island of Tenerife.  Using colour vision models, we predicted the detectability of flowers to bird and bee pollinators. We measured pollinator visitation rates, nectar standing crops, as well as seed set and pollen...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1977/version/1

Natural Diet of an Australian Freshwater Pipefish
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andrew W. Jones; Lars  G. Rudstam; Thomas S. Rayner.
Globally, the family Syngnathidae (seahorses and pipefish) is recognized as being both under threat from anthropogenic pressures and poorly studied. Of the 47 species that are listed on the IUCN Red List, 33 are currently listed as &amp;#x2018;data deficient&amp;#x2019;, with inadequate information available to make an assessment of their risk of extinction. Within Australia, this has prompted environmental assessments of specific fisheries, as well as a number of recent ecological studies of marine syngnathids. However, no work has been published on the continent&amp;#x2019;s four freshwater species. To begin to remedy this, a thorough analysis of the feeding habits of one such species was conducted. Twenty-two specimens of _Hippichthys heptagonus_...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/329/version/1

Invasive Plant (_Microstegium vimineum_) Reduces Abundance and Richness of Insect Communities
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Maria Carolina Simao; Jennifer Rudgers; S. Luke Flory.
Plant invasions are known to have negative impacts on native plant communities, yet their effects on higher trophic levels have not been well documented. Past studies investigating the effects of invasive plants on herbivores and carnivores have been largely observational in nature and thus lack the ability to tease apart whether differences are a cause or consequence of the invasion. In addition, understanding how plant traits and plant species compositions change in invaded habitats may increase our ability to predict when and where invasive plants will have effects that cascade to animals. We experimentally introduced a non-native plant (_Microstegium vimineum_, Japanese stiltgrass) to evaluate impacts on arthropods. We also investigated possible...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3651/version/1

Studies on riverine flora of Pamba river basin, Kerala
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Joby Paul; George K. V.
Riparian forests are ecotonal assemblage of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. The composition of riparian forests of Pamba River is an amalgamation of riverine, evergreen, deciduous and wetland flora. The floristic investigation of the riparian forests of Pamba river basin revealed taxonomically 433 species which include 410 angiosperms, 3 gymnosperms and 20 pteridophytes. The dominant families based on the number of species are Poaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae, Cyperaceae and Fabaceae.  The flora consists of a diverse blend of 99 evergreen, 36 deciduous, 50 wetland, 15 shola-grassland, 46 cultivated and 44 riverine components. The river basin holds 17.5 % endemism and 17 RET species. The riparian tree species identified in the present investigation are...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5135/version/1

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman; Bruce R. Boynton.
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1,2. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300, and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 3. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 4-7. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 8. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/459/version/1

Seasonal priority effects: Implications for invasion and restoration in California coastal sage scrub
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Claire E. Wainwright; Elsa E. Cleland.
Competition from exotic annual grasses (EAGs) threatens native plant communities in California. Coastal sage scrub communities have substantially diminished in area over the last century, in some instances by greater than 90%, while EAGs continue to proliferate. Several mechanisms may explain the success of EAGs, including the suppression of native seedlings by accumulated litter, exhaustion of soil moisture, and low seed production or dispersal of natives. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The timing and magnitude of rainfall plays a significant role in determining the survival and reproduction of plant species in Mediterranean ecosystems. Populations of annuals fluctuate greatly from year to year, corresponding with variability in autumn precipitation. EAGs in...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5224/version/1

The use of Web Ontology Language (OWL) to Combine Extant Controlled Vocabularies in Biodiversity Informatics Appears Redundant
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Roger D. Hyam.
Implementation of PESI requires data to be combined from multiple source databases. Some of the shared fields in the source databases used different controlled vocabularies of terms. OWL DL was investigated as a mechanism to build an extensible, shared ontology of species occurrence terms that permitted the source database to continue using and extending their own vocabularies whilst formally mapping to a more generic shared vocabulary. The merits of this approach were explored and it was concluded that the building of such a complex mapping ontology probably wasn&amp;#x27;t worthwhile. The level of semantic complexity involved outweighed the costs of simply imposing a flat list of well defined terms onto data suppliers. The main problem with exiting...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5168/version/2

Towards a cognitive definition of colour vision
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Peter Skorupski; Lars Chittka.
In recent years, colour vision abilities have been rather generously awarded to vari-ous invertebrates and even bacteria. This uncertainty of when to diagnose colour vi-sion stems in part from confusing what colour vision can do with what it is. What col-our vision can do is discriminate wavelength independent of intensity. However, if we take this as a definition of what colour vision is, then we might indeed be obliged to conclude that some plants and bacteria have colour vision. Moreover, there is a simi-lar confusion of what are necessary and what are sufficient mechanisms and behav-ioural abilities for colour vision. To humans, seeing in colour means seeing an image in which objects/lights have chromatic attributes - in contrast to the sensation that...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1766/version/2

On attraction of slime mould Physarum polycephalum to plants with sedative properties
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andrew Adamatzky.
A plasmodium of acellular slime mould Physarum polycephalum is a large single cell with many nuclei. Presented to a configuration of attracting and repelling stimuli a plasmodium optimizes its growth pattern and spans the attractants, while avoiding repellents, with efficient network of protoplasmic tubes. Such behaviour is interpreted as computation and the plasmodium as an amorphous growing biological computer. Till recently laboratory prototypes of slime mould computing devices (Physarum machines) employed rolled oats and oat powder to represent input data. We explore alternative sources of chemo-attractants, which do not require a sophisticated laboratory synthesis. We show that plasmodium of P. polycephalum prefers sedative herbal tablets and dried...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5985/version/1

The Human Microbiome and Recurrent Abdominal Pain in Children
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James Versalovic; Robert J. Shulman; Kevin Riehle; Delphine M. Saulnier; Toni-Ann Mistretta; Maria A. Diaz; Sabeen Raza; Debasmita Mandal; Xiang Qin; Susan Lynch; Joseph Petrosino; Richard Gibbs.
This project explores the nature of the human intestinal microbiome in healthy children and children with recurrent abdominal pain. The overall goal is to obtain a robust knowledge base of the intestinal microbiome in children without evidence of pain or gastrointestinal disease and in those with recurrent abdominal pain (functional abdominal pain (FAP) and FAP associated with changes in bowel habits, i.e., irritable bowel syndrome or IBS).  Specific aims include: 1. Characterize the composition of the gut microbiome in healthy children by DNA sequencing. 2. Determine the presence of disease-specific organism signatures of variable gut microbiomes in children with recurrent abdominal pain.  3. Perform functional gut metagenomics by evaluation of whole...
Tipo: Marker Paper / Data Plan
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5228/version/2

PRELIMINARY BASELINE SURVEY OF AVIFAUNAL DIVERSITY IN JIMMA ZONE, SOUTH-WESTERN ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Haile Yineger; Kitessa  Hundera; Bruktawit Abdu; Tifases Beyene; James Kuria Ndungu&amp;#x27;; Cagan Hakki  Sekercioglu; Olivier Honnay; Bart Muys; Raf Aerts; Luc Lens.
Multidimensional poverty, which is deeply-rooted within least-developed African countries like Ethiopia, is forcing local people to heavily rely on natural resources for their subsistent livelihoods. As a result, remaining wilderness areas in tropical Africa which support huge but little known biological diversity, are subject to extensive habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation in turn causing loss of plant and animal species and ecosystem services provided by them. Coffee forest fragment within the Jimma Zone of Ethiopia cannot be expected to be an exception to such scenario. Taking this persistent problem into consideration, we carried out a preliminary survey of bird biodiversity in selected areas of Jimma Zone during a short term bird ringing...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4185/version/1

Variable consumer responses to invasion by Microstegium vimineum: The role of indirect effects
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jayna L. DeVore; John C. Maerz.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;As both basal resources and autogenic ecosystem engineers, plants play an important role in structuring consumer communities.  Plant invasion can alter important ecosystem properties such as habitat complexity, nutrient availability, and abiotic properties, and the hyper-productive, high-nutrient nature of many invaders may make the influence of these plants especially pronounced.  While direct influences of these processes on competitors and predators may be relatively foreseeable, the consequences of indirect effects on consumers living within these invaded habitats are more difficult to predict.  In order to determine the response of various forest floor consumers to invasion by the exotic grass...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5240/version/1

PECAn: workflow management for data assimilation and forecasting
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David LeBauer; Dan Wang; Xiaohui Feng; Michael Dietze.
*Background/Question/Methods*  Ecosystem models use physiological traits and environmental data to model land-air carbon exchange. Such models can integrate heterogeneous ecological and environmental data, but rarely account for the contribution of each input to the overall uncertainty in model output. Quantifying uncertainty in each model input and propagating uncertainty through model ensembles directly estimates overall uncertainty in model output. Identification of data that would most effectively constrain uncertainty can also be directly inferred by processing output. Real-time data assimilation and forecasting benefits from a method that is transparent, scalable, and adaptable. A tool that manages these steps while tracking the provenance of data...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5533/version/1

Ecologists and the development of sustainability curricula for majors vs. non-majors
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carmen R. Cid.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Ecologists usually study interactions among living and non-living things at a particular spatial scale. Ecological curricula often have a biological focus except in ecosystem or applied ecology courses. At the undergraduate level, the impact of human activity on ecology class discussions is often relegated to urban ecology classes. The discussion of sustainability is a side line in introductory or upper level ecology courses, except in applied research courses, and more intensely addressed in non-science general education courses. To develop a global sustainable society will require that different disciplines understand the many factors that affect &amp;#x22;sustainability&amp;#x22; and work with a common...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3611/version/1

PERSPECTIVES OF NANODIAMOND FORMATION FROM THE ORGANIC MATTER  AT  LOW P-T PARAMETERS
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sergei Simakov.
The perspectives of nanosized diamond particles formation at metastable P-T parameters from organic matter at hydrothermal conditions is discussed. From the known data it&amp;#x2019;s possible to conclude that we could provide the hydrothermal syntheses of nanodiamonds from the water-oil or water-alcohol-oil solutions.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4924/version/1

New species from the deep Pacific suggest that carnivorous sponges date back to the Early Jurassic
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jean Vacelet; Michelle Kelly.
Some deep-sea poecilosclerid sponges (Porifera) have developed a carnivorous feeding habit that is very surprising in sponges^1^. As shown by the typical morphology of their spicules, they most probably evolved from &amp;#x22;normal sponges&amp;#x22; under the difficult conditions of a deep-sea environment. Such evolution, which implies the loss of the diagnostic character of the phylum Porifera, i.e. a filter feeding habit through a complex aquiferous system, should be of great interest in the understanding of the origin of metazoans. Some scenarios, based on the hypothesis of the paraphyly of Porifera, allege that metazoans could derive from a sponge filter-feeding body plan. A difficulty, however, is to imagine the transition from a sponge grade of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2327/version/1

Pre and post fire carbon dynamics in a Florida Scrub oak
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rosvel Bracho; Cassondra Thomas; Jiahong Li; Thomas Powell; C. Ross Hinkle.
Scrub oak is a xeromorphic shrub ecosystem discontinuously distributed in coastal and inland Florida. It supports a high biodiversity which includes a large number of endangered and threatened species.  Its structural features are maintained by a fire return cycle of 7 to 10 years which maintains the biodiversity. Management of fire prone ecosystems such as this raises the question of whether the management strategy contributes to the system being a carbon sink or carbon source over the long-term.  We used eddy covariance and biometric approaches to measure carbon dynamics in a Florida scrub oak ecosystem located at Kennedy Space Center in east Central Florida from April 2004 to December 2007. The study site was controlled burned in February 2006. Two...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5223/version/1

BHL, The Biodiversity Heritage Library:  An Expanding International Collaboration
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Constance Rinaldo; Catherine  Norton.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The Biodiversity Heritage Library (BHL; &amp;#x22;http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/&amp;#x22;:http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/), one of the cornerstones of the Encyclopedia of Life (eol.org), now contains nearly 13 million digitized pages of 12,000 titles comprised of 32,000 volumes of the published literature of biodiversity held in the collections of major natural history libraries. The BHL has made this literature available for open access and responsible use as a part of a global &amp;#x201c;biodiversity commons.&amp;#x201d; The BHL partnership is working with the global taxonomic community, publishers, organizations such as JSTOR and BIOONE, and the Internet Archive, to ensure that the biodiversity...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3620/version/1

Integrating microbial community data with ecological theory
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steven D. Allison.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Molecular and bioinformatics techniques are revealing the rich diversity of microbial communities. These approaches generate valuable data that ecologists could use to develop and test theories that apply to a large fraction of living organisms. However, the complexity of microbial community data is a challenge to achieving this integration. A fundamental question in microbial ecology is how to aggregate microbial communities so that their taxa may be represented in theoretical models. Recently, models based on microbial traits have been developed to tackle this question. Such models may represent microbial taxa as functional groups or stochastic assemblages with a distribution of trait values. Here, I define...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5511/version/1

Transformation of metabolism with age and lifestyle in Antarctic seals: a case study of systems biology approach to cross-species microarray experiment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andrey Ptitsyn; Shane Kanatous.
*_Background:_* The metabolic transformation that changes Weddell seal pups born on land into aquatic animals is not only interesting for the study of general biology, but it also provides a model for the acquired and congenital muscle disorders which are associated with oxygen metabolism in skeletal muscle. However, the analysis of gene expression in seals is hampered by the lack of specific microarrays and the very limited annotation of known Weddell seal (_Leptonychotes weddellii_) genes.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*_Results:_* Muscle samples from newborn, juvenile, and adult Weddell seals were collected during an Antarctic expedition. Extracted RNA was hybridized on Affymetrix Human Expression chips. Preliminary studies showed a detectable...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3380/version/1

CloVR-16S: Phylogenetic microbial community composition analysis based on 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing &amp;#x2013; standard operating procedure, version 1.0
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James R. White; Cesar Arze; Malcolm Matalka; The CloVR Team; Owen White; Samuel V. Angiuoli; W. Florian Fricke.
The CloVR-16S pipeline employs several well-known phylogenetic tools and protocols for the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence datasets:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;A) Mothur &amp;#x2013; a C++-based software package used for clustering 16S rRNA sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Mothur creates OTUs using a matrix that describes pairwise distances between representative aligned sequences and subsequently estimates within-sample diversity (alpha diversity);&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;B) The Ribosomal Database (RDP) nai&amp;#x308;ve Bayesian classifier assigns each 16S sequence to a reference taxonomy with associated empirical probabilities based on oligonucleotide frequencies;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;C) Qiime &amp;#x2013; a python-based workflow package,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5888/version/3

IQ variations across time and race are explained by literacy differences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David Marks.
Intelligence quotient (IQ) scores are intended to assess the cognitive competences of individuals, groups and populations. A body of data collected during the last 50 years has revealed that IQ average population scores vary significantly over time, nationality, and race. The causes of these variations remain a mystery. Theories focusing on nutrition, brain size, dysgenic factors, social class and education have proved inexact or unsatisfactory. Here I describe a new explanation based on the fact that intelligence test performance requires a level of literacy not present in all people to the same degree. I show that literacy variations across time, place and race are highly associated with changes in IQ scores. These findings have widespread implications....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1293/version/1

Strong and weak competitors can coexist in the same niche
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev V. Kalmykov; Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that two trophically identical but fitness different species can not stably coexist in the same niche. However, this principle contradicts the observed nature&amp;#x27;s species richness. This fact is known as the biodiversity paradox. Here, using a simple cellular automaton model, we mechanistically show how two trophically identical, but fitness different species may stably coexist in the same niche. As environment is stable and any trade-offs are absent in this model, it strongly violates the competitive exclusion principle.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7107/version/2

Inter-Tunneling Mechanism of Colliding Population Waves
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev V. Kalmykov; Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
Here we show a new interaction mechanism of colliding population waves. It provides a stable coexistence of two similar but different species competing for the same limiting resource during their asexual propagation in a limited homogeneous environment under constant conditions. The revealed mechanism opens new opportunities in conservation biology.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6990/version/1

Computer simulations on the sympatric speciation modes for the Midas cichlid species complex
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Karen Luz-Burgoa; Suzana Moss de Oliveira; Jorge de S&amp;#xe1; Martins.
Cichlid fishes are one of the best model system for the study of evolution of the species. Inspired by them, in this paper we simulated the splitting of a single species into two separate ones via random mutations, with both populations living together in sympatry, sharing the same habitat.  We study the ecological, mating and genetic conditions needed to reproduce the polychromatism and polymorphism of three species of the Midas Cichlid species complex. Our results show two scenarios for the A. Citrinellus speciation process, one with and the other without disruptive natural selection. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In the first scenario, the ecological and genetic conditions are sufficient to create two new species, while in the second the mating and genetic...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/798/version/1

Annual population rhythm of Anopheles mosquitoes in Indian subcontinent
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohit Bhardwaj; Leena Bharadwaj; Kritika Trigunayat; Madan Mohan Trigunayat.
Several organisms show a rhythm based behavior in their life. Mosquitoes are surviving successfully since ancient time on earth while lots of biological creatures have been extinct. Thus it is interesting to study their population load. Climatic conditions affect mosquito population significantly so on the basis of malaria cases their population is estimated in present study in Indian geographical scenario. In this study it was found that their annual population load show a scientific rhythm. A schematic wave form representation is also presented here to show mosquito population load. This study will be helpful in malaria vector eradication and health care policies. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4569/version/2

The saltational model for the dawn of H. sapiens, chin, adolescence phase, complex language and modern behavior
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Omer Faruk NOYAN; Sahin CAKIR.
A new model may contribute to resolve the origin problem of  H. sapiens. According to our new viewpoint, Neandertals were neither one of our direct ancestors nor a different species.  Their origin was not in Europe 150-200 or 300 thousand years ago. As for the origin of H. sapiens, it was neither in Africa roughly 2 million years ago nor roughly 200 thousand years ago. In other words, both the Multiregional model and the recent African origin model seem wrong. Our own species arose in the Middle East approximately 150 thousand years ago and split into two subspecies: Moderns and Neandertals.  Rapid and radial expansion of H. sapiens from the origin implies a revolution (see Figure 1). Complex language, modern behavior and even adolescence phase plus chin...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/579/version/1

Phenotypic Plasticity and the Invasiveness of Three _Taraxacum_ Species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jing Luo; John Cardina.
*Background/Question/Methods* &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Many factors have been found to be associated with the success of invasive species. Phenotypic plasticity, the ability of a plant genotype to respond to different environmental conditions by producing different phenotypes, is thought to play an important role plant invasions. In three major experiments, I tested the hypothesis that the invasive _Taraxacum officinale_ (common dandelion) and its non-invasive congener _T. laevigatum_ will exhibit different phenotypic plasticity in germination, growth, and reproduction. I also proposed that their responses to various environments could be used to assess the invasive behavior of a potential crop species: _T....
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3767/version/1

Seasonal reproduction in a fluctuating energy environment: Insolation-driven synchronized broadcast spawning in corals
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bharath Ananthasubramaniam; Roger M. Nisbet; Daniel E. Morse; Francis J. Doyle.
*Background/Question/Methods:* Colonies of spawning corals reproduce in mass-spawning events, in which polyps within each colony release sperm and eggs for fertilization in the water column, with fertilization occurring only between gametes from different colonies.  Participating colonies synchronize their gamete release to a window of a few hours once a year (for the species Acropora digitifera we study experimentally). This remarkable synchrony is essential for successful coral reproduction and thus, maintenance of the coral reef ecosystem that is currently under threat from local and global environmental effects such as pollution, global warming and ocean acidification.  The mechanisms determining this tight synchrony in reproduction are not well...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5344/version/1

The Role of the Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Vincent B. Young; Eugene B. Chang; Folker Meyer; Mitchell L. Sogin; Thomas M. Schmidt; James Tiedje.
The overall goal of our Demonstration Project is to address the hypothesis that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To circumvent the confounding effects of mucosal inflammation and medications that independently bias microbial selection, we have set out to study a unique clinical model of ulcerative colitis (pouchitis) where the development and status of the gut microbiota can be assessed prospectively and relative to the outcome of disease. Pouchitis is an inflammatory condition of a surgically-created pseudorectum that is unique to ulcerative colitis and rarely occurs when this procedure is performed for treatment of other non-IBD diseases.  Since the incidence of developing pouchitis within...
Tipo: Marker Paper / Data Plan
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5254/version/1

Allergies, Asthma, and Eczema: Response to Disturbance of the Microbiota of the Newborn Gut
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Debra L. Wohl; William J. Curry.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The birth of a child may include routine use of antibiotics or a delivery by cesarean section.  We applaud these medical advances for their direct benefits.  However, birthing practices have been shown to disrupt the colonization of the microbial gut in newborns, which may have long term consequences on the development of a child&amp;#x2019;s immune system resulting in atopies (i.e., asthma, allergies, and eczema).  Animal models and other research have been used to demonstrate that not only the presence, but also the community composition of the gut microbiota, is essential for normal immune development.  Furthermore, it has been established that there are differences in the intestinal microbiota of children...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3685/version/1

Long-term impacts of tropical storms and earthquakes on human population growth in Haiti and the Dominican Republic
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christian D. Klose; Christian Webersik.
Since the 18th century, Haiti and the Dominican Republic have experienced similar natural forces, including earthquakes and tropical storms. These countries are two of the most prone of all Latin American and Caribbean countries to natural hazards events, while Haiti seems to be more vulnerable to natural forces. This article discusses to what extent geohazards have shaped both nation&amp;#x27;s demographic developments. The data show that neither atmospheric nor seismic forces that directly hit the territory of Haiti have significantly affected the country&amp;#x27;s population growth rates and spatial population densities. Conversely, since the 1950s more people were exposed to atmospheric hazards, in particular, in regions which historically experienced...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5981/version/1

A similarity criterion for forest growth curves
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Georgii A. Alexandrov; Georgy S. Golitsyn.
Comparison of forest growth curves has led many to the conclusion that there is a similarity between forest stands growing in different conditions. Here we treat the same subject from the viewpoint of similarity theory. Our goal is to form a dimensionless ratio of biophysical entities that could parameterize the diversity of forest growth curves. (Such ratios are called similarity criteria.)  Pursuing this goal, we focus on the analogy between tree crown growth and atomic explosion. A blast wave is formed when the rate of energy release is much higher than the rate of energy dissipation. The difference between the rates of energy release and dissipation is the essence of this phenomenon. The essential feature of crown growth is the difference between the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6561/version/1

Factors influencing immature Dermacentor variabilis burdens on white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tad Dallas; Stephanie  Fore; Hyun-Joo Kim; Mary Peng; Jake Henderson; Georgia Mueller; Laura Fielden.
The host-parasite relationship is an important and complex ecological interaction.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Parasite load affects pathogen transfer and can influence host fitness. Mice were&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;live trapped in three night trapping sessions conducted on two permanent grids&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;every other month from June 2006 to December 2008. Grids were established in&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;an old field and an early successional forest each with 104 sampling points. Data&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;were analyzed with negative binomial regression. Gender and body size both had&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;significant effects on tick load (P =0.012 and P =0.029, respectively), with males and&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;larger hosts harboring more immature ticks. However, body size and gender...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3713/version/1

To be resistant or tolerant: the evolution of mixed defence strategies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Etzel Garrido; Juan Fornoni.
Theory predicts that resistance and tolerance represent mutually exclusive strategies of host defence. However, empirical evidence reveals that individual hosts simultaneously allocate resources to both mechanisms. Understanding the maintenance of this defence pattern remains controversial because empirical evidence is at odds with theoretical assumptions. Here, we present a novel host-enemy dynamic that considers: the differential effect of each defence strategy upon the evolutionary response of natural enemies; the process of local adaptation of the natural enemies to their hosts and the effect of negative and positive frequency-dependent selection acting on resistance and tolerance respectively. Our analysis suggests that a mixed pattern of defence...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4791/version/1

The power of &amp;#x201c;Green&amp;#x201d; Energy: plant trait influences on microbial competition and greenhouse gas production
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ariana Sutton-Grier; J. Patrick Megonigal.
Background/Questions/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Species vary in the eco-physiological traits they possess which means species may differentially influence ecosystem functions such as microbial activity.  In wetland ecosystems it is important to understand how different plant species influence microbial competition for resources because competition affects microbial respiration and one of the products of anaerobic microbial respiration is methane, a potent greenhouse gas.  Plants influence the availability of substrates for microbial respiration, both available carbon and terminal electron acceptors (such as Fe(III)).  Because methanogenic microbes must compete with other microbes for respiration substrates and can be out-competed if conditions are more...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5492/version/1

Ant Species Richness Around Amravati City Maharashtra, India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Aravind B. Chavhan; Santosh S. Pawar; Mumtaz M. Baig.
Ants deserve a special place in the study of ecology, including behavior, given their species richness, social habits, and high densities, contributing to much of the animal biomes on earth (Gadagkar et.at. 1993). As ants can be studied virtually everywhere from forest interiors below ground, right up to the kitchen, we attempted a study to assess the ant species richness in a variety of habitats in and around Amravati city. The prime objective of this study is to prepare a partial checklist of ants of Amravati and to compare species richness between selected study sites. Eight study sites with different levels and types of vegetation were selected for the study.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;We employed an &amp;#x201c;all out search&amp;#x201d; method for collection...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5491/version/1

Selfish and Altruistic Bacterial Populations Maximize Fitness Under Stress by Local Segregation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Juan Keymer; Peter Galajda; Juliana Malinverni; Roberto Kolter; Guillaume Lambert; David Liao; Robert Austin.
Landscapes in ecology have a profound influence on the adaption and evolution of competing populations for resources. We are interested in how altruistic populations survive in the presence of selfish individuals in a non-stirred, closed and complex nutrient landscape. Well-stirred (landscape-free) but closed environments have a depressing future when selfish individuals arise in a population, a fate known as the tragedy of the Commons. Over-exploitation of a well-stirred communal habitat by selfish individuals which do not follow rules of communal self-regulation ends up in the elimination (extinction) of both the original altruistic inhabitants and the selfish population. In the context of bacterial population, the Commons tragedy that occurs is the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1713/version/1

Narrow genetic and apparent phenetic diversity in Jatropha curcas: initial success with generating low phorbol ester interspecific hybrids
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siam  Popluechai; Diego Breviario; Sujatha Mulpuri; Harinder P. S. Makkar; Manish Raorane; Attipalli R. Reddy; Enrico Palchetti; Angharad M. R. Gatehouse; Keith J. Syers; Anthony G. O&amp;#x27;Donnell; Ajay Kohli.
Due to the increasing popularity of Jatropha curcas as a feedstock for biodiesel, generating non-toxic and high yielding varieties of the plant requires genotypic characterization towards identifying breeding lines. There is little information on the phylogenetic relationships between its global accessions and species. Assessing genetic variation by RAPD, AFLP and combinatorial tubulin based polymorphism (cTBP) in 38 J. curcas accessions from 13 countries on 3 continents revealed narrow genetic diversity. However, 6 different species of Jatropha from India exhibited pronounced genetic diversity indicating possibilities of improving J. curcas by interspecific breeding. The relatively unexplored cTBP approach we used was a highly efficient and cost effective...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2782/version/1

Root production and methane dynamics: Impact of wetland functional group diversity and composition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rachel Schultz; Virginie Bouchard; Serita Frey.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The loss of biodiversity worldwide has prompted a close investigation of the link between diversity and ecosystem functions. Most experimental studies have looked at the relationship between grassland plant diversity and aboveground productivity. Less is known about other ecosystems or how diversity affects belowground processes. Our objective was to investigate the link between plant community (diversity and composition) and key belowground processes such as root biomass production and CH4 dynamics in wetland ecosystems. We hypothesized that 1) root biomass would increase with functional group diversity due to complementarity and 2) the sediment pool of CH4 would decrease with diversity due to increased CH4...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3625/version/1

Biogeographic relationships among deep-sea hydrothermal vent faunas at global scale
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Charleyne Bachraty; Pierre Legendre; Daniel Desbruy&amp;#xe8;res.
The discovery of deep-sea hydrothermal vent fauna, kilometers deep in the oceans, is a great achievement of 20th-century marine biology. The deep-sea hydrothermal food web does not directly depend on the sun energy. Vent communities rely primarily on trophic associations between chemoautotrophic bacteria and consumers. A small number of endemic taxa are adapted to this highly toxic environment distributed along ridge crests. Where they appeared and how they dispersed is among the important questions ecologists must answer. Here, by statistical analysis of the most comprehensive data base ever assembled about deep-sea hydrothermal fauna, we delineate six major hydrothermal provinces in the World Ocean, then we identify five significant dispersal flows...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1823/version/1

Bio-communication of Plants
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Guenther Witzany.
Plants communicate with a great variety of symbiotic partners, above and below ground. Constant monitoring of signals of biotic origin as well as abiotic environmental influences allows plants to generate appropriate response behavior. These communication processes are primarily sign-mediated interactions and not simply an exchange of information. They involve active coordination and active organization of a great variety of different behavioural patterns &amp;#x2013; mediated by signs.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1429/version/1

Unnatural Selection: A new formal approach to punctuated equilibrium in economic systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Generalized Darwinian evolutionary theory has emerged as central to the description of economic process (e.g., Aldrich et. al., 2008). Here we demonstrate that, just as Darwinian principles provide necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for understanding the dynamics of social entities, in a similar manner the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory provide another set of necessary conditions that constrain the evolution of socioeconomic process. These latter constraints can, however, easily be formulated as a statistics-like analytic toolbox for the study of empirical data that is consistent with a generalized Darwinism, and this is no small thing.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5612/version/1

Hunter-Gatherers in a Howling Wilderness: Farming economic systems for human needs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Recent advances in evolutionary theory applied to economic structure and process may permit construction of both new economic theory and new tools for data analysis that can help in the design of more robust economic policies and practices, resulting in less frequent and less disruptive Knightian transitions, and enabling as well the design of institutions that are, in turn, less disrupted by those that do occur.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5650/version/2

Data citation in the wild
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Valerie Enriquez; Sarah Walker Judson; Nicholas M. Walker; Suzie Allard; Robert B. Cook; Heather A. Piwowar; Robert J. Sandusky; Todd J. Vision; Bruce E. Wilson.
Consistent attribution of research data upon reuse is necessary to reward the original data-producing investigators, reconstruct provenance, and inform data sharing policies, tool requirements, and funding decisions.  Unfortunately, norms for data attribution are varied and often weak.  As part of the DataONE 2010 summer internship program, three interns studied the policies, practice, and implications of current data attribution behavior in the environmental sciences.  We found that few policies recommend robust data citation practices: in our preliminary evaluation, only one-third of repositories (n=26), 6% of journals (n=307), and 1 of 53 funders suggested a best practice for data citation.  We manually reviewed 500 papers published between 2000 and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5452/version/1

Events of reclaiming marshes for rice fields between 7000BP and 4500 BP in east China
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yunfei Zheng; Guoping  Sun; Ling Qin; Chunhai Li; Xiaohong  Wu; Xugao Chen.
Discovery of the oldest rice fields at the Tianluoshan site in east China has provided data of recovering reclaimation, cultivation, and the ecological system of rice fields between 7000BP and 4500 BP. People opened up marshes of dense reeds with fire and wooden or bone spades, in order to create rice fields. In the rice fields, there was not only rice, but a lot of weeds as well. The excavations proved that little or even no weeding or irrigation was adopted. However, tilling soil by wooden and bone tools was evidenced. The yields are estimated to have been about 8.3 kg for the early period and 9.5 kg per acre for the later period. The cultivation system was low-level. Although the Tianluoshan people cultivated rice, they still obtained a great deal of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2853/version/1

Strong and weak competitors can coexist in the same niche
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev V. Kalmykov; Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
The competitive exclusion principle postulates that two trophically identical but fitness different species can not stably coexist in the same niche. However, this principle contradicts the observed nature&amp;#x27;s species richness. This fact is known as the biodiversity paradox. Here, using a simple cellular automaton model, we mechanistically show how two trophically identical, but fitness different species may stably coexist in the same niche. As environment is stable and any trade-offs are absent in this model, it strongly violates the competitive exclusion principle.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7107/version/1

Can global models reproduce the current increase in Western United States Wildfires and project a reliable future trend?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dominique  Bachelet; Dave Conklin; Brendan Rogers; Maureen McGlinchy; Jim Lenihan; Ron Neilson; Ray Drapek.
Background/Question/Methods:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Wildfires in the western U.S. are generally thought to have increased since the 1980s. Many factors have contributed to this increase such as fire suppression, livestock grazing, and urban sprawl. Fires have also been associated with variations in sea surface temperatures and described by indices such as El Ni&amp;#xf1;o Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO). Recent analyses have also shown that we may have entered a new fire regime starting with a climate shift in 1998 and are currently entering years of combined long-term warm AMO phase with cool ENSO and PDO phases usually associated with increased drought-induced fires in the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3618/version/1

A bestiary of non-linear functions for growth analysis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: C. E. Timothy Paine; Toby Marthews; Deborah Vogt; Drew Purves; Mark Rees; Andy Hector; Lindsay Turnbull.
Plant growth is an essential ecological process, integrating across scales from physiology to community dynamics. Predicting the growth of plants is essential to understand a wide range of ecological issues, including competition, plant-herbivore interactions and ecosystem functioning.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;A challenge in modeling plant growth is that growth rates almost universally decrease with increasing size, for a variety of reasons. Traditional analyses of growth are hampered by the need to remain within the structures of linear models, which handle this slowing poorly. We demonstrate the implementation of a variety of non-linear models that are more appropriate for modeling plant growth than are the traditional, linear,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5257/version/1

Assemblage-structuring force of species interactions varies spatially and temporally: Co-occurrence analysis of canopy arthropod distributions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew K. Lau; Laura E. Hagenauer; Thomas G. Whitham.
*Background/Question/Methods* Understanding how interactions amongst species contribute to their distribution is central to community ecology. However, it is not understood how these processes may change under different environmental conditions. In this study, we present evidence that suggests interactions amongst canopy arthropods contribute to assemblage structure, depending on both the sampling time and location. We sampled canopy arthropod species abundances on individual trees in three adjacent, monospecific stands of Populus fremontii (Fremont cottonwood), which differ in planting year (2000, 2002, 2005). We then conducted null-model based co-occurrence analysis using the freely available software EcoSim (Kesey-Bear and Acquired Intelligence, Inc.)...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3600/version/1

The effect of abiotic factors on asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in dead roots from the Pacific Northwest
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William T. Hicks; Hua Chen.
High rates of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation have been observed in dead roots.  However, little is known about how biotic and abiotic factors influence asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in dead roots.  The objective of this study was to examine how nitrogen fixation in dead roots responded to three abiotic factors: temperature, oxygen concentration, and moisture content by measuring acetylene reduction rates in dead roots.  For measuring the response to temperature and oxygen, we collected dead roots of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) from one site in western Oregon, while the effect of moisture content was tested with samples from three species including Douglas-fir, western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla), and Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) from three sites...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5626/version/1

Metabolic constraints on the evolution of genetic codes: Did multiple &amp;#x27;preaerobic&amp;#x27; ecosystem transitions entrain richer dialects via Serial Endosymbiosis?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
A spontaneous symmetry lifting model based on Tlusty&amp;#x27;s elegant topological deconstruction suggests that multiple punctuated ecosystem resilience regime changes in metabolic free energy that were broadly similar to the aerobic transition enabled a punctuated sequence of increasingly complex genetic codes and protein translators. In a manner similar to the Serial Endosymbiosis effecting the Eukaryotic transition, codes and translators coevolved until the ancestor of the present narrow spectrum of protein machineries became locked-in by evolutionary path dependence at a relatively modest level of fitness reflecting a modest embedding metabolic free energy ecology. The simplest coevolutionary model of code-translator interaction has high and low...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4120/version/4

Where did Words Come from? A Linking Theory of Sound Symbolism and Natural Language Evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jamie Reilly; David Biun; Wind Cowles; Jonathan Peelle.
Where did words come from? The traditional view is that the relation between the sound of a word and its meaning is arbitrary. An alternative hypothesis, known as sound symbolism, holds that form-meaning correspondence is systematic. Numerous examples of sound symbolism exist across natural language phyla. Moreover, cross-linguistic similarities suggest that sound symbolism represents a language universal. For example, many unrelated languages affix an &amp;#x22;ee&amp;#x22; sound to words in order to emphasize size distinctions or express affection (e.g., look at the teeny weeny baby); other such phonetic universals are evident for object mass, color, brightness, and aggression. We hypothesize that sound symbolism reflects sensitivity to an ecological law...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2369/version/1

Urban Tree Canopy Prioritization (UTC): Experience from Baltimore
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: J. Morgan Grove; Dexter  Locke.
The recently emerging shift in urban land management to an &amp;#x201c;all lands, all people&amp;#x201d; approach to achieve critical urban sustainability goals created the need to 1) characterize landcover at the unit of individual property units: i.e. property parcels, and 2) integrate social and ecological data corresponding to diverse, sustainability goals so that all neighborhoods and parcels can be prioritized.  Currently, there are two types of UTC tools: 1) UTC Assessment and Monitoring tools are used to assess existing and potential urban tree canopy at a parcel level (2&amp;#x2019; resolution) and regional extent; and 2) UTC Prioritization tools are used to identify where to increase urban tree canopy at watershed, neighborhood, and parcel levels...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6368/version/1

Bias in culture-independent assessments of microbial biodiversity in the global ocean
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ben B. Temperton; Anna Oliver; Dawn Field; Bela Tiwari; Martin Muhling; Ian Joint; Jack Gilbert.
On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the SAR11 clade of marine bacteria has almost universal distribution, being detected as abundant sequences in all marine provinces. Yet SAR11 sequences are rarely detected in fosmid libraries, suggesting that the widespread abundance may be an artefact of PCR cloning and that SAR 11 has a relatively low abundance. Here the relative abundance of SAR11 is explored in both a fosmid library and a metagenomic sequence data set from the same biological community taken from fjord surface water from Bergen, Norway. Pyrosequenced data and 16S clone data confirmed an 11-15% relative abundance of SAR11 within the community. In contrast not a single SAR11 fosmid was identified in a pooled shotgun sequenced data set of 100...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2818/version/1

Type II Aerobic Methane Oxidizing Bacteria (AMOB) Drive Methane Oxidation in Pulsed Wetlands as Indicated by 13C-Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Taniya Roy Chowdhury; Richard Dick.
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and management strategies have been proposed to limit CH4 emissions from freshwater wetlands. The methanotrophic bacteria can intercept much of the CH4 produced by methanogenic archaea and thus management protocols for wetlands could conceivably include manipulations not only to limit the production of CH4 by methanogens, but also to enhance the consumption of CH4 by benthic or planktonic methanotrophs. The hydrological characteristic of a wetland is a major determinant of the CH4 emission rates. A major consideration for CH4 production is whether a wetland is static or flowing (wetlands connected to rivers and streams). Very little is known about the effects of hydrologic pulsing on wetland carbon dynamics and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6291/version/1

Eco-evolutionary consequences of road adjacency and road salt on the wood frog, Rana sylvatica
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steven P. Brady.
The network of roads on the landscape is vast, and has wide-reaching ecological influence. Recent investigations have focused on understanding impacts of contaminants from road runoff, especially deicing agents such as road salt. Despite growing research concerning ecological impacts of roads, our understanding of long-term consequences remains nascent. This stems in part from a dearth of investigations, and in part because ecological research typically ignores evolution on contemporary timescales. Yet reports of evolution influencing ecological outcomes are growing, suggesting this influence may be the rule rather than the exception. This may be especially true for species with spatially structured populations. For amphibians, such structuring coupled...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3674/version/2

Dung beetles can eat acorns to increase their fitness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jose R. Verdu; Jose L. Casas; Jorge Lobo; Catherine Numa.
Animals eat different foods in proportions that yield a more favourable balance of nutrients. In spite of known examples of these behaviours across different taxa, the ecological and physiological benefits remain unknown. We identified a surprising dietary shift that confers ecophysiological advantages in a dung beetle species. _Thorectes lusitanicus_, a Mediterranean ecosystem species adapted to eat dung, is also actively attracted to oak acorns - consuming and burying them. Acorn consumption appears to confer advantages over beetles that do not eat acorns: acorn-fed beetles showed important improvements in fat body mass, haemolymph composition, and ovary development. Beetles incorporating acorns into their diets should have greatly improved resistance to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3263/version/1

Nanotechnology: Giga game for soils
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Siddhartha Mukhopadhyay.
Research on colloidal properties of soils, especially of its clay and decayed organic matter components are pillars of edifice of soil science. The colloids control almost all soil reactions, but their behavior is controlled by dilution, change in pH, ion exchange, accretion of bases and many other processes, some of which are natural, while many others are anthropogenic. The anthropogenic manipulation of soils is the foundation of agrarian civilization, but spread into managed-forest, and urban ecosystems with time. In the twentieth century, great breakthroughs have been achieved in order to make soils more productive and responsive to environmental challenges. Historically, soil science as a discipline showed enormous capacity to absorb scientific...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5791/version/1

Modeling Compatible Single-Tree Aboveground Biomass Equations of Masson Pine (Pinus massoniana) in South China
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wei Sheng Zeng; Shou Zheng Tang.
In the background of facing up to the global climate change, it is becoming the inevitable demand to add forest biomass estimation to national forest resource monitoring. The biomass equations to be developed for forest biomass estimation should be compatible with volume equations. Based on the tree volume and aboveground biomass data of Masson pine (Pinus Massoniana Lamb.) in south China, the one, two and three-variable aboveground biomass equations and biomass conversion functions compatible with tree volume equations were constructed using the error-in-variable simultaneous equations in this paper. The results showed: (i) the prediction precision of aboveground biomass estimates from one variable equation was more than 95%; (ii) the regressions of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6754/version/1

Connecting Carbon Capture with Oceanic Biomass Production
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chen Wang.
The climate change believed by anthropogenic emission is not isolated but tightly coupled with other issues including biodiversity loss and ocean acidification etc., and in order to prevent the potential serious impacts, both political and technological methods are being tried for greenhouse mitigation. Dimming the income sunlight by some &amp;#x201c;geoengineering&amp;#x201d; approaches currently seem ruinously expensive and technically difficult, and would not prevent the increase of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in atmosphere and ocean acidification, so capturing carbon to reduce the environmental concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and promoting renewable energy development for the reduction of using fossil fuels are very necessary. Biofuels derived from...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5161/version/1

Biodiversity Quality: a paradigm for biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alan Feest; Timothy Aldred; Katrin Jedamzik.
The internationally accepted definition of biodiversity creates difficulty in measuring difference and change. The authors suggest that well-sampled data can be used to generate a range of numerical indices reflecting species group characteristics/functionality (Species Richness, Simposons Index, Population Density, Biomass and Species Conservation Value) that can be viewed in combination to create a picture of biodiversity quality. This overall approach has considerable advantages over the currently accepted Convention on biological Diversity definition based on the &amp;#x22;variability&amp;#x22; of genes, species and ecosystems, since the numerical expression of the indices allows the probability of difference between biodiversity quality trends and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3205/version/1

Soil Carbon in Agroforestry Systems: An Unexplored Treasure?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: P. K. Ramachandran Nair; Vimala D. Nair; Emanuela Gama-Rodrigues; Rasmo Garcia; Solomon Haile; David S. Howlett; B. Mohan Kumar; M.-Rosa Mosquera-Losada; Subhrajit Saha; Asako Takimoto; Rafael Tonucci.
Soil organic matter (SOM), which contains more reactive organic carbon (C) than any other single terrestrial pool, plays a major role in determining C storage in ecosystems and regulating atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2)^1^. Agroforestry, the practice of growing trees and crops in interacting combinations on the same unit of land^2^, primarily by resource-poor smallholder farmers in developing countries, is recognized as a strategy for soil carbon sequestration (SCS) under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of the Kyoto Protocol^3^. The understanding about C storage and dynamics under agroforestry systems (AFS), however, is minimal. Our studies under various AFS in diverse ecological conditions in five countries showed that tree-based...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4061/version/1

A war-prone tribe migrated out of Africa to populate the world.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Eduardo  Moreno.
Of the tribal hunter gatherers still in existence today, some lead lives of great violence, whereas other groups live in societies with no warfare and very little murder^1,2,3,4,5^. Here I find that hunter gatherers that belong to mitochondrial haplotypes L0, L1 and L2 do not have a culture of ritualized fights. In contrast to this, almost all L3 derived  hunter gatherers have a more belligerent culture that includes ritualized fights such as wrestling, stick fights or headhunting expeditions. This appears to be independent of their environment, because ritualized fights occur in all climates, from the tropics to the arctic. There is also a correlation between mitochondrial haplotypes and warfare propensity or the use of murder and suicide to resolve...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4303/version/1

Introduction to the Baltimore Ecosystem Study, Long-Term Ecological Research Project, Phase III
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Steward T. A. Pickett.
The Baltimore Ecosystem Study (BES) is one of two urban Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) projects in the United States.  It began its third funding cycle in 2011.  Although the project continues key measurements that were started in 1997 at the inception of the research, the third phase is characterized by a new conceptual framework.  Phase III of BES focuses on metropolitan Baltimore, Maryland, as a system poised for transition from a &amp;#x22;sanitary city&amp;#x22; -- characterized by engineered environmental solutions, management via discrete disciplines, and government control to a &amp;#x22;sustainable city&amp;#x22; -- which would be characterized by additional biological solutions, collaborative management, and polycentric and multi-level...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6499/version/1

The &amp;#x27;consciousness&amp;#x27; of the living state: Extending the Baars global broadcast model across physiological subsystems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
For the broad spectrum of cognitive biological phenomena having &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information sources, isolation from crosstalk between them requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This allows an evolutionary exaptation leading to dynamic global broadcasts at multiple scales, similar to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in physiological systems. Entropy gradient models adapted from nonequilibrium thermodynamics lead to an index theorem in which analytic solutions of empirical equations describe different possible topological modes. Not only is the living state characterized by cognition at every scale and level of organization, but by multiple, shifting, tunable, cooperative...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Immunology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6898/version/2

Female Scent Signals Enhances Male Resistance to Influenza
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ekaterina A. Litvinova; Elena P. Goncharova; Alla M. Zaidman; Marina A. Zenkova; Mikhail P. Moshkin.
Scent of receptive females as signal to reproduction stimulate male mice to olfactory search of a potential breeding partner^1, 2^. This searching behavior is coupled with infection risk due to bacterial contamination of the fecal and urine scent marks^4^. The theoretical consideration of host evolution under inevitable parasitic pressures, including helminthes, bacteria, virus etc., predicts adaptations that help protect against parasites associated with breeding^7^. In this study, we propose that acceptation of female signals by male mice leads to adaptive redistribution of immune defense directed to protection against respiratory infection risks. Our results reveal migration of macrophages and neutrophils to upper airways upon exposure to female odor...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Immunology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3311/version/1

Not a slow snail: Rapid rise of environmental awareness and ecological insights regarding invasive island apple snails (Pomacea insularum)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Romi Burks; Jess Van Dyke.
*_Background/Question/Methods_*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Exotic invaders routinely move faster than scientific publication processes.  Lacking aerial dispersal stages, snails generally match descriptions of slow colonizers.  However, reminiscent of the pace with which zebra mussels gained notoriety, a growing sense of urgency has emerged from management communities regarding established populations of exotic, invasive island apple snails (_Pomacea insularum_).  Recently separated by mitochondrial markers as a related, yet distinct, species, _P. insularum_ sits poised to follow along the invasive trajectory of its better known relative, the golden apple snail (_P. canaliculata_).  Literature studies examining mechanisms that promote invasiveness suggest family...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3853/version/1

A decline in pollinator dependent vegetable crop productivity in India indicates pollination limitation and consequent agro-economic crises.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Parthiba Basu; Ritam Bhattacharya; Pietro Ianetta.
Approximately 70% of the tropical crop species depend on pollinators for optimum yields (Roubik, 1995, Klein 2007). The economic value of such pollinated crops to India is $726 million and India is the world&amp;#x27;s second largest vegetable producer (Sidhu, 2005). This status has been underpinned by large-scale changes in land-use and pesticide dependency (Fazal, 2000; Shaw &amp;#x26; Satish, 2007). A method (c.f. Aizen et al. 2008) that partitions crops into categories depending on their relative pollinator dependence (Index of pollinator dependence, DI) was applied to analysis of vegetable yields for India over 45 years (1963-2008) using FAO data. This has revealed that since 1993, relative yields of crop production has either flattened or declined,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6044/version/1

Nitrogen Fixation and Translocation in Sugarcane
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Takuji Ohyama; Atsushi Momose; Norikuni Ohtake; Kuni Sueyoshi; Takashi Sato; Yasuhiro Nakanishi; Shoichiro Akao.
World sugarcane production is increasing rapidly as a biofuel. In some areas in Brazil, sugarcane has been grown continually over very long periods without N fertiliser inputs. Therefore, the occurrence of N fixation has been suspected. However, quantitative studies seeking to identify the N~2~ fixation sites in the plant and to record the translocation of fixed N around the plant have not yet established. A ^15^N~2~ gas tracer experiment was conducted using young sugarcane plants to investigate the sites of N~2~ fixation and also to explore the possibility of translocation of the fixed N among the plant&amp;#x27;s major organs. Young sugarcane plants (_Saccharum officinarum_ L.) about 40 cm high and some 14 days after sprouting from a stem cutting were...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2360/version/1

Day-length is central to maintaining consistent seasonal diversity in marine bacterioplankton
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jack A. Gilbert; Paul Somerfield; Ben Temperton; Susan Huse; Ian Joint; Dawn Field.
Marine bacterial diversity is vast, but seasonal variation in diversity is poorly understood. Here we present the longest bacterial diversity time series consisting of monthly (72) samples from the western English Channel over a 6 year period (2003-2008) using 747,494 16SrDNA-V6 amplicon-pyrosequences. Although there were characteristic cycles for each phylum, the overall community cycle was remarkably stable year after year. The majority of taxa were not abundant, although on occasion these rare bacteria could dominate the assemblage. Bacterial diversity peaked at the winter solstice and showed remarkable synchronicity with day-length, which had the best explanatory power compared to a combination of other variables (including temperature and nutrient...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4406/version/1

Adaptive evolution and then what?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Richard Svanb&amp;#xe4;ck; Mario Pineda-Krch; Michael Doebeli.
Traits determining ecological interactions and dynamics are generally subject to natural selection. That genetically based individual variation in ecological traits can influence population dynamics has interested population biologist from various perspectives. Population ecologists recognized the need to incorporate individual variation in models of population regulation, while evolutionary biologists wish to understand genetic and evolutionary dynamics, e.g. of life history traits, in density-regulated populations. But how does adaptation in ecological traits affect population dynamics? In this project we investigated how ecological dynamics changes as a consequence of adaptive evolution in ecological traits using an individual-based predator-prey model.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/57/version/1

Bird surveys for REDD+: avian communities indicate forest degradation in a Peruvian coffee landscape
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Raf Aerts; Sarah Spranghers; Bruno Verbist; Luc Lens; Cagan Sekercioglu.
Shade coffee cultivation in the Peruvian Andes assists in reducing emissions from deforestation because it avoids conversion to non-forest land uses such as coca and sun grown coffee farming.  REDD+ is a potential finance mechanism which may provide incentives for local coffee cooperatives to maintain high shade tree cover.  REDD+ has potential multiple benefits other than carbon sequestration, including the conservation of biodiversity.  When monitoring for REDD+, surveys of bird biodiversity may prove to be particularly valuable: apart from their high intrinsic value and their value as essential ecosystem service providers, birds inhabiting forest habitats are extremely sensitive to forest loss and forest degradation and are therefore potential useful...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6589/version/1

Swine Influenza A Evolution via Recombination - Genetic Drift Reservoir
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman.
The looming influenza pandemic has focused attention^1-4^ on the rapid evolution of H5N1 and other human and avian serotypes.  The basic tenets of influenza genetics^5^ define gradual changes as drifts caused by point mutations created by a polymerase that lacks a proof reading function.  More abrupt changes have been linked to reassortment, which shuffles the eight sub-genomic segments of the influenza genome in dually infected host. The complex evolution of these viruses has created a challenge in vaccine development.  Swine influenza isolates from 2003 and 2004 have been identified^6^ that have acquired a human influenza gene, PB1.  My analysis of the eight gene segments found large portions of two genes, PB2 and PA, which were identical matches with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/385/version/1

A generic approach for representing complex structures in biological models
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert I. Muetzelfeldt.
Increasingly, the biological modelling community is looking for ways of handling complex and possibly dynamic structures in their models.   On the one hand, the pathway-modelling groups (SBML and CellML) seek to move up levels of organisation, while on the other hand the &amp;#x22;Virtual X&amp;#x22; communities (where X is some organism or organ) need to represent the organisational structure within their object of study.   To date, various approaches have been proposed, such as  the SBML Level 3 &amp;#x27;comp&amp;#x27;, &amp;#x27;spatial&amp;#x27;, &amp;#x27;array&amp;#x27; and &amp;#x27;dyn&amp;#x27; extension packages, and domain-specific elements in languages such as NeuroML, but there is no generic approach intended to be adopted by the various...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5188/version/1

Coexistence by recruitment variation: How large is the contribution of relative nonlinearity?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chi Yuan; Peter Chesson.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Recruitment variation is believed to be an important mechanism of species coexistence in variable environments. This mechanism, however, is a composite of two other mechanisms: the storage effect, and relative nonlinearity. The storage effect is a formalization of the concept of temporal environmental niche differentiation.  It is well-understood theoretically and has been tested in natural systems such as forests and annual plant communities. Relative nonlinearity results from species differences in nonlinear responses to fluctuations in competition. Such differences arise whenever species differ in life-history traits such as mean longevity. While the storage effect is assumed to be the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3595/version/1

Errors in Length-weight Parameters at FishBase.org
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael Courtney; Simeon Cole-Fletcher; Lucas  Marin-Salcedo; Ajaya Rana.
Background:  FishBase.org is an on-line database of fish related data that has been cited over 1500 times in the fisheries literature.  Length-weight relationships in fish traditionally employ the model, W(L) = aL^b^, where L is length and W is weight.  Parameters a and b are catalogued by FishBase for a large number of sources and species.  FishBase.org detects outliers in a plot of log(a) vs. b to identify dubious length-weight parameters.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Materials and Methods: To investigate possible errors, length-weight parameters from FishBase.org were used to graph length-weight curves for six different species: channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), black crappie (Pomoxis nigromacalatus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), rainbow trout...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5927/version/1

Roman roads: The hierarchical endosymbiosis of cognitive modules
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Serial endosymbiosis theory provides a unifying paradigm for examining the interaction of cognitive modules at vastly different scales of biological, social, and cultural organization. A trivial but not unimportant model associates a dual information source with a broad class of cognitive processes, and punctuated phenomena akin to phase transitions in physical systems, and associated coevolutionary processes, emerge as consequences of the homology between information source uncertainty and free energy density. The dynamics, including patterns of punctuation similar to ecosystem resilience transitions, are largely dominated by the availability of &amp;#x27;Roman roads&amp;#x27; constituting channels for the transmission of information between modules.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3892/version/1

Discussion on preservation mechanism of Yersinia pestis by Citellus undulatus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Cunning Qian; Jichun Lin; Yuming Feng; Xiaoxue Zhang; Cheng Wang; Gang Lei.
Studies prove that plague in _Citellus undulatus_ exists in the nature with the pattern of successive prevalence every year. _Citellophilus tesquorum altaicus_ is not only the main transmission vector, but also the reservoir of _C. undulatus_ plague. And the latter can spread _Yersinia pestis_. The fact challenges to the traditional theory of natural focus and carries out a theory breakthrough.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3260/version/1

Future Predictions of _Cyclamen_ Distribution in the Mediterranean Region
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Claudia Ciotir; Chris Yesson; Alastair Culham.
_Cyclamen_ (Myrsinaceae) occupy the Mediterranean region, with highest diversity in Greece and Turkey, with a few species endemic to islands. _Cyclamen_ species have a phenological preference for dry summers and wet winters. A recent study developed models of the climatic niches of _Cyclamen_. These models were projected into future climate scenarios for 2050. The area of climatic suitability for every _Cyclamen_ species is predicted to decrease. A limited dispersal capacity places them at high risk of extinction. Half of the species are threat ened with extinction due to their potential area loss, indicating that conservation and protection for these species has to be implemented by adding them to the red list.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3066/version/1

Aboveground Net Primary Productivity in Grazed and Ungrazed pastures: Grazing Optimisation Hypothesis or Local Extinction of Vegetation Species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Silvanus G. Otieno; Jesse T. Njoka; Truman P. Young; Stephen M. Mureithi; Robinson K. Ngugi.
The controversy that has surrounded herbivory studies in the last few decades prompted our investigation to establish the extent to which herbivore optimisation hypothesis or compensatory growth evidence is real. We used the traditional movable cage method to collect primary productivity data on herbage, functional groups and key individual grass species in various controlled large herbivore treatments in an east African savanna. The herbivore treatments in triplicate blocks included cattle, wild herbivores with and without mega herbivores and combinations of cattle and wild herbivores also with and without mega herbivores. The findings revealed that at herbage level, most grazed treatments (four out of five) had higher productivity than the ungrazed...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3452/version/1

Strong violation of the competitive exclusion principle
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lev V. Kalmykov; Vyacheslav L. Kalmykov.
Bacteria and plants are able to form population waves as a result of their consumer behaviour and propagation. A soliton-like interpenetration of colliding population waves was assumed but not proved earlier. Here we show how and why colliding population waves of trophically identical but fitness different species can interpenetrate through each other without delay. We have hypothesized and revealed here that the last mechanism provides a stable coexistence of two, three and four species, competing for the same limiting resource in the small homogeneous habitat under constant conditions and without any fitness trade-offs. We have explained the mystery of biodiversity mechanistically because (i) our models are bottom-up mechanistic, (ii) the revealed...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6667/version/1

Pioneer Discovery of secondary gold deposits-unique bacterioforms andplacers in north Goa from deep coremetabiosphere
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nandkumar M. Kamat.
Bacterioform secondary gold deposits were discovered in tilloid overlaying archaean base rock (metagraywacke) in Sanvordem rock formation, at the depth of 65 metres in north Goa , India and were confirmed optically as microbiogenic Gold. Multiple and unique forms were seen. This is claimed to be first report of bacterioform Gold in deep cores in Goa, India and Asia.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5497/version/1

Results of a Wildlife Toxicology Workshop held by Smithsonian Institution: Identification &amp;#x26; Prioritization of Problem Statements
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: K. Christiana Grim; Mark Jankowski; Alonso Aguirre; Val Beasley; Anne Fairbrother; Sarah Gerould; Barnett Rattner; Teri Rowles; Steve Monfort; Shirlee Tan.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;On March 13-15, 2007 nearly 50 scientists and administrators from the US and Canada participated in a Smithsonian-sponsored Wildlife Toxicology Workshop. Invitees were from academic, government, conservation and private organizations and were selected to represent the diverse disciplines that encompass wildlife toxicology. The workshop addressed scientific and policy issues, strengths and weaknesses of current research strategies, interdisciplinary and science-based approaches in the study of complex contaminant issues, mechanisms for disseminating data to policy-makers, and the development of a partner network to meet the challenges facing wildlife toxicology over the next decade. Prior to the meeting,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3684/version/1

17 years of integrated research, monitoring, and management of HWA and hemlock ecosystems at Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Richard Evans.
Delaware Water Gap National Recreation Area (&amp;#x201c;the park&amp;#x201d;) covers 28,000 ha along the Delaware River in Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Eastern hemlock forests cover 2,200 ha (8%) of the park, and are often associated with trout streams and scenic waterfalls. Activities like trout fishing, bird watching, and hiking are concentrated in hemlock forests, and many of these areas are officially designated as &amp;#x201c;Outstanding Natural Features&amp;#x201d; having &amp;#x201c;high intrinsic or unique values.&amp;#x201d; In 1989 hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) was detected in the park, and since 1993 the park has conducted a program to address the threats that hemlock woolly adelgid and hemlock decline poses to park resources. This program...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5520/version/1

Effects of processes at the population and community level on carbon dynamics of an ecosystem model
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carlos A. Sierra; Mark E. Harmon.
Ecological processes at the population and community level are often ignored in biogeochemical models, however, the effects of excluding these processes at the ecosystem level is uncertain. In this study we analyzed the set of behaviors that emerge after introducing population and community processes into an ecosystem carbon model. We used STANDCARB, a hybrid model that incorporates population, community, and ecosystem processes to predict carbon dynamics over time. Our simulations showed that at the population level, colonization and mortality rates can limit the maximum biomass achieved during a successional sequence. Specifically, colonization rates control temporal lags in the initiation of carbon accumulation, and mortality rates can have important...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1918/version/1

Comparative genomics and disorder prediction identify biologically relevant SH3 protein interactions
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pedro Beltrao; Luis Serrano.
Protein interaction networks are an important part of the post-genomic effort to integrate a part-list view of the cell into system-level understanding. Using a set of 11 yeast genomes we show that combining comparative genomics and secondary structure information greatly increases consensus-based prediction of SH3 targets. Benchmarking of our method against positive and negative standards gave 83% accuracy with 26% coverage. The concept of an optimal divergence time for effective comparative genomics studies was analyzed, demonstrating that genomes of species that diverged very recently from _Saccharomyces cerevisiae_ (_S. mikatae_, _S. bayanus_, and _S. paradoxus_), or a long time ago (_Neurospora crassa_ and _Schizosaccharomyces pombe_), contain less...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/16/version/1

ExO: An Ontology for Exposure Science
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carolyn J. Mattingly; Thomas  E. McKone; Michael Callahan; Judith  Blake; Elaine A. Cohen Hubal.
An ontology is a formal representation of knowledge within a domain and typically consists of classes, the properties of those classes, and the relationships between them.  Ontologies are critically important for specifying data of interest in a consistent manner, thereby enabling data aggregation, analysis and exchange.  An exposure ontology, consistent with those being used in toxicology and other health sciences, is required to formally represent exposure concepts, the relationships between these concepts and most important, the relationships between exposure, susceptibility, and toxicology information.  A successful exposure ontology must facilitate the semantic retrieval of exposure data in the context of environmental health science, medical...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Data Standards.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6321/version/1

Vermiculiphily: Larvae Pollinating Orchids!
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Pankaj Kumar; Gopal S. Rawat.
Orchids are truly extraordinary organisms exhibiting a wide range of pollination mechanism, many of which awaits discovery. Epipactis veratrifolia is a terrestrial orchid that has been reported to be pollinated by various species of hoverflies in Israel1,2. This orchid is known to emit the smell of aphid pheromone that attracts hoverflies, which lay eggs inside the flower and in the process pollinate them. Recently, we observed a species of hoverfly (Ischiodon scutellaris) pollinate the same orchid species in the Western Himalaya while laying eggs inside the flowers. Ischiodon scutellaris is being reported for the first time as pollinator of this orchid. However, all flowers don&amp;#x2019;t get pollinated, even though insects visit them and lay eggs...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6295/version/1

3D model of lamprey estrogen receptor with estradiol and 15[alpha]-hydroxy-estradiol
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker; David J. Chang; Charlie Chandsawangbhuwana.
Lamprey, a basal vertebrate, contains orthologs of the estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor and corticoid receptor.  A perplexing property of lamprey is that 15[alpha]-hydroxy-steroids are active steroids.  For example, 15[alpha]-hydroxy-estradiol [15[alpha]-OH-E2] is the estrogen, instead of estradiol (E2).  To investigate how 15[alpha]-OH-E2 binds lamprey ER, we constructed a 3D model of the lamprey ER with E2 and 15[alpha]-OH-E2.  Our 3D model shows that S[delta] on Met-409 can form a hydrogen bond with the 15[alpha]-hydroxyl on 15[alpha]-OH-E2.  In human ER[alpha], the corresponding residue Ile-424 has a van der Waals contact with 15[alpha]-OH-E2.  BLAST analysis of GenBank indicates that among vertebrate ERs, only lamprey ER contains a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2768/version/1

Decadal-scale changes in seagrass coverage on the Mississippi barrier islands, northern Gulf of Mexico
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gregory A. Carter; G. Alan Criss; Gabriel A. Blossom; Patrick D. Biber.
Seagrasses provide habitat for a wide variety of aquatic species, and reduce coastal erosion via sediment stabilization. The areal coverage of seagrass beds on the Mississippi barrier islands appears to have declined substantially since the 1960s. However, difficulties in sampling benthic vegetation, differences among previous studies in survey methods, and a lack of data on year-to-year variation in coverage have impeded quantitative study of this decline. Thus, the goal of the present study was to utilize historical remote sensing data to quantitatively determine changes in seagrass (predominantly Halodule wrightii Ascherson) coverage on the Mississippi barrier islands. Analyses were limited to imagery acquired during late summer through autumn, when...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3669/version/1

Looking at the Beginnings: Enquiries about Emergence of Cognition in Evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Walter Riofrio.
Trying to understand when and how the cognitive phenomena arise in evolution continues being a hard problem of confronting. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;One important task is to find the ways in which we will be able to arrive at those explanations that will enable us to understand how living beings put together perceived sensory information as well as how they represent it. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In this presentation, we address some conceptual questions involved in the relationships between sensorial information perceived by brains and its representational capacities. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/413/version/1

Anthropogenic Renourishment Feedback on Shorebirds: a Multispecies Bayesian Perspective
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matteo  Convertino; Joseph Donoghue; Ma Librada Chu-Agor; Gregory Kiker; Rafael  Munoz-Carpena; Richard  Fischer; Igor Linkov.
In this paper the realized niche of the Snowy Plover (Charadrius alexandrinus), a primarily resident Florida shorebird, is described as a function of the scenopoetic and bionomic variables at the nest-, landscape-, and regional-scale. We identified some possible geomorphological controls that influence nest-site selection and survival using data collected along the Florida Gulf coast. In particular we focused on the effects of beach replenishment interventions on the Snowy Plover (SP), and on the migratory Piping Plover&amp;#x9;(PP)&amp;#x9;(Charadrius&amp;#x9;melodus )&amp;#x9;and&amp;#x9;Red&amp;#x9;Knot&amp;#x9;(RK)&amp;#x9;(Calidris&amp;#x9;canutus ).&amp;#x9;Additionally, we investigated the potential differences between the SP breeding and wintering...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5872/version/1

The Effects of Climate Change on the Phenological Interactions of Plants and Pollinators
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David W. Inouye.
Symposium title: Interdisciplinary Canary: Linkages between Ecology and Sustainable Decision Making in a Dynamic Environment&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*1) Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The responses of pollinators to climate change could include changes in phenology of migratory pollinators and in the routes or destinations for their migration, changes in the phenology and distribution of non-migratory species, and changes in the host plants they visit for nectar and pollen.  Plants face similar challenges with regard to changes in their distributions, their reproductive phenology, and interactions with both co-flowering species and pollinators (competition, facilitation, etc.).  Unless pollinators and their host plants are...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3583/version/1

Ecological, phenological and biochemical significance of bimodal fruiting of Boletus alutaceus morgan
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nandkumar Kamat.
Boletus alutaceus Morgan an ectomycorrhizal species was extensively studied from an ecologically fragmented microhabitt colonized by its&amp;#x27; host plant Ficus benghalensis L. in the Goa University campus, Taleigao, Goa, India. Qualitatively the fruiting cycles were monitored for three years and thereafter detail ecological and morphological investigations were carried out in May and November 2004. A bimodal temporal fruting pattern emerged which may have significant ecological, phenological and biochemical role in EM dynamics.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2835/version/1

The phage-host interaction as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Swapnil G. Sanmukh; Waman N. Paunikar; Dilip B. Meshram; Satish K. Lokhande; Tarun K. Ghosh.
This document contains the presentation by Swapnil G Sanmukh et al, National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI), Nagpur on &amp;#x201c;The phage-host interaction as a model for studying carbon regulation in aquatic system&amp;#x201d; during Second National Research Conference on Climate Change, organized by the Centre for Science and Environment, IIT Delhi and IIT Madras on November 5-6, 2011 at New Delhi.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7059/version/1

ESG: Extended Similarity Group method for automated protein function prediction
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Meghana Chitale; Troy Hawkins; Changsoon Park; Daisuke Kihara.
We present here the Extended Similarity Group (ESG) method, which annotates query sequences with Gene Ontology (GO) terms by assigning probability to each annotation computed based on iterative PSI-BLAST searches. Conventionally sequence homology based function annotation methods, such as BLAST, retrieve function information from top hits with a significant score (E-values). In contrast, the PFP method, which we have presented previously, goes one step ahead in utilizing a PSI-BLAST result by considering very weak hits even an E-value of up to 100 and also by incorporating the functional association between GO terms (FAM matrix) computed using term co-occurrence frequencies in the UniProt database. PFP is very successful which is evidenced by the top rank...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2193/version/1

Metapopulation capacity with self-colonization: Finding the best patches in fragmented habitats
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jessica K. Schnell; Gareth J. Russell; Grant M. Harris; Stuart L. Pimm.
Habitat fragmentation continues to be a leading threat for our global future. Methods to quantify fragmentation of habitat landscapes, particularly for endangered species, would be especially useful in conservation planning. Using the principles of metapopulation theory, we updated and devised two methods for analyzing fragmented landscapes: metapopulation capacity and abandonment rate. Our version of metapopulation capacity includes a self-colonization component to counteract the issue metapopulation theory experiences with single large patches. We then tested these methods on satellite image range maps of endemic birds in the highland forests of northern Central America.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The metapopulation capacity method proved to be a...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5356/version/1

Noise, cycles, and noisy cycles in finite populations
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mario Pineda-Krch.
Periodic predator-prey dynamics in constant environments are usually taken as indicative of deterministic limit cycles. It is known, however, that demographic stochasticity in finite populations can also give rise to regular population cycles, even when the corresponding deterministic models predict a stable equilibrium. The existence of quasi-cycles substantially expands the scope for natural patterns of periodic population oscillations caused by ecological interactions, thereby complicating the conclusive interpretation of such patterns. It is, however, feasible and straightforward to accurately distinguish between the two types of cycle through the combined analysis of autocorrelations and marginal distributions of population sizes. By confronting these...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/48/version/1

Reservoir of Bacterial Exotoxin Genes in the Environment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Veronica Casas; Joseph Magbanua; Gerico  Sobrepe&amp;#xf1;a; Stanley Maloy.
This is the first report of an environmental reservoir of a bacterial exotoxin gene harbored in an atypical host in the environment. Screening bacterial isolates from the environment via sea-specific PCR identified an isolate with a DNA sequence  &amp;#x3e;95% identical to the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A gene (_sea_). 16S DNA sequence comparisons identified the environmental isolate as a Pseusodomonad. Laboratory studies confirmed that this Pseudomonad is psychrophilic. The results indicate that the _sea_ gene is present in an alternative bacterial host, providing the first evidence for an environmental reservoir of exotoxin genes in bacteria. Transfer of these genes between phage and alternative bacterial hosts may promote the evolution of novel...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2065/version/1

Differences of morphological and ecological characters among lineages of Chilean Rhinocryptidae in relation an sister lineage of  Furnariidae.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alejandro Correa Rueda; Jorge Mpodozis; Michel Sallaberry.
Eight species of Rhinocryptidae are recognized from Chile. Moreover, morphological, ecological and behavioral differences  among two lineages of  _Scytalopus_ and two species of _Pteroptochos_ are  unclear. According to our results, there are no decisive criteria differentiating among subspecific sister taxa of _Scelorchilus albicollis_, _S. rubecula_ and _Pteroptochos megapodius_. Here we discuss the speciation of the chilean Rhinocryptidae based in their behaviour. We propose  a new methodology  based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1606/version/2

Scaling of soaring seabirds and its implication for the maximum size of flying pterosaurs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Katsufumi Sato; Kentaro Q. Sakamoto; Yutaka Watanuki; Akinori Takahashi; Nobuhiro Katsumata; Charles-Andre Bost; Henri Weimerskirch.
The flight ability of animals is restricted by the scaling effects imposed by physical and physiological factors. In comparisons of the power available from muscle and the mechanical power required to fly, theoretical studies have predicted that the margin between the powers should decrease with body size and that flying animals have a maximum body size. However, predicting an absolute value of this upper limit has been difficult because wing morphology and flight styles vary among species. Albatrosses and petrels have long, narrow, aerodynamically efficient wings and are considered to be soaring birds. Here, using animal-borne accelerometers, we show that scaling analyses of wing-flapping frequencies in these seabirds indicate that the maximum size limit...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2605/version/1

Money handling influences BMI: a survey of cashiers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shraddha Karve; Ketaki Shurpali; Neelesh Dahanukar; Maithili Jog; Milind Watve.
Money is a recent phenomenon in the evolutionary history of man and therefore no separate brain centre to handle money is likely to have evolved. The brain areas activated by food reward and money reward are extensively overlapping. In an experimental set-up, hunger was demonstrated to influence money related decisions and money related thoughts to influence hunger. This suggests that the brain areas evolved for handling food related emotions are exapted to handle money and therefore there could be a neuronal cross-talk between food and money. If this is true then attitude and behavior related to money and wealth could influence obesity. We conducted a survey of 211 individuals working as full time cashiers in order to test whether ownership over the cash,...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2708/version/1

Eutrophication: Can nanophosphorous control this menace?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Deepika  Bhalla; Siddhartha  S. Mukhopadhyay.
Eutrophication is a threat to quality of surface and ground water bodies (SWB) and to bio-diversity of the aquatic eco-system. One of the causes of P accumulation in SWB is its excess application as a fertilizer on agricultural lands. Phosphorus buffering also contributes to eutrophication and remains a major problem years after the release of P is brought under control. It could be discerned from many experiments conducted world over that addition of small amount of P can remove excess P from soils, provided the solution P is maintained in such a manner that productivity is sustained, and nano-P could possibly play a role in it. In such endeavours, P must be applied to soils in amount exact to the requirement of crop. Of course ecological cautions of use...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3763/version/1

Examining methanogens in northern peatlands: Potential role of ecological and latitudinal trends
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Peatlands are a type of wetlands where accumulation of organic matter exceeds its decomposition. They are primarily distributed in northern latitudes and store more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem (~455 Pg). Methane (CH4) production is one of the most important microbially-driven processes relevant to the global influence of peatlands in carbon cycling and atmospheric change. Multiple factors have been found to affect CH4 production in peatlands. However, little is known about the Archaea performing this process. Geochemical, molecular, culturing and genomics techniques have allowed us to pursue questions about the diversity, abundance, distribution, and adaptations of methanoarchaea inhabiting...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5507/version/1

Mechanisms linking plant diversity to large herbivore performance
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ling Wang; Deli Wang; Zhengbiao He; Guofang Liu; Ken Hodgkinson.
There is established concern that loss of biodiversity will affect ecosystem productivity, nutrient cycling, carbon storage, stability and other properties^1,2^. Interactions between trophic levels are thought to link changes to biodiversity and ecosystem processes^3-6^. However, there is a lack of empirical studies linking plant diversity with altered trophic levels^7,8^, especially for large herbivores, the important but often neglected, controlling trophic level in terrestrial systems. Here we examine responses in performance of the large generalist herbivore to changes in plant diversity, using an indoor cafeteria trial and a field experiment. Our results show that increased plant diversity improves herbivore performance but it is depressed at highest...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2058/version/1

Thermal characterization of Plasmodium falciparum species specific proteins in Indian geographical area.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohit Bhardwaj; Leena Bharadwaj; Kritika Trigunayat; Madan Mohan Trigunayat.
The paper reveals thermal characteristics of _P.falciparum_ species specific proteins. These proteins determine why _P. vivex_ species are dominant over _P.falciparum_ in Indian geographical area. Outside human host plasmodium parasite survives in poikilothermal mosquitoes. Climatic temperature conditions greatly affect native state of _P.falciparum_ species specific proteins in mosquitoes. Study of climatic temperature conditions in Indian geographical area reveals that Pfsd protein for _Plasmodium falciparum_ can remain in native state between &amp;#x2265;7 degree centigrade and &amp;#x2264;42.6 degree centigrade temperature conditions. While their best optimum functions (activity) was noted between 25.3 degree centigrade to 33degree centigrade. Pfsd...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4565/version/2

Critical nutritional stress among adult tribal populations of West Bengal and Orissa, India.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Samiran Bisai; Kaushik  Bose.
This paper deals with cross-sectional studies carried out during the period 2004-2007. It is based on eight data sets of tribals of Paschim Medinipur and Bankura Districts of West Bengal and Keonjhar District of Orissa.  The tribes include Bhumijs, Kora Mudis, Lodhas, Santals, Bathudis and Savars.  Height and weight were measured following standard techniques.  The body mass index (BMI) was computed following standard equation.  Nutritional status (chronic energy deficiency, CED) was evaluated using internationally accepted cut-off values of BMI.  We followed the World Health Organization&amp;#x27;s classification (1995) of the public health problem of low BMI, based on adult populations worldwide.  Our results show that, in general, among the tribes...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7068/version/2

Quantum probabilities in competing lizard communities
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diederik Aerts; Marek Czachor; Bart D&amp;#x27;Hooghe; Maciej Kuna; Barry Sinervo; Sandro Sozzo.
Despite predictive success, population dynamics and evolutionary game theory still pose fundamental problems. Violation of the competitive exclusion principle in plankton communities provides an example. A promising solution of this &amp;#x2018;paradox of the plankton&amp;#x2019; comes from theories involving cyclic competition, an evolutionary analogue of the classical rock-paper-scissors (RPS) game. However, modeling probabilistic RPS structures, one encounters a fundamental difficulty: the pairs rock-scissors, scissors-paper, and paper-rock possess representations in separate Kolmogorovian probability spaces, but a single global probability space for entire triplets does not exist. Populations that take part in cyclic competition should therefore...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6954/version/1

Competition between spiders and pitcher plants?  Prey availability and trophic interactions in bogs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Clarisse Hart; Jonathan Mejia; Nicholas J. Gotelli; Aaron M. Ellison.
Web-building spiders (e.g. _Frontinella communis_ and _Neriene radiata_) and northern pitcher plants (_Sarracenia purpurea_) are co-occurring sit-and-wait predators that may compete for shared arthropod prey. We evaluated prey availability and capture rates by web-weaving spiders and pitcher plants in a headwater stream box complex (Harvard Pond) in central Massachusetts. We established 40 plots with spider and pitcher plant removal treatments, and collected arthropod prey captured by open pitcher plants, pitfall traps, and sticky traps in those plots. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The removal of web-building spiders significantly changed the distribution of prey captured by the pitcher plants (Chi-square test: P = 2.2 &amp;#xd7; 10-16 at Harvard...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3662/version/1

Frost and flowers: Predicting the effects of climate change on spring frost damage using a large pollen count dataset
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Daniel Katz.
Background/Question/Methods &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Climate change is resulting in warmer average temperatures in much of North America, leading to earlier flowering dates for most tree genera.  However, earlier flowering dates can increase the chance of frost damage which may in turn reduce or eliminate seed and fruit production.  This has important implications for both forest regeneration and the organisms which depend on these resources.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Although specific examples, such as the &amp;#x201c;Easter frost&amp;#x201d; of 2007, show that frost damage can have extreme short term impacts on tree reproduction, we lack a general understanding of the frequency and importance of these events in non-agricultural contexts.  Moreover, the magnitude by...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5365/version/1

Acute Toxicity of Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid on Early Life Stages of Daphnia Magna, Siriella Armata, Paracentrotus Lividus Sea Urchin, and Turbot (Scophthalmus Maximus L.).
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lazhar Mhadhbi; Sara P&amp;#xe9;rez Fernandez; Diego Real Conde; Moncef Boumaiza; Ricardo Beiras.
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant whose potential toxicity is causing great concern. In the present study, we used two crustaceans (_Daphnia magna_, _Siriella armata_), echinoid embryos (_Paracentrotus lividus_) and turbot (_Scophthalmus maximus L._) embryos and larvae to investigate the acute toxicity of this compound. The marine species _S. armata_ exhibited greater sensitivity than the freshwater species _D. magna_. In the 48-h acute toxicity test the median lethal concentration was 10.96 mg/L for _S. armata_ and 87.46 mg/L for _D. magna_. In the 96h toxicity test, turbot showed the lowest EC50 (0.155 mgL-1), whilst the EC50 for _S. armata_ was 7.92 mgL-1 which was approximately three times lower than that for sea urchin...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4657/version/1

Metabolic constraints on the evolution of genetic codes: Did multiple &amp;#x27;preaerobic&amp;#x27; ecosystem transitions entrain richer dialects via Serial Endosymbiosis?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
A spontaneous symmetry lifting model based on Tlusty&amp;#x27;s elegant topological deconstruction suggests that multiple punctuated ecosystem resilience regime changes in metabolic free energy that were broadly similar to the aerobic transition enabled a punctuated sequence of increasingly complex genetic codes and protein translators. In a manner similar to the Serial Endosymbiosis effecting the Eukaryotic transition, codes and translators coevolved until the ancestor of the present narrow spectrum of protein machineries became locked-in by evolutionary path dependence at a relatively modest level of fitness reflecting a modest embedding metabolic free energy ecology. The simplest coevolutionary model of code-translator interaction has high and low...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4120/version/3

Biospheric context of Siberian development
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Georgii A. Alexandrov; Gen Inoue; Tsuneo Matsunaga.
Productivity of ecosystems surrounding a city is important for supporting its activities in a sustainable way. The total terrestrial net primary production (NPP) shows biosphere potential to supply primary food energy source for all non-autotrophic species including humans. Humans appropriate approximately 20% of NPP, in average. Even in the relatively well-populated regions of Siberia, NPP per capita exceeds the average level by several times suggesting the window of opportunity for achieving sustainable development. (3 pages, 1086 words, 2 maps)&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2478/version/1

The impact of forest logging and fragmentation on the species richness and density of Malagasy rainforest carnivores
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brian D. Gerber; Sarah M. Karpanty; Johny S. A. R. A. H. Randrianantenaina.
Despite significant efforts to understand and conserve Madagascar&amp;#x2019;s unique biodiversity, relatively little is known about the island&amp;#x2019;s carnivore populations.  We sampled four rainforest sites to explore the effects of forest logging and fragmentation on carnivore species richness and the density of the two largest endemic carnivores, the Fossa (Cryptoprocta ferox) and Malagasy Civet (Fossa fossana). Our rainforest sites were selected across a gradient of increasing anthropogenic disturbance from primary to selectively-logged to fragmented forest &amp;#x3c; 2.5 km from primary forest, to fragmented forest &amp;#x3e; 20 km from primary forest. We deployed a minimum of 26 passive infrared camera stations at each forest site to...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5259/version/1

Codonopsis pilosula twines either to the left or to the right
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gonghua Lin; Fang Zhao; Eviatar Nevo; Tongzuo Zhang; Jianping Su.
We report the twining handedness of Codonopsis pilosula, which has either a left- or right-handed helix among different plants, among different tillers within a single plant, and among different branches within a single tiller. The handedness was randomly distributed among different plants, among the tillers within the same plants, but not among the branches within the same tillers. Moreover, the handedness of the stems can be strongly influenced by external forces, i.e. the compulsory left and right forming inclined to produce more left- and right-handed twining stems, respectively, and the reversing could make a left-handed stem to be right-handed and vice versa. We also discuss the probable mechanisms these curious cases happen.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7026/version/1

When Spandrels Become Arches: Neural crosstalk and the evolution of consciousness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Once cognition is recognized as having a &amp;#x27;dual&amp;#x27; information source, the information theory chain rule implies that isolating coresident information sources from crosstalk requires more metabolic free energy than permitting correlation. This provides conditions for an evolutionary exaptation leading to the rapid, shifting global neural broadcasts of consciousness. The argument is quite analogous to the well-studied exaptation of noise to trigger stochastic resonance amplification in neurons and neuronal subsystems. Astrobiological implications are obvious.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Neuroscience; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6115/version/1

Through Birds&amp;#x27; Eyes: What does vision tell us about foraging in cormorants?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Graham Martin.
Great Cormorants _Phalacrocorax carbo_ are regarded as visually-guided, pursuit-dive foragers, so it would be expected that they have excellent vision much like aerial predators, such as hawks which detect and pursue prey from a distance.  However, my research shows that underwater the visual acuity of Cormorants is surprisingly poor (in fact, similar or worse than unaided humans under water) and very inferior to that of aerial predatory birds. I suggest that Cormorants are able to detect typical prey items only at close range and conclude that cormorants are not the aquatic equivalent of hawks. It seems that their efficient hunting involves the use of specialised foraging techniques which employ rapid neck extension to capture prey that cormorants flush...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1188/version/1

Glacial cycles promote greater dispersal, which can help explain larger clutch sizes, in north temperate birds
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: David W. Winkler; Russell Greenberg; Thomas E. Martin; Frederick R. Adler; Samuel  M. Flaxman.
Earth&amp;#x2019;s glacial history and patterns in the life history traits of the planet&amp;#x2019;s avifauna suggest the following interpretations of how recent geological history has affected these key characteristics of the biota: 1) Increased colonizing ability has been an important advantage of increased dispersal, and life history strategies are better categorized by dispersive colonizing ability than by their intrinsic growth rates; 2) Birds of the North Temperate Zone show a greater tendency to disperse, and they disperse farther, than tropical or south temperate birds; 3) Habitat changes associated with glacial advance and retreat selected for high dispersal ability, particularly in the North; and 4) Selection for greater dispersal throughout the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2911/version/1

Light converts endosymbiotic fungus to pathogen, influencing seedling survival and host tree recruitment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Patricia Alvarez; James White Jr; Nataly Gil; Jens-Christian Svenning; Henrik Balslev; Thea Kristiansen.
Endophytic fungi that asymptomatically colonize plants^1^ are diverse and abundant in tropical ecosystems^2^. These organisms can be weakly pathogenic^3^ and/or mutualistic, frequently enabling plants to adapt to extreme environments, alter competitive abilities of host individuals and improve host fitness under abiotic or biotic stresses^4,5,6^. _Diplodia mutila_ is a symbiotic endophyte/plant pathogenic fungus infecting the palm _Iriartea deltoidea_^7^, which dominates many wet lowland Neotropical forests. The fungus is an asymptomatic endophyte in mature plants, and disease and mortality are expressed in some seedlings, while others remain disease free. Here we show that seedlings bearing the endophyte show enhanced resistance to insect herbivory....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1908/version/1

Changes in enzyme activities and in the functional diversity of actinomycetes due to long term agricultural management
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jessica L. M. Gutknecht; Elke Schulz; Venukumar Vemula; Jana Schmidt; Gabi Henning; Jackie Rose; Yvonne Eckstein; Mika Tarkka.
Long-term agricultural management alters soil organic matter, nutrient status, and potentially the decomposer community. We measured the abundance and activity of cellulose, chitin, and protease degrading bacteria, and total soil extra-cellular enzyme activity for cellulose (&amp;#x3b2;-glucosidase), chitinase (N-acetyl-glucosaminidase), xylosidase, and phosphatase activity. By combining these methods, we could determine how bacterial decomposer abundance and function were altered by long-term management, and how the bacterial decomposer community relates to overall soil enzyme activity. We also measured microbial total fungal and bacterial biomass, soil organic carbon pools, and extractable nitrogen for supplementary comparisons. Soil samples were taken...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6792/version/1

Geological Controls on Water Resource Variability in Minnesota, USA
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Howard  Mooers; Roman Kanivetsky; John  Nieber; Heidi  Peterson; Carol Johnston; Boris Shmagin.
Sustainable management of water resources requires quantitative description of spatio-temporal variability, and the map is a universal medium to reflect the spatio-temporal distribution of water resources. The long history of cartography and the recent digital revolution have culminated in the Google Earth web portal with unprecedented frequency of daily use. System analysis with combination of a cyber model of landscapes, multidimensional methods of data analysis, and GIS cartography of water resources in Minnesota started in 1996 with support from faculty of Department of Geology University of Minnesota-Duluth and has continued ever since. The &amp;#x201c;Water Resource Sustainability&amp;#x201d; project, funded by the Legislative Citizens Commission on...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3957/version/1

AGMAAS: a GIS integrated tool for modelling wind-borne spreading of FMD virus
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Judit S&amp;#xe1;bitz; Zolt&amp;#xe1;n Barcza Solymosi; Norbert Solymosi.
The aim of our work was to develop a tool integrated into Quantum GIS (QGIS) that can help&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;the user estimate and visualize the possible infective areas around an outbreak based on HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model.
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7022/version/1

A snake of a different color: physiological color change in Arizona black rattlesnakes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Melissa Amarello; Jeffrey J. Smith.
Coloration may serve a variety of behavioral (e.g., crypsis, communication) and physiological (e.g., thermoregulation, protection) functions for terrestrial ectotherms.  However, optimal coloration for a given function may vary over environments (spatial or temporal) or conflict with other functions.  Physiological color change (rapid change due to movement of pigment granules within chromatophores) may be an adaptation to resolve conflicting selective pressures on coloration.  The proximate factors related to physiological color change are well known in many animals, but few studies have investigated the ecological or evolutionary implications of this behavior.  Here, we present alternative hypotheses for physiological color change and discuss biotic and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6711/version/1

Increased risk and benefit simultaneously alter the outcome of territorial fights
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tsunenori Koga; Satoshi Ikeda.
Competition for resource, including territories is seen in a broad range of taxa. There has been much research on factors that determine the intensity and outcome of competitions (e.g. resource holding potentials: RHP, and resource value: RV). No research, however, has shown how different factors can simultaneously alter the intensity and outcome of contests. We investigated the effects of RV on fighting behavior and success in inter-tidal, territorial male crabs. Under natural conditions the larger rival won contests irrespective of whether he was the resident or intruder (i.e. there was no residency effect). We then motivated intruders to fight hard by subjecting them to the threat of predation, and found that they were more likely to win contests. When...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1619/version/1

Insular gigantism and dwarfism in a snake, adaptive response or spandrel to selection on gape size?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shawn Vincent; Matthew Brandley; Takeo Kuriyama; Akira Mori; Anthony Herrel; Masami Hasegawa.
In biology, spandrels are phenotypic traits that evolve through their underlying developmental, genetic, and/or structural links to another trait under selection^1, 2, 3^. Despite the importance of the concept of spandrels in biology, empirical examples of spandrels are exceedingly rare at the organismal level^2, 3^. Here we test whether body size evolution in insular populations of a snake (_Elaphe quadrivirgata_) is the result of an adaptive response to differences in available prey, or the result of a non-adaptive spandrel resulting from selection on gape size. In contrast to previous hypotheses, Mantel tests show that body size does not coevolve with diet. However, gape size tightly matches diet (birds vs. lizards) across populations, even after...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3360/version/1

Gender Differential in the Association of Body Mass Index and Abdominal Obesity with Prehypertension and Hypertension in Iranian Adults
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mohsen  Janghorbani; Masoud  Amini; Mohammad Mehdi Gouya; Alireza Delavari; Siamak Alikhani; Alireza Mahdavi.
*Objective:* The aim of this study was to determine the gender differential in the relationship of body mass index (BMI) and abdominal obesity with blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and prehypertension (Pre-HTN) among the adult population of Iran.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Design:* A nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted from December 2004 to February 2005. The selection was conducted by stratified probability cluster sampling through household family members in Iran.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*Subjects and Measurements:* Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and systolic and diastolic BP of 45,082 men and 44,322 women aged 15-65 (mean 39.2) were measured....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1829/version/1

Towards sustainable fisheries: Assessing co-management effectiveness for the Columbia River Basin
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sibyl W. Diver.
Co-management theory argues that incorporating local knowledge into fisheries science decision-making can lead to more sustainable fisheries through improved fishery dynamics, reduced harvest pressure, and increased regulatory compliance. The Maine lobster fishery, Japanese fishing cooperatives, and Alaska&amp;#x2019;s Community Development Quota Program are all considered successful models of fisheries co-management. Co-management arrangements between Pacific Northwest treaty tribes and state managers were first established in the 1970s, following court decisions upholding the tribes&amp;#x2019; treaty rights to fish. However, the long-term effectiveness of Pacific Northwest salmon fisheries co-management is not fully understood. Here I present an...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3754/version/1

16S rRNA based identification of _Aeromonas sp. kumar_ by constructing phylogenetic tree and identification of regulatory elements from the harmful Red Tide bloom, Gulf of Mannar
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: P. Kumar; C. M. Ramakritinan; A. K. Kumaraguru.
A bacterial strain, designated _Aeromonas sp. kumar_, was isolated from a water sample collected from Red tide Bloom occurred in the region of Gulf of Mannar region, Puthumadam Coast, India and the strain was identified using 16S rRNA based identification. During the sample collection, microbiology analysis was done to study the morphology of the bacteria. Pure culture of strain was maintained through out the study. DNA was isolated and sequenced using 16S rRNA primers. A length of 1452 nucleotide was sequenced and was put in public data base for obtaining accession number. The sequence was studied using MEGA 4, to estimate the evolutionary distances and to construct the Phylogenetic tree. Along with that Regulatory elements and Transcription factors were...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3898/version/1

Seeds banks of desert annuals in an aridity gradient in the southern Atacama Desert
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diego A. Sotomayor; Julio R. Guti&amp;#xe9;rrez.
*Background/Question/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Annual plant communities are important components of the biodiversity found in the coastal southern Atacama Desert in Chile. Moreover, they are an important economic resource for the human communities living in that area. These plant communities develop, after heavy rainfall episodes, a phenomenon locally known as the &amp;#x201c;blooming of the desert&amp;#x201d;. Although the minimum rainfall thresholds for these plants to emerge are relatively well known, little is known about their seed banks, its composition, dynamics and variation across the latitudinal aridity gradient from south to north. This system is interesting to study species coexistence, as well as, to look for exotic plants invasion, since...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3619/version/1

Bioluminescence emissions of firefly _Luciola praeusta_ Kiesenwetter 1874 (Coleoptera : Lampyridae : Luciolinae)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Anurup Gohain Barua; Simanta Hazarika; Nayanmoni Saikia; Gauranga Dhar Baruah.
_In vivo_ emission and time-resolved spectra of firefly _Luciola praeusta_ Kiesenwetter 1874 (Coleoptera : Lampyridae : Luciolinae) have been recorded. The emission spectrum shows the FWHM value for this particular species to be 55 nm, which is significantly narrower than the _in vivo_ half widths reported till now. The time-resolved spectrum reveals that a flash, of duration about a hundred milliseconds, is in fact composed of a number of microsecond pulses. This result suggests that the speed of the enzyme-catalysed chemiluminescence reaction in the firefly for the emission of light is much faster than is believed to be.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1351/version/2

Breeding ecology and conservation of Brown booby in Gorgona Island, eastern tropical Pacific Ocean
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Andres Ospina-Alvarez.
Breeding ecology and reproductive traits of Brown Booby _Sula leucogaster_ etesiaca in Gorgona Natural National Park, Colombia, were studied. Adults morphometrics, eggs dimensions, chicks growth and nesting site characteristics, were examined at three different locations in the park. As with other subspecies, Brown Booby in Gorgona presents inverted sexual dimorphism, with adult females being lengthier, wider and heavier than adult males. Breeding of S. l. etesiaca results in eggs from the first deposition bigger in weight and dimensions than eggs from the second or third deposition. Growth of brown boobies chicks fit to a natural log equation: bodymass(g) = 0.8773 ln(days) + 3.3895. A variety of spawning aggregations was found, and their relationship with...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5620/version/1

Genetic differentiation of wild and managed _Coffea arabica_ populations in Afromontane rainforest fragments in SW Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Raf Aerts; Gezahegn Berecha; Pieter Gijbels; Sabine Van Glabeke; Katrien Vandepitte; Bart Muys; Isabel Rold&amp;#xe1;n-Ruiz; Olivier Honnay.
*1.*  _Coffea arabica_ L. has its origin and centre of diversity in the Afromontane rainforests of southwestern Ethiopia.  Deforestation, habitat fragmentation and forest degradation threaten this wild coffee gene pool, which is vital to global coffee cultivation.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;*2.*  We investigated genetic variation and diversity within and between eleven coffee stands across a gradient of increasing forest management intensity (&amp;#x2018;forest coffee&amp;#x2019;, unmanaged large continuous forest vs. &amp;#x2018;semi-forest coffee&amp;#x2019;, managed, small fragments) using two multiplex panels of five microsatellite markers each.  We used analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to partition total genetic diversity and applied a Bayesian...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5870/version/1

Biospheric context of Siberian development
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Georgii A. Alexandrov; Gen Inoue; Tsuneo Matsunaga.
Recent publications on human appropriation of Net Primary Production (NPP) raise the question of how much of the biosphere&amp;#x2019;s productivity we can appropriate in a sustainable way.  This article brings the issue into the context of Siberian development.  In contrast to many other regions of the world, the population density in Siberia is still very low as compared to the NPP supplied by regional ecosystems. Hence, it is not too late to raise the question on how much of the NPP supplied by Siberian ecosystems we can appropriate in a sustainable way.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2478/version/2

The Modified Pharaoh Approach: Stingless bees mummify beetle parasites alive
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mark K. Greco; Peter Neumann; Dorothee Hoffmann; Anne Dollin; Michael Duncan; Robert Spooner-Hart.
Social insect colonies usually live in nests, which are often invaded by parasitic species^1^. Workers from these colonies use different defence strategies to combat invaders^1^. Nevertheless, some parasitic species are able to bypass primary colony defences due to their morphology and behaviour^1-3^. In particular, some beetle nest invaders cannot be killed or removed by workers of social bees^2-5^, thus creating the need for alternative social defence strategies to ensure colony survival. Here we show, using Diagnostic Radioentomology^6^, that stingless bee workers _Trigona carbonaria_, immediately mummify invading destructive nest parasites _Aethina tumida_ alive, with a mixture of resin, wax and mud, thereby preventing severe damage to the colony. In...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2591/version/1

Evaluation of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Martin  J. Blaser; Barbara Methe; Bruce  Strober; Guillermo I. Perez Perez; Stuart Brown; Alexander  Alekseyenko.
Psoriasis, a highly prevalent disease of humans of unknown cause, is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily involving skin, with distinctive clinical characteristics. With the newly developed tools that facilitate microbiome research, it now is possible to assess whether the cutaneous microbiome plays a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. Preliminary data from our studies suggest that the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis is complex and possibly different from normal. To deal with this complexity, we propose to examine the cutaneous microbiome in relation to psoriasis with explorations at several taxonomic and informatic levels. Our overall objective is to examine how changes in the normal cutaneous microbiome contributes to the pathogenesis of...
Tipo: Marker Paper / Data Plan
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics; Data Standards.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5276/version/1

Using Trees: Myrmecocystus Phylogeny and Character Evolution and New Methods for Investigating Trait Evolution and Species Delimitation (PhD Dissertation)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Brian C. O&amp;#x27;Meara.
1) Rates of phenotypic evolution have changed throughout the history of life, producing variation in levels of morphological, functional, and ecological diversity among groups. Testing for the presence of these rate shifts is a key component of evaluating hypotheses about what causes them. General predictions regarding changes in phenotypic diversity as a function of evolutionary history and rates are developed, and tests are derived to evaluate rate changes. Simulations show that these tests are more powerful than existing tests using standardized contrasts. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;2) Species delimitation and species tree inference are difficult problems in the case of recent divergences, especially when different loci have different histories. I quantify the...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2261/version/1

Respiratory, postural and spatio-kinetic motor stabilization, internal models, top-down timed motor coordination and expanded cerebello-cerebral circuitry: a review
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: John R. Skoyles.
Human dexterity, bipedality, and song/speech vocalization in Homo are reviewed within a motor evolution perspective in regard to &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(i) brain expansion in cerebello-cerebral circuitry, &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(ii) enhanced predictive internal modeling of body kinematics, body kinetics and action organization, &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(iii) motor mastery due to prolonged practice, &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(iv) task-determined top-down, and accurately timed feedforward motor adjustment of multiple-body/artifact elements, and &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;(v) reduction in automatic preflex/spinal reflex mechanisms that would otherwise restrict such top-down processes. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Dual-task interference and developmental neuroimaging...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2092/version/1

Memristive model of amoeba&amp;#x27;s learning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yuriy V. Pershin; Steven La Fontaine; Massimiliano  Di Ventra.
Recently, behavioural intelligence of the plasmodia of the true slime mold has been demonstrated. It was shown that a large amoeba-like cell Physarum polycephalum subject to a pattern of periodic environmental changes learns and changes its behaviour in anticipation of the next stimulus to come. Currently, it is not known what specific mechanisms are responsible for such behaviour. Here, we show that such behaviour can be mapped into the response of a simple electronic circuit consisting of an LC contour and a memory-resistor (a memristor) to a train of voltage pulses that mimic environment changes. We identify a possible microscopic origin of the memristive behaviour in the Physarum polycephalum, which together with the naturally occurring biological...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2431/version/1

The genetic equidistance result of molecular evolution is independent of mutation rates
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Shi Huang.
The well-established genetic equidistance result shows that sister species are approximately equidistant to a simpler outgroup as measured by DNA or protein dissimilarity.  The equidistance result is the most direct evidence, and remains the only evidence, for the constant mutation rate interpretation of this result, known as the molecular clock.  However, data independent of the equidistance result have steadily accumulated in recent years that often violate a constant mutation rate.  Many have automatically inferred non-equidistance whenever a non-constant mutation rate was observed, based on the unproven assumption that the equidistance result is an outcome of constant mutation rate.  Here it is shown that the equidistance result remains valid even when...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1733/version/3

Expanding the modern synthesis II: Formal perspectives on the inherent role of niche construction in fitness
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rodrick Wallace.
Expanding the modern synthesis requires elevating the role of interaction within and across various biological scales to the status of an evolutionary principle. One way to do this is to characterize genes, gene expression, and embedding environment as information sources linked by crosstalk, constrained by the asymptotic limit theorems of information theory (Wallace, 2010a). This produces an inherently interactive structure that escapes the straightjacket of mathematical population genetics or other replicator dynamics. Here, we examine fitness from that larger perspective, finding it intimately intertwined with niche construction. Two complementary models are explored: niche construction as mediating the connection between environmental signals and gene...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5059/version/2

Genome-scale approach proves that the lungfish-coelacanth sister group is the closest living relative of tetrapods with the BEST program
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yunfeng Y. S. Shan; Robin Gras.
The origin of tetrapods has not been resolved for decades. Three principal hypotheses (lungfish-tetrapod, coelacanth-tetrapod, or lungfish-coelacanth sister group) have been proposed. We used the Bayesian method under the coalescence model with the latest program (BEST) to perform a phylogenetic analysis for seven relevant taxa and 43 nuclear genes encoding amino acid residues with the jackknife method for taxon sub-sampling. The results, combined with those of other three genome-scale approaches, successfully prove the hypothesis that lungfishes and coelacanths form a monophyletic sister group and are equally related to tetrapods supported by high Bayesian posterior probabilities of the branch (a lungfish-coelacanth clade) and high taxon jackknife supports.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3865/version/1

Five years of winter climate change-related research in the Canadian low Arctic: What have we learned?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Paul Grogan; Kate Buckeridge.
The importance of the fall, winter and spring periods to ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling in tundra has only become apparent in the past two decades.  Our research group has been conducting winter climate change-related studies at a low arctic tundra site near Daring Lake, north of Yellowknife in northern Canada for the past five years.  Most of these studies have focused on the biogeochemical interactions between plants, soils, and soil microbes during fall, winter and spring, and on their responses to experimentally deepened snow.  In addition, we have measured trace gas production and isotopic nitrogen tracer distributions among plant and soil components in several vegetation-types.  The central goal has been to understand the potential...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3665/version/1

A bizarre Jurassic maniraptoran from China with elongate ribbon-like feathers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fucheng Zhang; Zhonghe Zhou; Xing Xu; Xiaolin Wang; Corwin Sullivan.
Recent coelurosaurian discoveries have greatly enriched our knowledge of the dinosaur-bird transition, but all reported taxa close to this transition are from relatively well-known coelurosaurian groups^1-3^. Here we report a new basal avialan, Epidexipteryx hui gen. et sp. nov., from the Middle-Late Jurassic of Inner Mongolia, China. This new species is characterized by an unexpected combination of characters seen in several different theropod groups, particularly the Oviraptorosauria. Phylogenetic analysis shows it to be the sister taxon to Epidendrosaurus^4,5^, forming a new clade at the base of Avialae^6^. Epidexipteryx also possesses two pairs of elongate ribbon-like tail feathers (ETFs), and its limbs lack contour feathers for flight. This finding...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2326/version/1

Biodiversity Conservation Of The Irtysh River
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yevgeniy Kulikov; Olga Kirichenko.
One of the basic principles of environmental protection is the conservation of biological diversity of natural objects. In addressing this issue plays an important role the Red Book of Kazakh-stan, which is one of the main effective instruments for the preservation and restoration of rare and declining in numbers and endangered species. Red Books are the main weapon of environmental education tool for the inventory of rare and endangered species, scientifically sound foundation for their protection. Studies of fish that are listed and recommended for inclusion in the Red Book, is a priority and is evidenced not only on the state of study of the securities and small fish species, but also to demonstrate the quality of protection and conservation of...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5687/version/1

Denitrification Hotspots and N20 Flux in Fluvial Systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Julia Hyman; Arthur Gold; Kelly Addy; Ken Forshay; Paul Mayer; Peter Groffman.
a)&amp;#x9;Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Watersheds have a profound capacity to retain and remove nitrogen (N) inputs before entering coastal waters thereby minimizing eutrophication and hypoxia in estuarine waters. Research suggests that much of this N cycling occurs within aquatic ecosystems, e.g., lakes, streams and wetlands, which may become &amp;#x201c;hotspots&amp;#x201d; of nitrous oxide (N2O) production. We examined the effects of woody debris on nitrate removal and denitrification rates in streams of different N enrichment levels. Three different standardized substrates (fresh wood blocks, bundles of naturally occurring streambed wood, and clay&amp;#x2010;fired blocks) that were expected to vary in their pool of labile carbon were...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5284/version/1

Double burden of malnutrition among urban Bengalee adolescent boys in Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: S Bisai; R Khongsdier; K Bose; D Mahalanabis.
Malnutrition is an important public health problem worldwide. Therefore a study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of adolescent thinness, overweight and obesity in Midnapore town, West Bengal, India. A total of 974 adolescent boys aged 10-18 years were selected following multistage cluster sampling method from three higher secondary schools. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire following standard technique. Presence of thinness was evaluated using the cut-off values of international survey as suggested by Cole et al (2007). While overweight and obesity was determine by using international cut-off values develop by Cole et al (2000) based on international surveys as recommended by IOTF.   Overall the prevalence of thinness, overweight and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7106/version/1

Evolutionary trade-offs among decomposers may constrain responses to nitrogen
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kathleen Treseder; Stephanie Kivlin; Christine Hawkes.
We tested the extent to which evolutionary trade-offs among species traits might constrain the responses of different functional groups of decomposers to global change. Specifically, we hypothesized that bacteria targeting large recalcitrant compounds require relatively high levels of nitrogen (N) availability to support the construction costs of requisite extracellular and carrier enzymes. Conversely, bacteria adapted to N-poor environments may invest scarce resources in enzymes targeting organic N instead of recalcitrant carbon. We cross-referenced carbon substrate use profiles (from Biolog plates), functional genes from published bacterial genomes, the global ocean sampling (GOS) expedition, and a global synthesis of environmental DNA sequences of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5205/version/1

Speciation of chilean Rhinocryptidae (Avian) based on their behaviour
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alejandro Correa Rueda; Jorge Mpodozis.
The current classification of the chilean representatives of the passerine family Rhinocryptidae includes eight species. Three of them contain subspecies that don&amp;#x27;t exhibit clear differences. Moreover, differences among two lineages of _Scytalopus_ genera and two species of _Pteroptochos_ are cryptic. We propose a new methodology based on ecological and behavioural patterns in order to understand the concept of speciation in this group of birds. According to our results, we postulate that there is not a cut criteria to establish differences among three sister lineages of current classification. This way the methodology developed by us does not allow to establish divergence for a given common ancestor. Our methodology allows to establish comparison...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1597/version/1

The locomotion pattern of Baurusuchus salgadoensis Carvalho, Nobre &amp;#x26; Campos, 2005 and the distribution of Baurusuchidae in Gondwanaland
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Felipe M. Vasconcellos; Thiago S. Marinho; Ismar S. Carvalho.
Baurusuchus salgadoensis Carvalho, Nobre &amp;#x26; Campos, 2005 is a ziphodont mesoeucrocodylian closely related to the Sebecosuchia. Cranial features indicate that this species had terrestrial predatory habits. The postcranial skeleton of B. salgadoensis show distinctive characteristics when compared to extant Crocodylomorpha. The dorsal vertebrae are close articulated with short and craniocaudally expanded neural spines, specially the posterior ones. The sacral vertebrae are robust and have the lateral processes highly fused to the ilium. The anterior caudal vertebrae are robust as the sacral ones but their neural spines are more stout, anteriorlly expanded and higher. The close articulation of the dorsal vertebrae may indicate a less flexible dorsal...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/808/version/1

Quantum Genetics and Quantum Automata Models of Quantum-Molecular Evolution Involved in the Evolution of Organisms and Species
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: I. C. Baianu.
Previous theoretical or general approaches to the problems of Quantum Genetics and Molecular Evolution are considered in this article from the point of view of Quantum Automata Theory first published by the author in 1971 and further developed in several recent articles. The representation of genomes and Interactome networks in categories of many-valued logic LMn &amp;#x2013;algebras that are naturally transformed during biological evolution, or evolve through interactions with the environment provide a new insight into the mechanisms of molecular evolution, as well as organismal evolution, in terms of sequences of quantum automata.  Phenotypic changes are expressed only when certain environmentally-induced quantum-molecular changes are coupled with an...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Chemistry; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7083/version/1

CloVR-16S: Phylogenetic microbial community composition analysis based on 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing &amp;#x2013; standard operating procedure, version 1.0
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James R. White; Cesar Arze; Malcolm Matalka; The CloVR Team; Owen White; Samuel V. Angiuoli; W. Florian Fricke.
The CloVR-16S pipeline employs several well-known phylogenetic tools and protocols for the analysis of 16S rRNA sequence datasets:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;A) Mothur &amp;#x2013; a C++-based software package used for clustering 16S rRNA sequences into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Mothur creates OTUs using a matrix that describes pairwise distances between representative aligned sequences and subsequently estimates within-sample diversity (alpha diversity);&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;B) The Ribosomal Database (RDP) nai&amp;#x308;ve Bayesian classifier assigns each 16S sequence to a reference taxonomy with associated empirical probabilities based on oligonucleotide frequencies;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;C) Qiime &amp;#x2013; a python-based workflow package,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5888/version/2

Fluctuating population dynamics promotes the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mario Pineda-Krch; Richard Svanb&amp;#xe4;ck; Michael Doebeli.
An increasing number of studies are showing evidence in support of sympatric speciation. One basic question remains, however. When a population has undergone a branching in its phenotype, is this due to an evolutionary branching in the underlying genotype or due to phenotypic plasticity modifying a single genotype? Thus, phenotypic plasticity has come to be viewed as a trait subject to selection, just like any other phenotypic character1,2. Here we present a model addressing the conditions under which a predator phenotype experiencing selection for two alternative optimal phenotypes gives rise to genetically based phenotypic branching or to phenotypic plasticity, allowing the corresponding genotype to give rise to two alternative, well-adapted...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/56/version/1

Collaborate in conservation: A method for volunteer-scientist teams to monitor plant community composition long-term in a private old-growth forest
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Erin J. Fleming; Nelson F. Galvis; Bette A. Loiselle; Julia  F. Nerbonne.
To date, most studies on the management of invasive species have been done in nature reserves or national parks. Few published studies demonstrate how scientists and local communities might collaborate to develop science-based management programs in private forests. We present an example of such collaboration. The Congregational Summer Assembly (CSA) is a mixture of common and privately owned lots within old-growth beech-maple forest in Lower Michigan. The community is trying to conserve the forest and, thus, is interested in ecological variables that should be considered when designing a long-term ecosystem based management plan. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa; In this base-line study we developed methods for volunteer-scientist teams to monitor 1) the abundance of...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5527/version/1

Migration potential as a new predictor of long-distance dispersal rate for plants
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tianhua He; Byron B. Lamont; Neal Enright; Siegy Krauss; Laura Merwin.
How biotic and abiotic factors interact to shape the overall pattern of dispersal of propagules is critical in understanding the evolution of dispersal mechanisms as well as predicting dispersal rates between patchily-distributed habitats. But which plant traits, demographic and/or habitat factors best predict the capacity for dispersal? We introduce the concept of migration potential (v), a readily interpretable parameter that combines recruitment efficiency (recruits per adult / seeds per adult per dispersal cycle) with level of habitat occupancy for predicting effective long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds. Using our empirical (genotype assignment) estimates of LDD and statistics on life-history traits and demographic features for contrasting...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5890/version/1

Visual perception of colourful petals reminds us of classical fragments
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Sophia Rhizopoulou; Apostolis Argiropoulos; Emmanuel Spanakis; Demetris Gikas; Nikos Alexandredes; Danae Koukos; Demetrios Anglos.
Colour has attracted the interest and attention of many of the most gifted intellects of all time. Ideas of early thinkers were not -and could not have been- grasped on a scientific level without knowledge of a kind that lay far in the future. One character that is being considered is the colourful surfaces of living tissues, which could hardly have been visualized without a corresponding reference to the microscale parallel. Millions of years before man made manipulated synthetic structures, biological systems were using nanoscale architecture to produce striking optical effects. Here we show the microsculpture of the adaxial surface of flower petals from the asphodel, the Stork&amp;#x27;s-bill and the common poppy by using optical, scanning electron and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1523/version/1

Surprisingly rapid nitrogen cycling in tropical forest plantations on volcanically derived soils
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: James Raich; Ann Russell.
Secondary forests and young forest plantations frequently have high rates of tree growth and NPP &amp;#x2013; higher even than mature forests in similar situations. The nutrients required to sustain this rapid growth are derived from the soil and by external inputs such as rainfall or, in the case of nitrogen, by biological N fixation. In our study of the effects of tree species within replicated experimental plantations in a moist, lowland tropical environment in Costa Rica, high rates of biomass accumulation and productivity were coupled with high rates of N accumulation and cycling. We applied extensive sampling through time within a mass-balance approach to address the question &amp;#x201c;Where does all the nitrogen come...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5346/version/1

Climate Change and Disease Simulation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Somnath Jha.
Climate change has manifested differential impacts on various components of the earth system. The impact of climate change is not merely limited to the climatic variable. Climate change has resulted in complex, unforeseen consequences in the biosphere of earth. The silent but gradual changes arise out of varied responses of disease-causing organism to the combination of the disease-conducive environmental variables. The change is the same for both the target hosts plant as well as the animal kingdom. There is an urgent need to look into the changing disease dynamics and the disease pathogen genome sensitivity to the changes in climatic variables. The long memory of genetic makeup of disease pathogen to capture, inherit and evolve or mutate the changed or...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6949/version/1

Insights from the Structure of Estrogen Receptor into the Evolution of Estrogens: Implications for Endocrine Disruption
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker.
In the last decade, there has been important progress in understanding the origins and evolution of receptors for adrenal steroids (aldosterone, cortisol) and sex steroids (estradiol, progesterone, testosterone) due to the sequencing of genomes from animals that are at key sites in vertebrate evolution.  Although the estrogen receptor [ER] appears to be the ancestral vertebrate steroid receptor and estradiol [E2] is the physiological ligand for vertebrate ERs, the identity of the ancestral ligand(s) for the ER remains unknown.  Here, using an analysis of crystal structures of human ER[alpha] with E2 and other chemicals and 3D models of human ER[alpha] with 27-hydroxycholesterol and 5-androsten-3[beta],17[beta]-diol, we propose that one or more [DELTA]5...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5777/version/1

Intra-specific variation in plant hydraulic sectoriality along a latitudinal gradient
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Angela Zeng; Roberto Salguero-Gomez; Agustin Santos-Alvarez; Amy Zanne; Brenda Casper.
High temperatures and nutrient limitations in deserts challenge plant survival. Large temperature oscillations and droughts typical of cold deserts can result in cavitation, the precipitation of dissolved air within a xylem vessel. If xylem vessels are closely packed, then a cavitation event may expand to neighboring vessels, resulting in runaway embolism, and potentially paralyze the vital functions of the plant.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;      Hydraulic sectoriality, where the plant  is functionally composed of independent hydraulic units, has been suggested as a strategy to decrease the risk associated with cavitation. This can occur by increasing xylem vessel isolation and/or increasing the physical modularity of the plant. Furthermore, hydraulic sectoriality...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5277/version/1

Responses of soil nitrite-oxidizers to global environmental changes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Audrey Niboyet; El&amp;#xe9;onore Attard; Laure Barthes; Christopher  B. Field; Nadine Guillaumaud; Bruce A. Hungate; Paul W. Leadley; Catherine Lerondelle; Thomas Pommier; Maria Tourna; Akihiko Terada; Franck Poly; Xavier Le Roux.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;There is increasing evidence that global change can alter the structure of plant&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;communities with large impacts on the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about the impact of global change on soil microbial communities. In particular, the response of soil nitrite-oxidizers microorganisms that mediate the second step of nitrification, a key process of the nitrogen cycle, has never been investigated.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Here, we examined the effects of four main global environmental changes on the activity, the abundance and the diversity of soil nitrite-oxidizers in an annual grassland ecosystem as part of the Jasper Ridge Global Change Experiment (CA, USA). This...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5509/version/1

The Issue of Uncertainty for the River Watershed: Data Analysis of Scaled Space and Time Variability
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Boris A. Shmagin.
The issue of uncertainty is the basis for any application of knowledge (&amp;#x22;Uncertainty is an attribute of information.&amp;#x22; From L. Zadeh, 2005) and has to be one of the main tasks in Earth&amp;#x27;s systems study. Knowledge about natural systems may be only obtained by the analysis of the empirical (instrumental) data. Uncertainty starts from unveiling of the research task by the researcher. The main source of uncertainty comes from the natural system &amp;#x22;extraction&amp;#x22; (unit&amp;#x27;s boundaries) for modeling and limitations of data representing both time and space variability. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The consideration of uncertainty is placed in context of time and space with use of the U.S. part of the Great Lakes...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6008/version/1

Plants at risk from climate change
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chris Yesson; Alastair Culham.
The popular garden flower Cyclamen grows natively in the Mediterranean.  Climate change could make the region unsuitable for 18/21 species in 50 years time.  Ant-dispersed Cyclamen can&amp;#x2019;t hope to migrate to suitable new areas without assistance.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Background: The impact of global climate change on plant distribution, speciation and extinction is of current concern. Examining species climatic preferences via bioclimatic niche modelling is a key tool to study this impact. There is an established link between bioclimatic niche models and phylogenetic diversification. A next step is to examine future distribution predictions from a phylogenetic perspective. We present such a study using Cyclamen (Myrsinaceae), a group...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/150/version/1

Preen Gland-Secreted Alkanols Enhance Male Attractiveness in Parrots
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jian-Xu Zhang; Wei Wei; Jin-Hua Zhang.
The skin glands are widely used in pheromone production throughout the vertebrate worlds. Growing evidences show that birds also have chemical communication, but the uropygial (also called preen or oil) glands, serving as only specialized skin glands of birds, have no sex pheromones characterized. Here, by combining GC-MS analysis and bioassay, we show with the budgerigar, Melopsittacus undulatus, that birds can used the preen gland-secreted volatiles (a blend of octadecanol, nonadecanol and eicosanol for male budgerigars) spread over body plumage when preening to convey sex information. Here, we first report the avian pheromones derived from the uropyginal gland and suggests that the gland has broader implications than previously known (e.g. plumage...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2305/version/1

Molecular evidence for Toxoplasma gondii in the brain of striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) stranded along the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donato  Traversa; Angela Di Cesare; Cristina Casalone; Barbara Iulini; Walter Mignone; Cristiana Tittarelli; Umberto Proietto; Silvana Meloni; Giulia Buffatello; Fiona Forster; Seamus Kennedy; Giovanni Di Guardo.
Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan agent of increasing concern for both free-ranging and captive cetaceans. Nonetheless, information on epidemiology, biology, genetics and pathogenic potential of T. gondii for aquatic mammals is incomplete. This work provides molecular evidence for T. gondii in the brain tissue from five striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba) found stranded in 2007-2008 along the Ligurian Sea coast of Italy. These animals showed a more or less severe, subacute to chronic, non purulent, multifocal meningo-encephalitis. Additionally, the cerebral parenchyma of 3 animals harboured protozoan cysts and zoites which were immunohistochemically linked to T. gondii. Consequently, a preliminary molecular investigation was undertaken to confirm the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4930/version/1

Do not log-transform count data
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Robert B. O&amp;#x27;Hara; Johan Kotze.
1. Ecological count data (e.g., number of individuals or species) are often log-transformed to satisfy parametric test assumptions.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;2. Apart from the fact that generalized linear models are better suited in dealing with count data, a log-transformation of counts has the additional quandary in how to deal with zero observations. With just one zero observation (if this observation represents a sampling unit), the whole dataset needs to be fudged by adding a value (usually 1) before transformation. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;3. Simulating data from a negative binomial distribution, we compared the outcome of fitting models that were transformed in various ways (log, square-root) with results from fitting models using Poisson and negative binomial...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4136/version/1

Social Processing of Discrete Emotions in Humans
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jacob Vigil.
I asked human observers to rate capacity and trustworthiness trait impressions of, and to indicate affiliative and avoidant dispositions, and felt emotive responses toward social objects. I show that interpersonal dispositions and emotive responses are systematically associated with variation in perceived levels of these trait impressions. The findings suggest that perception and expression of cues that signal capacity and trustworthiness of reciprocating altruism may underlie discrete affect behaviors in humans.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2725/version/1

Limits to the detection of early warning signals of population collapse
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Carl Boettiger; Alan Hastings.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;The recog&amp;#xad;ni&amp;#xad;tion that ecosys&amp;#xad;tems can undergo sud&amp;#xad;den shifts to alter&amp;#xad;nate, less desir&amp;#xad;able sta&amp;#xad;ble states has led to the desire to iden&amp;#xad;tify early warn&amp;#xad;ing signs of these impend&amp;#xad;ing col&amp;#xad;lapses.  This search has been moti&amp;#xad;vated by the math&amp;#xad;e&amp;#xad;mat&amp;#xad;ics of bifur&amp;#xad;ca&amp;#xad;tions, in which sud&amp;#xad;den shifts result not from direct per&amp;#xad;tur&amp;#xad;ba&amp;#xad;tions to the state (i.e. the pop&amp;#xad;u&amp;#xad;la&amp;#xad;tion abun&amp;#xad;dance, through mech&amp;#xad;a&amp;#xad;nisms such as over-harvesting)  but to a slowly...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6857/version/1

Silent Spring - the lost call
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael J. Quinn; Mary Ann Ottinger.
The &amp;#x22;silence&amp;#x22; in Rachel Carson&amp;#x27;s Silent Spring1 alludes to the demise of bird populations through reproductive problems and death resulting from exposure to the pesticides of that time, many of which are endocrine active. Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are compounds which may interfere with the endocrine system, producing effects that may disrupt the physiologic function of hormones. Early research on EDC exposure in humans and wildlife has focused mainly on reproductive effects of estrogenic chemicals, however recent studies have revealed that effects of estrogenic as well as non-estrogen active chemicals are often more far reaching than the reproductive system, and even mild exposures experienced early in development may...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1492/version/1

Breeding biology of pond heron in Kerala, South India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: K Seedikkoya; PA Azeez; EA  Abdul Shukkur.
Regular intensive investigations to locate nesting colonies were carried out early monsoon of 1999 up to 2002. For detailed study a few breeding colonies were selected. The nesting trees, nest characteristics, eggs characteristics, incubation, hatching and hatchlings were investigated.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Altogether 17 plant species were used for nesting. Nest materials were collected from 24 plant species for building nest. The mean maximum size of the nest material used was 29.05 cm and the mean minimum size was 13.46 cm. The clutch size varied from 2-5 and clutches of three were very common. The maximum and minimum length and breadth of eggs were 48.0 x 32.0 and 33.3 x 24.1 respectively. The weight of eggs varied between 17.8 and 11.2 gm....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2558/version/1

Mitigation of GHGs Emission From Soils by a Catalyzed In-Situ Photo-Oxidative Polymerization of Soil Organic Matter
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alessandro Piccolo; Riccardo Spaccini.
Agricultural lands under food and bio-energy crops, managed grass and permanent crops including agro-forestry, occupy about 40-50% of the Earth&amp;#x27;s land surface^1^. In 2005, agriculture accounted for an estimated emission of 5.1 to 6.1 GtCO2-eq/yr (10-12% of total global anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs))^1^. However, measures to mitigate GHGs emission from agricultural soils are limited to improved cropland practices such as crop rotation, nutrient management, tillage/residue management, agroforestry, and return to natural vegetation^2^. These practices are not only far from substantially reducing GHGs emissions from soils or permanentlystabilizing soil organic matter^1-4^, but are also predicted to hardly match more than amaximum...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4129/version/1

Role of cardiac resynchronization therapy in the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation:  A single-center prospective study.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gaetano Santulli; Massimo Chiariello; Cristofaro d&amp;#x27;Ascia; Salvatore d&amp;#x27;Ascia.
Albeit several studies examined the association between cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and atrial fibrillation (AF) in heart failure (HF), results are still unclear and quite conflicting. We thereby designed a single-center prospective study to determine whether CRT has a favorable effect on the incidence of new-onset AF in a homogeneous population of patients with non-ischemic idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy and severe heart failure HF. We enrolled 58 patients, AF na&amp;#xef;ve when received CRT. After 1 year of follow-up our population was subdivided into responders (72.4%) and non (27.6%), so to compare the incidence of AF after 1, 2 and 3 years of follow-up in these two groups. Already after 1 year, there is a significant (p&amp;#x3c;0.05)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7137/version/1

Parental Selection for Productivity Improvement in Indian Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Dr. Manohar Reddy Rangareddygari.
Global demand for Vanya silks in general and tasar silk in particular, call-for sustainable utilization of the country&amp;#x2019;s seri-biodiversity potential. Viability and productivity proportion of tasarculture in terms of seeds, cocoons and essentially raw silk, need attention for its vital role in reforming the livelihood and economic condition of tribal farmers. The conventional approaches on basic stock maintenance, commercial seed production, selective use of parental races or parents for heterosis and heterobeltiosis, method of backcrossing to exploit the traits of commercial importance and applying the advantage of genotype x environment (G x E) interactions are indispensable. In spite of current knowledge on sophisticated transgenic silkworm,...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6331/version/1

Plant Impacts on Competition Between Tidal Marsh Microbes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ariana Sutton-Grier; Allyson Bullock; Jason Keller; Cindy Gilmour; Pat Megonigal.
*Background/Question/Methods* &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Wetlands can store a lot of carbon in soils, but wetland microbial respiration also releases a great deal of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and methane (CH~4~). These gases combined are responsible for ~80% of the radiative climate forcing.  Understanding the controls on microbial respiration and the importance of different metabolic pathways has important climate change implications. Plants affect microbial respiration in wetlands by impacting the available soil carbon pool and the redoximorphic conditions of the soil environment. These plant impacts in turn affect microbial competition. In this study we were particularly interested in determining the role of soil carbon quality versus environmental factors in...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3630/version/1

Evolution of 11[beta]-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-Type 1 and 11[beta]-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase-type 3
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Michael E. Baker.
A key regulator of glucocorticoid action is 11[beta]-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11[beta]-HSD1), which catalyzes the conversion of cortisone to cortisol, the biologically active glucocorticoid.  11[beta]-HSD1 is a paralog of 11[beta]-HSD3, whose physiological function remains unclear.  As reported here, 11[beta]-HSD3 has orthologs in sea urchin, amphioxus and Ciona, while 11[beta]-HSD1 first appears in sharks.  Thus, 11[beta]HSD3 arose before the evolution of glucocorticoid signaling, suggesting different ancestral function(s) for 11[beta]-HSD3.  Four perplexing findings arise from this evolutionary analysis: 1) 11[beta]-HSD1 is not present in a ray-finned fish genome, 2) zebrafish and fathead minnow contain two isoforms of 11[beta]-HSD3; 3)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Earth &amp; Environment; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4296/version/1

Modeling Pinus edulis growth in a changing climate: Carbon dioxide, growing season length, and precipitation
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Susannah Tysor; George  Koch; Amy Whipple.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Pinus edulis (pinyon pine) is a foundation tree species in the southwestern United States that has experienced high levels of mortality in a drought extending from the mid-1990s to the present.  Despite high mortality levels, radial growth of pinyon pine in northern Arizona over the past century shows an increasing trend not found in four centuries of preindustrial growth.  Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration ([CO2]) shows a strong correlation with recent radial growth, and a simple linear AR(1) model with only [CO2] as a covariate explains average yearly growth well.  No climate variable except [CO2] has a consistent long-term trend that accounts for increasing radial growth, but growing season and...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5193/version/1

The Diet of the Rhinolophidae in the &amp;#x201c;Kabylia of the Babors&amp;#x201d; Region, Northern Algeria
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ahmim Mourad; Moali  Aissa.
Many bats of the Rhinolophidae family are currently threatened all over the world. In Algeria they are represented by six species listed in the IUCN red list and whose hunting habits and diet are, at best, poorly known. This paper describes the diet composition of four of these species (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum, R. hipposideros, R. euryale and R. blasii) in the Bejaia and Jijel districts, and in Kabylia of the Babors region, in northern Algeria. Between March 2007 and January 2008 guano was sampled every fortnight in the different sites used by the species and preys remains identified under microscope. Results show that these Algerian Rhinolophidae prey on three groups of Arthropodes (Insects, Chilopodes and Spiders) whose frequencies vary from one...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6822/version/1

Double burden of malnutrition among urban Bengalee adolescent boys in Midnapore, West Bengal, India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: S Bisai; R Khongsdier; K Bose; D Mahalanabis.
Malnutrition is an important public health problem worldwide. Therefore a study was undertaken to assess the prevalence of adolescent thinness, overweight and obesity in Midnapore town, West Bengal, India. A total of 974 adolescent boys aged 10-18 years were selected following multistage cluster sampling method from three higher secondary schools. Data was collected using pretested questionnaire following standard technique. Presence of thinness was evaluated using the cut-off values of international survey as suggested by Cole et al (2007). While overweight and obesity was determine by using international cut-off values develop by Cole et al (2000) based on international surveys as recommended by IOTF.   Overall the prevalence of thinness, overweight and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7106/version/2

New Evidence for Early Silk in the Indus Civilization
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Irene L. Good; Jonathan Mark Kenoyer; Richard H. Meadow.
Silk is an important economic fiber, and is generally considered to have been the exclusive cultural heritage of China. Silk weaving is evident from the Shang period, though the earliest evidence for silk textiles in ancient China dates to more than a millennium earlier. New study of fibers from Harappan bronze artifacts reveals surprising early evidence for knowledge of silkworking in South Asia, the earliest evidence in the world for any silk outside China, and roughly contemporaneous with the earliest Chinese evidence for silk. This important new finding brings into question the traditional historical notion of sericulture as being an exclusively Chinese invention.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1900/version/1

Recent Advancements in Understanding the Ecology of Soil Extracellular Enzymes
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Matthew Wallenstein; J. Megan Steinweg; Shawna McMahon.
Extracellular enzymes are the agents of detritus decomposition, and are critical for biogeochemical cycling in soils.  Despite decades of research, we have only a rudimentary understanding of the controls on enzyme production, stabilization, turnover, and in-situ activity.  This limits our ability to interpret measured enzyme activities in an ecological framework.  We will present several recent innovations that are advancing our understanding of how soil microbial community interactions with their abiotic environment affect in-situ enzyme activity.  In Arctic tundra soils, we developed a model for in-situ &amp;#x392;-glucosidase activity by extrapolating from enzyme activities measured in the lab at a range of temperatures to actual field temperatures....
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4115/version/1

Using Biotic Interaction Networks for Prediction in Biodiversity and Emerging Diseases
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Christopher R. Stephens; Joaquin Gim&amp;#xe9;nez Heau; Camila Gonz&amp;#xe1;lez-Rosas; Carlos N. Ibarra-Cerde&amp;#xf1;a; Victor S&amp;#xe1;nchez-Cordero.
Networks offer a powerful tool for understanding and visualizing inter-species interactions within an ecology. Previously considered examples, such as trophic networks, are just representations of experimentally observed direct interactions. However, species interactions are so rich and complex it is not feasible to directly observe more than a small fraction. In this paper, using data mining techniques, we show how potential interactions can be inferred from geographic data, rather than by direct observation. An important application area for such a methodology is that of emerging diseases, where, often, little is known about inter-species interactions, such as between vectors and reservoirs. Here, we show how using geographic data, biotic interaction...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1495/version/1

Hybrid Extraction Method; Innovative Method to Produce Non Oxidative Tuna Oil
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yoshinori Ito.
Summary: The function of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid such as DHA, EPA are now well known world widely through strong scientific evidences and the importance of nutritional value and popularity are increasing every day all over the world with the name of omega 3 fatty acids.^1,2,3^ However, the fish oil, the source of omega 3 fatty acid had been considered as very vulnerable to oxidation. Many papers say the reason why is because its very easy to oxidize fish oil. The greater the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid contents in the fish oil is, the faster oxidation takes place.^4,5^ Here I show that tuna oil extracted from Albacore Tuna Head in closed circuit under low temperature, at first decompressing then pressurizing and heating in a container, is very stable...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3110/version/1

The development of a simple basal area increment model
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Georg Erich Kindermann.
In most cases forest practice in Austria use yield tables to predict the growth of their forests. Common yield tables show the increment of pure even-aged stands which are treated in a way the table developer recommends. The usage of these tables in stands which are either uneven-aged, mixed or treated in another way, may lead to inaccurate predictions. To avoid these problems, forest growth models have been developed. Until now they are not widely used in Austria. One reason may be, that most of the models need some input parameters which are usually not gathered by companies. In this work a basal area increment per hectare model has been developed which is based on the input parameters: diameter at breast height, height to diameter ratio, top height at...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6301/version/1

H5N1 Clade 2.2 Polymorphism Tracing Identifies Influenza Recombination and Potential Vaccine Targets
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman; Magdi D. Saad; Bruce R. Boynton; Jeffery Tjaden; Kenneth C. Earhart; Moustafa M. Mansour; Nasr M. ElSayed; A I. Nayei; A A. Abdelghani; Hala M. Essmat; Elassai M. Labib; E Ayoub; Mona M. Aly; A-SA Arafa; Marshall R. Monteville.
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300 and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 2. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase.  Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 3.4. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 5. We traced polymorphism acquisition in Clade 2.2 sequences. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, Clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/553/version/1

Historical deforestation patterns and the conservation value of church forests in the northern Ethiopian highlands
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Raf Aerts; Richard Pankhurst; Koen Van Overtveld; Eva J. J. November; Martin Hermy; Bart Muys.
Mountain forest plants have a limited capacity for migration because altitudinal gradients usually set strict limits to plant species&amp;#x2019; ranges and often present physical barriers against dispersal.  Innate &amp;#x2018;islands&amp;#x2019; of biodiversity, mountain forests are therefore particularly vulnerable to the effects of climatic change and habitat fragmentation, both key drivers of global species loss.  Conservation of these ecosystems must for that reason rely on protecting not only large fragments but also small habitat patches and relictual vegetation along a wide altitudinal range.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;When large fragments in such ecosystems are no longer available, small fragments become an environmental priority.  Striking examples of...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1786/version/1

Artificial Photosynthesis Would Unify the Electricity-Carbohydrate-Hydrogen Cycle for Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Yi-Heng Percival Zhang.
Sustainable development requires balanced integration of four basic human needs &amp;#x2013; air (O2/CO2), water, food, and energy.  To solve key challenges,  such as CO2 fixation, electricity storage, food production, transportation fuel production, water conservation or maintaining an ecosystem for space travel,  we wish to suggest the electricity-carbohydrate-hydrogen (ECHo) cycle, where electricity is a universal energy carrier, hydrogen is a clean electricity carrier, and carbohydrate is a high-energy density hydrogen (14.8 H2 mass% or 11-14 MJ electricity output/kg)carrier plus a food and feed source.  Each element of this cycle can be converted to the other reversibly &amp;#x26; efficiently depending on resource availability, needs, and costs.  In...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4167/version/1

Aggregation of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in a Human H5N1 Clade 2.2 Hemagglutinin
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry L. Niman; Magdi D. Saad; Jeffery Tjaden; Kenneth C. Earhart; Marshall R. Monteville; Mona M. Aly; Moustafa M. Mansour; Nasr El-Sayed; Ahmed E. Nayel; Ahmed S. Abdelghani; Hala M. Esmat; Emad M. Labib; Ehab A. Ayoub; Abdelattar Arafa; Gregory A. Raczniak; Mensah Agyen-Frempong; William K. Ampofo; Bruce R. Boynton.
The evolution of H5N1 has attracted significant interest 1-4 due to linkages with avian 5,6 and human infections 7,8.  The basic tenets of influenza genetics 9 attribute genetic drift to replication errors caused by a polymerase complex that lacks a proof reading function.  However, recent analysis 10 of swine influenza genes identifies regions copied with absolute fidelity for more than 25 years.  In addition, polymorphism tracing of clade 2.2 H5N1 single nucleotide polymorphisms identify concurrent acquisition 11 of the same polymorphism onto multiple genetic backgrounds in widely dispersed geographical locations.  Here we show the aggregation of regional clade 2.2 polymorphisms from Germany, Egypt, and sub-Sahara Africa onto a human Nigerian H5N1...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Immunology; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/743/version/1

The river-refuge hypothesis and other contributions of Marcio Ayres to conservation science
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Liliana D&amp;#xe1;valos; Miguel A. Pinedo-Vasquez.
For more than a century, biogeographers have sought to explain the large number of species found in Amazonian forests. The role of rivers as barriers to dispersal was recognized early on and this was the first evolutionary hypothesis to explain Amazonian diversity. Most of the recent debate on speciation in the Amazon has focused on the role of Pleistocene refugia. The methods of refuge biogeography helped shape early conservation priorities in Amazonia, although actual plans did not directly depend on the conceptual strengths or weaknesses of refugia biogeography. These approaches viewed people mostly as threats, though not always explicitly. Based on his work on primate distribution Marcio Ayres formulated a synthetic speciation theory, the river-refuge...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5142/version/1

Niche Overlap and Diet Breadth: Can bumble bee (Bombus spp.) foraging behavior reveal species vulnerabilities?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rosemary Malfi; T&amp;#x27;ai Roulston.
Within the last two decades, notable shifts have taken place within the bumble bee (_Bombus_ spp.) communities of North America: some species have experienced substantial, rapid declines, while others appear to be stable or even experiencing range expansion. Studies from the UK and Europe implicate the loss of natural habitat and associated floral resources in overall bumble bee declines and species losses. Research also indicates that loss of host plants disproportionately impacts species with narrower diet breadths, and that these species are more likely to be long-tongued (presumably due to the reduction of long-tubed floral hosts). In contrast, species with more generalized diets have been shown to be more abundant. In this study we examined resource...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6482/version/1

Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Henry Niman; Mona M. Aly; Abdel-Satar  Arafa; Nasr El-Sayed; Ahmed  E. Nayel; Ahmed  S. Abdelghani; Hala  M. Esmat; Gregory  A. Raczniak; Mensah  Agyen-Frempong; William  K. Ampofo; Bruce R. Boynton.
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1,2. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300 and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 3. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase.  Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 4-7. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 8. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, Kuwait, and Ghana. These changes are not easily...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/459/version/4

The effect of temperature, soil nitrogen and gastropods on _Thuja plicata_ growth and reproduction
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Anna O&amp;#x27;Brien; Jannke HilleRisLambers; Ailene Ettinger.
Humans are changing the environment. For example, nitrogen deposition, rising temperatures, and non-native species are influencing plant communities. These changes have and will continue to affect trees, thus, understanding the response of species to global change will help conservationists plan for the future. Urban areas already experience higher temperatures, elevated CO~2~, greater nitrogen levels, and more non-native species compared to rural areas. The response of trees to urban parks and park edges can therefore be used as a proxy for the net effects of global change on trees. We investigate the growth and reproduction of _Thuja plicata_, a native Pacific Northwest conifer, in both urban and rural forest fragments to understand global change...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5446/version/1

Bumblebees under the midnight sun - Monitoring circadian rhythms of bumblebees under continuous daylight, using radio frequency identification (RFID)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ralph J. Stelzer; Lars Chittka.
Circadian rhythms enable organisms to anticipate and to prepare for predictable changes in their environment. Most previous studies on circadian rhythms focused on solitary animals. However, in social insects, the colony as a superorganism has a foraging rhythm aligned to the patterns of resource availability. Within this colony rhythm, the activity patterns of individuals are embedded. In temperate regions bumblebee foragers show strong circadian rhythms that adjust their foraging activity to the changing light conditions in the course of the day. But what about circadian foraging patterns under continuous daylight? One would assume that the colony as a whole extends its foraging activity over the whole 24 hours of a day under such light conditions to...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1719/version/1

Obesity as a perceived social signal
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Manasee Mankar; Radhika Joshi; Prajakta Belsare; Maithili Jog; Milind Watve.
Fat accumulation has been classically considered as a means of energy storage. Obese people are theorized as metabolically &amp;#x2018;thrifty&amp;#x2019;, saving energy during times of food abundance. However, recent research has highlighted many neuro-behavioral and social aspects of obesity, with a suggestion that obesity, abdominal obesity in particular, may have evolved as a social signal. We tested here whether body proportions, and abdominal obesity in particular, are perceived as signals revealing personality traits. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Faceless drawings of three male body forms namely lean, muscular and feminine, each with and without abdominal obesity were shown in a randomized order to a group of 222 respondents. A list of 30...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2711/version/1

Bumblebees gain fitness through learning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nigel E. Raine; Lars Chittka.
Despite the widespread assumption that the learning abilities of animals are adapted to the particular environments in which they operate, the quantitative effects of learning performance on fitness remain virtually unknown. Here we evaluate the learning performance of bumblebees (_Bombus terrestris_) from multiple colonies in an ecologically relevant associative learning task under laboratory conditions, before testing the foraging performance of the same colonies under the field conditions. We demonstrate that variation in learning speed among bumblebee colonies is directly correlated with foraging performance, a robust fitness measure, under natural conditions. Colonies vary in learning speed by a factor of nearly 5, with the slowest learning colonies...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1298/version/1

Linking stoichiometric homeostasis with ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Qiang Yu; Quansheng Chen; James Elser; Arianne  Cease; Nianpeng He; Honghui Wu; Guangming Zhang; Jianguo Wu; Yongfei Bai; Xingguo Han.
Ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability have been a focus of ecological and environmental sciences during the past two decades.  The mechanisms underlying their relationship, however, are not well understood.  Based on comprehensive studies in Inner Mongolia grassland, here we show that species-level stoichiometric homeostasis was consistently positively correlated with dominance and stability on both 2-year and 27-year temporal scales and across a 1200-km spatial transect.  At the community level, stoichiometric homeostasis was also positively correlated with ecosystem function and stability in most cases.  Thus, homeostatic species tend to have high and stable biomass; and ecosystems dominated by more homeostatic species have higher productivity...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5255/version/1

Cutting the trees to save the forest: The Finch Pruyn working forest
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rachel Neugarten; Steven Wolf; Rich Stedman.
The past two decades have seen sales of millions of acres of commercial forest land in the United States. Changed ownership often results in altered forest management, parcelization or development. Such changes have profound implications for forest species and ecosystems, as well as the timber industry, recreational opportunities, and local and regional economies. An emerging strategy seeks to protect lands through complex public-private partnerships involving state agencies, conservation organizations, and commercial investors. By definition, these partnerships have both environmental and socioeconomic goals; as such, they represent contemporary experiments in sustainable development applied to forested landscapes. As this approach is a recent innovation,...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3690/version/1

Spiders (Araneae) from Agricultural fields near foothill of Satpura Mountain ranges of Amravati District, Maharashtra, India.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nanduwarghat E. Warghat; Anil J. Gaur; Navin  R. Sharma; Sudhir G. Chirde; Gajendra S. Pachalore; Mamata R. Chandrakar.
This paper deals with the study of spider distribution in agricultural fields adjoining the Satpura Mountain Ranges of the Amravati district. The total collection of spiders comprises 12 families, 37 genera and 76 species. The Araneidae and Thomisidae families were dominant, followed by Saltisidae from the selected agricultural area. Lycosidae and Tetragnathidae were also found in a decreasing number of species due to their specific habitation. The analysis of guild structure revealed six feeding guilds. Orb web weavers and Ambushers constituted the dominant feeding guild representing 33% and 22% of the total collection respectively. Stalkers and ground runners represent 20% and 17% and foliage hunters and sheet web weavers represent 5% and 3%...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5912/version/1

Survey of the diagenesis process and effect these process on reservoir quality of the Kangan formation in South Pars Field
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Gholamreza Hosseinyar; Hossein Rahimpour-Bonab; Ashkan Asadi Esksndar; Masoud Asgharian Rostami.
Kangan and Upper Dalan formations are forming reservoir sequence of the South Pars field. Litology of the kangan formation is carbonate and (limestone and dolomite with anhydrite intervals), so digenetic processes were very active in this formation and these processes have changeed the reservoir quality. Importances of the digenetic process are including dissolution, calcite cements, dolomitization, anhydritization, physical and chemical compaction and fracturing.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3529/version/1

Why plants lose their inhibitions in the Arctic: functional traits, phylogenetics and respiration in the light
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Nicholas Mirotchnick; Owen Atkin; Marc Cadotte; Matthew Turnbull; Kevin Griffin.
Background/Questions/Methods:&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Arctic vegetation represents a significant portion of the world&amp;#x2019;s&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;global carbon stocks and is particularly sensitive to global climate&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;change. Net plant carbon exchange depends on both photosynthesis and&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;respiration, the latter of which is poorly understood in arctic&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;ecosystems and yet is highly sensitive to global environmental change.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa; Mitochondrial respiration can confound measurements of photosynthesis&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;and thus is often isolated by measuring it in the dark.  We also know,&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;however, that respiration can be inhibited by light, which complicates&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;extrapolations from...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5375/version/1

The effects of exurbanization on the food and habitat of pileated woodpeckers
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marie E. Wilson; Jordan M. Casey; David G. Haskell; Nick Hollingshead.
*Background/Question/Methods* &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;_Dryocopus pileatus_ (pileated woodpeckers) are the largest woodpeckers in the United States. They require large trees for roosting, nesting, and feeding and these trees must be dead or dying for ease of excavation and presence of the woodpeckers&amp;#x27; main prey of ants and grubs. Because of these habitat requirements, pileated woodpeckers are used as an indicator species for mature forests. However, their status in exurban areas, or places of low-density development beyond the suburban fringe, is poorly known. Because exurbanization covers a large and growing portion of the eastern U.S.A., we examined how pileated woodpeckers and their habitat vary across a gradient of exurbanization. We tested the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3751/version/1

Plant Functional Types and Plant Trait Measurements in the Eastern Ghats, South India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: K. Anupama; A. Stephen; S. Aravajy; G. Orukaimani.
Classifying terrestrial plant species on the basis of function rather than on taxonomy facilitates addressing ecological questions at the scale of ecosystems, landscapes or Biomes. The concept of plant functional types (PFTs) helps handle taxonomic diversity, as it groups together species that share common attributes with respect to, e.g. life-form, phenology and bioclimatic limits. For some time now, large international efforts promoted by the IGBP-GCTE programme are underway to measure for a large number of species a shortlist of significant plant traits that would underlie such functional plant classification systems. The idea here is to help address vegetation responses to and vegetation effects on environmental changes such as climate changes, but...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/941/version/1

Dynamic Modeling of Vaccinating Behavior as a Function of Individual Beliefs
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Fl&amp;#xe1;vio C. Coelho; Cl&amp;#xe1;udia T. Code&amp;#xe7;o.
Individual perception of vaccine safety is an important factor in determining a person&amp;#x27;s adherence to a vaccination program and its consequences for disease control. This perception, or belief, about the safety of a given vaccine, is not a static parameter but a variable subject to environmental influence. To complicate matters, perception of risk (or safety) does not correspond to actual risk. In this paper we propose a way to model the dynamics of such beliefs in the context of a realistic epidemiological scenario. The methodology proposed is based on Bayesian inference, and can be extended to model more complex belief systems associated with decision models.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2447/version/1

Community content building for evolutionary biology: Lessons learned from LepTree and Encyclopedia of Life
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Cynthia Parr; Dana Campbell; John Park.
Online resources to aid large-scale ecological and evolutionary biology are beginning to take root, only a decade behind fields such as genomics and molecular biology. One barrier has been a long tradition, in evolutionary biology at least, of work by individuals on the order of a few hundred of species rather than the thousands or hundreds of thousands necessary to understand the general evolutionary or ecological processes that explain species characteristics and distributions. Advances in collaborative and semantic software offer promise &amp;#x2013; it should be possible to develop high quality online species-level datasets for comparative analyses and even to integrate, via machine reasoning, across highly customized datasets. In this talk we will...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4603/version/1

Lethal and sublethal effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for turbot (_Psetta maxima_) early life stage (ELS)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lazhar Mhadhbi; Jose  Fumega; Moncef Boumaiza; Ricardo Beiras.
A new toxic menace, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is being detected in the aquatic environment all over the world. The environmental presence of PBDEs and its entry into the environment as BDE-47 and -99 make quality aquatic toxicity data necessary to assess the aquatic hazard risk of PBDs. This study examines the effects of three PBDE-47 and -99 on embryo and larval stages of the marine flatfish turbot (_Psetta maxima_). The acute toxicity of the three PBDEs was examined and NOEC, LOEC, LC10 and LC50 were calculated. All tested compounds caused lethal as well as nonlethal malformations during embryo development. The effects of PBDEs in the different life stages of turbot were analysed. PBDEs seemed to be teratogenic at concentrations higher than...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4656/version/2

Hierarchical coexistence of universality and diversity controls robustness and multi-functionality in intermediate filament protein networks
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Theodor Ackbarow; Markus  J. Buehler.
Proteins constitute the elementary building blocks of a vast variety of biological materials such as cellular protein networks, spider silk or bone, where they create extremely robust, multi-functional materials by self-organization of structures over many length- and time scales, from nano to macro.  Some of the structural features are commonly found in a many different tissues, that is, they are highly conserved.  Examples of such universal building blocks include alpha-helices, beta-sheets or tropocollagen molecules.  In contrast, other features are highly specific to tissue types, such as particular filament assemblies, beta-sheet nanocrystals in spider silk or tendon fascicles. These examples illustrate that the coexistence of universality and...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Chemistry; Ecology; Molecular Cell Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/826/version/1

Critical nutritional stress among adult tribal populations of West Bengal and Orissa, India.
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Samiran Bisai; Kaushik  Bose.
This paper deals with cross-sectional studies carried out during the period 2004-2007. It is based on eight data sets of tribals of Paschim Medinipur and Bankura Districts of West Bengal and Keonjhar District of Orissa.  The tribes include Bhumijs, Kora Mudis, Lodhas, Santals, Bathudis and Savars.  Height and weight were measured following standard techniques.  The body mass index (BMI) was computed following standard equation.  Nutritional status (chronic energy deficiency, CED) was evaluated using internationally accepted cut-off values of BMI.  We followed the World Health Organization&amp;#x27;s classification (1995) of the public health problem of low BMI, based on adult populations worldwide.  Our results show that, in general, among the tribes...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Developmental Biology; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Data Standards.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7068/version/1

Modeling forest insect population dynamics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Mario Pineda-Krch.
Overview of the Special Interdisciplinary Minisymposium at the 2009 meeting of the Society for Mathematical Biology on modeling of forest insect population dynamics.
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3638/version/1

Isoprene Emission and Carbon Dioxide Protect Aspen Leaves from Heat Stress
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Joseph N. T. Darbah; Thomas D. Sharkey; David F. Karnosky.
High temperature, especially above 35oC, is known to reduce leaf photosynthetic rate in many tree species. This study investigated the effect of high temperature on isoprene-emitting (aspen) and non- emitting (birch) trees under ambient and elevated CO2 under open field conditions. Aspen trees tolerate heat better than birch trees and elevated CO2 protects both species against moderate heat stress. The increased thermotolerance in aspen trees compared to the birch trees may result from the aspen&amp;#x27;s ability to produce isoprene. Elevated CO2 increased carboxylation capacity, photosynthetic electron transport capacity and triose phosphate use in both birch and aspen trees. High temperature decreased all of these parameters in birch regardless of CO2...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1533/version/1

Harnessing Aquatic Yeasts For Developing A New Generation of Sunscreens
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Hycienth Braganca; Nandkumar Kamat.
Around 100 yeast genera and 800 species have been isolated and characterized. Nagahama (2006) has reviewed yeast biodiversity in freshwater, marine and deep-Sea Environments. Our work aims at systematic biodiversity assessment of freshwater aquatic yeasts from Goa with major focus on carotenogenic basidiomycetes yeasts which on exposure to potentially damaging levels of solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) accumulate photoprotective compounds (PPC) such as mycosporine-glutaminol-glucoside (myc-glu-glu, peak absorption at 309-310nm) that server as sunscreens and /or antioxidant. These yeasts are a potential source of a particularly diverse family of such substances, collectively referred to as mycosporine- like amino-acids (MAAs). This paper presents the...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Ecology; Microbiology; Pharmacology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4249/version/1

Phyloclimatic Modelling: Phylogenies, Palaeo-climate and Environmental Preferences
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Chris Yesson; Alastair Culham.
A new technique is demonstrated for the interpretation of the role played by climate in plant diversity through the optimisation of climate variables on phylogenetic trees. This is achieved by calculating climate preferences for individual species based on established bioclimatic modelling techniques using point&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;distribution data from distributed sources. We demonstrate a new technique for optimising the component parameters on phylogenetic trees. These parameters can be re-combined into&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;bioclimatic models for ancestral nodes throughout the phylogenetic tree. The combination of DNA-sequence data and the fossil record is used to establish time-calibrated phylogenies. Using these chronograms, bioclimatic models can in turn...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/145/version/1

Homologous self-organising scale-invariant properties characterise long range species spread and cancer invasion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Diana E. Marco; Sergio A. Cannas; Marcelo A. Montemurro; Bo Hu; Shi-Yuan Cheng.
Occupancy of new habitats through dispersion is a central process in nature. In particular, long distance dispersal is involved in the spread of species and epidemics, although it has not been previously related with cancer invasion, a process that involves cell spreading to tissues far away from the primary tumor.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Using simulations and real data we show that the early spread of cancer cells is similar to the species individuals spread and that both processes are represented by a common spatio-temporal signature of long-distance dispersal and subsequent local proliferation. This signature is characterized by a particular fractal geometry of the boundaries of patches generated, and a power law-scaled, disrupted patch size...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Cancer; Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/907/version/2

Sulfur-bound biomarkers of a Monterey shale and a Greenland lake sediment
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Joshua G. Stern.
Seeking to reconstruct the biogeochemical processes that produced organic sulfur compounds in two unique depositional environments, we used the nickel boride desulfurization reaction to release hydrocarbons from sulfur-bound macromolecules not otherwise amenable to chromatographic analysis. We desulfurized two geochemical extracts: one sample is a Monterey shale of late Miocene age, and the other sample is a surface sediment from the Greenland lake Brayas&amp;#xf8;. Both samples contained organic sulfur compounds, but the Monterey shale was biologically and thermally modified after deposition. A comparison of the free and sulfur-bound hydrocarbons from each sample revealed a precursor-product relationship between tocopherol and pristane, for Monterey....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3325/version/1

Bio-Communication of Bacteria and its Evolutionary Interrelations to Natural Genome Editing Competences of Viruses
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Guenther Witzany.
Communicative competences enable bacteria to develop, organise and coordinate rich social life with a great variety of behavioral patterns even in which they organise themselves like multicellular organisms. They have existed for almost four billion years and still survive, being part of the most dramatic changes in evolutionary history such as DNA invention, cellular life, invention of nearly all protein types, partial constitution of eukaryotic cells, vertical colonisation of all eukaryotes, high adaptability through horizontal gene transfer and co-operative multispecies colonisation of all ecological niches. Recent research demonstrates that these bacterial competences derive from the aptitude of viruses for natural genome editing....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Microbiology; Molecular Cell Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1738/version/1

The dynamic consequences of invasion: negative plant-soil feedbacks on natives increase ver the time course of invasion
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Elizabeth H. Schultheis; Jennifer A. Lau.
*a) Background/Questions/Methods*&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Exotic species can negatively impact native community members, directly through interference competition, or indirectly by altering interactions between native species and other species such as pathogens and mutualists. Soil microbial communities have been shown to respond to invasive species, yet are relatively stable and may take time to respond to perturbations. For this reason, microbe-mediated effects of invasives on natives may take time to develop and may change throughout the invasion process. Few studies have investigated how species interactions between natives and exotics change during invasions.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;_Acer platanoides_ was introduced into the US from Europe in 1756...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5192/version/1

Evidence of novel type of ribosome in eukaryotic intermediate flatworm
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Haoran  H. Wang; Mary X. Gao; Sato Kenzo; Kazumitsu Hirai.
In all organisms, messenger-directed protein synthesis is catalyzed by ribonucleoprotein particles called ribosomes. A ribosome is typically composed of one small and one large subunit which contain one short (18S) and one long (28S) rRNAs, respectively. Surprisingly, in this study, three similar size rRNAs (18-21S) were revealed in the electrophoresis profile of the total RNAs of tapeworm _Spirometra erinaceiuropaei_. Northern blot analysis shows that one of the three bands belongs to 18S rRNA, and the other two bands are of 28S rRNAs, implying structurally distinct ribosomes in this intermediate animal. Furthermore, similar, but not identical profiles were observed in two other tapeworms _Diphyllobothrium hottai_ and _Diphyllobothrium Nipponkaiizeme_....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Molecular Cell Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2608/version/1

Estimation of DNA Sequence Context-dependent Mutation Rates Using Primate Genomic Sequences: Application to Estimation of Selection Bias in Protein (Human TP53) Evolution
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Wei Zhang.
Understanding of the mechanism of DNA mutation process is critical for studying the functional consequences of genetic variation in clinical medicine (eg. drug response) as well as other complex traits (eg. gene expression and cause of common diseases). During the last several decades, many probabilistic models of DNA nucleotide substitution have been proposed for studying this process. A common feature of these mutation models is that they assume the nucleotides evolve independently at each site. In other words, they are sequence context-independent models. However, based on various biochemical studies, it is now recognized that the DNA mutation process resulting in substitutions in both coding and non-coding regions may depend on sequence context. We...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1243/version/1

Analysis of Sustainable Water Resources Management (SWRM) in Agriculture
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ahmad Reza Ommani; Mohammad Chizari.
The purpose of this research was analysis Sustainable Water Resources Management (SWRM) in agriculture of Khouzestan Province of Iran. The research method was quantitative research. Total population of experts in the study included all agricultural extension experts (N=96) of Agricultural-Jihad Organization of Khuzestan Province, Iran. Based on frequency of respondents about importance rate of supportive policies regarding SWRM in agriculture, 70.8% of respondents stated that encouraging farmers for using sustainable methods had very high importance. In reference to the frequency of respondents about extension system roles on realization of SWRM dimensions in agriculture, 52.8% of respondents stated conservation of water resources had very high importance...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4046/version/1

Soil extracellular enzyme activities from a forest harvest and climate manipulation experiment in central Pennsylvania
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Marshall D. McDaniel; Jason P. Kaye; Mary Ann V. Bruns; Margot W. Kaye.
We have previously shown that warming and wetting a post-harvest forest soil increased C and N mineralization rates.  A series of interacting processes may lead to these observed patterns including shifts in microbial allocation among extracellular enzymes.  We monitored soil extracellular enzyme activity (EEA) for 2.5 years in a post-harvest, climate manipulated field experiment.  A 2 ha forest in Central Pennsylvania was whole-tree harvested in 2007 and climate manipulations of +2 &amp;#xb0;C (warmed), and +20% mean monthly historical precipitation (wetted) were added to plots and in combination in a factorial design.  The following enzymes were quantified: &amp;#x3b2;-1,4-glucosidase (BG), cellobiohydrolase (CBH), leucine aminopeptidase (LA),...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6254/version/2

A new approach to generating research-quality phenology data: The USA National Phenology Monitoring System
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ellen G. Denny; Abraham J. Miller-Rushing; Brian P. Haggerty; Bruce E. Wilson; Jake F. Weltzin; the rest of the USA-NPN Protocol Development Team.
The USA National Phenology Network (www.usanpn.org) has recently initiated a national effort to encourage people at different levels of expertise&amp;#x2014;from backyard naturalists to professional scientists&amp;#x2014;to observe phenology and contribute to a national database that will be used to greatly improve our understanding of spatio-temporal variation in phenology and associated phenological responses to climate change. Many phenological observation protocols identify speci&amp;#xfb01;c single dates at which individual phenological events are observed, but the scienti&amp;#xfb01;c usefulness of long-term phenological observations can be improved with a more carefully structured protocol. At the USA-NPN we have developed a new approach that...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3695/version/2

Overweight, Obesity and Socio-economic Change among Tangkhul Naga Tribal Women of Manipur, North East India
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: N.K. Mungreiphy; Satwanti Kapoor.
Background: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. Although in countries like India, which is multi-ethnic having multi socio-economic levels, is typically known for high prevalence of under nutrition, significant proportions of overweight and obese now coexist with the undernourished. &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Objectives: The study aims to find the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and its association with socio-economic change among Tangkhul Naga women of Manipur, North East India and also to compare with other female populations of India.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 346 Tangkhul Naga tribal women of Manipur, age ranging from 20 to...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1947/version/1

Adapting natural resource management to climate change on the Olympic Peninsula
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jessica Halofsky; David L. Peterson.
Climate change presents a major challenge to natural resource managers both because of the magnitude of potential effects of climate change on ecosystem structure, process, and function, and because of the uncertainty associated with those potential ecological effects. Concrete ways to adapt to climate change are needed to help natural resource managers take the first steps to incorporate climate change into management and take advantage of opportunities to balance the negative effects of climate change. We initiated a climate change adaptation case study at Olympic National Forest and Olympic National Park to determine how to adapt management of federal lands on the Olympic Peninsula to climate change. As a part of the case study process, we conducted a...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5239/version/1

Collective Animal Behavior from Bayesian Estimation and Probability Matching
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Alfonso Perez-Escudero; Gonzalo G. de Polavieja.
Animals living in groups make movement decisions that depend, among other factors, on social interactions with other group members. Our present understanding of social rules in animal collectives is mainly based on empirical fits to observations, with less emphasis in obtaining first-principles approaches that allow their derivation. Here we show that patterns of collective decisions can be derived from the basic ability of animals to make probabilistic estimations in the presence of uncertainty. We build a decision-making model with two stages: Bayesian estimation and probabilistic matching.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;In the first stage, each animal makes a Bayesian estimation of which behavior is best to perform taking into account personal...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5939/version/2

Population Dynamics
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ron W. Nielsen.
Explicit assumption that the use of natural resources promoting and sustaining growth is proportional to the number of people living on the planet at any given time leads to a model, which reproduces the population data remarkably well.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2983/version/1

The National Vegetation Classification Standard: Implementation and outreach for the state of Oklahoma
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Todd D. Fagin; Bruce W. Hoagland; David Lowther.
Efficient stewardship of the nation&amp;#x2019;s biological resources requires a systematic inventory and classification of the systems which support these resources.  However, until recently, a single classification system utilized across jurisdictional boundaries and throughout multiple collecting agencies was non-existent. Rather, conservation priorities were focused primarily at the local and regional scales, with inventory and mapping standards varying from one area to the next. Inconsistent standards of inventories and classifications compounded the difficulties inherent in management of biological resources, namely the ability to present multi-scale, synoptic views of vegetation resources.  In order to address these problems, the Federal Geographic...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Data Standards.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3621/version/1

Working memory: Is it the new IQ?
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Tracy Packiam Alloway; Ross G. Alloway.
Working memory, our ability to process and remember information, is linked to a range of cognitive activities from reasoning tasks to verbal comprehension. There is also extensive evidence of the relationship between working memory and learning outcomes. However, some researchers suggest that working memory is simply a proxy for IQ and does not make a unique contribution to learning outcomes. Here we show that children&amp;#x27;s working memory skills at 5 years of age was the best predictor of reading, spelling, and math outcomes six years later. IQ, in contrast, accounted for a smaller portion of unique variance to reading and math skills, and was not a significant predictor of spelling performance. Our results demonstrate that working memory is not a...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2343/version/1

New Spontaneous Model of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Bruce Rothschild; Larry Martin; Robert Timm.
We report the first known example of spontaneous, naturally occurring fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) in a mammal. The Southeast Asian mouse deer of the genus _Tragulus_ (Artiodactyla: Tragulidae) have an osseous sheath covering the lower back and upper thigh region consistent with the clinical definition of FOP. This heterotophic bone deposition is sex related apparently with a genetic basis - it only occurs in males and is lacking in females; it is present in all adults males, including both wild obtained and zoo bred animals. _Tragulus_ may offer the opportunity to examine many of the disease&amp;#x27;s most significant attributes experimentally.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1541/version/1

Phylogenetic Codivergence Supports Coevolution of Mimetic Heliconius Butterflies
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Jennifer Hoyal Cuthill; Michael Charleston.
The unpalatable and warning-patterned butterflies _Heliconius erato_ and _Heliconius melpomene_ provide the best studied example of mutualistic M&amp;#xfc;llerian mimicry, thought &amp;#x2013; but rarely demonstrated &amp;#x2013; to promote coevolution. Some of the strongest available evidence for coevolution comes from phylogenetic codivergence, the parallel divergence of ecologically associated lineages. Early evolutionary reconstructions suggested codivergence between mimetic populations of _H. erato_ and _H. melpomene_, and this was initially hailed as the most striking known case of coevolution. However, subsequent molecular phylogenetic analyses found discrepancies in phylogenetic branching patterns and timing (topological and temporal incongruence)...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Genetics &amp; Genomics; Bioinformatics; Evolutionary Biology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6829/version/1

Fighting Risky Population Synchronization: Desynchronization and Stabilization in Spatially Structured Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ming Luo.
Population synchronization exists ubiquitously in ecological systems, of which the underlying causes and the roles in species extinction remain a perplexing puzzle. It is generally believed that the coherence of population dynamics is detrimental and regarded as a major cause of global extinction. A central but unsolved question in ecology of great importance for conservation and biological control is how to destroy the pernicious coherent structures. Here, a top-down approach is adopted to tackle the challenge. A feedback strategy accordingly is applied to stabilize the metacommunity, i.e., to reduce excessive metapopulation fluctuations by means of introducing or removing a planned number of individuals. As a result, the feedback desynchronizes...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6673/version/1

Cattle Egrets and dry fish business in coastal areas
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Kotta Seedikkoya; PA Azeezpa.
Cattle Egret is one of the common wetland birds in India known for its efficiency to make use of human interfered habitats. The present study is an attempt to document maggots of houseflies and calliphorids in the coastal sun drying fish yards and the role of the species in containing the vector species. The number of flies and maggots were found related with the visit of cattle egrets, demonstrating the importance of the species in controlling the vectors.
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2752/version/1

A stable backbone for the fungi
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Ingo Ebersberger; Matthias Gube; Sascha Strauss; Anne Kupczok; Martin Eckart; Kerstin Voigt; Erika Kothe; Arndt von Haeseler.
Fungi are abundant in the biosphere. They have fascinated mankind as far as written history goes and have considerably influenced our culture. In biotechnology, cell biology, genetics, and life sciences in general fungi constitute relevant model organisms. Once the phylogenetic relationships of fungi are stably resolved individual results from fungal research can be combined into a holistic picture of biology. However, and despite recent progress, the backbone of the fungal phylogeny is not yet fully resolved. Especially the early evolutionary history of fungi and the order or below-order relationships within the ascomycetes remain uncertain. Here we present the first phylogenomic study for a eukaryotic kingdom that merges all publicly available fungal...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Bioinformatics.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2901/version/1

Microbial responses to changes in land use
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Rebecca C. Mueller; Klaus N&amp;#xfc;sslein; Jorge Rodrigues; James Tiedje; Vivian Pellizari; Brigitte Feigl; Brendan Bohannan.
Background/Question/Methods&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Land use change is one of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide. This is especially true for land use change that results in the destruction of intact forest, or &amp;#x22;deforestation&amp;#x201d;. Deforestation is causing a loss of biological diversity on an unprecedented scale, especially in the Tropics. It is unclear how the majority of the biodiversity on Earth &amp;#x2013; microbial biodiversity &amp;#x2013; is responding to these extraordinary rates of deforestation. I will provide an overview of our current understanding of microbial responses to deforestation. I will focus, as an example, on our current research regarding the effects of deforestation on the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Microbiology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5505/version/1

Lethal and sublethal effects of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) for turbot (_Psetta maxima_) early life stage (ELS)
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Lazhar Mhadhbi; Jose  Fumega; Moncef Boumaiza; Ricardo Beiras.
A new toxic menace, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), is being detected in the aquatic environment all over the world. The environmental presence of PBDEs and its entry into the environment as BDE-47 and -99 make quality aquatic toxicity data necessary to assess the aquatic hazard risk of PBDs. This study examines the effects of three PBDE-47 and -99 on embryo and larval stages of the marine flatfish turbot (_Psetta maxima_). The acute toxicity of the three PBDEs was examined and NOEC, LOEC, LC10 and LC50 were calculated. All tested compounds caused lethal as well as nonlethal malformations during embryo development. The effects of PBDEs in the different life stages of turbot were analysed. PBDEs seemed to be teratogenic at concentrations higher than...
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4656/version/1

Coexistence of grazed and grazing excluded patches increases plant and invertebrate diversity in a Mediterranean oak woodland
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Miguel M. N. Bugalho; Lecomte Xavier; Maria Caldeira; Mer&amp;#xed;cia Gon&amp;#xe7;alves; Manuela Branco.
Grazing is a global, dominant land use affecting biodiversity and ecosystem processes. In Mediterranean ecosystems grazing is a major ecological and evolutionary driver but, surprisingly, there is little information on the use of grazing as a tool to manage biodiversity in these ecosystems. We conducted an experiment to assess if the coexistence of grazing and grazing-excluded patches would increase plant and invertebrate diversity in a Mediterranean evergreen oak woodland. Plant community traits were different between treatments. Plant and litter biomass was higher, and the proportion of bare ground was lower, in grazing-excluded plots. Grazing affected functional diversity with legumes, invertebrate detritivores and sup sucking insects being more...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5194/version/1

Fire history, fire regimes, and climate change &amp;#x2013; integrating information for management and planning
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: William T. Sommers.
Background/Question/Methods   &amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Federal and other natural resource managers in the United States are now required to consider climate change in their planning. Wildland fire is a major component included in many of these planning efforts. Fire is a widespread ecosystem disturbance process that is global in scope with local to regional, event driven, resource and societal impacts.  The frequency, severity and extent of Wildland fires are largely a function of interactions between vegetation and atmospheric processes. Fire activity and management costs have increased significantly over the last few decades. There is growing evidence that these increases relate to measured changes in climate variables. Our understanding of fire history, fire...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5238/version/1

Paleoecology of the Maastrichtian and Danian sediment at North of Central Alborz, Iran, based on Planktonic foraminifera
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Behnaz Balmaki.
In order to study the fossil contents of the Ziarat-kola section for biostratigraphical purposes the 212 meters was sampled at Central Alborz. The sequence is mainly made up of monotonous grey- green to light grey marl. Based on Planktonic foraminifera age of Maastrichtian-Danian is determined to the section.&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;&amp;#xd;&amp;#xa;Four zones were determined by the benthic foraminifera morphogroup for showing oxygen and productivity change. The approximate low oxygen and high food supply has been indicates zone of one that increase infauna to epifauna morphotype percent is low (nearness 60% infouna, 40% epifauna). In zone two, with due attention to equal percent of Epifauna ratio to infauna, intermediate oxygen and food supply is anticipated....
Tipo: Manuscript
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4475/version/1

Elevated CO2 and O3 Effects on Fine-Root Life Span in Ponderosa Pine
Provedor de dados: 17
Autores: Donald L. Phillips; Mark G. Johnson; David T. Tingey; Marjorie J. Storm.
Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) and ozone (O3) concentrations are rising, which may have opposing effects on tree C balance and allocation to fine roots.  More information is needed on interactive CO2 and O3 effects on roots, particularly fine-root life span, a critical demographic parameter and determinant of soil C and N pools and cycling rates.  We conducted a study in which ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) seedlings were exposed to two levels of CO2 and O3 in sun-lit controlled-environment terracosms for three years.  Minirhizotrons were used to monitor individual fine roots in three soil horizons every 28 days.  Proportional hazards regression was used to analyze effects of CO2, O3, diameter, depth, and season of root initiation on fine-root...
Tipo: Poster
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Earth &amp; Environment; Plant Biology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3703/version/1

Composition, Abundance and Richness of Sarcophagidae (Diptera: Oestroidea) in Forests and Forest Gaps with Different Vegetation Cover
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Sousa,JRP de; Esposito,MC; Carvalho Filho,FS.
This study was carried out in the Base Operacional Geólogo Pedro de Moura (BOGPM) in the Urucu River Basin, Coari, state of Amazonas, Brazil, during April, June, and October 2007, in 16 areas, 4 in primary forests (environment MT) and 12 in gaps (environments C1, C2, and C3) at different stages of vegetation recovery, with different plant cover height. We collected 3,547 specimens of flesh flies. The 3,525 individuals identified to species level included 10 genera, 6 subgenera, and 23 species. Sarcodexia lambens (Wiedemann) (47.1%) and Peckia (Peckia) chrysostoma (Wiedemann) (19.1%) were the most abundant species. The abundance patterns and estimated richness differed between the environments, and were separated in two groups, one of the gaps (C1, C2, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Community; Ecology; Flesh fly; Anthropic impact.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2011000100003

Distribuição espacial e variação temporal da composição de espécies de borrachudos (Diptera: Simuliidae) em uma microbacia situada no norte do Paraná
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Santos,Rachel B dos; Lopes,José; Santos,Karen B dos.
In this work, the survey of simuliid species and the study of their spatial distribution in four streams of a small watershed situated in Londrina, Paraná State, were carried out from January to October 2007. Changes in the species composition of the breeding sites were also checked along the sampling months. Seventeen black fly species were found, being Simulium botulibranchium Lutz, Simulium travassosi d'Andretta &amp;amp; d'Andretta, Simulium anamariae Vulcano, Simulium brachycladum Lutz &amp;amp; Pinto and Simulium metallicum s. l. Bellardi new records for Paraná State. The Canonical Correspondence Analysis showed that the environmental variables most correlated to the species distribution among sample sites were water conductivity and those linked to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aquatic insect; Simulium; Ecology; Neotropical region.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2010000200022

Study of the Drosophilidae (Diptera) communities on Atlantic Forest islands of Santa Catarina State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Toni,Daniela C. de; Gottschalk,Marco S.; Cordeiro,Juliana; Hofmann,Paulo P.R.; Valente,Vera L.S.
A study of the community dynamics of Drosophilidae was carried out in six insular communities and two others on the mainland. Seasonal collections were carried out throughout two years in Santa Catarina State, southern of Brazil. The diversity index calculations show high values when compared with temperate climate communities. The sites on the mainland (Serra do Tabuleiro) presented the highest diversity, which was measured by the Diversity Index (H'). These sites are covered by primary Atlantic Forest and theoretically should have a higher variation of ecological niches. A dendogram showing the similarity between the communities, calculated by Morisita Index, points to a level of similarity equal to 60% for all communities. In this diagram, we can see...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Drosophila; Biodiversity; Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2007000300004

Diversity and community structure of social wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in three ecosystems in itaparica island, Bahia State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Santos,Gilberto M. de M.; Bichara Filho,Carlos C.; Resende,Janete J.; Cruz,Jucelho D. da; Marques,Oton M.
We studied the structure and composition of communities of social wasps associated with the three insular ecosystems: mangrove swamp, the Atlantic Rain Forest and the 'restinga'- lowland sandy ecosystems located between the mountain range and the sea. Three hundred and ninety-one nests of 21 social wasp species were collected. The diversity of wasps found in each ecosystem was significantly correlated to the diversity of vegetation in each of the three physiognomies, (r² = 0.85; F(1.16) = 93.85; P &lt; 0. 01). The Tropical Atlantic Forest physiognomy had higher species richness (18 species), followed by the restinga (16 species) and the mangrove (8 species) ecosystems.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Polistinae; Mangrove swamp; Restinga; Atlantic Forest.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2007000200002

Diversity of edaphic Rhodacaroid mites (Acari: Mesostigmata: Rhodacaroidea) in natural ecosystems in the state of São Paulo, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Silva,Edmilson S.; Moraes,Gilberto J. de; Krantz,Gerard W.
This study was conducted to evaluate the diversity of rhodacaroid mites in litter and soil samples from "Mata Atlântica" and "Cerrado", e ecosystems of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 969 adult rhodacaroids were collected, 913 in the Mata Atlântica and 56 in the Cerrado. Representatives of three rhodacaroid families were from: Ologamasidae, Rhodacaridae and Digamasellidae. Most numerous groups were ologamasids in the Mata Atlântica and rhodacarids in the Cerrado. Mites from both ecosystems represented 12 genera of Ologamasidae, two of Rhodacaridae and one of Digamasellidae. A total of 13 genera were found in litter samples and seven in soil samples of Mata Atlântica. The most common genera in this ecosystem were Neogamasellevans Loots &amp;amp;...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Edaphic mite; Ecology; Litter; Soil; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2004000500002

Mites (Acari) of rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg., Euphorbiaceae) in Piracicaba, state of São Paulo, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: De Vis,Raf M.J.; Moraes,Gilberto J. de; Bellini,Marcos R.
This study determined the main mite species on rubber trees (clone RRIM-600) in Piracicaba, southeast of São Paulo State, from June 2002 to May 2003 and evaluated the possible relation between them. It was conducted in a plantation of 5 ha on 11 year old trees, 15 m high, surrounded with crops as pearl millet, cotton, bean or corn. Samples were taken monthly and consisted of five leaflets, five petioles (only from October 2002 on) and five terminal sections of twigs (10 cm) from 15 rubber trees. All mites of one leaflet, one petiole and one twig section of each plant were mounted for identification to genera/species to estimate the proportional occurrence of each species. A total of 84,850 mites belonging to 38 species of 34 genera and 16 families were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Pest management; Biological control.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2006000100015

Changes in Brazilian Drosophilidae (Diptera) assemblages across an urbanisation gradient
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Gottschalk,Marco S.; De Toni,Daniela C.; Valente,Vera L.S.; Hofmann,Paulo R.P.
The present study aims to characterise the assemblages of Drosophilidae sampled from four sites subject to different levels of urbanisation, in the city of Florianópolis, South Brazil. Five samples were collected between August 2000 and August 2001 and five between August 2002 and August 2003 in each site. A gradual change in the dominant species was observed in the urbanisation gradient, with an increase in relative abundance of exotic species in urban areas. Among the native species, the relative abundance of Drosophila capricorni Dobzhansky &amp;amp; Pavan had an expressive decrease. In the other hand the richness in the low urbanisation site increased, probably due to the presence of urban gardens. The diversity index did not vary significantly among...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Drosophila; Zaprionus; Ecology; Diversity; Richness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2007000600005

Faunistic analysis of sharpshooters (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) in a 'Westin' sweet orange orchard
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Coelho,Juliana H.C.; Ximenes,Nivian L.; Felippe,Marcos R.; Montesino,Luiz H.; Garbim,Luiz F.; Sanches,André L.; Dalla Pria Jr,Wolney; Yamamoto,Pedro T.
The purpose of this study was to analyze sharpshooter fauna in a five-year-old 'Westin' sweet orange orchard. Yellow sticky traps were placed on the edge of a forest, and on the periphery and inside the citrus stand. The traps were evaluated fortnightly, for three years. The most frequent species were Acrogonia citrina Marucci &amp;amp; Cavichioli, Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Berg), and Oncometopia facialis (Signoret). B. xanthophis occurred more in the forest edge, especially on spring and winter. A. citrina occurred most frequently in the forest edge, especially on spring. The highest incidence of O. facialis was inside the citrus stand, on spring and summer. Other cicadellids occurred more often in the forest edge, especially on summer. A. citrina, B....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cicadellinae; Citrus sinensis; Citrus Variegated Chlorosis; Ecology.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2008000400014

Entomological characterization and natural infection of anophelines in an area of the Atlantic Forest with autochthonous malaria cases in mountainous region of Espírito Santo State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 82
Autores: Rezende,Helder R; Soares,Renata M; Cerutti Jr,Crispim; Alves,Isabel C; Natal,Delsio; Urbinatti,Paulo R; Yamasaki,Tasciane; Falqueto,Aloísio; Malafronte,Rosely dos S.
Autochthonous malaria cases in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, are distributed in mountainous regions surrounded by the Atlantic Forest. While some aspects of this disease are unclear, detection of possible vector species can help to elucidate epidemiological uncertainties. Entomological and natural infection studies were carried out using anophelines (Diptera: Culicidae) captured in the municipality of Santa Tereza, ES. Monthly captures were made from March 2004 to February 2006. CDC-CO2 traps were used from dusk (6:00 P.M.) to dawn (6:00 A.M.) to capture anophelines in the following habitats: near the houses, in open areas (at ground level) and inside, and at the margins of the forest (canopy and ground level). Shannon light traps were also used at...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Anopheles cruzii; Autochthonous malaria; Plasmodium; PCR; Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1519-566X2009000200017

Abundance, feeding and reproduction of Salminus sp. (Pisces: Characidae) from mountain streams of the Andean piedmont in Venezuela
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Rodríguez-Olarte,Douglas; Taphorn B.,Donald C.
To obtain basic information for management, aspects of the ecology of Salminus sp. (Pisces: Characidae), were studied in piedmont rivers of the southwestern flank of the Andes in Venezuela. Collections were made with seines of various lengths and mesh sizes, and both underwater and terrestrial observations were recorded to estimate abundance and feeding events. Interviews with local fishermen and inhabitants were made to obtain data on use. The species is present along the entire length of the Andean piedmont in Venezuela, although in some rivers it is now scarce. Small individuals form mixed schools with Brycon whitei, but larger Salminus sp. usually only school with others of the same species. Average abundance was greater in larger rivers, and didn't...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Food; Sexual Maturity; Andes Mountains; Subsistence fishery; Ecology; Management.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252006000100007

Two new species of Microglanis (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae) from the upper-middle rio Araguaia basin, Central Brazil
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Ruiz,William Benedito Gotto; Shibatta,Oscar Akio.
Two new species of Microglanis are described from tributaries of upper-middle rio Araguaia, States of Mato Grosso and Goiás, Brazil. Microglanis oliveirai differs from its congeners by the short supraoccipital process not reaching the small anterior nuchal plate, and reduced number of gill rakers, lateral line pores, ribs, vertebrae, and caudal-fin rays. Microglanis xylographicus differs from its congeners by the presence of melanophores surrounding the neuromasts of the superficial lines, snout length 11.4-12.9% SL and body color pattern consisting of horizontal brown stripes similar to a wooden bark pattern. An identification key of Microglanis species from the Amazon basin is presented.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neotropical; Rio Tocantins; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000400002

Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblage in Córrego Rico, upper Paraná River basin
Provedor de dados: 83
Autores: Takahashi,Erico L. H; Rosa,Fabricio R. T.; Langeani,Francisco; Nakaghi,Laura S. O.
The upper Paraná River basin drains areas of intensive industry and agriculture, suffering negative impacts. The Córrego Rico flows through sugar cane fields and receives urban wastewater. The aim of this work is to describe and to compare the fish assemblage structure in Córrego Rico. Six standardized bimonthly samples were collected between August 2008 and June 2009 in seven different stretches of Córrego Rico. Fishes were collected with an experimental seine and sieves, euthanized, fixed in formalin and preserved in ethanol for counting and identification. Data were recorded for water parameters, instream habitat and riparian features within each stretch. Non-metric multidimensional scaling, species richness and diversity analysis were performed to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dam effects; Diversity; Ecology; Mogi Guaçu River.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252013000100143

Kenya, Reef Status And Ecology
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Mwachireya, S.; Uku, J.N.; Mdodo, R.; Obura, D.; Wawiye, P.
Coral reefs along the entire coast of Kenya suffered widespread bleaching and mortality of corals during the first half of 1998 (Wilkinson, 1998; Obura, 1999; McClanahan et al., 1999). This status report summarises findings relating specifically to coral bleaching, mortality and effects on benthic community structure. In addition, preliminary results from a number of research projects investigating different aspects of the bleaching event are reported here. In shallow waters, on a per-area basis, most of Kenya’s southern fringing reefs have lost between 66% and 80% of their live corals. Coral reefs in deeper water suffered less mortality due to lesser exposure to higher temperatures. Reefs on the northern part of the coast, influenced by cold water...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Ecology.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/774

Hallazgo de Isaurus duchassaingi (Coelenterata: Zoantharia) en la Región de Santa Marta
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Manjarrés, G.
Isaurus duchassaingi es un zoantidio braquinémido que vive solitario o formando pequeñas colonias. Se encuentra típicamente en zonas rocosas y formaciones coralinas. Una información de su morfología es dada por DUERDEN (1898). El presente artículo da una breve descripción de la especie y algunas notas complementarias de su morfología interna y observaciones ecológicas realizadas en el campo.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Coral; Anatomy; Ecology; Ecology; Anatomy; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_49890.
Ano: 1982
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3959

Le crabe profond Geryon maritae de Mauritanie : I. Ecologie et biologie
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Kojemiakine, A.; Diop, M.
Résumé : Après avoir exposé les connaissances sur la distribution géographique du crabe profond (Geryon maritae) dans les eaux mauritaniennes et abordé quelques aspects de son écologie, ce travail s’est intéressé à la biologie de l’espèce (croissance, sex-ratio, période de ponte et fécondité).
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Biological data; Ecology; Geographical distribution; Crab culture.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/252

Étude Taxonomique et Écophysiologique des dinoflagellés toxiques du Golfe de Gabès: Alexandrium minutum, Prorocentrum lima, Coolia spp. &amp; Ostreopsis ovata.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Abdennadher, M.
Cette thèse a pour objectif principal la caractérisation taxonomique, physiologique et écologique d’espèces de dinoflagellés associées à des alertes de toxicité dans le golfe de Gabès à savoir : Alexandrium minutum, Prorocentrum lima, Coolia monotis et Ostreopsis ovata. L’optimisation des conditions de culture des espèces de dinoflagellés et la mise en place d’une phytothèque composée d’une collection de cultures de microalgues toxiques étaient notre priorité dans cette investigation. Une analyse de la base des données REPHY a été effectuée dans le cadre de cette thèse. L’étude taxonomique moyennant la microscopie électronique en transmission et à balayage nous a permis de déceler les importantes caractéristiques morphologiques de distinction pour chaque...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Physiology; Taxonomy; Ecology; Phytoplankton culture.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5924

Las especies de Conus (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conidae) en la región de Santa Marta: Caribe colombiano, con notas sobre su ecología y distribución
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Díaz, Juan M.
Se registran e ¡lustran 14 especies y subespecies de Conus de la región de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano, y se discute brevemente el status taxonómico de algunas de ellas. Se incluyen análisis comparativos de sus preferencias ambientales (sustrato, profundidad) y sus patrones de distribución geográfica en el Atlántico occidental.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Malacology; Geographical distribution; Marine molluscs; Ecology; Taxonomy; New records; Malacology; Geographical distribution; Ecology; Taxonomy; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4528; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7631.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3884

GIS-based integration of interdisciplinary ecological data to detect land-cover changes in creek Mangroves at Gazi Bay, Kenya
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Koedam, N.; Dahdouh-Guebas, F.; De Wulf, R.; Tack, J.; Obade, P.T.
Historic environmental, faunal, floral and socioeconomic data of Gazi Bay in coastal Kenya were collated and integrated into a GIS environment and data of impacts due to various factors were then related to remotely sensed data. Rhizophora mucronata, a valuable mangrove species, was investigated. Very low values of basal area (7.7 m2/ha and 4.9 m2/ha) and complexity indices (1.86 and 1.12) at Makongeni and Kinondo 1, respectively, reflected intense human pressure in these areas. Areas that were easily accessible or close to human settlements appeared more vulnerable. Accrued information from a socioeconomic survey carried out over the same period corroborates the hypothesis that human influence was a major contributor to these changes. Historic aerial...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Environmental monitoring; Mangroves; Fauna; Satellite imagery; Environmental impact; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1087

Zur Ökologie von Monochaetum meridense und Monochaetum bonplandii im Nebelwald der Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Winkler, S.
En el bosque de niebla del San Lorenzo cerca de Santa Marta, a 2050 ms sobre nivel del mar, fueron medidas temperatura y humedad relativa durante 24 horas. En el mismo lapso se registraron los cambios de peso en las hojas de dos especies de Monochaetum (Melastomataceae), causados por la precipitación de rocío. Se analizó la anatomía de las hojas, y se le discute en relación con la estructura de su cutícula, de los factores ambientales y de las variaciones de peso. Se refiere a la formación de características epifíticas en Melastomatáceas de suelo, en relación con otras especies de Monochaetum presentes en la región de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 1971
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3435

Estructura del manglar en el Delta exterior del Río Magdalena-Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, una zona tensionada por alteraciones del equilibrio hídrico
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Serrano-Díaz, L.A.; Botero, L.; Cardona, P.; Mancera-Pineda, J.E.
La estructura de los bosques de manglar del Delta Exterior del Río Magdalena-Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (DERM-CGSM) y algunas variables abióticas de sus suelos fueron cuantificadas con el objeto principal de proveer una línea de base para evaluaciones futuras de cambios en el ecosistema, como consecuencia de la reapertura de caños de agua dulce provenientes del Río Magdalena. Se encontró que los bosques que rodean el complejo lagunar exhiben diferentes grados de desarrollo estructural, desde casi ningún desarrollo (completamente muertos) hasta bosques complejos. El mejor desarrollo estructural se encontró en las estaciones localizadas sobre el Caño El Jobo (JOB) y sobre la Ciénaga de la Aguja (AGU) en la zona suroccidental del área de estudio. La...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Mangroves; Ecology; Population structure; Salinity effects; Lethal limits; Habitat; Redox potential; Condition factor; Redox potential; Estuaries; Ecology; Population structure; Coastal lagoons; Mangroves; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6482; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6115; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16190.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3814

Eastern Arc Mountains &amp; Coastal Forests Of Tanzania &amp; Kenya Biodiversity Hotspot
Provedor de dados: 20
The Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund (CEPF) is designed to safeguard the world's threatened biodiversity hotspots in developing countries. It is a joint initiative of Conservation International (CI), the Global Environment Facility (GEF), the Government of Japan, the MacArthur Foundation and the World Bank. CEPF supports projects in hotspots, areas with more than 60 percent of the Earth’s terrestrial species in just 1.4 percent of its land surface. A fundamental purpose of CEPF is to ensure that civil society is engaged in efforts to conserve biodiversity in the hotspots. An additional purpose is to ensure that those efforts complement existing strategies and frameworks established by local, regional and national governments. CEPF aims to promote...
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Biodiversity.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/370

Los peces Gobiidae de los arrecifes del Caribe colombiano. III. El Género Coryphopterus
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Garzón-Ferreira, J.; Acero-P., A.
Se presenta información descriptiva y ecológica de nueve especies del género Coryphopterus (Pisces: Gobiidae) colectadas en los arrecifes, principalmente coralinos, del Caribe colombiano (incluyendo la Isla de Providencia). Se incluye además una-clave para identificar las especies. La más común en los muéstreos fue C. personatus (67%), seguida por C. eidolon (52%), C. dicrus (21%), C. glaucofraenum (27%); C. thrix (19%), C. tortugae (10%), C. lipernes (9%), C. hyalinus (4%) y C. alloides (3%). Se observaron diferencias regionales importantes en relación con su presencia y abundancia. Las poblaciones del Caribe continental colombiano tienden a ser más pigmentadas que las de regiones norteñas del Atlántico oeste trópica!, probablemente a causa de la...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Reef fish; Ichthyology; Ecology; Identification keys; Abundance; Feeding behaviour; Ecology; Feeding behaviour; Ichthyology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10778; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3788.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3885

La malacofauna de la zona costera de Santa Marta y Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Díaz, Juan M.
Con base en colectas intensivas y en la bibliografía existente se hizo un listado de las especies de moluscos conocidas de la región de Santa Marta y Parque Nacional Natural Tayrona con anotaciones sobre sus preferencias de sustrato y rango de profundidad. De un total de 727 especies, 485 son gastrópodos, 214 bivalvos, 13 poliplacóforos, 10 escafópodos y 5 cefalópodos. La mayor cantidad de especies se encuentra en fondos de arena con fanerógamas marinas y de rocas sueltas (cantos, bloques) en aguas someras. La gran cantidad de especies en esta región se explica por la concentración de variados biotopos y rangos de profundidad en áreas reducidas y por factores histórico-biogeográficos particulares de esta región.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Depth; Malacology; Ecology; Habitat; Condition factor; Substrate preferences; Malacology; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4528; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3759

Einige Ergebnisse aus Feldbeobachtungen an Phyllobates palmatus (Amphibia, Ranidae) in Kolumbien
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Lüddecke, H.
Se presentan datos sobre el comportamiento y la ecología de Phyllobates plamatus, una rana, la cual hasta el momento solamente ha sido encontrada en Colombia. la especie vive exclusivamente cerca del agua. Con frecuencia forma agrupaciones de muchos individuos en un área bien definida. Dentro de este viven en su mayoría en territorios individuales. Los machos prefieren puntos elevados de su territorio como lugar para sus cantos. Se observaron tres tipos de campos: El primer tipo parece tener la función de un canto de apareamiento; el segundo está, probablemente, relacionado con la defensa del territorio y el tercer tipo de canto se observa solamente inmediatamente ante la introducción a la postura de los huevos. A menudo se observan cantos alternos entre...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Behaviour; Ecology; Behaviour; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_868.
Ano: 1976
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3272

Notes on the ecology of the lizards from Malpelo island, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Herrón, Pilar A.; López Victoria, Mateo; Botello, Juan Carlos.
Notas sobre la ecología de los lagartos de la isla Malpelo, Colombia. Observaciones de dos de las especies endémicas de lagartos de la isla Malpelo ofrecen características poco conocidas de su historia natural, ecología y estado poblacional. Anolis agassizi, el lagarto más abundante y ampliamente distribuido, se alimenta principalmente de insectos y excretas de aves marinas. Duerme sobre rocas grandes, en las paredes de los cerros o sobre estructuras construidas por el hombre y, aunque no defiende sitios de percha como la mayoría de Anolis, muestra predilección por sitios elevados en donde, entre otras actividades, realiza sus cópulas. Diploglossus millepunctatus, el lagarto de mayor tamaño corporal y menor abundancia, es un depredador-oportunista y...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4417

Preliminary Assessment of the Ecological Status of Godineau Swamp: Establishing a Socio-Economic Baseline
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Clarke-Marshall, M.; Ghouralal, N.
Human activities adjacent to and within a wetland, influence its ecological status. An understanding of the social and economic conditions in the communities within and adjacent to the Godineau Swamp is fundamental to its sustainable use. The effective functioning of wetland resources is centered on the sustainable management of human activities and traditional uses. The Godineau Swamp is the second largest wetland system found on the Gulf of Paria of Trinidad. Traditionally the wetland has supported a fish and shellfish industry and provided land for agriculture livestock farming and housing. Oil exploration has taken place in the Godineau Swamp for the last fifty years and the Swamp continues to provide several opportunities for ecotourism.
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Swamps; Baseline studies; Socioeconomic aspects; Ecology; Swamps; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7544.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2915

Benthic communities and geomorphology of the Tesoro Island Coral Reef, Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Sánchez-M., Juan M.
The benthic communities distribution in Tesoro Island (Colombian Caribbean) coral reef was determinad by cartography of reef morphology and functional groups from aerial photographs, theodolite triangulation, and bottom transects over depths ranging from O to 30 m. Tesoro Island is a sand cay reef developed over an emerged reef platform whose basal cone possibly originated by mud diapirism on the continental shelf. The benthic communities are distributed as subzones of the geomorphologic units. The reef crest lies along the breaker zone, formed by Millepora spp. buttresses covered on their tops by Palythoa spp. and seawardly by a turf of Dictyota spp. The rear reef (varying from 0.5-1.5 m ¡n depth) is composed of pavement and grooves with live Porites...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Benthos; Outer continental shelf; Coral; Algae; Surf; Cartography; Condition factor; Aerial photography; Geomorphology; Coral reefs; Ecology; Benthos; Aerial photography; Coral reefs; Algae; Cartography; Geomorphology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_878; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_8634; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1880; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_258; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1344; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3233.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3803

Vertical migration of zooplankton groups in an Eutrophic bay, Dekhaila harbor, Alexandria, Egypt
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Abdel-Aziz, N.E.
Diel vertical migration of different zooplankton groups in Dekhaila Harbor was studied monthly from May 2003 to April 2004. Generally, more groups were found in the surface layer (0-10 m.) than the deeper one (10-20 m.). Some zooplankton groups undergo significant vertical migration at certain time of the year, others showed no clear differences in distribution patterns and exhibited no directed movement patterns. Some species stayed a part of the day within certain layer of the water column, others were randomly dispersed in the whole water column during different hours. Responses appear to depend also on the life stages of each zooplankton group, as well as other ecological conditions such as temperature, light and amount of food. Population budget...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Hydrobiology Studies; Zooplankton; Vertical migrations; Ecology; Zooplankton; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15490.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1455

Evolution de l’activité de pêche en 2009 au PNBA : effets environnementaux, rôles écologiques et socio-économiques
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Barham, Cheikh Baye; Yerba, Lemhaba; Sakho, Cheikh Ibrahima; Ahmed Deida, Hadrami.
Tipo: Proceedings Paper
Palavras-chave: Fishing methods; Stock assessment; Environmental effects; Ecology; Socioeconomic aspects.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4665

Aire marine protégée, gestion halieutique, diversification et développement local: le cas de la reserve de biosphère du Delta du Saloum (Sénégal)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Sarr, O.
Cette thèse étudie le problème de la gestion des pêches au sein d’une AMP, en tenant compte du système économique global ainsi que des transformations structurelles qui affectent celui ci, et en diversifiant les critères de gestion. Le cas d’étude est la RBDS (Sénégal). Une enquête de terrain montre que la population de cette localité diversifie ses activités essentiellement entre l’agriculture, la pêche et le tourisme. Une analyse économétrique indique que la démographie, la sécheresse et la baisse du prix de l’arachide sur le marché mondial sont les principales causes de la crise agricole dans la région. Cette crise favorise la diversification vers la pêche. Un modèle théorique étudiant ce processus montre qu’il conduit la pêche à l’équilibre de libre...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Marine environment; Fishery management; Ecology; Tourism; Socioeconomic aspects; Fishery resources; Marine environment; Fishery management; Ecology; Tourism; Fishery resources; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4610; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24026; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7822; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2942.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2617

Ecología de la Taxocenosis de Peracaridos Macrobentónicos en Playas arenosas protegidas: Análisis Multiescala de los patrones Ecológicos y Consideraciones para su manejo Sustentable.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Torres, G.M.
Las playas arenosas son ambientes rigurosos donde los patrones comunitarios de macrofauna han sido relacionados con el tamaño de grano de arena, pendiente de la playa y procesos de ola/swash. Las relaciones entre la abundancia/diversidad de la macrofauna y morfodinámica de las playas micromareales de alta energía abiertas al mar dan pie a pensar un incremento de la abundancia/densidad desde playas con arena gruesa y fuerte pendiente hasta playas planas con arena fina y pendiente suave. Sin embargo, estas predicciones no han sido adecuadamente evaluadas cuando se trata de playas de baja energía protegidas, a pesar de que este tipo de playas es frecuente en la costa. En este trabajo se evalúan las características y variaciones de la taxocenosis de...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Conservation; Marine crustaceans; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3646

Aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de Mytilopsis sallei (Recluz, 1849) (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) en bancos de ostra de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Puyana, Mónica.
Mytilopsis sallei es una especie que se encuentra ampliamente distribuida sobre sustratos duros en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, siendo particularmente abundante sobre bancos de ostra de mangle (Crassostrea rhizophorae), donde alcanza densidades de hasta 5000 indiv/m2. Aunque posee una amplia tolerancia a variaciones en la salinidad y temperatura, prefiere aquellos lugares donde la afluencia de aguas dulces es constante. Puede además tolerar aguas turbias con un alto contenido de sedimentos, como en la desembocadura de los ríos. M. sallei no parece aparentemente, competir con la ostra, incluso en aquellos bancos sometidos a intensa explotación. Esto se debe a las preferencias ambientales de cada especie y a la alta productividad de las aguas de la...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Population structure; Salinity effects; Temperature effects; Density; Condition factor; Turbidity; Interspecific relationships; Population dynamics; Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Ecology; Population structure; Turbidity; Estuaries; Density; Population dynamics; Coastal lagoons; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6115; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15043; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2186; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3802

Análisis de residuos de organoclorados en los sedimentos de zonas de manglar en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y la Bahía de Chengue, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Espinosa, Luisa F.; Ramírez, Gustavo; Campos, Néstor H.
En los sedimentos superficiales aledaños al manglar, de cuatro estaciones dentro de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y una estación en la Bahía de Chengue, se analizaron las concentraciones de seis residuos de plaguicidas organoclorados (lindano, heptacloro, aldrin, pp'DDE, pp'DDD y pp'DDT), mediante la técnica de cromatografía gas-líquido. Se realizaron muestreos trimestrales entre marzo y diciembre de 1993, tratando de abarcar las principales épocas climáticas de la región (seca, lluviosa menor, seca menor y lluviosa mayor). Mediante análisis de varianza multifactorial se encontraron diferencias significativas solamente en las concentraciones de lindano, heptacloro y pp'DDE, entre las diferentes épocas climática; los otros tres compuestos (aldrin, pp'DDD...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Chemical analysis; Salinity effects; Gas chromatography; Organic matter; Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Mangroves; Ecology; Organic matter; Estuaries; Gas chromatography; Coastal lagoons; Mangroves; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5387; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_11097; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_16190.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3804

Moluscos bivalvos y gasteropodos
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Lasta, M.L.; Ciocco, N.F.; Bremec, C.; Roux, A.
The main life history characteristics, ecology and fishing interest of bivalve and gastropod species from the Argentine Sea are described. Exploited bivalve species are: mussel Mytilus edulis platensis, cholga Aulacomya ater, tehuelche scallop Aequipecten tehuelchus, Patagonian scallop Zygochlamys patagonica. Bivalve species irregularly exploited are: yellow clam Mesodesma mactroides, purple clam Amiantis purpurata, hard shell clam Ameghinomya antiqua and wedge shell Donax hanleyanus. It is also presented information on species of potential interest: clams Eurhomalea exhalbida and Pitar rostratus, half naked pen shell Atrina seminuda, 'geoduck' Panopea abbreviata, razor shells Solen tehuelchus, Ensis macha, Tagelus plebeius, and flat oyster Ostrea...
Tipo: Book Section
Palavras-chave: Marine molluscs; Potential resources; Life history; Ecology; Geographical distribution; Literature reviews; Life history; Ecology; Geographical distribution; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_12170; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2582

Ecotourism clashes with industrialisation
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Enslin, S.
The Amadiba Coastal Community at Xolobeni in the Eastern Cape are caught in a tug-of-war between an Australian company, Mineral Commodities, which is planning to mine in the area, and environmentalists who are opposed to both the coastal dune mining and the N2 toll road, which will cut through the area.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Tourism; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7822.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/664

Corales, formaciones arrecifales y blanqueamiento de 1987 en Bahía Portete (Guajira, Colombia)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Solano-P., Oscar D.
Para el reconocimiento y caracterización de las formaciones arrecifales de Bahía Pórtete se visitaron un total de 22 estaciones entre junio de 1987 y enero de I988. Se registraron por primera vez Acropora cervicomis, Agaricia agaricites, Montastrea cavernosa, Diploría clivosa e Isophyllia sinuosa, elevando a 18 el número de especies de escleractinios de la bahía. El componente principal por su abundancia y diversidad de formas fue el hidrocoral Millepora alcicomis. Las formaciones arrecifales del área se concentran sobre los costados oeste y suroeste, sin llegar a constituirse en verdaderos arrecifes. Estructuralmente se discriminan dos tipos de formaciones: tipo 1 parches arrecifales y tipo 2 praderas de fanerógamas con colonias dispersas de M. alcicomis....
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Bleaching; Ecology; Geographical distribution; Habitat; Population structure; Population dynamics; Turbidity; Density; Species diversity; Ecology; Geographical distribution; Population structure; Turbidity; Bleaching; Population dynamics; Density; Species diversity; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6115; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15043; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_953; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6111; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2186; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33954.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3782

Distribution and community structure of butterflyfishes (Pisces: Chaetodontidae) in southern Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Pereira, M.A.M.; Videira, E.J.S.
Even though Mozambique has the greatest reported diversity of butterflyfishes (24 species) of the continental states of the Western Indian Ocean region, aspects of the ecology and distribution of this group in Mozambique are poorly documented. The distribution, diversity and community structure of butterflyfishes were studied on nine reefs in southern Mozambique using the point count method. Nineteen species from four genera were identified. Three with generalist feeding habits (i.e. Chaetodon auriga, C. guttatissimus and C. interruptus) were the most abundant with a wide distribution range. The butterflyfish communities of intertidal reefs at Inhaca Island differed from those of the offshore, subtidal reefs, as shown by uni- and multivariate analysis of...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: MOZAMBIQUE; CHAETODON AURIGA; CHAETODON GUTTATISSIMUS; CHAETODONTIDAE; Community diversity; Distribution; Fish; Ecology; Distribution; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35773.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1132

Regeneración de colonias y transplante de fragmentos de Acropora palmata (Cnidaria: Scleractinia) en el Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: García-U., R. P.; Alvarado-Ch., E. M.; Acosta, A.
El presente trabajo fue realizado con el fin de estudiar la posibilidad de recuperación de la especie de coral Acropora pálmate en el Parque Nacional Natural Corales del Rosario. Se determinó el porcentaje de regeneración de 42 colonias fragmentadas mecánicamente y la sobrevivencia de 53 fragmentos de esta especie. El tiempo de regeneración del tejido coralino para 25 colonias fragmentadas entre septiembre y diciembre de 1992 (período 1), fue de 3 meses; para las 17 colonias fragmentadas entre marzo y mayo de 1993 fue de 2 meses. Los fragmentos obtenidos de las colonias donantes fueron sometidos a 4 tratamientos. El tratamiento 1 consistió en el amarre con pita del fragmento a coral muerto y el traslado hacia Isla Kalua. Para el tratamiento 2, se colocaron...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Condition factor; Survival; Regeneration; Statistical analysis; Ecology; Statistical analysis; Survival; Regeneration; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7378; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7538; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6486.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3773

eventualité d’un transfert du phytoplancton toxique des milieux portuaires du golfe de gabè vers les zones de production de coquillage
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Hamza, A.; Dammak-Zouari, H.; Bouain, A.
Il est connu que les ports soumis à un trafic maritime intense réceptionnent éventuellement les eaux de ballast des navires en provenance de diverses contrées océaniques. De part le monde, le transfert et l’invasion de plusieurs espèces nuisibles  via  le déversement des eaux de ballast et le fouling des coques des navires ont été amplement mis en cause ces derniers temps. Ces introductions peuvent causer de nombreux dégâts aux secteurs avoisinants et notamment dans les zones de production des coquillages surtout si les espèces introduites sont constituées de phytoplancton toxique. Au terme de  4 années de suivi de la qualité phytoplanctonique des milieux portuaires du golfe de Gabès, nous avons pu  inventorier certaines espèces toxiques pour la plupart...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ballast; Ecology; Ecosystems; Eutrophication; Phytoplankton; Pollution monitoring; Toxicity.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4271

Etude diagnostic de la pêcherie de mulets sur la grande côte du Sénégal
Provedor de dados: 20
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Mullet fisheries; Reproduction; Growth; Migrations; Ecology; Stocks; Landing statistics; Inland fisheries; Fishing gear; Exploitation; Canoe fisheries; Marketing; Artisanal fishing; Fishing licenses; Mesh regulations; Protected areas; Reef fisheries; Fishing effort.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4578

Etude de la résistance aux antibiotiques des bactéries isolées de "mytilus galloprovincialis.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: El Bour, M.; Bouamama, K.; El Abed, O.
L’étude des résistances vis-à-vis de différentes substances antibiotiques pour des espèces bactériennes (aérobies et anaérobies) isolées chez Mytilus galloprovincialis a été réalisée par la méthode standard de l’antibiogramme. Ainsi, 50 souches bactériennes aérobies et 20 souches anaérobies appartenant à plus de 25 espèces différentes ont été isolées et testées. Les résultats obtenus montrent des profils à plusieurs résistances vis-à-vis des différentes familles  d’antibiotiques testés. Les résultats obtenus révèlent des profils à 12 résistances différentes notamment chez l’espèce anaérobie (Propioni acnes). Aussi, chez l’espèce aérobie pré dominante ( Aeromonas hydrophila) nous avons mis en évidence au moins 6 antibiotypes différents. Ces résultats...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Bacterial diseases; Control resistance; Ecology; Eutrophication; Indicator species; Microbiological analysis; Bacteria; Mytilus galloprovincialis; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_765; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_31155.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4266

Nuevos registros de rodofitas marinas para Cuba
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Moreira, A.; Fujii, M. T.; Suárez, A. M.
A partir de muestras colectadas en el  litoral de la provincia de Cienfuegos se registraron cinco nuevos hallazgos de  macroalgas marinas (rodofitas) para Cuba: Dasya ocellata (Gratel.) Harv. in Hook., Griffithsia schousboei Mont. in Webb var.  anastomosans E.C. Oliveira, Gelidium torulosum Kützing, Halymenia pseudofloresii Collins &amp; M. Howe y Champia vieillardii  Kützing. Griffithsia schousboei var. anastomosans y Gelidium torulosum, que a su vez son nuevos registros para la región del  Caribe, son dos taxa conocidos solo para Brasil. En el presente trabajo se ofrecen además comentarios sobre la taxonomía,  ecología y biogeografía de las mencionadas especies. Destaca asimismo, la amplia variabilidad en tamaño y diámetro de las  ramas de Halymenia...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Marine organisms; Taxonomy; Ecology; Biogeography.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5257

Notes on the ecology of the colombian leaftoed gecko (phyllodactylus transversalis), endemic to malpelo island
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: López-Victoria, Mateo; Jurczyk, Matthias; Wolters, Volkmar.
The Colombian leaf-toed gecko (Phyllodactylus transversalis) is the least known reptile species of Malpelo Island (Eastern Tropical Pacific). In the 37 years since its original description, no single study strictly dedicated to this species has been conducted. With the goal of providing information on the ecology and population size of this gecko, data collected during two visits to the island are presented. Behavior and reproduction were studied by following individuals during the night and by searching for hidden individuals and eggs during the day. Population’s density and habitat preferences were estimated by classifying the island’s surfaces into four types and counting geckos inside those habitats within band transects. General morphological...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5457

Peces de las Islas del Rosario y de San Bernardo (Colombia) II. Tres nuevos registros para el Caribe Sur y 16 mas para la Costa Norte continental colombiana
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Acero-P., A.; Garzón-Ferreira, J.
Se describen 19 especies de peces colectadas en los archipiélagos coralinos de las islas del Rosario y de San Bernardo, las cuales son nuevos registros para el Caribe continental colombiano. Tres de esas especies (Ichthyapus ophioneus, Calamopteryx goslinei y Apogon leptocaulus) no habían sido colectadas antes en el Caribe sur, por lo que estos récords son nuevos para este sector del Mar de las Antillas. Se incluye información sobre aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de las especies.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Fish; New records; Biology; Ecology; Fish; Ecology; Biology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_15903; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_925.
Ano: 1986
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4044

Notes on the biology of Oncideres bouchardii Bates (Coleoptera: Ceerambycidae), a trupillo Twig Girdler from Santa Marta, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Köster, F.
Se describen algunos aspectos de la biología de Oncideres bouchardii BATES as Santa MarTa, Colombia. Los adultos do esta especie de escarabajos podadorcs de ramas, aparecen después de la época de invierno, durante los meses de noviembre a febrero, podando ramas y ramitas de Trupillo, Prosopis jutiflora (L.) y Aromo, Acac/3 fumes/ana WILLD. Según las observaciones, la actividad de podar solamente la presentan las hembras, las cuales frecuentemente se encuíntran copulando con tos machos al mismo tiempo. Después de cortar con sus mandíbulas una estría (ranura profunda alrededor de la rama), la hembra prepara una cámara debajo de la corteza en la cual deposita un huevo. Para ello, perfora la corteza cerca de la base de una ramificación de la rama "anillada"...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3930

Caracterización ecológica y pesquera del área de reserva artesanal entre la I y II Regiones
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: González, J.; Catrilao, M.; Barahona, N.; Martínez, C.; Tapia, C.; Wilson, A.; Garrido, J.; Baros, V.; Young, Z.; Cortes, C.; Guevara, C.; Gaspar, C.; Saavedra, J.
El sector pesquero de la I y II Regiones, comprende un importante segmento de la economía nacional, contribuyendo fuertemente con el empleo en las zonas costeras y al abastecimiento de materia prima. En esta macrozona la pesca está representada por dos sectores: industrial y artesanal y a su vez está constituída por tres segmentos principales de recursos: pesquerías bentónicas, pesquerías de peces y recolección de algas. Dada la importancia de la actividad extractiva artesanal e industrial en la franja de las 5 millas de la I y II Regiones, en el presente informe se describe y analiza la actividad extractiva de las principales pesquerías. Además se entrega una completa revisión de los principales antecedentes eco-pesqueros del litoral de las regiones  I y...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Artisanal fishing; Coastal zone; Ecology; Fishery resources; Ecology; Fishery resources; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2942.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1811

Ecotourism and the Management of Cultural Resources of Marsa Alam-Wadi Gimal Region
Provedor de dados: 20
Ecotourism promises to be of one of the the main tourist growth areas in Egypt following the current interest in new tourist activities and the development of infrastructures, such as airports, hotels, and roads to facilitate and encourage tourist visits to Egyptian deserts, hills, and coastal regions.
Tipo: Other
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Tourism; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7822.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/424

Nuevos registros de peces arrecifales para el Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Garzón-Ferreira, J.; Acero-P., A.
Se describen 20 especies de peces colectados en áreas arrecifales de la costa none de Colombia, de las cuales 19 constituyen primeros registros para este sector del Caribe. Se incluye información sobre aspectos biológicos y ecológicos de las especies.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Marine fish; New records; Ichthyology; Ecology; Ecology; Ichthyology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3788.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3973

Ecologie et biologie de l'émissole lisse Mustelus mustelus (Linné, 1758) sur les côtes de Mauritanie
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Khallahi, B.
RESUME:  Les eaux océaniques mauritaniennes sont au carrefour d'eaux froides et salées provenant du Nord, et d'autres chaudes et moins salées du Sud. L'interaction de ces eaux est à l'origine d'un régime hydrologique à 4 saisons: une saison froide de janvier à mai, une saison de transition froide-chaude de juin à juillet, une saison chaude d'août à octobre et enfin une saison de transition chaude – froide de novembre à décembre. La présente étude met en relation ces variations hydrologiques saisonnières, la distribution et la biologie de Mustelus mustelus. La distribution spatiale et temporelle de M. mustelus sur le plateau continental mauritanien a été suivie en analysant les données récoltées au cours de 20 campagnes de prospections scientifiques, 13...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Mauritania; Croissance; Biologie; Biology; Physical environment; Mauritanie; Ecology; Fecondity; Growth; Emissole lisse; Alimentation; Smouthound shark; Mustelus mustelus; Fécondité; Reproduction; Milieu physique; Écologie; Distribution; Shark fisheries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/677

Succesional patterns on fouling plates in the Bay of Santa Marta, Colombian Caribbean
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: García, C.B.; Salzwedel, H.
Successional progress was followed ¡n fouling communities, developing under tropical conditions. Primary succession was simulated by immersing asbestos plates. The plates represent small, discrete, isolated parts of habitat. According with expectations, a trend of increasing space dominancy by colonial forms was detected as succession progressed. High within-habitat diversity but global persistency was confirmed f or this tropical system. Several mechanisms of succession were found to operate simultaneously. In this Caribbean fouling system the strong self-replacement tendencies of solitary forms and the low recruitment and growth rates of the potential space dominants (colonial forms) were mostly responsible for the successional patterns observed.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ecological succession; Species diversity; Recruitment; Growth; Dominant species; Growth; Dominant species; Ecology; Ecological succession; Species diversity; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3394; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2362; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2464; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_33954.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3812

Ecología del cangrejo violinista Uca uruguayensis: distribución, comportamiento reproductivo y su interacción con aves migratorias.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Ribeiro, P.D.
Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (Argentina)
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Density; Distribution; Reproductive behaviour; Interspecific relationships; Abundance; Trophic relationships; Predation; Environmental conditions; Distribution; Reproductive behaviour; Ecology; Predation; Density; Environmental conditions; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35773; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37902; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6162; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2186; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_32980.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/2960

The impact generated on Sea Turtles by Fisheries in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Domingo, A.; Bugoni, L.; Prosdocimi, L.; Miller, P.; Laporta, M.; Monteiro, D.; Estrades, A.; Albareda, D.
This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Ecology; Fishing gear; Fisheries; Ecology; Fishing gear; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2934; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2946.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3207

The condition factor of Mugil incilis Hancock (Pisces: Mugilidae) and its seasonal changes in the Cienaga Grande de Santa Marta (Colombia)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Blanco-Racedo, J.A.
Se ha estudiado la variación anual de la condición de la lisa Mugil incilis Hancock en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM), la mayor laguna costera del Caribe Colombiano, haciendo énfasis en la influencia ejercida por factores ambientales como la salinidad, la temperatura y la transparencia de las aguas sobre la condición de esta especie de Mugilidae. Las diferencias estacionales observadas en la condición de M. incilis están evidentemente relacionadas con su desarrollo gonadal y dependen de la disponibilidad de alimento. La dieta de M. incilis se basa en detritos y su suministro de alimento parece ser muy afectado por el aporte fluvial a la CGSM, el cual es también responsable de los cambios en la salinidad de la laguna, esto explica la relación...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Fishery biology; Ecology; Fisheries; Estuaries; Ecology; Coastal lagoons; Fishery biology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2934; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2937.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3976

Florecimiento de microalgas relacionado con mortandad masiva de peces en el complejo lagunar Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Mancera-P., José E.; Vidal-V., Luis A.
Entre los meses de julio y agosto de 1994 un fenómeno discontinuo de muerte masiva de peces se registró en aguas del complejo lagunar de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Colombia. El primer evento se presentó del 15 al 19 de julio, el segundo alrededor del día 20 de agosto y el tercero entre el 26 y 31 del mismo mes. La presencia en altas concentraciones de la cianofita filamentosa Cf. Anabaenopsis sp., registrada en la literatura como altamente tóxica, podría estar relacionada con las causas del primer evento. Un incremento en las concentraciones de fósforo, y un posterior florecimiento de nano y picoplancton, especialmente cianofíceas y algas flageladas, explicaría en parte las condiciones hipóxicas y anóxicas observadas en el tercer evento, las cuales...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Phytoplankton; Chemical analysis; Environmental impact; Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Ecology; Phytoplankton; Environmental impact; Estuaries; Coastal lagoons; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13344; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3787

Marquage des langoustes en Mauritanie
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Maigret, J.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Biology; Ecology; Aquatic biology; Lobsters.
Ano: 1977
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4751

Estudios preliminares sobre las interrelaciones tróficas de 20 especies de peces del área costera bonaerense
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Pozzobon, M.V.
Realizada en el INIDEP (Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Desarrrollo Pesquero- Mar del Plata, Argentina).
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Trophic relationships; Food webs; Diets; Stomach content; Ecology; Food webs; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10973.
Ano: 1987
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3555

Sistemática, biología y ecología del Titi Sicydium antillarum Grant (Pisces: Gobiidae) en la región de Santa Marta, Colombia
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Silva-Melo, L.; Acero-P., A.
Sícydium antillarum Grant es un gobiido abundante en las corrientes que bajan de la SierraNevada de Santa Marta (Colombia) al mar. Se estudió la población de la Quebrada Valencia y las postlarvas en las bocas de los ríos Manzanares y Gaira, entre febrero de 1987 y enero de 1988.  Se presentan datos morfológicos, merísticos y morfométricos de la especie; la población desovó de mayo a diciembre, con picos máximos en junio y octubre. La proporción hembras: machos fue casi 1:1 de enero a marzo; de abril a diciembre los machos se apoderan de un territorio y se dificulta su captura, principalmente en septiembre y octubre (proporción 9:1). La fecundidad máxima fue de 91067 huevos en una hembra de 109 mm; el 25% de los ejemplares alcanzó la madurez entre 60.0 y...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ichthyology; Geographical distribution; Reproductive behaviour; Feeding behaviour; Biology; Morphometry; Stomach content; Ecology; Geographical distribution; Reproductive behaviour; Feeding behaviour; Ichthyology; Biology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5083; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_37902; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_10778; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_3788; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_925.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3889

Bioecologie des hippocampes dans le Lagon du Grand Recif de Toliara essai d'elevage experimental des hippocampes,des syngnathes et des amphiprions de l'ocean Indien et/ou de la Mediterannee.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Landy Soambola, Amelie.
Des observations et echantillonnages des hippocampes sont effectues dans le lagon du Grand Recif de Toliara, de l fannee 2006 a 2008, sur les trois especes d fhippocampes inventoriees : Hippocampus borboniensis, H. fuscus et H. histrix. Cette derniere espece est quasi absente dans la capture. H. borboniensis et H. fuscus sont recrutes respectivement a une longueur totale moyenne de 2,4 cm et de 3 cm correspondant a l fage de 3 et de 2 mois. La premiere maturite survient a une longueur totale moyenne de 6,1 cm a l fage de 8 mois pour H. borboniensis et de 5,58 cm a l fage de 8 mois et demi pour H. fuscus. Les deux parametres de croissance obtenus sont de 15,7 cm pour L ‡ (longueur maximale theorique) et 0,6 par an pour K (coefficient du taux de croissance...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Fishery biology; Ecology; Breeding; Hippocampus (genus); Breeding methods; Syngnathus variegatus.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4970

Etude systématique et écologique de la faune associée aux moules (&lt;Mytilus galloprovincialis&gt;)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Fezzani, S.; Zghal, F.; Ben Amor, Z.; El Abed, A.
Ce travail s’intéresse non seulement à la connaissance de la faune associée aux moules notamment : Mytilus galloprovincialis, mais aussi à une étude systématique et écologique de la faune récoltée. Cette étude a été réalisée dans le lac de Bizerte, à la station de mytiliculture de Menzel  Jemil. Une partie de ce travail est consacrée à un examen systématique de la faune récoltée et qui nous a permis d’inventorier 6 embranchements dont les annélides qui sont représentés par 10 espèces de Polychètes. Nous présentons également les résultats de l’étude écologique du peuplement suivant les trois saisons: hiver, printemps, et été. Parmi les 26 taxons recensés, les Crustacés représentent environ 62%; les Polychètes avec 35% dominent très largement les autres...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Aquatic communities; Ecology; Aquatic communities; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_553; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3689

Desarrollo de cartas temáticas con aplicaciones ecológicas a partir de la información recolectada y almacenada en la base de datos.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Vásquez Gianella, R.
Destaca el desarrollo de mapas temáticos tanto en su elaboración como en su utilización tratando de proteger los recursos naturales y el medio ambiente.
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Charts (maps); Ecology.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5788

Alteraciones físico-químicas de la columna de agua, generadas por el uso del Boliche (Método de Pesca Artesanal) en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Rueda, Mario E.; Mancera-Pineda, José E.
Con el propósito de evaluar los impactos generados por el uso de un método de pesca artesanal denominado "boliche" en la laguna costera tropical Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, se cuantificaron diferentes aspectos; uno de los cuales fue orientado a analizar algunas alteraciones físico-químicas de la columna de agua, producidas durante la maniobra de pesca. Se determinó la concentración de oxígeno disuelto, la transparencia del agua y la concentración y composición del seston, antes y después de 70 lances de boliche. Los resultados indican que la maniobra de pesca genera algunos cambios momentáneos de poca repercusión en el ecosistema, tales como resuspensión de partículas principalmente inorgánicas, aumento de la concentración de seston y en consecuencia...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Chemical analysis; Environmental impact; Ecology; Estuarine fisheries; Dissolved oxygen; Seston; Fishing gear; Ecology; Estuaries; Environmental impact; Estuarine fisheries; Dissolved oxygen; Coastal lagoons; Seston; Fishing gear; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24420; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2674; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_36106; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6998; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2946.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3774

Perturbations observées chez la palourde "Ruditapes decussatus" et la datte de mer "Lithophaga lithophaga" collect"es au nord de la Tunisie
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Jaafar Kefi, F.; Trigui El Menif, N.; Le Pennec, M.
La présente étude a porté sur une anomalie morphologique observée chez la palourde européenne Ruditapes decussatus collectée dans le lac nord de Tunis et des perturbations coquillières relevées chez la datte de mer Lithophaga lithophaga prélevée dans la baie de Bizerte. L’examen de la partie molle et de la coquille de ces deux espèces de bivalves a révélé une malformation chez la palourde européenne  qui consiste en la différenciation de deux siphons inhalant et exhalant surnuméraires prenant naissance des deux siphons habituels, complètement séparés, inhalant et exhalant. Les siphons en forme de Y  possèdent ainsi  4 ouvertures fonctionnelles au lieu de 2.  Chez la datte de mer Lithophaga lithophaga, nous avons relevé la présence de perturbations...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Abnormalities; Animal morphology; Ecology; Shellfish; Shells; Lithophaga lithophaga; Ruditapes decussatus; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_48059; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_48150.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4263

Ecología química de las esponjas excavadoras Cliona aprica, C. caribbaea, C. delitrix y C. tenuis
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Chaves-Fonnegra, A.; López-Victoria, M.; Parra-Velandia, F.; Zea, S.
The Caribbean encrusting and excavating sponges Cliona aprica, C. caribbaea, C. delitrix and C. tenuis (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae), aggresively undermine and displace live coral tissue. At San Andrés island and Islas del Rosario (Colombian Caribbean), in all 145 observed cases of direct contact of the sponges C. aprica, C. caribbaea and C. tenuis with 17 coral species, corals showed unhealthy signs in their tissue. It was also noticed that the surface of these sponges is colonized by few organisms and that they are rarely preyed upon. To establish the possible use of chemical substances by these sponges in competition for space with corals (allelopathy), as inhibitors of larval settlement (antifouling), and as feeding deterrents against generalist...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Sponges; Coral; Ecology; Competitive behaviour; Associated species; Antifouling substances; Ecology; Sponges; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7321.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1990

Ecology and taxonomy of free-living marine nematodes from Cienfuegos bay, Caribbean sea
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Armenteros Almanza, M.
Present thesis focuses on ecology of assemblages and taxonomy of free-living  marine nematodes. Most of the data are from Cienfuegos, a semi-enclosed bay in  the Caribbean Sea; but, we also provided data on biodiversity from other areas in  Cuban marine waters. Four main topics are included: description of biodiversity  patterns, a microcosm experiment about effects of organic enrichment on  assemblages, a taxonomic revision of the genus Terschellingia de Man, 1888, and  the description of four new genera for science.
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Taxonomy; Marine water; Biodiversity; Sea state.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5386

Un système d'indicateurs de durabilité des pêcheries côtières comme outil de gestion intégrée des ressources halieutiques sénégalaises
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Thiao, Djiga.
Cette thèse est axée sur une analyse de la durabilité des pêcheries côtières qui aboutit  sur la proposition d’un système d’indicateurs comme  outil de gestion intégrée des ressources halieutiques sénégalaises.  L’objectif est d’encourager  une meilleure gouvernance de ces  systèmes halieutiques et côtiers dont l’exploitation est caractérisée par la complexité, la multiplicité et l’interactivité de plusieurs facteurs écologiques, économiques et sociaux. La stratégie adoptée est fondée sur l’approche systémique à travers  une vision multidimensionnelle et multi-acteurs  s’appuyant  sur le modèle PER (pression-état-réponse).  Le diagnostic  reflète  une détérioration générale de l’état  des écosystèmes côtiers  nécessitant  des mesures d’ajustement de la...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Sustainable fishing; Inshore waters; Coastal zone management; Fisheries resources; Ecosystem management; Hydrology; Phytoplankton; Flora; Coastal environment; Sustainable development; Zooplankton; Ecology; Temperature; Salinity; Tourism; Rivers; Upwelling.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5002

Ecological studies of parasites of commercially important fish species along the Kenyan Coast
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Aloo, P.A.
This study has been carried out over a period of four months (August, November 2001 and January, March 2002). The study aimed at establishing the magnitude of parasitization in different fish species as well as quantifying the relationship between the parasites and their fish hosts. Fish samples were collected from five main landing beaches: Vanga, Shimoni, Gazi, Mombasa and Kilifi. Fish samples examined for Parasites included: Siganus sutor, Plectorhynchus flavomaculatus, P. Sordidus, Lethrinus nebulosus, Sardinella gibosa, Scarus horrid, Sellar crumenophthalmus, Rastrelliger kanarguta, Parupeneus indicus, Mugil cephalus, Scombromorus commerson, Epinephelus macrospilas, Thunnus sp, Leptoscarus viagensis, L. sordidus and Hemiramphus far. Fish samples were...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Commercial species; Ecology; Parasites; Ecology; Parasites; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/1309

Caracterización ecológica de la salina artificial Pozos colorados, Caribe colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Mancera-P., J.E.
Un estudio ecológico de la salina marina Pozos Colorados se llevó a cabo entre enero y agosto de 1987. Si bien las dos estaciones de muestreo presentaron amplias diferencias entre si; en general la dinámica del ecosistema dependió aparentemente de la salinidad, la cual varió entre 75 y 341 °/oo; su incremento y la disminución del nivel de agua, al parecer generaron aumento de la temperatura y disminución del oxígeno disuelto, con rangos de 26,3 y 41 °C para la primera y O y 5,4 mg/l para el segundo. Aunque en promedio el pH fue neutro (7,5), este sistema reductor, caracterizado además por abundante materia orgánica, generó en ocasiones una ligera acidez (6,7). La producción primaria neta fue negativa en la mayoría de los casos, como resultado de una...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Salinity effects; Ecosystems; Temperature effects; Primary production; Population structure; Ecology; Ecosystems; Primary production; Population structure; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2482; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_34329; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_6115; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 1990
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3887

Nos écosystèmes marine et la gestion de leur ressources dans une optique écologique
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Ba, M.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecosystems; Ecology.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4990

Mise à jour de la nomenclature  des démosponges de Tunisie
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Ben Mustapha, K.; Chaouch, M.; Dhahbi, L.
التطورات السريعة للتأريخ العرقي للإسفنج ، كذاك الأعمال الحديثة التي أحدثت في البلاد التونسية في علم التصنيف و علم البيئة لهذه المجموعة قد شجعتنا لإعادة النظر في التسميات. هذا التجديد مكننا أيضا اعتبار الإضافات و التسجيلات الأخيرة.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Porifera; Ecology; Phylogeny; Sponges; Taxonomy; Terminology; Taxonomy; Terminology; Ecology; Phylogeny; Sponges; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7631; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_24907; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_13325; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7321.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/4283

Biología, ecología y explotación de la raya platana Atlantoraja platana (Günther, 1880), (Chondrichthyes, Rajidae), del golfo San Matías
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Coller, N.M.
La “raya platana” (Atlantoraja platana), es una especie endémica del Atlántico Sudoccidental, habita desde los 22º S (Uruguay y sur de Brasil) hasta los 42º S, región del Golfo San Matías (Argentina). El área de estudio del presente trabajo fue el Golfo San Matías (41º- 42º S y 64º- 65º O). El material analizado (778 hembras y 709 machos) fue colectado durante muestreos mensuales de las capturas desembarcadas por los barcos pesqueros de la flota local (muestreos de desembarque); muestras extraídas a bordo de las embarcaciones pesqueras por el programa de observadores a bordo, durante los años 2004 y 2005 y los meses de marzo, abril y mayo de 2006; y durante la realización de campañas de investigación pesquera (primavera de 2004, 2005 y 2006). Se describió...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Fishery biology; Ecology; Feeding behaviour; Age (biological); Growth; Coastal environment; Morphology (animal); Reproduction (biology); Spatial distribution; Population dynamics; Abundance.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5235

Consideraciones zoogeograficas sobre los tiburones del Pacífico colombiano
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Díaz-M., J.M.
Se determina e interpreta el origen zoogeográfico y se reconocen los patrones de distribución en el Pacifico oriental de las 22 especies de tiburones (Pleurotremata) registradas hasta la fecha en el Pacífico colombiano, incluidas Tnaenodon obesus, Ginglymostoma cirratum y Rbiniodon typus, las cuales se registran por primera vez. Se discuten los patrones de distribución, como respuesta a factores historico-ecológicos; finalmente se hace una caracterización biogeográfica de la Isla Gorgona con base en las especies de tiburones presentes en sus aguas.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Shark fisheries; Ecology; Distribution; Ecology; Distribution; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35773.
Ano: 1983
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3971

Holothurioidea (Echinodermata) de Aguas someras en la Costa Norte de Colombia
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Caycedo, I.E.
Systematic and ecological remarks are presen ted on 14 species of shallow water holothurians of the northern coast of Colombia. The material was coilected from Islas del Rosario off the coast southwes: of Cartagena (10° 08' 39'' Lat. N" 75° 43' 21" Long. W) and from Tayrona National Park to the north east of Santa Marta (11° 20' Lat. N and 74° 05' Long. W). Ten species are new records to Colombia, one of them appeared to be undescribed as yet (Holothuria thomasi sp. nov. Pawson &amp; Caycedo, in preparation). A key to these species is given. The occurrence of some species in abundance in differen: habitats is discussed in order to elucidate ecological interrelationships and facilitate field identificacion.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 1978
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3929

El impacto generado por las pesquerías en las tortugas marinas en el Océano Atlántico Sud Occidental
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Domingo, A.; Bugoni, L.; Prosdocimi, L.; Miller, P.; Laporta, M.; Monteiro, D.; Estrades, A.; Albareda, D.
Este documento, dirigido al sector pesquero, investigadores, conservacionistas y administradores de las pesquerías, surge como respuesta de investigadores pertenecientes al Grupo de Especialistas en Investigación y Conservación de Tortugas Marinas en el Atlántico Sud Occidental (ASO) a la urgente necesidad de evaluar el impacto de las pesquerías sobre las tortugas marinas. Históricamente, los esfuerzos referidos a la conservación de las tortugas marinas se han dirigido casi exclusivamente a proteger las playas de anidación. Sin embargo en la última década se ha podido comprobar que una de las mayores amenazas es la mortalidad incidental causada por las pesquerías. Esta interacción no implica únicamente un problema para las tortugas, sino que también genera...
Tipo: Book
Palavras-chave: Fisheries; Ecology; Fishing gear; Fisheries; Ecology; Fishing gear; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2934; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2946.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3206

Caracterización ecológica de las asociaciones de peces demersales del Caribe colombiano Norte, con énfasis en los pargros (Lutjanidae)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Manjarrés, L.; García, C.; Acero-P., A.
The mean objetives ofthe present study were to establish the existence of demersal fish associations in the shelf and superior slope of the Colombian Caribbean northern zone and determine if the biotical patterns determineted by these associations are correlationed with the patterns structured by the environmental conditions evaluated. Data were taken from three demersal resources assessment surveys of the INPA-VECEP/UE Program, carried out during the period 1995-1996. The station groups were not consistent in terms of species composition along the different periods. The dominant characteristics of demersal species associations was the absence of temporal persistence. Only it was possible to find some partial associations which remain during a maximum...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Demersal fisheries; Ecology; Demersal fisheries; Ecology; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2173; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3181

Análisis de clasificación de series temporales: el caso de la salinidad en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Giraldo-H., R.; Martínez-C., J.; Hurtado-T., L.H.; Zea, S.; Madera-R., E.R.
Se realizó una clasificación numérica de 21 estaciones de monitoreo del sistema laguno -estuarino comprendido por la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta y el Complejo Pajarales, de acuerdo a su similaridad en el comportamiento de la salinidad del agua. Se utilizó información quincenal comprendida entre enero de 1987 y octubre de 1991. Debido a la estructura de autocorrelación de los datos fue necesario emplear los modelos ARIMA de series de tiempo en primer lugar, y posteriormente aplicar una técnica de clasificación normal con los coeficientes de la representación infinita AR calculados para cada estación. Los resultados del análisis fueron coherentes con las hipótesis planteadas acerca de la distribución de la variable en el sistema.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Salinity effects; Autocorrelation; Monitoring; Coastal lagoons; Estuaries; Statistical analysis; Ecology; Monitoring; Estuaries; Statistical analysis; Coastal lagoons; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_4911; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2673; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_7378; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_1697.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3813

Contribución al conocimiento de parasitos de peces de la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta I. Familia Acanthocolpidae (Trematoda: Digenea)
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Galeano, M.L.; Romero, M.
Se describen y se ilustran seis especies de parásitos pertenecientes a la familia Acanthocolpidae encontradas en 19 especies de peces en su mayoría de considerable importancia económica. El estudio taxonómico de estos parásitos se realizó en la Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta, al norte de Colombia, desde Enero de 1978 hasta Junio de 1979.
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Parasites; Fisheries; Ecology; Fisheries; Ecology; Parasites; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2934; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_5574.
Ano: 1979
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3953

Ecología y distribución de los moluscos bivalvos perforadores de rocas (Familia Mytilidae) en la costa ecuatoriana del 2000 al 2005
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Cruz, M.; Mair, J.
Del análisis de más de 90 muestreos realizados en la zona intermareal rocosa en 33 sitios de la costa Ecuatoriana, desde el año 2000 al 2005, se identificaron cuatro especies de moluscos bivalvos perforadores de rocas de la familia Mytilidae: Gregariella coarctata, Lithophaga aristata, Lithophaga (L) attenuata y Lithophaga hastasia. Lithophaga hastasia, es considerada "rara" está restringida para Perdenales-Chorrera en la Provincia de Manabí, no se volvió a encontrar en otro lugar de la costa Ecuatoriana, prefiriendo un ecosistema influenciado por aguas tropicales provenientes del norte del país. La especie Gregariella coarctata, se la considera "Común" prefiere la Provincia de Manabí entre Punta Bellaca y Manta, puede extenderse hacia el sur del Ecuador...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Marine molluscs; Fouling organisms; Distribution; Abundance; Ecology; Distribution; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_2467; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35773.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/3368

Life expectancy of Helicoverpa armigera on chickpea
Provedor de dados: 30
Autores: Dabhi, M.V.
Palavras-chave: Chickpeas; Animal ecology; Eggs; Poultry equipment; Grain legumes; Animal developmental stages; Sexual reproduction; Population dynamics; Ecology; Mass media.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/openaccess/?q=node/3341

The meiofauna: macrofauna ratio across the continental slope of the Goban Spur (north-east Atlantic)
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Flach, E.; Vanaverbeke, J.; Heip, C.H.R.
Meio- and macrofauna density and biomass were estimated at the OMEX-transect across the continental slope of the Goban Spur at water depths ranging from 208 to 4460 m in the north-east Atlantic. A linear increase in the ratio between meio- and macrofauna densities with increasing water depth was found. At the continental shelf meiofauna densities were similar to 50 times higher than macrofauna densities, whereas in the abyss meiofauna densities were more than 1000 times higher. This change in ratio was due to a significant decrease in macrofauna densities with increasing water depth, whereas the meiofauna densities staved more or less at the same level. The ratio in biomass between meio- and macrofauna showed a dip at similar to 1000 m. At this depth...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Sediment; Sites; Spectra; Nematoda [Nematodes].
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=7325

Carbon flows through meiobenthic nematodes in the Westerschelde Estuary
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Li, J.; Vincx, M.; Herman, P.M.J.
A time dynamic model was used to estimate carbon flows through nematodes in an intertidal benthic ecosystem in the Westerschelde Estuary, The Netherlands. The model calibrated the nematode biomass observed from March 1991 to February 1992. The forcing functions of the model included meiobenthos biomass, macrobenthos biomass, bacterial density, chlorophyll-a concentration, and other abiotic data such as temperature and day length. We estimate that the nematode population had a low level of standing stock 249 mg C m(-2), but a high level of carbon flow. It consumed 98 mg C m(-2) d(-1) and produced 22 mg C m(-2) d(-1). Defecation was 73 mg C m(-2) d(-1). Losses in respiration, excretion and natural death were only 3 mg C m(-2) d(-1). The annual P/B was 32 for...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Degradation; Ecology; Marine nematodes; Meiobenthos; Respiration.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=7296

Linking estuarine nematodes to their suspected food: a case study from the Westerschelde estuary (south-west Netherlands)
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Moens, T.; Van Gansbeke, D.; Vincx, M.
The present study investigates correlations between abundances of nematodes (at the genus level) and benthic microalgae on an intertidal mudflat in the Westerschelde Estuary (south-west Netherlands), using both multi- and univariate methods. Two sample series, covering surface areas of 10 cm(2) (meioscale) and 1.25 cm(2) (microscale) per sample were analysed. Trophic type analysis indicated that an average of 31% of the nematode community were candidate grazers of microalgae. Multivariate data analysis indicated that only a limited part of the variation in the nematode data could be explained in relation to pigments. Total nematodes did not show any correlation with the pigment data. On the meioscale, the genera &lt;i&gt;Tripyloides&lt;/i&gt; and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Marine nematodes; Meiobenthos; Populations; Populations; Scale; Scale; Bacteria.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=7332

The role of ecology in marine pollution monitoring
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Gray, J.S.; Boesch, D.; Heip, C.H.R.; Jones, A.M.; Lassig, J.; Vanderhorst, R.; Wolfe, D.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Pollution monitoring.
Ano: 1980
URL: http://www.vliz.be/imisdocs/publications/260467.pdf

Nematodes as indicators pollution: a case study from the Swartkops River system, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Gyedu-Ababio, T.; Furstenberg, J.P.; Baird, D.J.; Vanreusel, A.
Nematodes from the sediments of the Swartkops estuary in Port Elizabeth, South Africa were investigated at 10 selected sites along a salinity gradient in the subtidal region at neap tide. The relation between nematode density, genera, community structure and environmental parameters including concentrations of seven heavy metals, Mn, Ti, Cr, Pb, Fe, Sn and Zn in the sediment were investigated. The nematode community structure was significantly influenced by the chlorophyll a concentration and sediment particle-size distribution. The number of genera had significant negative correlation with chlorophyll a and two heavy metals, Fe and Zn in the sediment. The habitat preferences of the genera were also assessed. A combination of the Shannon-Wiener Diversity...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Check lists; Density; Diversity; Ecology; Meiobenthos; Pollution; Sediment; Sediments; Nematoda [Nematodes].
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=7328

The importance of turbellarians in the marine meiobenthos: a review
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Martens, P.M.; Schockaert, E.R.
Recent data and opinions on meiofaunal ecology are briefly reviewed; and from scattered data, the place of turbellarians in the meiobenthic community is discussed. Turbellarian diversity is of the same magnitude higher in sandy habitats than in muddy bottoms. In sand, turbellarian diversity is of the same magnitude as that of other important meiofaunal taxa, while densities range between 7-25% of the total meiofauna. Mean individual turbellarian dry weight seems to be four times that of nematodes and in sandy habitats turbellarian biomass may be equal to or exceed that of nematodes. Most turbellarian species may be considered as predators and in this respect may take the place occupied by macrofaunal species in muddy sediments.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Fauna; Literature reviews; Meiobenthos; Turbellaria [Flatworms].
Ano: 1986
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3222

The systematics and ecology of free-living marine nematodes
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Heip, C.H.R.; Vincx, M.; Smol, N.; Vranken, G.
Nematodes are the most abundant metazoans in marine (littoral, estuarine, coastal and oceanic) sediments, extending from the high-water mark into the deepest oceanic trenches (Nicholas, 1975). All marine free-living nematodes are considered to be members of the meiobenthos; small organisms, mainly metazoans, which are separated from the larger macrobenthos either on a methodological basis (i.e. as all animals passing a 1 mm or a 0.5 mm sieve) or a taxonomic basis (i.e. particular animal groups such as Nematoda, Harpacticoida, Gastrotricha, Kinorhyncha, Tardigrada, Foraminifera etc. which consist exclusively or mainly of small species living in sediments). In most circumstances, nematodes are numerically the dominant group of the meiofauna. In fact, they...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Systematics; Taxonomy; Nematoda [Nematodes].
Ano: 1982
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3417

Feeding biology of a predatory and a facultatively predatory nematode (&lt;i&gt;Enoploides longispiculosus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Adoncholaimus fuscus&lt;/i&gt;)
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Moens, T.; Verbeeck, L.; Vincx, M.
This paper reports on the feeding biology of a predatory and of a facultatively predatory nematode, &lt;i&gt;Enoploides longispiculosus&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;Adoncholaimus fuscus&lt;/i&gt;, respectively. Both species represent genera which are common and abundant in the littoral of the North Sea and in adjacent estuaries. Observations on the foraging behaviour of both species are given, and for the former species, a range of prey from its natural habitat is identified. Respiration was determined using a polarographic oxygen electrode technique and compared to consumption determined as predation rates on the monhysterid nematode &lt;i&gt;Diplolaimelloides meyli&lt;/i&gt;. The daily C-loss due to respiration accounted for 15% of the measured C-consumption...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Communities; Communities; Communities; Ecology; Flat; Food; Marine; Meiobenthos; Water.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=7336

A model of nematode dynamics in the Westerschelde Estuary
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Li, J.; Vincx, M.; Herman, P.M.J.
We developed a time dynamic model to investigate the temporal dynamics of nematode community in the brackish zone of the Westerschelde Estuary. The biomass of four nematode feeding groups observed from March 1991 to February 1992 is used to calibrate the model. Using environmental data as the input, the model predicts the temporal modification and interrelation of four nematode feeding groups. Nematodes achieve a dominant position in the community because of their lower loss rate (in respiration, excretion and natural death). Predators which are deposit-feeding macrobenthos control the variations of dominant nematodes, such as omnivores and non-selective deposit feeders. Food availability causes modification only for rare nematodes such as epigrowth...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diatoms; Ecology; Food; Light; Marine nematodes; Meiobenthos; Population dynamics; Predation; Respiration; Temperature; Nematoda [Nematodes].
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=7284

Modelling the influence of ecological interactions on reactive transport processes in sediments
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Meysman, F.
Within the natural sciences, it has long been recognized that biological activity can modify the texture, structure and composition of surface sediments. Darwin (1881) already examined the stirring of soils by burrowing earthworms and made detailed observations on how these organisms affect soil processes. A similar phenomenon can be observed in aquatic sediments, which are inhabited by a diverse biological community, supported by the flux of organic matter and oxygen from the overlying water column. Surface sediments of oceans, estuaries, lakes and rivers are highly active biogeochemical environments and an effective way to generate insight in the complexity of the interactions is by means of so-called general early diagenetic models (e.g. Soetaert et al,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis
Palavras-chave: Chemistry; Ecology; Hydrology; Model; Sediment; Water.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=8063

The ecology of marine nematodes
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Heip, C.H.R.; Vincx, M.; Vranken, G.
Nematodes are probably the most abundant metazoans in the biosphere and of very great importance to man. As parasites of man they are responsible for disease in hundreds of millions of people and an estimated eight billion nematodes are enjoying food, warmth and shelter in human intestines today; &lt;i&gt;Ascaris lumbricoides&lt;/i&gt; is, after the viruses responsible for diarrhoeal disease, the second most infectious organism in the world, about a quarter of the world's population being infected (Ash, Crompton &amp; Keymer, 1984). Plant-parasitic nematodes cause considerable damage to crops and many species are vectors of soil-borne viruses. Today, plant nematology is one of the most vital fields in agricultural research and is studied in many university...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Literature reviews; Nematoda [Nematodes].
Ano: 1985
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3205

Résultats d'une étude systématique et écologique de la population algale des côtes rocheuses du Dramont, St. Raphaël (Var, France)
Provedor de dados: 27
Autores: Coppejans, E.
Thanks to this psychological study, stretched over a period of four years (1968-1972) on the algae population of the Le Dramont rocky coasts, we had the possibility to distinguish 19 different groups. Their apportionment and floristic composition have been consciously observed and studied, in summer as well as during spring, and this up to a depth of 45 m. A high number (35) of sections were done for that purpose, all over the work territory. Some of them are reproduced here (fig. 1, 2, 3, 4), with an indication of the placement of the different groups. Next, we compared our results with those of previous works, and we were able to conclude that the studied area is very analogue to the one of the J. Feldman study of the Albères Coast.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Algae; Ecology; Rocky shores; Taxonomy; France Coasts.
Ano: 1972
URL: http://www.vliz.be/nl/open-marien-archief?module=ref&refid=3452

Allelopathy of aqueous leaf extracts from the invasive alien tree Pittosporum undulatum on germination and growth of barnyard grass
Provedor de dados: 190
Autores: Carpanezzi, Fernando Bertol; Gualtieri, Sonia Cristina Juliano.
Barnyard grass (Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) P. Beauv.) is a herbicide-resistant weed that brings negative impacts to rice crops and threatens floodplains biodiversity worldwide. This study aimed to investigate allelopathic influences of extracts from Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (cheesewood) leaves on barnyard grass. Leachates in concentrations of 20%, 15%, 10%, 5% and 2.5% (w/v), aqueous extracts from powdered leached and non-leached leaves (10%, 7,5%, 5%, 2.5% and 1.25% for both), coumarin solution at 0.6 mM and original Roundup ® in concentration according to the label information were prepared. Petri-dishes germination bioassays, with counting at each 12 hours, allowed to determinate both germinability and germination rate; polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000)...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Plant Ecophysiology Cheesewood tree; Echinochloa crusgalli; Agroecosystems; Floodplains Ecologia; Ecofisiologia Vegetal Pau-incenso; Echinochloa crusgalli; Agroecossistemas; Áreas alagáveis.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/599

Análise faunística de gafanhotos na Floresta Nacional de Chapecó, Santa Catarina
Provedor de dados: 190
Autores: Lutinski, Cladis Juliana; Lutinski, Junir Antonio; Costa, Maria Katia Matiotti  da; Garcia, Flavio Roberto Mello.
Realizou-se a análise faunística de gafanhotos coletados em três constituições vegetais da Flona de Chapecó. Coletas semanais foram realizadas em áreas de eucalipto, mata nativa e pinus durante o período de dezembro de 2003 a dezembro de 2004. Utilizaram-se armadilhas do tipo “pitfall”, rede de varredura, guarda-chuva entomológico e “malaise”. A fauna encontrada nas diferentes áreas foi caracterizada por meio dos índices de abundância, constância, dominância e frequência. Dezoito espécies foram comuns para as três áreas. As espécies Staurorhectus logicornis logicornis, Cylindrotettix sp. e Ommexecha virens ocorreram apenas em eucaliptos e pínus, enquanto, Scotussa lemniscata e Zoniopoda tarsata ocorreram para eucaliptos e mata nativa enquanto Amblytropidia...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Diversity; Acridinae; Sustainable development Ecologia; Diversidade; Acridinae; Desenvolvimento sustentável.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/191

Diet, microhabitat use, and thermal preferences of Ptychoglossus bicolor (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in an organic coffee shade plantation in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 84
Autores: Anaya-Rojas,Jaime M.; Serrano-Cardozo,Víctor H.; Ramírez-Pinilla,Martha P.
Ptychoglossus bicolor is a small gymnophthalmid lizard distributed in the Magdalena Valley of Colombia. We studied ecological features of diet, microhabitat use, and thermal preferences of a population found in an organic coffee shade plantation at the Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes. The studied population had a diet composed predominantly of isopods. The Relative Importance Index of isopods was 98.8%; there were no significant monthly differences in the full stomach content and volume of isopods eaten during the sampling year, neither between rainy and dry seasons. A large number of lizards were found active in the leaf-litter, buried around coffee tree roots, and under or in rotting logs. Lizard body temperature was positively correlated with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ptychoglossus bicolor; Diet; Ecology; Tropical lizards; Organic coffee.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492010001000001

Natural History of Pseudoboine Snakes
Provedor de dados: 84
Autores: Gaiarsa,Marília P.; Alencar,Laura R.V. de; Martins,Marcio.
Even though natural history information is crucial for answering key ecological, evolutionary, and conservation questions, basic studies are still lacking for Neotropical snakes. This study aims at contributing to the knowledge of the Neotropical tribe Pseudoboini, based on literature data, analysis of museum specimens and unpublished data. The tribe is mainly composed of moderate-sized snakes, although small and large-sized snakes also occur in the clade. Mean fecundity ranged from two (Rodriguesophis iglesiasi) to 29 eggs (Clelia plumbea) and the species are predominantly terrestrial and nocturnal. Most species are diet specialists and lizards are the most commonly consumed prey (found in the diet of 29 species), followed by small mammals (consumed by 20...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Diet; Microhabitat; Reproduction; Dipsadidae.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492013001900001

Notes on mating behaviour and a possible new host plant for Megacyllene angulata (Fabricius, 1775) (Cerambycidae, Coleoptera)
Provedor de dados: 84
Autores: Nascimento,Francisco Eriberto de Lima; Mendes,Diego Matheus de Mello; Silva Neto,Alberto Moreira da.
Abstract The mating behavior of M. angulata (Fabricius, 1775) is described, illustrated and discussed. Additionally, we also comment on the possible new host plant of this species based on two plants (Luehea cymulosa Spruce ex Benth. (Malvaceae) and Doliocarpus dentatus (Aubl.) Standl (Dilleniaceae) on which copulation occurs.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Amazon region; Behaviour; Ecology; Longhorned beetle.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492020000100204

Structure of Poduromorpha (Collembola) communities in "restinga" environments in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 86
Autores: Fernandes,Liliane Henriques; Nessimian,Jorge Luiz; Mendonça,Maria Cleide de.
The objectives of this work were to evaluate the richness and diversity of the Poduromorpha fauna in two biotopes in Restinga de Maricá, RJ, Brazil, to identify the characteristic species of each biotope and to determine the relationships between the community structure and the abiotic environmental parameters. Representatives of the Poduromorpha (Collembola) order were studied under an ecological viewpoint in halophyte-psammophyte vegetation and foredune zone in preserved areas of Restinga de Maricá, a sand dune environment in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The foredune zone showed the highest diversity, richness and equitability of springtail species. Differences in the fundamental, accessory and accidental species in each environment were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Bioindicator; Ecology; Littoral; Springtails.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2009000800036

Comparative Morphological, Anatomical and Ecological Studies on Two Varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iridaceae) in Turkey
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: KANDEMIR,N.; KHAN,G.; ÇELIK,A.
ABSTRACT: Iris is the largest genus of family Iridaceae having 50 species with 24 endemic to Turkey. Here in this study we compared morphological, anatomical and ecological characters of two varieties of Iris unguicularis subsp. carica (Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. carica and Iris unguicularis subsp. carica var. syriaca) from Turkey. We reported some distinctive morphological characteristics between both of the varieties like plant size, root length and width, leaf length and width, perianth tube, falls, standard fruit and bract length, falls and standards width and structure, flower colour which are of important taxonomic values. We further investigated that both the varieties are found in different localities and the differences in morphological...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Comparison; Morphology; Anatomy; Ecology.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582019000100275

Soil microorganisms and their role in the interactions between weeds and crops
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: Massenssini,A.M.; Bonduki,V.H.A.; Melo,C.A.D.; Tótola,M.R.; Ferreira,F.A.; Costa,M.D.
The competition between weeds and crops is a topic of great interest, since this interaction can cause heavy losses in agriculture. Despite the existence of some studies on this subject, little is known about the importance of soil microorganisms in the modulation of weed-crop interactions. Plants compete for water and nutrients in the soil and the ability of a given species to use the available resources may be directly affected by the presence of some microbial groups commonly found in the soil. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are able to associate with plant roots and affect the ability of different species to absorb water and nutrients from the soil, promoting changes in plant growth. Other groups may promote positive or negative changes in plant...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Competition; Agriculture; Mycorrhizal fungi; PGPR; Ecology.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582014000400022

Response of imidazolinone-resistant and -susceptible weedy rice populations to imazethapyr and increased atmospheric CO2
Provedor de dados: 87
Autores: B. Piveta,Leonard; Roma-Burgos,Nilda; Noldin,José A.; P. Refatti,João; Oliveira,Claudia; Avila,Luis A.
Abstract  Background:  Weedy rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the main weed of rice crop. The high genetic variability of weedy rice contributes to the high phenotypic diversity between biotypes and different responses to environmental stress.  Objective:  The present study aimed to evaluate the response of imidazolinone-susceptible and -resistant weedy rice populations to increased atmospheric [CO2].  Methods:  The experiment was arranged in a complete randomized design with six replications. The treatments included two [CO2] concentration (700 and 400 μmol mol-1) and three treatments: resistant genotype (IMI-resistant) treated with imazethapyr; resistant genotype without imazethapyr, and a susceptible genotype without imazethapyr.  Results:  The IMI-resistant...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Ecology; Weed biology.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582020000100328

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Water resource development has played a significant role in the expansion of agriculture and industry in the Olifants River Catchment. However, currently water deficit is one of the major constraints hampering development in the catchment; both the mining and agricultural sectors are producing below optimal levels because of their reliance on insufficient supplies. In this study, the Water Evaluation and Planning (WEAP) model was used to evaluate scenarios of historic, current and future water demand in the catchment. For each scenario, the WEAP model was used to simulate demand in five different sectors (rural, urban, mining, commercial forestry and irrigation) over a 70-year period of varying rainfall and hydrology. Levels of assured supply were...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61095

Economic Competition and Evolution: Are there Lessons from Ecology?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
After discussing generally models in ecology and economics that combine competition, optimization and evolution, this article concentrates on models of intraspecific competition.  It demonstrates the importance of diversity/inequalities within populations of species and other environments for the sustainability of their populations, given the occurrence of environmental change.  This is demonstrated both for scramble (open-access) and contest competition.  Implications are drawn for human populations and for industrial organization.  The possibility is raised that within industry competition may not always exist between firms in all stages of the development of a new industry.  Policy implications are considered.  For example, it is argued that policies...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Competition policy; Ecology; Economic efficiency; Evolution; Intraspecific competition; Market development; Environmental Economics and Policy; L100; J100; Q150.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90526

Evaluation of historic, current and future water demand in the Olifants River Catchment, South Africa.
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCartney,   Matthew P.; Arranz,   Roberto.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: River basins; Catchment areas; Water resources development; Water demand; Water allocation; Simulation models; Calibrations; Water use; Irrigation water; Domestic water; Ecology; South Africa; Olifants River Catchment; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57026

Wastewater use in agriculture: Review of impacts and methodological issues in valuing impacts
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hussain,   Intizar; Raschid,   Liqa; Hanjra,   Munir A.; Marikar,   Fuard; van der Hoek,   Wim.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Waste waters; Water quality; Flow; Water reuse; Recycling; Irrigation water; Public health; Crop production; Salinity; Soil properties; Groundwater; Ecology; Social impact; Economic impact; Cost benefit analysis; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Health Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92696

Developing effective institutions for water resources management:  A case study in the Deduru Oya Basin, Sri Lanka
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Somaratne,   Pallewatte G.; Jinapala,   Kiribandage; Perera,   L.R.; Ariyaratne,   Badugodahewa Ranjith; Bandaragoda,   Don Jayatissa; Makin,   I.W.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water resource management; Water lifting; Wells; Domestic water; Population; Economic aspects; Income; Irrigation programs; Institutions; Policy; Groundwater; Agricultural development; Fish farming; Pumps; Ecology; Water supply; Drought; Poverty; Land use; Water scarcity; Natural resources; Agricultural production; Cropping systems; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; Production Economics; Public Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92665

Speaking Stata: The protean quantile plot
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Cox,   Nicholas J.
Quantile plots showing by default ordered values versus cumulative probabilities are both well known and also often neglected, considering their major advantages. Their flexibility and power is emphasized by using the qplot program to show several variants on the standard form, making full use of options for reverse, ranked, and transformed scales and for superimposing and juxtaposing quantile traces. Examples are drawn from the analysis of species abundance data in ecology. A revised version of qplot is formally released with this column. Distribution plots in which the axes are interchanged are also discussed briefly, in conjunction with a revised version of distplot, also released now.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Qplot; Distplot; Distributions; Quantile plots; Statistical graphics; Species abundance; Ecology; Whittaker plots; Broken stick; Lognormal; Power laws; Scaling laws; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117532

Control of Environmental Pollution in Jiangsu Province
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Yan,   Xu.
This paper introduces the problems in rural environment of Juangsu Province, and analyzes the causation of these problems. Finally, this paper discusses the related measures for controlling the rural environment of Juangsu Province.
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Rural area; Ecology; Environmental pollution; Control; China; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53523

Green algal interactions with physicochemical parameters of some manmade ponds in Zaria, northern Nigeria
Provedor de dados: 88
Autores: Chia,Mathias Ahii; Bako,Sunday Paul; Alonge,Samson O; Adamu,Abu Kasim.
Green algal species and their association with physicochemical parameters in some manmade ponds in Zaria, Nigeria were studied from November 2005 to August 2006. Phytoplankton and water samples were collected, preserved and analyzed using standard methods. A total of 27 green algal species divided into 16 families were recorded. Shannon diversity indices ranged from 1.75 to 2.39 in all ponds, dominance index from 0.14 to 0.23 and species evenness 0.56 to 0.64. Closterium sp. and Rhizoclonium hookeri Kuetz. were positively associated with the concentration of Fe, however they were negatively correlated (sensitive) to alkalinity, total dissolved solids and electrical conductivity. Stichococcus bacillaris Naegeli, Staurastrum rotula Nordst. and Sphaeroplea...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chlorophyta; Diversity; Ecology; Lenthic water bodies; Trace metals.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-84042011000300004

Relationship between ecological concepts and biosafety in broiler breeder farms
Provedor de dados: 89
Autores: Santos,CA; Falconi,FA.
The entrance of poultry products into the trade world requires changes in the configuration of these products, such as programs that ensure their quality and biosafety for the consumers. This article aims at presenting new perception on poultry biosafety programs in broiler breeder farms from an ecological perspective, making these programs more efficient and cost-effective, i.e., more competitive. Using literature review, some convergences were found between ecology concepts and biosafety programs. One of these convergences is understanding the farm as an open ecosystem, integrating through adaptation the natural environment with the exotic environment. This also allows understanding how the production area interacts with the environment as to energy...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Avian biosafety; Aviculture; Broiler house; Ecological modeling; Ecology.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2007000300002

Dung Beetles Associated with Agroecosystems of Southern Brazil: Relationship with Soil Properties
Provedor de dados: 90
Autores: Farias,Patrícia Menegaz de; Hernández,Malva Isabel Medina.
ABSTRACT Knowing the biodiversity of dung beetles in agricultural and livestock environments is the basis for understanding the contribution that these organisms make in nutrient cycling and ecosystem functions. The aim of the present study was to investigate the structure of copronecrophagous dung beetle communities inhabiting the main agroecosystems in southern Brazil and correlate the presence of these organisms with soil properties. From December 2012 to April 2013, samples of dung beetles were taken in the municipality of Tubarão, Santa Catarina, Brazil (28° 28’ S; 48° 56’ W) in corn, bean, and sugarcane crops, and in cattle pastures. Beetles were captured in 16 sampling sites, four from each agroecosystem, following a standardized methodology: 10...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural-livestock systems; Dung beetles; Ecology; Soil attributes; Species diversity.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832017000100407

Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Speleological Province of the Ribeira Valley: 2. Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), São Paulo State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Galati,Eunice A. B.; Marassá,Ana Maria; Gonçalves-Andrade,Rute Maria; Consales,Cleide Aschenbrenner; Bueno,Edna Fátima Maria.
The Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR) with about 250 caves, in an Atlantic forest reserve, is an important ecotourist attraction in the Ribeira Valley, an endemic area of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL). With the purpose of investigating Leishmania vector species bothersome to humans the sandfly fauna was identified and some of its ecological aspects in the Santana nucleus, captures were undertaken monthly with automatic light traps in 11 ecotopes, including caves, forests, a camping site and domiciliary environments, and on black and white Shannon traps, from January/2001 to December/2002. A total of 2,449 sandflies representing 21 species were captured. The highest values of abundance obtained in the captures with automatic light traps were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Caves; Ecology; Leishmaniasis; Sandfly; Vectors.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262010000300020

Do container size and predator presence affect Culex (Diptera: Culicidae) oviposition preferences?
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: dos Santos,José Junior; Kroth,Nádia; Breaux,Jennifer A.; Albeny-Simões,Daniel.
ABSTRACT Organisms with complex life cycles typically do not exhibit parental care. Hence, the ability of adult females to choose quality oviposition sites is critical for offspring success. Gravid females of many insect taxa have the capability to detect environmental conditions in water-holding containers (e.g., resource level, presence of competitors or predators) and to choose the sites that are most suitable for offspring growth and development. Mosquitoes may also detect physical container characteristics related to water permanence such as surface area, volume, or container size, and some species such as those in the genus Culex have been shown to prefer larger containers. However, predators may also preferentially colonize larger containers; thus,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Aquatic insects; Behavior; Ecology; Eggs rafts; Mosquito oviposition.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262018000100040

Synanthropy and ecological aspects of Muscidae (Diptera) in a tropical dry forest ecosystem in Colombia
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Uribe-M,Natalia; Wolff,Marta; Carvalho,Claudio J. B. de.
The synanthropic index and other ecological aspects of the Muscidae family were evaluated through simultaneous monthly sampling in three different environments (urban, rural and forest) using van Someren-Rydon traps baited with human faeces, chicken viscera and decomposing fish and onion. Four traps were set up in each environment (one per bait item) for 48 hours per month, with samples taken every 12 hours. A total of 5726 specimens were collected, belonging to 19 species and 13 genera. Brontaea normata (+99,9), Brontaea quadristigma (+96,9), Synthesiomyia nudiseta (+96,5), Ophyra aenescens (+96,2), Musca domestica (+95,7) and Atherigona orientalis (+93,8) had the highest synanthropic indices, showing a marked preference for human environments. The most...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Flies; Human environments; La Pintada.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262010000300018

Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz &amp;amp; Neiva) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto) (Diptera, Psychodidae, Phlebotominae) in a sympatric area: seasonal and nocturnal hourly rhythm in black and white modified Shannon traps
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Galati,Eunice A. B.; Marassá,Ana Maria; Gonçalves-Andrade,Rute Maria; Bueno,Edna Fátima Maria; Paiva,Byanca R.; Malafronte,Rosely S.
Captures with black and white Shannon traps were undertaken to identify aspects of the behavior of the two cryptic and sympatric species implicated as vectors of cutaneous leishmaniasis, Nyssomyia intermedia (Lutz &amp;amp; Neiva, 1912) and Nyssomyia neivai (Pinto, 1926). The traps were installed side by side, monthly, from July 2001 to June 2002, from 18 to 07 hours, in a peridomicile of Iporanga municipality, state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 2,142 specimens were captured, Ny. intermedia (47.4%) and Ny. neivai (50.5%). The white trap was more attractive to both sexes of both species. Males of Ny. neivai predominated (70%) over those of Ny. intermedia on the two traps; on the black trap, the females of Ny. intermedia predominated (63.3%) over those...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Cutaneous leishmaniasis; Ribeira Valley; Vectors.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262010000400021

Houseflies speaking for the conservation of natural areas: a broad sampling of Muscidae (Diptera) on coastal plains of the Pampa biome, Southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Zafalon-Silva,Ândrio; Kirst,Frederico Dutra; Krüger,Rodrigo Ferreira.
ABSTRACT The Brazilian Coastal Plain of the Pampa Biome (CPPB), has suffered fragmentation caused by resource extraction and cattle raising. In turn, conservation proposals are needed to prevent the anthropisation of Pampa natural areas. The first step towards conservation proposals by using insects is fauna inventories, providing data support for legislators. Thus, we undertook a regional and broad-scale sampling survey to investigate the diversity of Muscidae flies in protected and non-protected areas of CPPB. In addition, we carried out an ecological guild diversity analysis as a metric approach of bioindication. The Muscidae sampling resulted in 6314 specimens, 98 species taxa in 31 genera. Based on diversity estimators, our sampling represents 70-86%...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Atlantic forest; Diptera; Ecology; Guilds; Grasslands; Muscidae.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262018000400292

Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Speleological Province of the Ribeira Valley: 3. Serra district - area of hostels for tourists who visit the Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), state of São Paulo, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Galati,Eunice Aparecida Bianchi; Marassá,Ana Maria; Fonseca,Mauro Breviglieri; Gonçalves-Andrade,Rute Maria; Consales,Cleide Aschenbrenner; Bueno,Edna Fátima Maria.
Phlebotomines (Diptera, Psychodidae) in the Speleological Province of the Ribeira Valley: 3. Area of hostels for tourists who visit the Parque Estadual do Alto Ribeira (PETAR), state of São Paulo, Brazil. The study characterizes some ecological aspects of the phlebotomine fauna in an endemic area of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) situated in the Serra district, Iporanga municipality where the hostels for tourists visiting the PETAR are located. Captures were undertaken on a smallholding and a small farm situated near the hostels, monthly between January/2001 and December/2003 with automatic light traps (ALT) in pigsty, hen-house and veranda of a domicile at the two sites, and in peridomicile of the small farm also with black/white Shannon traps. With the ALT...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Leishmaniases; Lutzomyia longipalpis; Phlebotominae; Vectors.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262010000400020

Seasonal and spatial species richness variation of dung beetle (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae s. str.) in the Atlantic Forest of southeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Hernández,Malva I. Medina; Vaz-de-Mello,Fernando Z.
The knowledge on Atlantic Forest scarab beetle fauna is quite limited. This biome is strongly degraded and these insects can be used as bioindicators since they are sensitive to forest destruction and show distinct organizational patterns in forest fragments or in areas that have been deteriorated by human activity. Thus, a study of the Scarabaeidae (sensu stricto) dung beetles fauna that inhabit Serra do Japi, São Paulo, Brazil (23º12'-23º22' S and 46º53'-47º03'W) was carried out; the monthly species richness was analyzed in six areas during one year and the vegetation's structural physiognomy was described. The areas included a conserved and a degraded valley, a northward and a southward hillside, a hilltop, and an area of secondary forest growing under...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dung Beetles; Diversity; Ecology; Richness; Scarabaeidae.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262009000400010

Dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic forest fragments in southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 92
Autores: Campos,Renata C.; Hernández,Malva I. Medina.
Dung beetle assemblages (Coleoptera, Scarabaeinae) in Atlantic forest fragments in southern Brazil. The beetles of the subfamily Scarabaeinae are important organisms that participate in the cycle of decomposition, especially in tropical ecosystems. Most species feed on feces (dung) or carcasses (carrion) and are associated with animals that produce their food resources. Dung beetles are divided into three functional groups: rollers, tunnelers and dwellers. This present work aims to study the diversity of dung beetle communities inhabiting fragments of the Atlantic Forest, with the purpose of describing the ecology of the species in southern Brazil. This study was conducted in the region of Campos Novos, in Santa Catarina, where twenty sites of Atlantic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cycle of decomposition; Diversity; Ecology; Feeding guild; Insecta.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262013000100008

The avocado fruit borer, Stenoma catenifer (wals.) (Lepidoptera: elachistidae): egg and damage distribution and parasitism
Provedor de dados: 94
Autores: Hohmann,Celso Luiz; Meneguim,Ana Maria; Andrade,Elizete Anelli; Novaes,Tanara Garcia de; Zandoná,Carla.
The avocado fruit borer, Stenoma catenifer (Wals.) has been a limiting factor in growing avocados over the last years in many Brazilian states. This is a result of the lack of safe and feasible management practices to minimize the fruit borer damage. The aim of this study was to obtain information on the pest biology and ecology as well as on the role of natural enemies to define strategies to control the pest. Samples were taken biweekly and consisted of 20 fruits collected randomly (10 from the upper half and 10 from the lower half of the plant) in ten plants, cv. Margarida, in a commercial avocado grove in Arapongas and Cambé regions, PR, from October/2001 to September/2002. Laboratory determinations of the percentage of damaged fruit per plant region,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Insecta; Ecology; Biological control; Persea americana.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452003000300018

Survival of Acidovorax citrulli in infected melon tissues and in different edafoclimatic conditions
Provedor de dados: 94
Autores: Alves,Aldenir Oliveira; Xavier,André da Silva; Conceição,Claudeana Souza da; Mariano,Rosa de Lima Ramos; Souza,Elineide Barbosa de.
Abstract  The survival of Acidovorax citrulli Aac1Rif was accessed in infected melon tissues (fruits and leaves) incorporated to the soil at 0, 5, 10 and 15 cm depth, in seven different types of soil, at temperatures 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 35 ºC and moisture field capacity of 50 and 100% in the absence of the host plant. Aac1Rif was detected in melon tissues at 0, 5 and 10 cm until 21 days and at 15 cm until 14 days. The highest and lowest relative extinction rate of the population (RERP) for Aac1Rif occurred respectively in fruit tissues and leaf tissues at depths of 0 and 5 cm. Aac1Rif survived in seven types of soil only for three days. The lowest RERP occurred at 10 or 15 ºC and the highest at 30 or 35 ºC. Greater concentrations of Na+, silt, and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cucumis melo; Bacterial fruit blotch; Populational density; Ecology; Management.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-29452018000500401

Autoecology of Dryadosaura nordestina (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) from Atlantic forest fragments in Northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Garda,Adrian A.; Medeiros,Pedro H.S. de; Lion,Marília B.; Brito,Marcos R.M. de; Vieira,Gustavo H.C.; Mesquita,Daniel O.
Life history parameters such as diet, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism are crucial to understand ecological and evolutionary forces shaping species traits. Nevertheless, such information is scant in the literature for most Neotropical squamates. Gymnophthalmidae contains over 242 species in 46 genera and includes small-size, mostly terrestrial species, although psamophilic, semi-aquatic, and low vegetation dwellers also occur. Dryadosaura is a monospecific genus - Dryadosaura nordestina Rodrigues et al., 2005 - , occurring in Atlantic Forest areas from Rio Grande do Norte to Northern Bahia, and little is known about its ecology and natural history. We analyzed the species' diet, reproduction, and sexual dimorphism based on 170 specimens deposited in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diet; Ecology; Lizard; Reproduction; Sexual dimorphism.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702014000500002

Ecological and reproductive aspects of Aparasphenodon brunoi (Anura: Hylidae) in an ombrophilous forest area of the Atlantic Rainforest Biome, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Gomez-Mesa,Laura; Pereira-Ribeiro,Juliane; Ferreguetti,Atilla C.; Almeida-Santos,Marlon; Bergallo,Helena G.; Rocha,Carlos F. D.
ABSTRACT Presented is the first information on the ecological and reproductive aspects of the treefrog, Aparasphenodon brunoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1920, living in ombrophilous forest areas of the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil. We recorded the species’ daily activity and over the course of a year, population density during the year, microhabitat usage, diet, and some reproductive features (quantity, diameter and mean mass of oocytes, mean reproductive effort of female). Field sampling was conducted monthly from June 2015 to July 2016. Searches for treefrogs were systematic, using visual encounter surveys along 14 plots RAPELD long term research modules established in the forest. For each captured individual, we recorded the hour, microhabitat used, and perch...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Casque-headed frog; Ecological aspects; Ecology; Habitat use.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702017000100325

Natural history of Micrablepharus maximiliani (Squamata: Gymnophthalmidae) in a Cerrado region of northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Dal Vechio,Francisco; Recoder,Renato; Zaher,Hussam; Rodrigues,Miguel Trefaut.
Micrablepharus maximiliani (Reinhardt &amp;amp; Luetken, 1861) is a microteiid lizard widely distributed in the open areas of South America. Little is known about its ecology and reproductive biology. Here, we analyzed aspects of the natural history of a population of M. maximiliani from a Cerrado area in the state of Piauí, northeastern Brazil. Our results suggest that the reproductive activity of M. maximiliani might be seasonal in the Cerrado, since reproductive females were observed only in the dry season, whereas reproductive males were present in both seasons. Vitellogenic follicles and oviductal eggs were found simultaneously in one female, suggesting that females may produce more than one clutch per season. Sexual dimorphism was observed in body...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diet; Ecology; Lizards; Reproduction; Sexual dimorphism.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702014000200002

Vertical and time distribution of Diplopoda (Arthropoda: Myriapoda) in a monodominant forest in Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Battirola,Leandro D.; Marques,Marinêz I.; Rosado-Neto,Germano H.; Pinheiro,Tamaris G.; Pinho,Nelsina G. C.
In this study different sampling techniques for Diplopoda in soil, tree trunks and canopies were applied in an integrated way in the northern region of the Pantanal of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This was done in order to assess the relationship within the fauna in each forest strata, as well as its richness and temporal distribution. In all these habitats there were a total of 1,354 diplopods, distributed in four taxonomic orders, with Polyxenida being predominant over Polydesmida, Spirostreptida and Spirobolida. The largest representation was found on the trunks of the Vochysia divergens (721 ind.), intercepted by tree photoecletors, whereas in the canopies sampling reached only 65 specimens. In the edaphic stratum 568 diplopods were captured, most with the use...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diplopoda; Ecology; Stratification; Wetlands.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702009000300012

An assessment of the factors determining rotifer assemblage in river-lake systems: the effects of seasonality and habitat
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Serafim-Júnior,Moacyr; Perbiche-Neves,Gilmar; Lansac-Tôha,Fabio A.
ABSTRACT Zooplankton exhibit several trends of variation in space and time, and these trends can be more evident in natural environments without anthropic perturbations. Examples of anthropic factors are climate change, eutrophication and construction of reservoirs. This study evaluated the influence of three factors - seasonality, type of environment and the presence of aquatic macrophytes - on various ecological attributes of rotifers in a river-lake system located in the Paraná River floodplain. Monthly samplings were conducted during 1993 and 1994. The mean species richness per sample was 60 species. The seasonality and the type of environment influenced the ecological attributes of rotifer assemblages, while the presence or absence of aquatic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Limnology; Rotifera; Upper Paraná River floodplain.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702019000100305

Geographical variation in the reproduction and sexual dimorphism of the Boddaert's tropical racer, Mastigodryas boddaerti (Serpentes: Colubridae)
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Siqueira,Débora M.; Nascimento,Loana P.; Montingelli,Giovanna G.; Santos-Costa,Maria Cristina dos.
We obtained data on time of sexual maturity, dimorphism, fecundity and on the reproductive cycle of Mastigodryas boddaerti (Sentzen, 1796) through the examination of 321 preserved specimens, of which 221 were collected in the Brazilian Amazon region and 100 in the Cerrado savannas of Central Brazil. The degree of sexual size dimorphism (snout-vent length, SVL) was significantly greater in the specimens from the Cerrado in comparison with those from the Amazon. Females had a significantly larger number of ventral scales, on average, whereas males had more sub-caudal scales. However, there was no intersexual difference in tail length or head width, although the heads of the males were significantly longer, which may reflect dietary differences. Breeding...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Ecology; Cerrado; Morphology; Population.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702013000500002

Flesh flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Sarcophaginae) from the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province, an approach to their ecology and distribution
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Valverde-Castro,César; Buenaventura,Eliana; Sánchez-Rodríguez,Juan David; Wolff,Marta.
ABSTRACT Sarcophaginae is the most diverse subfamily of Sarcophagidae with 51 genera and more than 1,800 species and it is widely distributed in the Neotropical Region. Sarcophaginae flies of forest, rural, and urban habitats of the seven departments comprising the Colombian Guajira biogeographic province were surveyed. Van Someren Rydon traps baited with fermented fruit, decomposing fish, and human feces were active for 72 hours with samples collected every 12 hours (day/night) between 2010 and 2014. A total of 14,223 sarcophagines (78% females and 22% males) were collected, which belong to 28 species of nine genera. Oxyvinia excisa (Lopes, 1950) is a new record for Colombia. The richest genera were Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 and Peckia...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Caribbean; Colombia; Ecology; Guajira province; Sarcophaginae.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702017000100333

Composition of shrimp populations (Crustacea: Decapoda) in non-vegetated areas of two river islands in a Brazilian Amazon estuary
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Nóbrega,Priscila Sousa Vilela da; Bentes,Bianca; Martinelli-Lemos,Jussara Moretto.
This study investigates the shrimp found in non-vegetated areas of an estuary of the Amazon River. We ascertained the input of juveniles, species' biometrics and the influence of environmental factors on the abundance of species. The samples were collected monthly, from August 2006 to July 2007, in two places in the estuary, each next to an island. For collecting, we used a manual trawl to perform three hauls per month, totaling 36 samples per site. The abundance of shrimps was estimated as a function of the density of specimens per unit area. We used the Spearman's correlation to test the hypothesis that there is significant correlation between the average of the environmental variables measured and variations in shrimp density. The Kruskal-Wallis and the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Palaemonidae; Penaeidae.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702013000600010

Sedimentary characteristics and their effects on hatching success and incubation duration of Caretta caretta (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Espirito Santo, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Fadini,Lauana Schneider; Silva,Ary Gomes; Ferreira-Júnior,Paulo Dias.
The beaches of Espírito Santo encompass the most important nesting sites of the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta (Linnaeus, 1758), in the South Atlantic Ocean. Previous research has shown that, unlike other nesting sites in Brazil, Espírito Santo harbors a large percentage of male individuals, which play an important role in maintaining the equilibrium of C. caretta populations in the South Atlantic. During the 2006/2007 reproductive season, four beaches presenting considerable geologic differences were monitored. The sedimentary features of the nesting sites (mineral composition, albedo, and grain size), nesting dates, and clutch sizes were correlated with hatching success and incubation duration. Results show that hatching success is mostly...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Loggerhead sea turtle; Ecology; Nest; Sediment; Hatchling.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702011000300005

Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (Cetacea: Delphinidae), in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex: insights on the use of area based on the photo-identification technique
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Santos,Marcos C. de O.; Oshima,Júlia E. de F.; Pacífico,Eduardo dos S.; Silva,Ednilson da.
The aim of the present study was to provide a preliminary description of habitat use by Guiana dolphins, Sotalia guianensis (Van Bénéden, 1864) in the Paranaguá Estuarine Complex (PEC), state of Paraná, Brazil. Approximately 124 km² were surveyed by small boat from April 2006 to July 2008 in the following subsets of the PEC: Canal do Superagui (~28 km²); Pinheiros Bay (~34 km²); part of Laranjeiras Bay, which included the Guaraqueçaba sub-estuary (~38 km²); and part of the Mixture Section of the PEC (~24 km²). Our efforts were unevenly distributed in the study area. During 55 survey days covering seven distinct seasons, we spent 165 hours observing 323 groups of S. guianensis. Group size varied from two individuals to aggregations as large as approximately...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Habitat use; Site fidelity; Cetaceans; Ecology.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702010000300002

Construction of arboreal nests by brown-nosed coatis, Nasua nasua (Carnivora: Procyonidae) in the Brazilian Pantanal
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Olifiers,Natalie; Bianchi,Rita de C.; Mourão,Guilherme de M.; Gompper,Matthew E.
The construction of arboreal nests is rare among mammals in the order Carnivora. However, coatis (Procyonidae: Nasua Storr, 1780) build arboreal nests that are used for resting or birthing. Here we describe Nasua nasua (Linnaeus, 1766) nests located during a telemetry study of coatis in the Brazilian Pantanal. Coati nests were all "bird-like", that is, open nests having a semispherical shape. Nests were constructed of twigs, branches, and lianas sometimes interlaced with leaves. Nest volume was 30-50 cm³ and average nest height was approximately 9.5 m. Nests were found in open "cerrado" vegetation, along forest edges, or in interior "cordilheiras" forest. The reasons why coatis build such nests are unclear, but may relate to inter or intraspecific...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Mammals; Ecology; Neotropical.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702009000300023

Yes, they can! Three-banded armadillos Tolypeutes sp. (Cingulata: Dasypodidae) dig their own burrows
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Attias,Nina; Miranda,Flávia R.; Sena,Liana M.M.; Tomas,Walfrido M.; Mourão,Guilherme M.
ABSTRACT It is believed that the two species of Tolypeutes Illiger, 1811are the only armadillos that do not dig their own burrows, and that these species simply re-use burrows dug by other species. Here, we show that Tolypeutes matacus (Desmarest, 1804) and Tolypeutes tricinctus (Linnaeus, 1758) dig their own burrows. We describe the burrows and three other types of shelters used by them, and provide measurements and frequency of use of the different types of shelter. We have studied free-ranging individuals of T. matacus in two locations in Central Brazil and individuals of T. tricinctus in semi-captivity in the Northeast of Brazil. Individuals of T. matacus were found primarily in small burrows (76%), straw nests (13%), shallow depressions covered with...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Digging behavior; Ecology; Xenarthra.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702016000404001

Morphology of the shell of Happiella cf. insularis (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Systrophiidae) from three forest areas on Ilha Grande, Southeast Brazil
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Barbosa,Amilcar Brum; Santos,Sonia Barbosa dos.
We conducted a study on shell morphology variation among three populations of Happiella cf. insularis (Boëttger, 1889) inhabiting different areas (Jararaca, Caxadaço, and Parnaioca trails) at Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Angra dos Reis, state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Linear and angular measurements, shell indices representing shell shape, and whorl counts were obtained from images drawn using a stereomicroscope coupled with a camera lucida. The statistical analysis based on ANOVA (followed by Bonferroni's test), Pearson's correlation matrix, and discriminant analysis enabled discrimination among the populations studied. The variable that most contributed to discriminate among groups was shell height. Mean shell height was greatest for specimens collected...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conchology; Discriminant analysis; Ecology; Morphometry; Threatened biome.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702014000300004

Approaches to capturing the Black and White Tegu Salvator merianae (Squamata: Teiidae)
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Vieira,Renata C.; Oliveira,Arthur S. de; Fagundes,Nelson J.R.; Verrastro,Laura.
ABSTRACT The use of traps is extremely important in several types of ecological studies, and may assist in the capture of individuals in areas that are difficult to access. In the present study, we compared the effectiveness of wooden (Schramm) versus "Tomahawk" traps to capture Salvator merianae (Duméril &amp; Bibron, 1839) lizards. The study was conducted in Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Field data were collected from August 2013 to March 2015, during the reproductive period of the species. The study involved two types of baited traps: i) "Tomahawk", made of galvanized steel; and ii) Schramm, a wooden trap. The capture rate of the Schramm wooden traps was 1.63 individuals/day, and of the "Tomahawk" was 0.36 individuals/day. These results...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Capture; Ecology; Traps; Tomahawk.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702015000400317

Reproduction and diet of Imantodes cenchoa (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae) from the Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 103
Autores: Sousa,Kellen R. M. de; Prudente,Ana Lúcia C.; Maschio,Gleomar F.
Imantodes cenchoa (Linnaeus, 1758) is distributed from the east coast of Mexico to Argentina. In Brazil, it occurs in the north, central-west and northeast regions. We present information on the reproductive biology and diet of I. cenchoa from analysis of 314 specimens deposited in the Herpetological Collection of the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MPEG). Imantodes cenchoa displays sexual dimorphism in the snout-vent length, where sexually mature females are larger than mature males (t = 4.02, p &lt; 0.01; N males = 150, N females = 71), head length (f1.218 = 98.29, p &lt; 0.01; N males = 150, N females = 71), and head width (f1.218 = 112.77, p &lt; 0.01, N males = 150; N females = 71). Bi-sexual maturity is observed, with males becoming sexually mature...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Natural history; Neotropical; Snakes.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702014000100002

Recent developments in nucleic acid based techniques for use in rumen manipulation
Provedor de dados: 96
Autores: McSweeney,Christopher; Kang,Seungha; Gagen,Emma; Davis,Carl; Morrison,Mark; Denman,Stuart.
Nucleic acid-based techniques which can be used to characterise complex microbial communities without incubation are now being employed regularly in ruminant nutrition studies. Conventional culture-based methods for enumerating rumen microorganisms (bacteria, archaea, protozoa, and fungi) have been superseded and are now used mainly to obtain pure isolates of novel organisms and reference strains that are required for the development and validation of the nucleic acid approaches. These reference strains are also essential for physiological studies of the lifestyle of the organisms as well as sources of genomic DNA and RNA that can be analysed for functional gene activity. The foundation of the molecular ecology techniques is 16S/18S rDNA sequence analysis...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Functional analysis; Microbial; Molecular; Ribosomal; Rumen.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982009001300034

The involvement of naturalists: Introduction to the Special Feature "Applying ecology"
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: CAMUS,PATRICIO A.
This article firstly introduces the Special Feature "Applying Ecology", addressing the use of ecological information for dealing with conservation and environmental problems in Chile. This is part of a series of special features in Revista Chilena de Historia Natural, intended for exploring the contribution of naturalists in making sound decisions in social-environmental planning. However, the low involvement of Chilean biologists has become a factor potentially affecting the quality of environmental decisions and policies, and increasing the chance of unwanted results, which raises some open questions about ethics. In such a context, the second part of the article analyzes the issue of involvement from different perspectives, considering its causes and...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Conservation biology; Ecology; Ethics; Occupational identity; Society.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2011000200001

Avian influenza: Eco-epidemiological aspects of the virus in its natural hosts, the migratory waterfowls
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: MONTALVO-CORRAL,MARICELA; REYES-LEYVA,JULIO; HERNÁNDEZ,JESÚS.
Avian influenza viruses produce mainly respiratory and intestinal diseases. Their relevance in the generation of pandemic strains has led to a large amount of research to understand their distribution in nature, as well as the relations that become established for the effective transmission among different hosts. Waterfowl have been recognized as their natural reservoir and they play an important role in the propagation and generation of the diversity of these viruses. The emergence of new influenza viruses with pandemic potential among the human population (H5N1 of avian origin or recombinant H1N1 with avian segments) point our lack of information on many aspects of the ecology and epidemiology of these viruses in their natural hosts to enable the...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Avian influenza; Ecology; Epidemiology; Migratory birds.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2010000400008

Danko Brncic and the flower-flies
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: CARSON,HAMPTON L.
This is a personal essay commemorating Brncic as a keen naturalist/evolutionist in the best Darwinian sense. His innate curiosity, so important in a scientist, led him to the discovery of cenain unique drosophilid flies in Chile. The life cycle of one species of flower-fly (Drosophila flavopilosa) is of special interest. Females oviposit in fresh flowers of a solanaceous plant that is widespread in Chilean valleys. Twenty years of combined ecological and genetic work, carried out on this species, pioneers the use of a highly specialized Drosophila species in the study of population genetics and evolution. Many eco-genetic features are revealed that are important supplements to observations made on the widely-studied generalist species of the genus
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Flower-breeding Drosophila; Genetic specialization; Ecology; Population genetics; Evolution.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2001000000008

Population density and reproduction of two Peruvian leaf-eared mice (Phyllotis spp.)
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: ARANA,MARGARITA; RAMÍREZ,OSWALDO; SANTA MARÍA,SERGIO; KUNIMOTO,CESAR; VELARDE,RODRIGO; DE LA CRUZ,CECILIA; RUÍZ,MARíA LUISA.
Population density and reproduction were studied in two leaf-eared mice (Phyllotis spp.) in the Peruvian locality known as Lomas de Lachay. Density varied between 0-3 individuals ha-1 in P. andium, and between 0-12 individuals ha-1 in P. amicus. An annual cycle of population abundance was observed in both species. Phyllotis amicus showed no seasonal reproductive activity, but P. andium had seasonal reproduction with pregnant females principally observed between July and September. Differences in juvenile weight were related to litter size. It is likely that two young was the optimal litter size in the harsh and seasonal xeric environment of Lomas de Lachay. Our results suggest that P. amicus maintains low, highly dispersed populations in a harsh...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Phyllotis; Rodents; Population; Desert.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2002000400010

Is natural history really dead?: Toward the rebirth of natural history
Provedor de dados: 97
Autores: WILLSON,MARY F; ARMESTO,JUAN J.
In recent years natural history has been derided by some scientists as an old-fashion endeavor that does not follow the model of "hard" science and therefore should be considered "dead" and replaced by modern ecology, evolutionary biology, and conservation biology. We contend that natural history has much to offer to contemporary scientists and that it has a primary role in the creative process of generating novel hypotheses and designing significant field experiments and observations
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Naturalists; Biologists; Basic science.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2006000200013

Biogeographical and ecological comments on "A new Neotropical species of the genus Parochlus Enderlein, 1912 (Chironomidae: Podonominae) and new distribution in Argentina" by Rodríguez et al. 2009
Provedor de dados: 99
Autores: Donato,Mariano; Posadas,Paula.
Rodríguez et al. (2009) described a new species of the Podonominae genus Parochlus Enderlein. Several aspects of the abovementioned contribution concerning ecological and biogeographical aspects are discussed. The new temperature range proposed by the authors for this species is weakly supported by evidence and should be interpreted as tentative. The statement that this new record occurred in the Monte biogeographic province is erroneous. The type locality of the new species belongs to the Chacoan biogeographic province.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Parochlus; Neotropics; Biogeography; Ecology; Pupal exuvia.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0373-56802010000100014

Uma nova espécie de cestóide proteocefalídeo, Monticellia belavistensis, sp.n., parasita de Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes) (Pisces, Doradidae), do reservatório de Itaipu e rio Paraná, Paraná, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Pavanelli,Gilberto C; Machado,Marion H; Takemoto,Ricardo M; dos Santos,Leonilda C.
In the present paper the authors describe and illustrate a new species of proteocephalidean cestode, Monticellia belavistensis, sp.n., parasite of a freshwater siluriform fish (thorny catfish). Pterodoras granulosus (Valenciennes, 1833), from the Itaipu Reservoir and Paraná River, in the region of Porto Rico. This is the first reference of a proteocephalid in this host. The values of prevalence and mean intensity of infection are given and the life cycle is discussed.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Proteocephalidea; Monticellia belavistensis; New species; Pterodoras granulosus; Paraná River; Ecology; Fish.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751994000400001

Criadouros de imaturos de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) introduzidos em mata preservada na área urbana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Silva,Mario Antonio Navarro da; Lozovei,Ana Leuch.
Mosquitoes ecological features were studied in a preserved forest - Capão da Imbuia - placed in the urban area of Curitiba City, Paraná, Brasil. In this research were noted immature forms in artificial recipients made by different materiais. Five species were found in this recipients: Culex (Culex) acharistus Root, 1927, Culex (Culex) group coronator Dyar &amp;amp; Kanb, 1906, Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal &amp;amp; Garcia, 1968, Culex (Culex) quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 and Toxorhynchites (Lynchiella) theobaldi (Dyar &amp;amp; Kanb, 1906). It's very important to know the mosquitoes that in urban area due they carry human desease agents by some species.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Culicidae; Artificial recipients; Ecology.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751996000400021

Ecological relationships between feather mites (Acari) and wild birds of Emberizidae (Aves) in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Lyra-Neves,Rachel M. de; Farias,Ângela M. Isidro de; Telino-Júnior,Wallace R.
The objective of this study was to investigate feather mites on birds of the Family Emberizidae, to collect data on the ecological ectoparasite-host relationship and infestation level. A sum of 94 birds of 9 species was captured at the Refúgio Ecológico Charles Darwin, Igarassú, Pernambuco, Brazil, from August 1996 to July 1997. Five genera of mites from the superfamily Analgoidea were identified: Analges Nitzsch, 1818; Mesalgoides Gaud &amp;amp; Atyeo, 1967; Pterodectes Robin, 1877; Proctophyllodes Robin, 1877 and Trouessartia Canestrini, 1899. Among the 94 birds examined, 92 (97,87%) were infested. Regarding the prevalence, it was observed that the genera with higher percentage were, respectively, Pterodectes (88,04%), Proctophyllodes (56,52%) and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Analgoidea; Ecology; Infestation; Passeriformes.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752003000300019

Morcegos cavernícolas da região do Distrito Federal, centro-oeste do Brasil (Mammalia, Chiroptera)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Bredt,Angelika; Uieda,Wilson; Magalhães,Edvard Dias.
Between 1989 and 1995, twenty caves in the Distrito Federal area in mid-western Brazil were assessed for bat species richness, frequency, spatial distribution, behavior, reproduction and inter-specific cohabitation. The general state of conservation of the caves was also assessed. Of the 20 caves studied, 12 were less than 100 m long, five between 100 m and 300 m, and three were longerthan 300 m. Twenty-two species of six different families were observed: 16 species belonged to Phyllostomidae, two to Vespertilionidae and Mormoopidae and one to Furipteridae and Emballonuridae. In this study, 17 species were characterized as Distrito Federal cave dwellers. The most prevalent were Desmodus rotundus, Glossophaga soricina and Carollia perspicillata. The least...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Mammalia; Ecology; Behavior; Cave bats communities; Conservation; Neotropical region.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751999000300012

Atratividade de diferentes iscas e sua relação com as fases de desenvolvimento ovariano em calliphoridae e sarcophagidae (insecta, diptera)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: d'Almeida,José Mario; Lima,Silvana Ferreira.
Attrativeness of differents baits (fish, faeces and banana) upon ovarian development fases of Calliphoridae and Sarcophagidae was evaluated. The insects were captured in Distrito Federal (urban area) and Rio de Janeiro city (beach, zoological garden, urban area and Tijuca forest). The most frequent species captured were: Calliphoridae - Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius, 1794) 78,9% and Chtysomya puloria (Wiedemann, 1818) 5,4% - and Sarcophagidae - Sarcophagula Wulp, 1887 2,3% and Peckya chrysostoma (Wiedemann. 1830) 2,2%. Fish was more attractive to females of Calliphoridae flies in intense ovarian vitelogenesis, although banana atracted more flies with mature eggs. Faeces and fish were more atractive for Sarcophagidae in the beggining of vitelogenesis.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diptera; Ovarian development; Flies bitnomics; Ecology.
Ano: 1994
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751994000200001

Composição de gastrópodes terrestres em duas áreas do Centro de Estudos Ambientais e Desenvolvimento Sustentado (CEADS), Vila Dois Rios, Ilha Grande, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: um estudo-piloto
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Santos,Sonia Barbosa dos; Monteiro,Daniele Pedrosa.
A survey of the Ilha Grande land snails was carried out in order to compare the diversity and similarity among two regions of secondary Atlantic Rain Forest. The diversity was estimated using the richness and the equitatibility; the alpha diversity was calculated using the Simpson index (γ). The Sörensen and Jaccard indexes were used to calculate the similarity. A quantitative survey of two 600 m² area, one in each studied region, recorded 336 individuals snails distributed in 23 species and 13 families. The region with more altered secondary forest showed higher richness (17) and diversity (γ = 3,6) than the region more preserved (richness = 14; γ = 2,78), but, the same equitatibility (0,20). The similarity was medium by Jaccard index (IJ = 0,52) and low...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Terrestrial gastropods; Diversity; Ecology; Rio de Janeiro; Brazil.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752001000500014

Plasticidade alimentar em Rivulus pictus Costa (Osteichthtyes, Cyprinodontiformes, Rivulidae) de uma pequena lagoa em Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Shibatta,Oscar Akio; Bennemann,Sirlei Terezinha.
Rivulus pictus has a wide distribution in Distrito Federal and lives in different environments, including small lakes. The analysis of gastric and intestinal contents showed that most of the 21 ingested food items were from autochthonous origin and characterized the diet of an omnivorous fish with a trend to planktivory. Five feeding items were important in the composition of the alimentary spectrum and revealed that food resources are explored near water surface (Acari), in the water column (Copepoda, Cladocera and Closterium sp.) and also in the bottom (Chironomidae). The varied diet and the capacity to explore all levels of the environment evidenced that feeding flexibility is one of the factors that facilitates the survival of this species in different...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diet; Feeding spectrum; Ecology.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752003000400009

Seasonal and daily patterns of group size, cohesion and activity of the estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (P.J. van Bénéden) (Cetacea, Delphinidae), in southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Daura-Jorge,Fábio G.; Wedekin,Leonardo L.; Piacentini,Vítor de Q.; Simões-Lopes,Paulo C.
The resident population of estuarine dolphin, Sotalia guianensis (P.J. van Bénéden, 1864), in Norte Bay, Santa Catarina, southern Brazil, was studied from 2000 to 2003. Systematic one-day cruises were undertaken aboard a 5 m sail boat equipped with an outboard motor. Applying the focal-group method, information such as geographical position, predominant behavioural patterns, group size, cohesion index and the presence of calves, were registered at every five-minute interval, totalling 198 hours of direct observation of the dolphins. The estuarine dolphin used preferential areas for each behavioural pattern. The mean group size was approximately 29 individuals, and the presence of calves occurred throughout the entire year, but with a significant increase...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Behaviour; Ecology; Group organization; Norte Bay; Temporal patterns.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752005000400029

Community ecology in bees: relative importance of rare and common species in some Holarctic and Neotropical sites
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Laroca,Sebastião.
Data on relative importance of rare and common bee species in some holarctic and neotropical limited sites are presented. The density distribution patterns in samples from all analyzed assemblages is characterized by a relatively large number of species represented by few individuals and few species with large number of individuals, as in most animal communities.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Community; Neotropical-bees; Holarctic-bees.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751992000100014

Dolphin interactions with the mullet artisanal fishing on Southern Brazil: a qualitative and quantitative approach
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Simões-Lopes,Paulo C.; Fabián,Marta E.; Menegheti,João O.
A detailed analysis of the interactions between Tursiops truncatus (Montagu, 1821) and the artisanal fishing of mullets (Mugil spp.) is presented at two localities in the south of Brazil: Laguna (Santa Catarina) and Inibé/Tramandaí (Rio Grande do Sul). Its behavioral strategies and the advantages of their association are re-described and quantified based on the success of the capture and on the selectivity of the prey sizes. The mullets are the main resource involved (92% to 75%) both at numerical level and as biomass. Twenty individuals of Tursiops truncatus participated in the interactions in Laguna and 9 in Imbé/Tramandaí. The participation and learning of calves is also reported.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Cetacea; Delphinidae; Tursiops truncatus; Ecology; Behavior; Artisanal fishery.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751998000300016

Influence of the type of environment and of the hydrological level variation in endoparasitic infrapopulations of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Agassiz) and Schizodon borelli (Boulenger) (Osteichthyes) of the high Paraná River, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Machado,Marion H; Pavanelli,Gilberto C; Takemoto,Ricardo M.
One hundred and ten specimens of Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Agassiz, 1829) (Pimelodidae), "pintado", and 582 specimens of Schizodon borelli (Boulenger, 1900) (Anostomidae), "piava", collected in the floodplain of the high Paraná River were analyzed. P. corruscans presented 74.54% of parasitism while S. borelli presented 19.42%. Results of the present research show that in the case of P. corruscans, two species of proteocephalideans presented a significant relationship with the type of environment with regard to prevalence. Spasskyelina spinulifera (Woodland, 1935) was the only species that presented a relationship between the intensity of infection and the environment. In S. borelli only Cucullanus pinnai Travassos. Artigas &amp;amp; Pereira, 1928...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Endohelminths; Freshwater fish; Environment.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751995000400023

Distribuição mensal dos peixes mais representativos da Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Andreata,José V; Marca,Alex G; Soares,Cláudio L; Santos,Rubens da S.
From the results obtained in four years of monthly fish sampling and salinity and temperature verification of Lagoa Rodrigo de Freitas lagoon, an analysis of the monthly capture distribution of the nine most representative species, Brevoortia áurea (Spix, 1829), B. pectinata (Jenyns, 1842), Genidens genidens (Valenciennes, 1839), Geophagus brasiliensis (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard, 1824), Cerres aprion Cuvier, 1829, Jenynsia lineaía (Jenyns, 1842), Mugil liza (Valenciennes, 1836), Poecilia vivipara (Bloch &amp;amp; Schneider, 1801) and Xenomelani-ris brasiliensis (Quoy &amp;amp; Gaimard, 1824) was performed. The results show that Lagoa waters have an average salinity of 11.06% during the sampling period. Temperature showed its highest values from November to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fishes; Ecology; Rodrigo de Freitas Lagoon; Brazil.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751997000100013

Ecological and reproductive aspects of Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brasil-Sato &amp;amp; Pavanelli (Eoacanthocephala, Neoechinorhynchidae) of Pimelodus maculatus Lacépède (Siluroidei, Pimelodidae) of the São Francisco River, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Brasil-Sato,Marília de C.; Pavanelli,Gilberto C.
Ecological and reproductive aspects of Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi Brasil-Sato &amp;amp; Pavanelli, 1998, in Pimelodus maculatus Lacépède, 1803 collected in the São Francisco river during periods of drought (July 1995 and 1996) and floodings (January 1996 and 1997) of this river basin are provided. In tropical regions where the amount of rainfall alters the hydrological regimen of limnological systems water temperature has not had an important role in infections of N. pimelodi in P. maculatus. Prevalence was somewhat higher during drought periods. Intensity of infection varied slightly between collecting periods. Mature male and female acanthocephalans were present in all periods. Females were predominant. Mature females were present in higher numbers...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Acanthocephala; Neoechinorhynchus pimelodi; Pimelodus maculatus; Ecology; Reproduction.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751999000100002

Estudo ecológico e zoogeográfico sobre a fauna de lagartos (Sauria) das dunas de Natal, Rio Grande do Norte e da Restinga de Ponta de Campina, Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Freire,Eliza Maria Xavier.
An inventory of the fauna of lizards was made in the dunes of Natal (Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) and in the "restingas" (sandbanks with its associated vegetation) of Ponta de Campina (Cabedelo, Paraíba, Brazil) from October/84 to March/86. The objective was to know the composition and structure of these communities as well as to evaluate the zoogeographical importance of the spots. The samples were collected and the observations were made along of transects which were established to enable the sampling of the habitats under study in both areas. Each transect was crossed one day per month, during 14 months. The collect of lizards was made manually or through the use of a small gun, calibre 22, with ammunition of the type mustard lead. Observations were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sauria; Lizards; Ecology; Restinga; Brazil.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751996000400012

Ocorrência e diversidade de ácaros (Acari, Arachnida) associados a Tabebuia roseo-alba (Ridl.) Sand (Bignoniaceae), no município de São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Feres,Reinaldo José Fazzio; Bellini,Marcos Roberto; Rossa-Feres,Denise de Cerqueira.
This study reports the mite fauna associated with Tabebuia roseo-alba, a native and ornamental tree, determining the abundance and seasonal occurrence of species and the diversity of the community. Twenty three species were found belonging to 11 families, 10 of predatory habits and five phytophagous. The food habits of the eight remaining species are not known. Besides the great richness, the diversity was small, as consequence of the dominance of Lorryia formosa Cooreman, 1958 and Aculus sp., the most abundant species. These species occurred in the same microhabitat but with seasonal segregation: L. formosa was the most abundant in the dry season, while Aculus sp. occurred only in the rainy season. In August, when the plant lost its leaves, the following...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Acari; Bignoniaceae; Biodiversity; Ecology; Mites; Tabebuia roseo-alba.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752003000300002

Efeito da densidade populacional sobre as curvas de crescimento de Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man) em cultivo semi-intensivo (Crustacea, Palaemonidae)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Valenti,Wagner Cotroni; Mello,Jeanette de Toledo Cardoso de; Castagnolli,Newton.
In this article the length growth curves of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (De Man, 1879) held in different population densities were analysed. Postlarvae prawns were stocked into five 0,02 ha earthen ponds at densities of 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 ind./m² during six months. Forthnightly, the mean total length of animals from each pond were obtained by means of random samples. For each population the length growth curves and the instantaneous growth rate expressions were determined. The growth rate and the asymptotic maximum length decreased with the stocking density raised. This effect is greater when the density ranges in low levels. The growth decrease can be due to intraspecific competition for life resources and to negative interactions between individuals, as...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Crustacea; Palaemonidae; Macrobrachium rosenbergii; Ecology.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751993000300009

Duração do período ninfal e sobrevivência do predador Podisus connexivus Bergroth (Hemiptera, Pentatomidae), em três presas alternativas
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Zanuncio,José Cola; Leite,Joaquim Efigênio M; Alves,João Batista; Santos,Germi Porto.
Longevity and survival of the predator Podisus connexivus (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) were studied in three alternative preys: T1 - Bombyx mori (Lepidoptera, Bombycidae) catterpilars; T2 - Musca domestica (Diptera, Muscidae) larva and T3 - Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larva. Longevity and survival were: 22,1±0,6 days and 54,3±5,3%; 25,2±1,3 days and 56,0±4,9% and 22,0±0,8 days and 34,6±8,6%, for treatments T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Comparing to other researches, a lower survival was found. This is probably because a F2 generation from field material, was used. Since the insect was not well adapted to the laboratory conditions this could have led to lower survival.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Hemiptera; Pentatomidae; Podisus connexivus; Ecology.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751993000200010

Schizocordulia gen. nov. related to Aeschnosom Selys with description of the female and additional data on the male of Schizocordulia rustica (Selys) comb. nov. (Odonata, Corduliidae)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Machado,Angelo B.M.
The monotypical genus Schizocordulia is created for Schizocordulia rustica (Selys, 1871) comb. nov. known from a single male from Bahia, Brazil lacking the anal appendages. The female is described and the redescription of the male made by GEIJKES (1970) is completed by the description and illustration of the penis, the anal appendages and the pilose plate. The main characters separating the new genus from the closely related Aeschnosoma Selys, 1870 are the bifid male inferior appendage, the very long internal branch of the hamulus, the presence of a pilose plate on the male 7th abdominal segment, and the large and complex valvula vulvae of the female. The study was based on 33 males and 2 females, which allowed an evaluation of the intraspecific variations...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Brazil; Behavior; Ecology; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752005000300040

Use of space and temporal distribution of Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus in the region of Sagi, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil (Sirenia, Trichechidae)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Paludo,Danielle; Langguth,Alfredo.
The marine manatee Trichechus manatus manatus Linnaeus, 1758 is endangered in the Brazilian Atlantic coast due to indiscriminate hunting practiced in the past, and to the low reproductive rate of the species. This work studies its use of space and temporal occurrence in the coastal area of Sagi, Northeastern Brazil. Daily observations from the beach of the animals in the sea were made during daytime from 1990 through 1993. The presence of reefs covered with marine algae is a determinant factor in the occurrence of the manatee. They were sighted feeding on algae that grow over the reefs close to beaches that were of high energy during high tide. The range used by manatees shifted according to tide. They occur in depths of 0.4 to 3.8 m; the distance from the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sirenia; Trichechus manatus manatus; Manatee; Temporal distribution; Northeastern Brazil; Ecology.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752002000100019

Ecologia de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) em criadouros naturais e artificiais de área rural do norte do Parana, Brasil: II. Coletas com isca humana
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Lopes,José; Lozovei,Ana L.
With then purpose of knowing the species of mosquitos that colonize an anthropogenic area in the North of Paraná, Brazil. 1496 specimens were captured by the humam bait method, accountig 23 species among them the following were predominam: Anopheles strodei Root, 1926; An. evansae Brethes, 1926; An. galvaoi Causey, Deane &amp;amp; Deane, 1943; An. albitarsis Lynch Arribalzaga, 1878; Coquillettidea juxtamansonia Chagas, 1907; Co. venezuelensis Theobaldi, 1912; Culex (Melanoconion) sp. e Aedes fluviatilis (Lutz, 1904) and showed shong anthopophilia and a high degree of adaptation to humam environment. On the cantray, the species that showed lilth adaptation to such ambients or to the geoclimatic conditions of the region were: Anopheles triannulatus (Neiva...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Culicidae; Ecology; Human bait; Behaviour feeding; Population fluctuation.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751996000300007

Mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) das regiões de Pendotiba e oceânica de Niterói (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Souza,Alexandre Santos de; Oliveira,Sebastião José de; Couri,Márcia Souto.
Female mosquitoes (Culicidae) were collected in human bait weekly between March 1997 to February 1998, in three different areas of the oceanic region of Niterói city, Rio de Janeiro State, in southeastern coast of Brazil. The results indicated the presence of 16 species: Anopheles aquasalis, Aedes scapularis, A. taeniorhynchus, A. albopictus, A. aegypti, Haemagogus leucocelaenus, Psorophora ferox, P. conffinis, P. cingulata, Culex quinquefasciatus, C. nigripalpus, Coquillettidia venezuelensis, Uranotaenia calosomata, Limatus durhami, Weyomyia oblita and Phoniomyia sp. A statistical analysis between monthly female frequencies and temperature, air humidity and precipitation monthly indices was done, using Sperman correlation in Statistica 4.2 program. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diptera; Culicidae; Ecology; Niterói; Rio de Janeiro.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752001000200027

First report of five nematode species in Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus (Aves, Galliformes, Phasianidae) in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Pinto,Roberto Magalhães; Menezes,Rodrigo Caldas; Gomes,Delir Corrêa.
This paper deals with the first report of the nematodes Dispharynx nasuta (Rudolphi, 1819) Stiles &amp;amp; Hassall, 1920, Gongylonema ingluvicola Ransom, 1904, Oxyspirura mansoni (Cobbold, 1879) Ransom, 1904, Subulura brumpti (Lopez-Neyra, 1922) Cram, 1923 and Tetrameres fissipina (Diesing, 1860) Travassos, 1914, parasitizing the ring-necked pheasant, Phasianus colchicus Linnaeus, 1758 in Brazil. Morphological data on the parasites as well as on the prevalence, mean intensity, mean abundance and range of intensity of the nematodes in the infected birds are provided.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Birds; Ecology; Helminths; Morphology.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752004000400034

Dados ecológicos dos quirópteros da Reserva Volta Velha, Itapoá, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Sipinski,Elenise A. Bastos; Reis,Nélio Roberto dos.
A study on the ecology of Chiroptera was made at the Reserve of Volta Velha on the Northern coast of Santa Catarina. This study aimed at knowing the frequency of the individuals colleeted in each season, part of their feeding diet and their time of activity as well as their breeding activity. The investigation was carried out from March, 1990 to February, 1991 by means of periodical captures which ocurred during four days each month totalizing 144 hours of net use. One hundred and thirty-five individuals belonging to 15 different species were caught. Sturnira lilium (Geoffroy, 1810), Artibeus lituratus (Olfers, 1818) and Myotis nigricans (Schinz, 1821) were captured in the highest number throughout the seasons of the year. Fruit-eating bats confirm their...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chiroptera; Ecology; Bats; Atlantic forest; Brazil.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751995000300006

Ecologia de pequenos mamíferos silvestres da Mata Atlântica, Brasil: I. ciclos reprodutivos de Akodon cursor, Nectomys squamipes e Oryzomys nigripes (Rodentia, Cricetinae)
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Pereira,Luiz Antonio; Chagas,Walker André; Costa,Josete Esteves da.
In this work are determined the productive periods and the number of fixed embryos/pregnancy in the species of non-flying small mammals in four different stages of regeneration of the Atlantic Forest in Silva Jardim and Casimiro de Abreu (Rio de Janeiro). Akodon cursor, Neclomys squamipes and Oryzomys nigripes showed repeated oestrus in all seasons. To A. cursor the average number in ten parturitions was of 3.6 youngs; in six parturitions N. squamipes and O. nigripes it was of 3.5 and 4.0 youngs, respectively. In these three species, the embryos fixed rather in the right horn of the uterus.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Rodentia; Cricetinae; Atlantic forest; Ecology.
Ano: 1993
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751993000300003

Observações preliminares sobre a frugivoria por aves em Alchornea glandulosa (Endl. &amp;amp; Poepp.) (Euphorbiaceae) em vegetação secundária
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Zimmermann,Carlos Eduardo.
An individual of Alchornea glandulos a (Endl. &amp;amp; Poepp.) was observed in Blumenau (26º55'26", S49º03'22"W), Santa Catarina State on the border of secondary Atlantic Rain Forest from september to november belween 1990 and 1991, with the goal of identifying species of birds with potential to spread out its seeds. In twelve hours of observation 21 species of birds explorcd the seeds.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Birds; Sed; Dispersai; Ecology.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751996000300001

Some aspects of the ecology of fish larvae in the floodplain of the high Paraná river, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Baumgartner,Gilmar; Nakatani,Keshiyu; Cavicchioli,Maristela; Baumgartner,Maria do Socorro Tenório.
The spatial and temporal distribution and nychthemeral variation of fish larvae in six stations (Ivinhema, Patos, Paraná, Cortado, Baía and Guaraná) in the floodplain of the high Paraná river are provided. The paper also provides the relationship of this distribution to some environmental factors. From March 1992 to February 1993 ichthyoplanktonic samples were collected by conic cylindrical nets, with 0.5mm of mesh size and fluxometer attached, in 10-minute hauls at the surface and bottom during nychthemeral cycles. At the same time water samples were taken to determine environmental factors. During the above period 5,672 larvae were collected: 57,6% from Cortado station and 13,2% from Ivinhema and Paraná stations. The greatest densities were recorded...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fish larvae; Ecology; Distribution; Floodplain; Paraná river.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81751997000300005

Comunidade de mosquitos (Diptera, Culicidae) em recipientes antrópicos introduzidos em área rural e urbana da região metropolitana de Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil
Provedor de dados: 104
Autores: Calado,Daniéla C.; Silva,Mário Antônio Navarro da.
Immature stages of Culicidae were collected in artificial containers in three conditions, between November 1997 and November 1998, in the rural area of São José dos Pinhais, Paraná, Brazil. Eight species were identified: Culex (Culex) eduardoi Casal &amp;amp; Garcia, 1968, Culex (Culex) acharistus Root, 1927, Culex (Culex) group coronator, Culex (Lutzia) bigoti Bellardi, 1962, Aedes (Protomacleaya) terrens (Walker, 1856), Limatus durhamii Theobald, 1901, Txorhynchites theobaldi (Dyar &amp;amp; Knab, 1906) and Phoniomyia sp. The Berger &amp;amp; Parker index was obtained for each condition and kind of container. These results were compared with those of Silva &amp;amp; Lozovei (1996) in the urban area of Curitiba. A greater number of species was observed in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Culicidae; Artificial containers; Ecology.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752001000500003

Diatoms from the Colombian Amazon: some species of the genus Eunotia (Bacillariophyceae)
Provedor de dados: 36
Autores: SALA,Silvia Estela; DUQUE,Santiago R.; NÚÑEZ-AVELLANEDA,Marcela; LAMARO,Anabel Alejandra.
This research was carried out in three of the most important basins of the Colombian Amazon (Upper Solimões, Iça and Japurá Rivers). The creeks and lakes that were studied contain abundant diatom species, particularly those of the genus Eunotia. Ten species are described; five of them are registered for the first time in the Amazon basin, and six in all of Colombia. All taxa were photographed with scanning electron microscopy. Fine valve morphology of E. anamargariate, E. pseudoindica, E. triodon, and E. zydodon var. compacta is described for the first time.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diatoms; Eunotia; Distribution; Ecology; Colombian Amazon Basin.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672002000400589

Effects of forest structure components on the occurence, group size and density of groups of bare-face tamarin (Saguinus bicolor - primates: Callitrichinae) in Central Amazonia
Provedor de dados: 36
Autores: Vidal,Marcelo Derzi; Cintra,Renato.
This study analyzed the influence of forest structural components on the occurence, size and density of groups of Bare-face Tamarin (Saguinus bicolor) - the most threatened species in the Amazon - and produced the first map of distribution of groups in large-scale spatial within the area of continuous forest. Population censuses were conducted between November 2002 and July 2003, covering 6400 hectares in the Ducke Reserve, Manaus-AM, Brazil. Groups of S. bicolor were recorded 41 times accordingly distributed in the environments: plateau (20); slopes (12); and lowlands (09). The mean group size was 4.8 indiv./group, and ranged from 2 to 11 individuals. In the sites where the groups were recorded, and in an equivalent number of sites where no tamarins were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Saguinus bicolor; Population; Ecology; Ducke Reserve; Threatened species.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672006000200014

The parasitism of Ixodes luciae (Acari: Ixodidae) on marsupials and rodents in Peruvian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 36
Autores: Díaz,María Mónica; Nava,Santiago; Guglielmone,Alberto Alejandro.
In this work the infestation with I. luciae on Didelphimorphia and Rodentia in different environments of Peruvian Amazon was studied. Didelphimorphia was represented by the family Didelphidae. Specimens belonging to Caluromys lanatus, Didelphis marsupialis, Marmosops sp.2, Metachirus nudicaudatus, Philander andersoni and Philander opossum were infested with adults I. luciae and one Micoureus sp. was infested with larvae. In Rodentia, the infestation with I. luciae nymphs was restricted to Hylaeamys perenensis, Hylaeamys yunganus and Oligoryzomys microtis, while one Oecomys bicolor (all Cricetidae) was infested with larvae of this species. The few larvae were found on rodents captured in primary forest. The only significant difference (P &lt; 0.05) in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ixodes luciae; Ecology; Didelphimorphia; Rodentia; Peruvian Amazon.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672009000400029

Fruits of the Amazonian Forest. Part II: Sapotaceae
Provedor de dados: 36
Autores: Marc G.M,VAN ROOSMALEN; GARCIA,Olímpia Maria da Cruz Gomes.
Descriptions and line drawings of fruits and seeds from 153 woody species of the family Sapotaceae occurring in Amazonia are presented, along with their preferred habitat, distribution, habit and seed dispersal.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Sapotaceae; Fruits; Morphology; Ecology; Seed dispersal.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672000000200187

Vertical distribution of epiphytic bryophytes in Atlantic Forest fragments in northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Oliveira,Hermeson Cassiano de; Oliveira,Sylvia Mota de.
ABSTRACT The microclimatic gradient established from the forest understory to the canopy provides a range of different conditions for the establishment of bryophytes along the height of a tree. We investigated epiphytic bryophyte communities of four fragments of Atlantic Forest with the aim of describing their vertical zonation and assessing differentiation among the communities of the different fragments. In each fragment, five host trees were selected from which bryophyte samples were collected in four height zones from the base to the canopy. Furthermore, 10 plots were demarcated in each fragment where bryophytes were collected from the understory. In total, 114 bryophyte species were found on the 20 sampled phorophytes, plus an additional 51 species in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Canopy; Ecology; Liverworts; Mosses; Tropical rain forest.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062016000400609

Unraveling algae and cyanobacteria biodiversity in bromeliad phytotelmata in different vegetation formations in Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Ramos,Geraldo José Peixoto; Santana,Lucineide Maria; Medina,Anderson Matos; Bicudo,Carlos Eduardo de Mattos; Branco,Luis Henrique Zanini; Moura,Carlos Wallace do Nascimento.
ABSTRACT Knowledge of algal and cyanobacterial diversity of phytotelmata remains poorly-known, especially for bromeliads from different vegetation formations. We investigated the microalgae communities of four species of tank bromeliads from different vegetation formations in Bahia State, Northeast Brazil, highlighting the composition, richness and diversity of taxa. Sampling of water stored in bromeliads was carried out quarterly between 2014 and 2016, and abiotic variables and morphometric attributes of bromeliads were measured. A total of 89 taxa of algae and cyanobacteria were recorded for the four bromeliad species studied. The microalgae communities of the phytotelmata varied among vegetation formations, with one tank bromeliad, Alcantarea nahoumii,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diversity; Ecology; Microalgae; Microhabitat; Phytotelm; Richness; Tank bromeliads.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062018000400567

Reproductive morphology and phenological aspects of one morphological variant of Hypnea pseudomusciformis (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta)
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Jesus,Priscila Barreto de; Pestana,Edilene Maria dos Santos; Affe,Helen Michelle de Jesus; Rocha,Diogo Souza Bezerra; Caires,Taiara Aguiar; Nunes,José Marcos de Castro; Schnadelbach,Alessandra Selbach.
ABSTRACT Hypnea pseudomusciformis was recently described from South America, and has three morphological variants: “musciformis”, “nigrescens”, and “valentiae”. Information on the biology of these variants may help to explain this species’ wide morphological variation despite the absence of genetic divergence among variants. More morphological and ecological data has accumulated on the “musciformis” variant occurring on the Brazilian coast than for the others. In this study, we described the reproductive morphology of a tropical “nigrescens” population and investigated its phenology to provide crucial biological information about this taxon, and perhaps also assist in answering questions about the systematics of H. pseudomusciformis variants. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Cystocloniaceae; Ecology; Hypnea musciformis complex; Reproduction; Systematics.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062019000100067

Communities of Mucorales (phylum Mucoromycota) in different ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Lima,Diogo Xavier; Souza-Motta,Cristina Maria; Lima,Catarina Letícia Ferreira de; Souza,Carlos Alberto Fragoso de; Ribeiro,Jonathan Ramos; Santiago,André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo.
ABSTRACT As primary decomposers of organic matter, mucoralean fungi have an important ecological role in edaphic systems in the Atlantic Forest. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding how communities of Mucorales are structured in soils of Atlantic Forest areas, and whether these communities are influenced by edaphic attributes in this domain. Thus, the current study aimed to understand the influence of edaphic attributes linked to species richness, abundance and composition of Mucorales in dense ombrophilous forest, ‘tabuleiro’ forest, sandbank and mangrove ecosystems located in Pernambuco, Brazil. Altogether, twenty-three taxa, including seven new records, were reported from soil samples from the ecosystems. Species composition was similar among the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Basal fungal order; Diversity; Ecology; Mucorales; Mucoromycota; Mucoromycotina; Soil; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062020000400796

Distribution patterns of ferns and lycophytes in the Coastal Region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Gonzatti,Felipe; Machado,Letícia; Windisch,Paulo Günter.
ABSTRACT A survey of ferns and lycophytes of the Coastal Region of the state of Rio Grande do Sul (CRRS) was performed based on field work and collections of the main regional herbaria. The following were evaluated for each species: preferential habits (terrestrial, epiphytic or aquatic), geographic distribution patterns and habitats (forest, grassland, and wetland). The occurrence of a latitudinal gradient in diversity was tested over five latitudinal ranges using the Sørensen Similarity Index. A total of 17 lycophyte and 206 fern species representing 28 families was found between the latitudes of 29° and 34°S. Exclusively terrestrial species were predominant (162), with the majority (113) exhibiting wide Neotropical distributions, followed by species...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Coastal vegetation; Ecology; Floristic diversity; Latitudinal gradient; Phytogeography.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062016000200239

Natural enemies in alternative plants during the soybean and corn offseason in Cruz Alta, Rio Grande do Sul
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Engel, Eduardo; Pasini, Mauricio Paulo Batistella; Hörz, Daniele Caroline; Hesel, Aline; Barassuol, Daniel Rapachi; Chassot, Claudio Ariel.
Identifying the behavior of natural enemies during the crop offseason is a key tool for integrated pest management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the population density of natural enemies of the plants Chloris distichophylla, Andropogon bicornis, and Erianthus angustifolium and to analyze the influence of the structural complexity of these plants on the present population. During the offseasons of 2014, 2015, and 2016, 150 plants of each species were evaluated and subdivided into different clump diameters. The species Lycosa spp., Eriops connexa, Cicloneda sanguinea, Coleomegilla quadrifasciata, Lebia concinna, and Harmonia axyridis were identified. A. bicornis was the plant with the highest population density, followed by C. distichophylla...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glycine max; Zea mays; Biological control; Ecology; Population dynamics. Ecologia de Insetos.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/42479

The influence of parasitism on the relative condition factor (Kn) of Metynnis lippincottianus (Characidae) from two aquatic environments: the upper Parana river floodplain and Corvo and Guairacá rivers, Brazil- DOI:10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i1.3668
Provedor de dados: 3
Autores: Moreira, Luís Henrique de Aquino; UEM; Yamada, Fábio Hideki; UEM; Ceschini, Tiago Lopes; UEM; Takemoto, Ricardo Massato; UEM; Pavanelli, Gilberto Cezar; UEM.
The study analyzed 84 specimens of Metynnis lippincottianus (Cope, 1870) (Characidae) from two environments with different degrees of impact due to a hydroeletric plant; 44 hosts from the upper Parana river floodplain (low degree of impact) and 40 from Paranapanema tributaries (Corvo and Guairacá rivers, high degree of impact). The prevalence found, among the total collected fishes, was 77.4%. One digenetic species, Dadayus pacupeva, and four nematodes, Spinoxyuris oxydoras, Contracaecum sp. (larval stage), Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus and Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris) mahnerti were identified. In the floodplain, the fishes parasitized by D. pacupeva and S. oxydoras presented better relative condition factor (Kn) than non-parasitized species....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Parasites; Nematode; Digenetic; Hydroelectric plants ecology; Parasites; Nematode; Digenetic; Hydroelectric plants Parasitologia.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/3668

The study of fractals among ecologists - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i1.7701
Provedor de dados: 3
Autores: Mormul, Roger Paulo; Universidade Estadual de Maringá - UEM; Padial, André Andrian; Universidade Federal de Goiás &amp; Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Mato Grosso do Sul.
Fractals seemed to have permeated most scientific fields, including ecology. In fact, biodiversity and ecological processes are affected by spatial complexity, and fractals can help understand patterns at multiple scales. In this paper we evaluated the main quantitative trends and the profile of ecology publications using fractals. Publications about fractals in Ecology experienced a high increase in the last two decades, and most articles were published in highly visible ecology journals. However, studies were authored mainly by US scientists, and researchers from developing countries had a minor contribution. In addition, studies were highly biased towards terrestrial environments, and empirical approaches were preferred.
Palavras-chave: 2.05.00.00-9 Fractal geometry; Ecology; Spatial complexity; Scientometrics Ecologia fractal geometry; Ecology; Spatial complexity; Scientometrics Ecologia.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/7701

Variation in quantitative vessel element features of Juglans regia wood in the western black sea region of Turkey
Provedor de dados: 115
Autores: Yaman,Barbaros.
Variations in quantitative vessel element characters of Juglans regia L. wood were studied in relation to altitude and growth-ring width. Multiple regression analysis using altitude and growth-ring width as independent variables were performed. Significant correlations were obtained for tangential vessel and radial vessel diameter (p&lt; 0.001), vulnerability ratio and xeromorphy ratio (p&lt;0.01), and for the number of vessels per group (p&lt;0.05). Vessel frequency is not correlated with independent variables. Non-anatomical factors (altitude and growth-ring width) explain 40.4-80.4% of variation for dependent variables.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Juglans regia; Altitude; Ecology; Growth-rings; Wood anatomy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952008000300010

Quinolizidine alkaloids in Calia secundiflora (FABACEAE)
Provedor de dados: 115
Autores: García-Mateos,Rosario; Soto-Hernández,Marcos; Zavala-Chávez,Fernando; Kite,Geofrey.
Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the alkaloid profile in different tissues analyzed by GC/MS and to contribute to the ecological knowledge of Calia secundiflora (patol). Samples of leaves, root and seeds of patol (mescal bean) were collected and field information was recorded in the States of Hidalgo and Querétaro, México, using the point-centered quarted method. Species dominance was calculated (value of importance) and the two locations were compared in species richness, similarity index, and soil data. Seventeen species of plants were found in Hidalgo and 21 in Querétaro; Flourensia resinosa and patol dominated the vegetation in Hidalgo, while patol and Dodonaea viscosa dominated in Querétaro. The profile of the quinolizidine alkaloids...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Dodonaea viscosa; Flourensia resinosa; Ecology; Fabaceae; Habitat; Toxicity.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952007000200161

Ancient feeding, ecology and extinction of Pleistocene horses from the Pampean Region, Argentina
Provedor de dados: 41
Autores: Sánchez,Begoña; Prado,José Luis; Alberdi,María Teresa.
To reconstruct the diet and habitat preference of fossil horses, we measured the carbon and oxygen isotope composition of 35 bone and tooth samples of Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus Lund, Hippidion principale (Lund), and Hippidion devillei (Gervais) from 10 different Pleistocene localities in the Pampean region (Argentina). To compare the three species by stratigraphic age, we divided the samples into three groups: lower Pleistocene, middle-late Pleistocene and latest Pleistocene. Samples of Hippidion devillei from the lower Pleistocene were more homogeneous, with &amp;#948;13C values ranging between -11.73 to -9.79&amp;#8240;. These data indicate a diet exclusively dominated by C3 plants. In contrast, Hippidion principale and Equus (Amerhippus) neogeus from...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Equus (Amerhippus); Hippidion; Paleodiet; Ecology; Extinction; Pleistocene; Papean region; South America.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0002-70142006000200012

Cytisus scoparius (Fam. Fabaceae) in southern Brazil - first step of an invasion process?
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Cordero,Rodrigo León; Torchelsen,Fábio P.; Overbeck,Gerhard E.; Anand,Madhur.
The occurrence of Scotch broom Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (Fabaceae), is reported for the first time in Brazil. The species has been registered in the species-rich Campos Sulinos grasslands, in the Campos de Cima da Serra, and in the Serra do Sudeste. Naturalizing populations were frequently formed in natural habitats near to human settlements, where prevailing land uses and disturbances facilitate dispersal and establishment. The plant is an invasive species that has globally caused significant damage to biodiversity and economic losses. In Brazil, the species has a strong potential for spreading into a wide range of ecosystems. The Atlantic Forest biome and part of the Pampa biome, together known as the Campos Sulinos, represent optimal areas for the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Alien species; Early detection; Ecology; Grassland; Scotch broom.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652016000100149

Long-wavelength sensitive opsin (LWS) gene variability in Neotropical cichlids (Teleostei: Cichlidae)
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: FABRIN,THOMAZ M.C.; PRIOLI,SONIA MARIA A.P.; PRIOLI,ALBERTO JOSÉ.
ABSTRACT Cichlid fishes are an important group in evolutionary biology due to their fast speciation. This group depends widely of vision for feeding and reproduction. During the evolutionary process it plays a significant role in interspecific and intraspecific recognition and in its ecology. The molecular basis of vision is formed by the interaction of the protein opsin and retinal chromophore. Long-wavelength sensitive opsin (LWS) gene is the most variable among the opsin genes and it has an ecological significance. Current assay identifies interspecific variation of Neotropical cichlids that would modify the spectral properties of the LWS opsin protein and codons selected. Neotropical species present more variable sites for LWS gene than those of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Convergence; Ecology; Evolution; Visual system.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000100213

Reproductive biology of the Green Ground Snake Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Subtropical Brazil
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: QUINTELA,FERNANDO M.; MARQUES,WILIAM C.; LOEBMANN,DANIEL.
ABSTRACT  We investigated reproductive features of the dipsadid snake Erythrolamprus poecilogyrus sublineatus in the southernmost Brazilian coast, a subtropical region characterized by well-marked seasons. Females are significantly smaller than males, have a shorter tail, and reach sexual maturity at later times along their development. In contrast to tropical subspecies, E. p. sublineatus females presented a seasonal pattern, with secondary follicles occurring from late winter to early autumn and egg production restricted to the whole spring and early summer. Males presented seasonal variation in testes volume (increase in autumn and decrease in winter) while no significant seasonal variation was found in ductus deferens width. The number of oviductal...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neotropics; Pampa Biome; Reproduction; Squamata.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000502189

Ecological features of titica vine (Heteropsis flexuosa (Kunth) GS Bunting) in Rondônia State, Northwest Brazilian Amazon
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: GAMA,MICHELLINY M. BENTES; VIEIRA,ABADIO H.; ROCHA,RODRIGO B.
The aim of this study was to characterize the forest structure with H. flexuosa in Rondônia State, as a first step in developing sustainable harvest and conservation guidelines for the species. Crown attributes, total height (m) and diameter at breast height ≥ 10 (cm) of trees and palms with H. flexuosa were evaluated in three permanent plots (100 m x 150 m each) randomized in 219 ha. A total of 22 botanical families hosted H. flexuosa. It was not observed any specific preference for the species standing up itself. Nevertheless it was frequently associated to Burseraceae, Leguminosae, Sapotaceae, Annonaceae, Chrysobalanaceae, Apocynaceae, Moraceae and Myristicaceae and species with thick bark like Schweilera coriacea, Protium sp. and Licania membranaceae....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Non-timber forest product; Ecology; Plant fibers; Habitat preference; Multiple-use forest management.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652013000301117

Reproductive biology of Thamnodynastes hypoconia (Serpentes: Dipsadidae) in Brazilian subtemperate wetlands
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: REBELATO,MARLUCI M.; PONTES,GLÁUCIA M.F.; TOZETTI,ALEXANDRO M.
ABSTRACT This study aimed to describe the reproductive biology of populations of Thamnodynastes hypoconia in subtemperate wetlands based on macroscopic analyses of their gonads. We analyzed 101 specimens from the southernmost regions of Brazil. The males had a greater snout-vent length, but the females reached sexual maturity with a greater body size. The reproductive cycle of the females was seasonal, with secondary vitellogenesis occurring between the winter and spring (May-October). Based on macroscopic analysis of gonads, data suggests that males have a continuous reproductive cycle. Parturition occurs between the late summer and early fall (January-April). The clutch size ranged between 4 and 16 embryos and showed no relationship with the female's...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Pampa; Reproductive cycle; Sexual maturity; Snakes.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652016000501699

The use of microsatellite markers in Neotropical studies of wild birds: a literature review
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: MOURA,RENAN F.; DAWSON,DEBORAH A.; NOGUEIRA,DENISE M.
ABSTRACT Despite extensive habitat fragmentation, the Neotropical region possesses 30% of the world´s bird species. Microsatellites have remained one of the most popular genetic markers and have been used in ecological and conservation studies since the 1990’s. We conducted a literature review comparing the number of papers published from January 1990 to July 2015 that used microsatellite markers for studies of wild birds in the Neotropical region, USA and some European countries. We assigned the articles to three categories of studies: population genetics, animal behavior/kinship analysis and the development of species-specific bird microsatellite markers. We also compared the studies in the Neotropics that used heterologous versus species-specific...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: AVES; Cross-species amplification; Biodiversity; Ecology; Molecular markers; STR.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652017000100145

Richness and abundance of the cardinigroup of Drosophila (Diptera, Drosophilidae) in theCaatinga and Atlantic Forest biomes in northeastern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: ROHDE,CLÁUDIA; SILVA,DIVA MARIA IZABEL O.; OLIVEIRA,GEÓRGIA F.; MONTEIRO,LIV S.; MONTES,MARTÍN A.; GARCIA,ANA CRISTINA L.
Brazil has a high diversity of flies of the genusDrosophila, and part of this richness is represented by thecardini group. We analyzed the fluctuations in the richness and abundance of this group, in environments that had never previously been studied in the northeastern region of Brazil. Among the 28,204 drosophilids sampled, 1,294 belonged to the cardini group and were represented by D. polymorpha, D. cardini, D. neocardini and D. cardinoides. Occurrences ofD. neocardini and D. cardinoides were registered for the first time in the Caatinga. In this biome,D. cardini stood out as having the highest abundance, andD. polymorpha was not observed. In the coastal Atlantic Forest, D. cardini was not registered, but D. polymorpha was found in all the localities...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Mangrove; Neotropical region; Pernambuco.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652014000401711

Structural analysis of a fragmented area in Minas Gerais State, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: SALOMÃO,NATÁLIA V.; MACHADO,EVANDRO L.M.; PEREIRA,RAFAELLA S.; FERNANDES,GERALDO W.; GONZAGA,ANNE P.D.; MUCIDA,DANIELLE P.; SILVA,LEOVANDES S. DA.
Abstract The theory of landscape ecology applied to the methods of spatial analysis helps to understand changes in the structure of forest remnants. In view of this theory, the objective of the present study was to analyze the structure of a fragmented area between the years 1979 and 2015 through calculation of landscape metrics for arboreal, shrubby and herbaceous vegetation classes. Vegetation classes were classified with visits to the field, interpretation of aerial photographs from 1979 and supervised classification of Landsat 8 from 2015. The metrics calculated for each class were area and total number of fragments, total edge and average connectivity among the fragments. The analysis of structure found that it changed negatively due to an increase in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Landscape; Ecology; Tree; Shrub; Herb; Metrics.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000703353

Some considerations about the ecology of Triatominae
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Noireau,François; Carbajal-de-la-Fuente,Ana L.; Lopes,Catarina M.; Diotaiuti,Lileia.
Observations on the ecology of silvatic Triatominae are still fragmentary, principally because target species in control process are almost exclusively domestic. Report of silvatic species invading human dwellings must lead research to be focused on their original ecology, in order to assist in understanding their process of domestication and devising strategies for surveillance.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Chagas disease; Triatominae; Silvatic environment; Ecology.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652005000300006

Helminth parasites of Cichla ocellaris Bloch &amp;amp; Schneider, 1801 collected in the Jacaré-Pepira River, São Paulo state, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: JANUÁRIO,FELIPE F.; GIÃO,THAYANA; AZEVEDO,RODNEY K. DE; ABDALLAH,VANESSA D.
Abstract:Cichla ocellaris is native to the Amazon region. It is popularly known as tucunaré and is widely used for human consumption. It is difficult to breed in captivity due to its highly predatory habits, it is considered symbolic of sport fishing in Brazil. This study aimed to make a qualitative and quantitative survey of helminth parasites of C. ocellaris. Thirty specimens from the Jacaré-Pepira River, located in the municipality of Ibitinga, in the interior of the state of São Paulo, were studied. The river is located 13 km from the urban area and at an altitude of approximately 600 m. A total of four taxa of metazoan parasites were collected and identified in Cestoda, Digenea, Monogenea and Nematoda. The cestoid Proteocephalus macrophallus presented...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Parasitic fauna; Tucunaré; Fish parasites.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000300608

Marine zooplankton studies in Brazil: a brief evaluation and perspectives
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: Lopes,Rubens M.
Marine zooplankton research in Brazil has been primarily descriptive, with most studies focusing on community structure analysis and related issues. The composition and spatial distribution of several taxonomic groups are currently well known, although less-abundant and small-sized taxa as well as initial stages of almost all species have received little attention. Some numerically important taxa such as heterotrophic protists, ctenophores, acoel turbellarians and ostracods remain virtually unstudied. Large sectors of the continental shelf have not been sampled in detail, particularly those areas influenced by the North Brazil Current (5ºN-15ºS). Zooplankton abundance and biomass in offshore waters have seldom been quantified, and information on the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Marine zooplankton; Ecology; Taxonomy; Southwest Atlantic.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652007000300002

Distribution of eggs, larvae and adults of Sternechus subsignatus Boheman on soybean plants in no-till system
Provedor de dados: 44
Autores: Silva,Mauro T. B.; Neto,Nelson; Hoffmann-Campo,Clara B.
Soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merrill] commercial fields, maintained under a no-till system, were sampled during the crop seasons 1990/91 and 1996/97, in Cruz Alta and Júlio de Castilhos, Rio Grande do Sul State, to determine the distribution of eggs, larvae and adults of Sternechus subsignatus Boheman (Coleoptera : Curculionidae). Soybean plants and soil were examined at different time schedules. Eggs and larvae were recorded in main stems, lateral branches and leaf petioles, divided into the upper third, medium and lower third of soybean plants. Eggs (87%), and larvae (79%) were mainly observed in the main stem and in the medium plant sections (87% and 78%, respectively). Larval movement was not observed because larvae remained inside the galls, in the same...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Insecta; Curculionidae; Ecology; Behavior; Spatial distribution.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0301-80591998000400002

Anurans of a riparian forest in Sao Carlos, state of Sao Paulo, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Sabbag,Ariadne Fares; Zina,Juliana.
We surveyed anuran amphibians in a riparian forest fragment of the Córrego do Espraiado, located at the Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Municipality of São Carlos, state of São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. During March 2009 and February 2010 we did weekly surveys in which we recorded 13 anuran species. The species showed a seasonal reproductive activity. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the number of reproductively active species and photoperiod. We also found that the studied community was more similar to those of transitional areas between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado than those of the nearby Cerrado fragments.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Amphibia; Ecology; Community; Transition zone; Cerrado; Atlantic forest.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000300015

Preliminary dragonfly (Odonata) species list from the Pampa biome in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, with ecological notes for 19 new records for the State
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Renner,Samuel; Périco,Eduardo; Ely,Gerson Júnior; Sahlén,Göran.
Abstract An inventory of Odonata was carried out in the southern half of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, in the Pampa biome. Originally, this biogeographical region was covered mostly by open fields and grassland, with sections of higher vegetation surrounding water bodies and rocky hills. Today the landscape is fragmented due to agricultural activities, mainly cattle farming, rice crops and forest plantations. Our survey was conducted in three municipalities from this region, between March 2015 and April 2016. Aiming at a general overview of the species composition, our sampling sites were selected on a wide basis, including lakes, bogs, temporary water bodies, small streams and river sections. Eighty two species of Odonata were collected...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic threats; Ecology; Grassland; Neotropics; Southern fields.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032017000400305

Distribution of the assemblage of phlebotomine sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) along an environmental gradient
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Antonini,Yasmine; Fernandes,G. Wilson; Barata,Ricardo Andrade.
Abstract The geographical distribution of leishmaniasis has undoubtedly expanded, and is now being reported to be in areas that were previously non-endemic. This study therefore aimed to investigate whether there is any variation in the structure and in the composition of phlebotomine communities along an environmental gradient - from a mesic to a xeric environment, across different climatic periods (rainy and dry seasons). Furthermore, we test whether there were differences in sex ratio of sand flies between wet and dry environments. A total of 535 specimens of sand flies belonging to 18 species were recorded. Richness, abundance, and composition of species were significatively higher in the xeric environment (semidecidual Forest) compared to the mesic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Species composition; Ecology; Leishmaniasis; Atlantic Forest; Brazil.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032017000200202

The birds at Ilha Comprida beach (São Paulo State, Brazil): a multivariate approach
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Barbieri,Edison; Paes,Eduardo Tavares.
Birds were censused weekly from January 1999 to January 2001 along Ilha Comprida beach, a barrier island off São Paulo, southeastern Brazil. To evaluate the similarity in the bird's species composition among the weekly surveys, species counts data were arranged on a data matrix with 144 weekly surveys, analyzed following a multivariate analysis protocol. We counted a total of 205,399 individuals and 52 species. Migratory birds were an important component of the avifauna (maximum N = 21,294 individuals and 14 species). The largest numbers of birds were observed during summer, when Nearctic migrants arrive. All 14 of the most common species were migrants, including Calidris alba, Sterna maxima, Charadrius semipalmatus, Sterna hirundo, Thalasseus maximus,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Seabirds; Ecology; Ilha Comprida; Migration; Shorebirds; Sandy beaches; Multivariate analysis.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032008000300003

Diversity, activity patterns, and habitat use of the snake fauna of Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park in Central Brazil
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: França,Frederico Gustavo Rodrigues; Braz,Vívian da Silva.
Chapada dos Veadeiros National Park (CVNP) in central Brazil is one of the most important protected areas of Brazilian Cerrado yet the diversity that this park harbors remains unknown for many taxa. From 2006 to 2009, we studied the snake assemblage of CVNP to determine the species composition, abundance, seasonal and daily activity patterns, morphology, and habitat use. We documented 47 snake species from seven families within CVNP, with the most common species being Bothrops marmoratus, Oxyrhopus trigeminus, Crotalus durissus and Bothrops moojeni. The incidence of snakes was highly seasonal and appeared to be associated mainly with rainfall. Daily activity patterns revealed that the majority of snakes are strictly diurnal, whereas others are nocturnal or...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Snakes; Assemblage; Ecology; Brazilian Cerrado.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032013000100008

List of Odonates from the Floresta Nacional de São Francisco de Paula (FLONA - SFP), with two new distribution records for Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Renner,Samuel; Périco,Eduardo; Sahlén,Göran.
Abstract A survey of Odonata was carried out in the National Forest FLONA - SFP, Northeastern region of the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This conservation unit is mainly covered by Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (MOF), a subtype of Atlantic Forest biome, being also areas covered in planted Pinus, planted Araucaria and open fields. Our sampling efforts were conducted in thirty aquatic environments inside this reserve during the period between January 2014 and November 2014. The sampling sites were selected randomly, comprehending lakes, bogs, small streams and river sections, all inserted in the four vegetation types occurring in the reserve. Fortysix species of Odonata were collected and grouped into 23 genera and seven families. The dominant families were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Odonata; Inventory; Atlantic Forest; Distribution.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032016000300303

Range extension of the mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus (Smith, 1869) (Decapoda, Panopeidae): A new record for the coastal south of Brazil
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Rodrigues,Marcos A.; Vieira,Rony R.R.; D'Incao,Fernando.
The discovery of Eurypanopeus depressus (Decapoda: Panopeidae; Smith, 1869) on the coast of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil suggests that the species was recently introduced, possibly due to different sources of introduction, such as the ballast water of ships. E. depressus were collected using otter-trawl net in the Patos Lagoon Estuary. Discussion focuses on the fact that the primary South American distribution derives from Uruguayan shores, and later expanded to nearby places (Brazil and Argentina). This work extends the Southern Hemisphere distribution for the species, as it was previously reported only from Argentina to Uruguay.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Range distribution; Bioinvasion; Ecology; Systematics.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032014000100300

Frugivorous butterflies from the Atlantic Forest in Southern Brazil (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Bordin,Sandra Mara Sabedot; Monteiro,Marcelo; Ferreira,Valéria Wesner; Lutinski,Junir Antonio; Rodrigues,Everton Nei Lopes.
Abstract: This study aimed to present a list of the species of frugivorous butterflies occurring in Atlantic Forests, in the Conservation Units: National Forest of Chapecó (FLONA), Ecological Station of Mata Preta (ESEC) and State Park of Araucárias (PAEAR) and adjacent forest fragments, located in the western region of the state of Santa Catarina. Three samplings were conducted between December 2017 and March 2018, totaling 24 days of collection in each sampling area. Van Someren-Rydon traps were used to capture frugivorous butterflies. There were 4,231 frugivorous butterflies belonging to four subfamilies, 12 tribes and 49 species. In all, 37 species of frugivorous butterflies were sampled in FLONA and 29 in adjacent forest fragments. In ESEC, 29 species...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Conservation; Diversity; Ecology; Forest fragmentation; Species richness.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032019000400310

Comparison of the upwellings of the Colombian Guajira and eastern Venezuela
Provedor de dados: 50
Autores: Gómez Gaspar,Alfredo; Acero P.,Arturo.
ABSTRACT In the southern Caribbean, there are two main upwelling areas, the Colombian Guajira and eastern Venezuela. However, fishing production is highly dissimilar, even though in the Guajira the wind intensity is stronger and theoretically the upwelling is more intense. For this reason, it should have a higher fishing production than Venezuela, which is not the case. The possible reasons for this important difference are presented, detailing aspects related to wind, hydrography, nutrient concentration, phytoplankton biomass, continental shelf, river contribution, island presence and other factors. Eastern Venezuela has greater fertility and fishing production because the Subtropical Subsuperficial Water mass is what supplies the water upwelling during...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Tropical upwelling; Colombian Guajira; Eastern Venezuela; Southern Caribbean; Ecology.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-97612020000200131

NOTES ON THE ECOLOGY OF THE LIZARDS FROM MALPELO ISLAND, COLOMBIA*
Provedor de dados: 50
Autores: López-Victoria,Mateo; Herrón,Pilar A.; Botello,Juan Carlos.
Observations of two of the endemic species of lizards of Malpelo Island provide new information on their natural history, ecology, and population size. Anolis agassizi, the most abundant and broadly distributed lizard, feeds mainly on insects and excrements of marine birds. It sleeps on large rocks, surfaces on hills or on man-made structures and, although it does not defend perch sites like most Anolis do, it does show preferences for high perches where, among other activities, it carries out copulation. Diploglossus millepunctatus, the largest and least abundant lizard, is an opportunistic-predator and scavenger that has a remarkable relationship with the land crab of the island (Johngarthia malpilensis) which it not only eats, but also competes with it...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Anolis agassizi; Diploglossus millepunctatus; General behavior; Ecology; Population status.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0122-97612011000300004

Morpho-ecological characterization and composition of rocky fields bryophytes in Brazilian Cerrado
Provedor de dados: 51
Autores: Marchi Do Carmo,Dimas; Fernandes Peralta,Denilson.
The aim of this study is to provide information about ecological relations and floristic composition of bryophytes community in Brazilian Cerrado rocky fields in Minas Gerais state. There are few works of bryophyte communities and their relation with this environment for Brazilian Cerrado, besides this, these environments are submitted to several intense treats. For this study nine transects of 50 m with total of 45 plots were randomly sampled in order to analyze the composition and morpho-ecological traits of bryophytes communities. The diversity measures were performed using the PAST and EstimateS software to perform the clustering of the species found between the tree different areas of rocky fields. We found 176 occurrences of 47 bryophytes species in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Community composition; Dry environments; Ecology; Liverworts; Mosses; Richness.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-23722017000200007

Behavioral and ecological interactions between reintroduced golden lion tamarins (Leontopithecus rosalia Linnaeus, 1766) and introduced marmosets (Callithrix spp, Linnaeus, 1758) in Brazil's Atlantic Coast forest fragments
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Ruiz-Miranda,Carlos Ramon; Affonso,Adriana Gomes; Morais,Marcio Marcelo de; Verona,Carlos Eduardo; Martins,Andreia; Beck,Benjamin B.
Marmosets (Callithrix spp.) have been introduced widely in areas within Rio de Janeiro state assigned for the reintroduction of the endangered golden lion tamarin (Leontopithecus rosalia). The objetives of this study were to estimate the marmoset (CM) population in two fragments with reintroduced golden lion tamarin to quantify the association and characterize the interactions between species. The CM population density (0,09 ind/ha) was higher than that of the golden lion tamarin (0,06 ind/ha). The mean association index between tamarins and marmosets varied among groups and seasons (winter=62% and summer=35%). During the winter, competition resulted in increases in territorial and foraging behavior when associated with marmosets. Evidence of benefits...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Behavior; Golden lion tamarin; Common marmoset; Invasive species; Conservation.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132006000100012

Population structure of Phalloceros caudimaculatus (Hensel, 1868) (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae) collected in a brook in Guarapuava, PR
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Wolff,Luciano Lazzarini; Hreciuk,Ericsson Ricardo; Viana,Douglas; Zaleski,Tânia; Donatti,Lucélia.
The population structure of Phalloceros caudimaculatus was studied in a brook (sites A and B) existing in the CEDETEG - Guarapuava/PR. Fourteen length classes of 3 mm amplitude were defined for P. caudimaculatus. The widest length amplitude and the average and maximum sizes were observed in females. Females were significantly more predominant in the whole sample and more frequent in all length classes. The sexual proportion data, showed that the number of females was superior to that of males throughout most of the year. Young occurrence peaks were registered in November and March. Pregnant females were present from March to April, from July to August and in January, characterizing the reproductive season. At sampling site A, a higher occurrence of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Fish; Ecology; Fresh-water.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132007000300008

Bionomic aspects of Pattonella intermutans (Thomson, 1869) (Diptera, Sarcophagidae) under laboratory conditions
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Oliveira,Vanderleia Cristina de; Mello,Rubens Pinto; Santos,Rosicleide Fátima Silva.
Life and fertility tables of Pattonella intermutans (Thomson, 1869) were studied in the laboratory conditions. The flies colonies were maintained at 20-28°C, 80±10% RH and observed daily. Life expectancy was 2.34 weeks for males and 2.33 weeks for females. The survivorship curves presented a type II tendency for females and type III for males. The periods of pre-larviposition and larviposition were of 2.5 and 9.5 weeks, respectively. Using data of the life table of fertility, the following values were obtained: Ro=24.83 times; T= 5.06 weeks; r=0.64 and lambda=1.89. The number of generations of P. intermutans was estimated to be 10.28 generations/year. The females had a high fertility under laboratory contiditions.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Diptera; Sarcophagidae; Pattonella intermutans; Bionomic; Ecology.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132002000600011

Environmental sanitation and peri-domiciliar organisation as auxiliary practices for the control of phlebotomines in Paraná state, southern Brazil
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Teodoro,Ueslei; Balduíno,João; Thomaz-Soccol,Vanete; Barbosa,Orlando C; Ferreira,Maria E. M. C; Lozovei,Ana Leuch; Verzignassi,Thaís G; Roberto,Andrea C. B. Silva.
Studies were conducted to compare the results of the collections of phlebotomines, in two distinct periods, i.e. before and after changed environmental conditions in Jussara county, Paraná State, Brazil. Collections were made near to a forest in Jussara farm, between February and April 1992. Six Falcão light traps were installed in houses and animals' shelters. Catches were made once a month and 35,783 phlebotomines were captured. Based on these data, sanitation was done in peridomiciliary area and domestic animals shelters were separated from domiciles in January 1994. Then during February to April 1994 using the same methodology new phlebotomines catches were made. The results showed that an average of just 150 (6,311/42) phlebotomines per hour were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Leishmaniasis; Psychodidae; Phlebotomine; Sandflies; Ecology; Lutzomyia.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89131999000300007

Microhabitat preferences of six Drosera (Droseraceae) from Tibagi river basin, Paraná state, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Saridakis,Dennis Panayotis; Torezan,José Marcelo Domingues; Andrade,Galdino.
We studied the microhabitats and the climatic requirements of six Drosera taxa, which occur in the subtropical grasslands of the Tibagi river basin. They are annual,or most communly, perennial herbs known as carnivorous plants, whose leaves are transformed into traps for the capture and digestion of small insects as an adaptation for supplying nutricional deficiencies. They usually occur in distrophic substrata. In order to contribute to conservation plans for the species of the genus, threatened by the conversion of the natural grasslands into pastures, we tried to define their preferential habitats and climatic requirements. We verified that the variables of microhabitat and altitude presented significant correlation at 5% probability level, while the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Carnivorous plants; Drosera; Sundew; Brazil; Tibagi River Basin.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132004000400001

Aspects of the ecology of proteocephalid cestodes parasites of Sorubim lima (Pimelodidae) of the upper Paraná River, Brazil: I. Structure and influence of host's size and sex
Provedor de dados: 57
Autores: TAKEMOTO,R. M.; PAVANELLI,G. C.
Between March 1992 and February 1996, 107 specimens of Sorubim lima were collected in the floodplain of the upper Paraná river. Ninety-five (88.78%) specimens were parasitized with at least one species of proteocephalid cestodes. 7,573 specimens of four different species were collected (average intensity 79.71 parasites/host): Paramonticellia itaipuensis Pavanelli &amp;amp; Rego, 1991; Nupelia portoriquensis Pavanelli &amp;amp; Rego, 1991; Spatulifer maringaensis Pavanelli &amp;amp; Rego, 1989 and Spasskyellina spinulifera Woodland, 1935. S. maringaensis was the most prevalent and abundant. There were three dominant species P. itaipuensis, S. maringaensis and N. portoriquensis) and one co-dominant species (S. spinulifera). The three environments (lotic,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Community structure; Size and sex influence; Sorubim lima; Proteocephalids; Upper Paraná river; Brazil.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-71082000000400006

Aspects of the ecology of proteocephalid cestodes, parasites of Sorubim lima (Pimelodidae), of the upper Paraná River, Brazil: II. Interspecific associations and distribution of gastrintestinal parasites
Provedor de dados: 57
Autores: PAVANELLI,G. C.; TAKEMOTO,R. M.
One hundred and seven specimens of Sorubim lima (Bloch &amp;amp; Schneider, 1801) were collected in the floodplain of the upper Paraná River, Brazil between March 1992 and February 1996. Ninety-five specimens (88.78%) were parasited by at least a species of proteocephalid cestode. 7,573 parasites specimens of four different species were collected (average intensity 79.71 parasites/host): Paramonticellia itaipuensis Pavanelli &amp;amp; Rego, 1991; Nupelia portoriquensis Pavanelli &amp;amp; Rego, 1991; Spatulifer maringaensis Pavanelli &amp;amp; Rego, 1989 and Spasskyellina spinulifera (Woodland, 1935). The two most prevalent species, Spatulifer maringaensis and Paramonticellia itaipuensis, were parasiting the entire gastrointestinal tract. Nupelia...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Interspecific associations; Gastrointestinal distribution; Sorubim lima; Proteocephalids; Upper Paraná River; Brazil.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-71082000000400007

Sloth biology: an update on their physiological ecology, behavior and role as vectors of arthropods and arboviruses
Provedor de dados: 56
Autores: Gilmore,D.P.; Da Costa,C.P.; Duarte,D.P.F.
This is a review of the research undertaken since 1971 on the behavior and physiological ecology of sloths. The animals exhibit numerous fascinating features. Sloth hair is extremely specialized for a wet tropical environment and contains symbiotic algae. Activity shows circadian and seasonal variation. Nutrients derived from the food, particularly in Bradypus, only barely match the requirements for energy expenditure. Sloths are hosts to a fascinating array of commensal and parasitic arthropods and are carriers of various arthropod-borne viruses. Sloths are known reservoirs of the flagellate protozoan which causes leishmaniasis in humans, and may also carry trypanosomes and the protozoan Pneumocystis carinii.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Sloths; Ecology; Behavior; Parasites; Bradypus; Choloepus.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2001000100002

The use of 16s rDNA methods in soil microbial ecology
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Macrae,Andrew.
New and exciting molecular methods, many using the 16S small sub-unit ribosomal nucleic acid molecule, are opening the microbial "black box" in soil. These studies have added much to our knowledge of microbial diversity in soils, and are beginning to advance our understanding of the relationship between this diversity and its function in soil processes. Over the next few years, the knowledge gained from molecular studies will, we hope, lead to improvements in sustainable land management and sustainable exploitation of soil genetic resources. As we enter the third millenium, it is appropriate to review the application of 16S rDNA methods to soil microbiology. This review examines 16S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) methods and their application to soil. It mentions...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Soil; Bacteria; Ecology; 16S rDNA.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822000000200002

Hyphomycetes from soil of an area affected by copper mining activities in the State of Bahia, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Costa,Isabella P.M. Wanderley; Cavalcanti,Maria Auxiliadora Q.; Fernandes,Maria José S.; Lima,Débora M.M.
With the aim of observing the impact produced by copper-mining activities on soil fungi, samples were collected from an area at the Caraíba Mining, in the State of Bahia, Brazil. This area was divided in six sub-areas: one had native vegetation and was used as control, while the others varied according to degrees of impact. The samples, collected during the dry and the rainy seasons, were submitted to serial dilutions and placed on Petri dishes with Sabouraud medium plus antibiotic. Sixty five species and 16 genera of Hyphomycetes were identified: Acremonium, Acrophialophora, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Chrysosporium, Curvularia, Fusarium, Humicola, Malbranchea, Myrothecium, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Scolecobasidium, Staphylotrichum, Stilbella and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Impacted area; Mycology; Soil fungi.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822006000300017

Zygomycetes from herbivore dung in the ecological reserve of Dois Irmãos, Northeast Brazil
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Santiago,André Luiz Cabral Monteiro de Azevedo; Trufem,Sandra Farto Botelho; Malosso,Elaine; Santos,Paulo Jorge Parreira dos; Cavalcanti,Maria Auxiliadora de Queiroz.
Thirty-eight taxa of Zygomycetes distributed in 15 genera were recorded from tapir (Tapirus terrestris), camel (Camelus bactrianus), horse (Equus caballus), deer (Cervus elaphus), agouti (Dasyprocta aguti), donkey (Equus asinus), llama (Llama glama) and waterbuck (Kobus ellipsiprymnus) dung collected at the Reserva Ecológica de Dois Irmãos located in Recife, State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The samples were collected on a monthly basis from June 2005 to May 2006, taken to the laboratory and incubated in moist chambers. Higher number of taxa was observed in the excrements of tapir, followed by deer and donkey. The highest number of species was detected for Mucor, followed by Pilobolus. Statistical analyses showed significant differences in richness of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Coprophilous; Taxonomy; Ecology; Ruminants.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822011000100012

Microbial diversity in Brazilian mangrove sediments: a mini review
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Ghizelini,Angela Michelato; Mendonça-Hagler,Leda Cristina Santana; Macrae,Andrew.
The importance and protection of mangrove ecosystems has been recognized in Brazilian Federal law since 1965. Being protected in law, however, has not always guaranteed their protection in practice. Mangroves are found in coastal and estuarine locations, which are prime real estate for the growth of cities, ports and other economic activities important for Brazilian development. In this mini-review we introduce what mangroves are and why they are so important. We give a brief overview of the microbial diversity found in mangrove sediments and then focus on diversity studies from Brazilian mangroves. We highlight the breadth and depth of knowledge about mangrove microbial communities gained from studying Brazilian mangroves. We report on the exciting...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Mangroves; Biodiversity; Bacteria; Fungi; Brazil; Conservation; Ecology.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000400002

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in papaya plantations of Espírito Santo and Bahia, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Trindade,Aldo Vilar; Siqueira,José Oswaldo; Stürmer,Sidney Luiz.
The aim of this study was to obtain knowledge on arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) associations in papaya (Caricapapaya, L.) in field soils and nursery conditions. Sixty seven soil and root samples were taken in February and May of 1996, from 47 commercial plantations in the North of Espirito Santo State and the West and South of Bahia State, in Brazil. Samples were used for direct spore counts, root colonization assessment and for trap culture with Sorghumbicolor (L.) Moench and Crotalariajuncea L. Additional sampling was done in commercial nurseries to evaluate mycorrhizal colonization. Although papaya cropping systems are usually under high input of fertilizers and pesticides, papaya roots showed considerable arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) colonization, ranging...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Glomeromycota; Agroecosystems; Ecology; Caricapapaya.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822006000300016

Recent updated aspects of colicins of Enterobacteriaceae
Provedor de dados: 58
Autores: Cursino,Luciana; Šmarda,Jan; Chartone-Souza,Edmar; Nascimento,Andréa M.A.
The colicins are protein compounds produced by, and active against, Escherichia coli and others members of Enterobacteriaceae family. At least 34 different colicins have been described and found to share an interesting number of features. In the present review we focus on the major characteristics of colicins of gram-negative bacteria and explore their production and practical applications.The colicins are protein compounds produced by, and active against, Escherichia coli and others members of Enterobacteriaceae family. At least 34 different colicins have been described and found to share an interesting number of features. In the present review we focus on the major characteristics of colicins of gram-negative bacteria and explore their production and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/report
Palavras-chave: Colicins; Escherichia coli; Genetics; Evolution; Ecology.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822002000300001

Ecological aspects of small strongylids in the Paraíba Valley Region, State of São Paulo, Brazil
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Pereira,José Roberto; Vianna,Sérgio Sebastião da Silva.
Post-mortem studies were conducted on twenty equids (16 horses and four mules) of the Paraíba Valley, during a period of twelve years (1988 to 2000) in order to establish the ecological descriptors of the different species of small strongylids (Subfamily Cyathostominae, Tribe Cyathostominea). Samples of 10% of total gastrointestinal content was examined and a total of 13,832 of Cyathostominea were obtained with a prevalence of 100%. The most prevalent and abundant species were Cylicocyclus nassatus (100%), Cylicostephanus longibursatus and Cylicostephanus goldi (95%). The population of Cyathotominea showed an average Dispersion Index (DI) of 49.03 and an average Green index (GI) of 0.226. The parasitic community had average diversity of 1.79, calculated by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Equids; Cyathostominae; Ecology; São Paulo; Brasil.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782008000800027

Oviposition preference of the neotropical brown stink bug Euschistus heros on artificial substrates of different colors
Provedor de dados: 65
Autores: Krinski,Diones; Favetti,Bruna Magda; Lima,Adielson Gonçalves de; Brum,Tatiane Regina.
This study aimed to evaluate the oviposition preference of the Neotropical brown stink bug, Euschistus heros (F.) on artificial substrates of different colors (felt woven). For this, ten pairs of stink bugs were transferred into plastic pots. Each pot contained seven felts of 6x20 cm (100% polyester-atoxic) of different colors (white, black, blue, green, red, yellow and brown). The pots were evaluated daily for three weeks (21 days) being counted the number of eggs, clutches and eggs per clutch for each color of felt. The choice test was set in a completely randomized design. Data obtained was submitted to the analysis of variance and means were compared by Scott-Knott test at 5% probability. During the evaluation were produced 7074 eggs distributed in 977...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Behavior; Ecology; Egg laying; Insect pest; Insect rearing.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782013001200011