Consulta: subjectFacets:"Electricity"
Registros recuperados: 38
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 03:35:12

Performance of small wind turbines: simulation of electricity supply to loads connected to the public or isolated grid
Provedor de dados: 70
Autores: Rodrigues,Rafael V.; Rossi,Luiz A.
ABSTRACT The successful in the implementation of wind turbines depends on several factors, including: the wind resource at the installation site, the equipment used, project acquisition and operational costs. In this paper, the production of electricity from two small wind turbines was compared through simulation using the computer software HOMER - a national model of 6kW and an imported one of 5kW. The wind resources in three different cities were considered: Campinas (SP/BR), Cubatão (São Paulo/BR) and Roscoe (Texas/ USA). A wind power system connected to the grid and a wind isolated system - batteries were evaluated. The results showed that the energy cost ($/kWh) is strongly dependent on the windmill characteristics and local wind resource. Regarding...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Homer; Wind power; Electricity.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162016000200281

Cultivating biomass locally or importing it? LCA of biomass provision scenarios for cleaner electricity production in a small tropical island
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Chary, Killian; Aubin, Joel; Guinde, Loic; Sierra, Jorge; Blazy, Jean-marc.
Biomass is a promising renewable alternative to decarbonize and to secure energy production on small islands, as most insular power generation systems rely heavily on imported fossil fuels. Feedstock procurement is a key aspect of bioenergy chain sustainability, and local resources as well as imported biomass can be considered if the electricity generated presents environmental benefits. We used Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of 1 kWh of electricity produced in Guadeloupe from the combustion of locally grown energy cane and imported wood pellets. The energy cane agricultural supply was simulated using a bio-economic model to elaborate and analyze five scenarios involving different biomass mixes and geographical areas of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: LCA; Electricity; Energy cane; Wood pellet; Islands; Saccharum sp.
Ano: 2018
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00427/53878/55107.pdf

Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Kahn,   Danny.
Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650

Investment in Electricity Transmission and Ancillary Environmental Benefits
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bloyd,   Cary; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Burtraw,   Dallas.
Planning of the electricity transmission system generally focuses on the pros and cons of providing generation close to the source of the power demand versus remote generation linked via the transmission system. Recent electricity supply problems in the western United States have renewed interest in the role of transmission in assuring the reliability of electricity supply. Recently, the Western Governors' Association led the development of a planning exercise that examined the tradeoffs over the next 10 years between locating new natural gas powered generation close to the load centers versus new coal, wind, hydro, and geothermal generation in remote areas. Although the analysis concentrated on the direct system costs, the choice of new generation will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Transmission; Air pollution; Ancillary benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L94; Q25; Q41.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10519

Economic Evaluation of Wind Energy as an Alternative to Natural Gas Powered Irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerrero,   Bridget L.; Amosson,   Stephen H.; Marek,   Thomas H.; Johnson,   Jeffrey W.
High natural gas prices have agricultural producers searching for alternative energy sources for irrigation. The economic feasibility of electric and hybrid (electric/wind) systems are evaluated as alternatives to natural gas powered irrigation. Texas Panhandle and Southern Kansas farms are assessed with a quarter-mile sprinkler system, three crops, and two pumping lifts. Breakeven points identify the price at which conversion from a natural gas irrigation system to an electric or hybrid system is cost effective. Results indicate electricity is a more feasible energy source for irrigation and policy changes such as net metering are necessary to make hybrid systems viable.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Irrigation; Natural gas; Wind energy; Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q12; Q20; Q42.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90680

Restructuring and the Cost of Reducing NOx Emissions in Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Burtraw,   Dallas; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
We look at the effects of restructuring on three issues: (a) economic surplus and environmental quality, (b) the cost of NOx control policies and who bears the costs, and (c) the cost-effectiveness of a seasonal and an annual NOx cap in the SIP Call region. We find that without the NOx cap, nationwide restructuring leads to higher NOx and carbon emissions from the electricity sector. Adding either a seasonal or an annual NOx cap-and-trade regime in the eastern United States mitigates the increase in NOx emissions but has a much smaller effect on carbon emissions. The out-of-pocket compliance cost associated with achieving a seasonal or an annual NOx cap is moderately higher with nationwide restructuring than without, but the changes in economic surplus are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Restructuring; Deregulation; Competition; Emissions trading; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Cost effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10549

The Environmental Impacts of Electricity Restructuring: Looking Back and Looking Forward
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
In the mid-1990s, when the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission was preparing to release Order 888 requiring open access to the transmission grid, the commission, environmental groups, and the Environmental Protection Agency, among others, raised the question of how open access and greater competition in wholesale electricity markets might affect the environment. If open access worked as expected, underutilized older coal-fired generators in the Midwest and elsewhere might find new markets for their power, leading to associated increases in air pollution emissions. Restructuring also might lead to retirements of inefficient nuclear facilities, whose generation would be replaced by fossil generation, further increasing emissions. On the other hand, some...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Electric utilities; Regulation; Competition; Environment; Air pollution; Natural gas; Coal; Nuclear; Renewables; Customer choice; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L51; L94; L98.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10656

The Second-Best Use of Social Cost Estimates
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Krupnick,   Alan J.
A significant literature has developed to estimate the damages to third parties from new electricity generation technologies. This paper focuses on how such estimates can be profitably used in the present regulatory environment, and in the potential new environment that may result from restructuring in the electricity industry.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Environment; Social costs; Adders; Externalities; Demand and Price Analysis; H23; L94; L98.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10693

The Effect of Allowance Allocation on the Cost of Carbon Emission Trading
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
We investigate the cost-effectiveness and distributional effects of a revenue-raising auction, grandfathering, and a generation performance standard as alternative approaches for distributing carbon emission allowances in the electricity sector. We solve a detailed national electricity market model and find the auction is roughly one-half the societal cost of the other approaches. This result holds under a variety of assumptions about the future state of economic regulation and competition in the electricity sector. The differences in the cost of the approaches flow from the effect of each approach on electricity price. Grandfathering is the best for producers but it imposes a substantial cost on consumers. The generation performance standard yields the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon; Emission allowance trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Safety valve; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10536

The Paparazzi Take a Look at a Living Legend: The SO2 Cap-and-Trade Program for Power Plants in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.
For years economists have urged policymakers to use market-based approaches such as cap-and-trade programs or emission taxes to control pollution. The SO2 allowance market created by Title IV of the 1990 U.S. Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) presents the first real test of the wisdom of economists' advice. This paper provides an overview of the origins, design, and performance of the U.S. acid rain program, and an analysis of its specific features and its adaptability as a model for addressing other pollution problems, such as control of NOX or CO2 emissions. The program also has resulted in innovation through changes in organizational technology, in the organization of markets, and through experimentation at individual boilers, much of which arguably would...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emission trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10665

The Future of Electricity Generation in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bishop,   Phil; Bull,   Brian.
Increasing demand for electricity in New Zealand requires approximately 150 megawatts of new capacity to be installed annually. Rapidly increasing global prices for fossil fuels; the New Zealand Energy Strategy with its focus on renewable technologies; climate change policies; and a gradual shift from an energy constrained electricity system to one with capacity constraints are all factors underlying a change in the type of generation plant being installed and the location of that plant. This paper examines the likely future of the generation sector over the next 20-30 years. It is based on the work undertaken by the Electricity Commission in preparing its Statement of Opportunities, which contains scenarios describing how electricity may be generated in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Capacity expansion; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96442

Cost-Effective Reduction of NOx Emissions from Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
This paper analyzes the benefits and costs of policies to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the United States. Because emissions of NOX contribute to the high concentration of atmospheric ozone in the eastern states that is associated with health hazards, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has called on eastern states to formulate state implementation plans (SIPs) for reducing NOX emissions. Our analysis considers three NOX reduction scenarios: a summer seasonal cap in the eastern states covered by EPA's NOX SIP Call, an annual cap in the same SIP Call region, and a national annual cap. All scenarios allow for emissions trading. Although EPA's current policy is to implement a seasonal cap in the SIP Call...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10677

The Economic and Policy Setting of Renewable Energy: Where Do Things Stand?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Darmstadter,   Joel.
This paper looks at the status and prospects of renewables-with particular emphasis on windpower-in the electric power sector. Although renewables account for a steadily rising share of electricity generation in various countries, their role remains small in absolute terms. In part, this is because of technological progress of and successful competition from fossil-fueled generation-notably, combined cycle gas turbines. While diminishing, subsidies continue to be indispensable to the use of renewables in most places. Viability of renewables-based electricity is undermined by the cost of externalities for which fossil energy combustion is only partially charged. A number of countries (and states in the U.S.) have launched obligatory requirements for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Electricity; Windpower; Externalities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q21; L94.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10777

Uncertainty and the Cost-Effectiveness of Regional NOx Emissions Reductions from Electricity Generation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; McGuinness,   Meghan.
This paper analyzes uncertainties surrounding the benefits and costs of a policy to reduce nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from electricity generation in the eastern United States. Under each of 18 scenarios examined, we find an annual policy would yield net benefits that are at least as great as those expected under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) currently planned seasonal policy. Preferred (midpoint) assumptions yield additional benefits of $724 million per year under an annual policy compared to a seasonal one (1997 dollars). The subset of 11 northeastern states benefit the most from an annual policy relative to a seasonal one, but relative net benefits are also positive in the remaining states in the region. An annual policy...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOX; Health benefits; Market structure; Restructuring; Deregulation; Value of statistical life; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10846

The Economic Feasibility of Using Georgia Biomass for Electrical Energy Production
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shumaker,   George A.; Luke-Morgan,   Audrey S.; McKissick,   John C.
This study investigates the potential for using biomass for the production of electricity in Georgia. The volume, important characteristics, and delivered costs per unit of energy are estimated for various locally produced biomass. Production of synthetic fuels using both pyrolysis and gasification technologies is investigated as potential means for converting biomass into electricity. Capital and operating costs for each of these two technologies are projected across three different scales of production. Estimated costs per unit of electricity generated are determined. It appears, under the conditions modeled, these technologies are not cost competitive with currently used technologies. Significant subsidies would be needed to induce the adoption of these...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Bio-electricity; Bio-feedstocks; Biomass; Cost; Electricity; Agribusiness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90661

Nodal Pricing and Transmission Losses: An Application to a Hydroelectric Power System
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Jean-Thomas; Guertin,   Chantal.
Since January 1, 1997, the wholesale electricity market in the United States has been open to competition. To satisfy the reciprocity requirements imposed by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, Hydro-Quebec, a Canadian utility, made its transmission grid accessible to third parties. Under the current regulation, transmission losses are taken into account through a single, constant rate; location and time of use play no role. Hydro-Quebec generates most of its electricity from hydro resources. Long high-voltage power lines link production in the North to consumption centers in the South, where there are interconnections with neighboring areas. We develop an optimization model that allows us to calculate nodal prices on the basis of the opportunity...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Transmission pricing; Hydropower; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; L94.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10724

BIOMASS FOR ELECTRICITY AND PROCESS HEAT AT ETHANOL PLANTS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Morey,   R. Vance; Tiffany,   Douglas G.; Hatfield,   Dennis L.
Published in:  Applied Engineering in Agriculture,  Vol. 22(5): 723-728
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Biomass; Process heat; Ethanol production; Electricity; Combined heat and power; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93630

The Effect on Asset Values of the Allocation of Carbon Dioxide Emission Allowances
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Bharvirkar,   Ranjit; Paul,   Anthony.
Paradoxically, owners of existing generation assets may be better off paying for carbon dioxide emission allowances than having them distributed for free. This analysis shows that it takes just 7.5% of the revenue raised under an auction to preserve the asset values of existing generators.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Emission allowance trading; Allocation; Electricity; Restructuring; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Outputbased allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10705

State-Level Policies and Regulatory Guidance for Compliance in the Early Years of the SO2 Emission Allowance Trading Program
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lile,   Ronald D.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
The Clean Air Act Amendments (CAAA) of 1990 instituted a historic experiment in emission allowance trading for sulfur dioxide (SO2). A necessary requirement for evaluating this experiment is an understanding of how the cost recovery rules and other guidance given to firms by state-level public utility commissions (PUCs) and elected bodies has affected compliance behavior. From the onset of the CAAA, there has been varied response by state policy-makers toward SO2 compliance. This paper presents a compilation of these actions as they took shape in states that were affected by the SO2 program. Our primary interest is on the proposals that emerged during the embryonic years of the allowance program, from 1990 to 1993, when investment plans for utilities...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Clean Air Act Amendments; Sulfur dioxide; Allowance trading; Regulation; Electricity; Public utility commissions; Environmental Economics and Policy; H43; Q2; Q4.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10828

Efficient Emission Fees in the U.S. Electricity Sector
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Banzhaf,   H. Spencer; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.
This paper provides new estimates of efficient emission fees for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions in the U.S. electricity sector. The estimates are obtained by coupling a detailed simulation model of the U.S. electricity markets with an integrated assessment model that links changes in emissions with atmospheric transport, environmental endpoints, and valuation of impacts. Efficient fees are found by comparing incremental benefits with emission fee levels. National quantity caps that are equivalent to these fees also are computed, and found to approximate caps under consideration in the current multi-pollutant debate in the U.S. Congress and the recent proposals from the Bush administration for the electricity industry. We also...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Emission fees; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Nitrogen oxides; NOx; Sulfur dioxide; SO2; Health benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q4; D61.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10505

The Evolution of NOx Control Policy for Coal-Fired Power Plants in the United States
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Evans,   David A.
Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx ) contribute to formation of particulate matter and ozone, and also to acidification of the environment. The electricity sector is responsible for about 20% of NOx emissions in the United States, and the sector has been the target of both prescriptive (command-and-control) and flexible (cap-and-trade) approaches to regulation. We summarize the major NOx control policies affecting this sector, and provide some perspectives as to their effectiveness. While both prescriptive and flexible approaches continue to play an important role, significant new proposals have wholly embraced a cap-and-trade approach.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Cap and trade; Air pollution; Cost-benefit analysis; Electricity; Particulates; Ozone; Nitrogen oxides; Acid rain; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q4; D62; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10645

Preventing Monopoly or Discouraging Competition? The Perils of Price-Cost Tests for Market Power in Electricity
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Brennan,   Timothy J.
Allegations of market power in wholesale electricity sales are typically tested using price-cost margins. Such tests are inherently suspect in markets-such as electricity-that are subject to capacity constraints. In such markets, prices can vary with demand while quantity, and thus cost measure, remain fixed. Erroneous conclusions are more likely when the proxy for marginal cost is the average operating cost of the marginal plant. Measured this way, high Lerner indexes are consistent with competitive behavior. Using this proxy to cap wholesale prices, as the U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission has proposed, would discourage entry by making it impossible for peak power suppliers to recover capital costs. The wholesale electricity sector may be...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market power; Electricity; Peak load pricing; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D42; L11; L51; L94.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10804

The Social Costs of Electricity: Do the Numbers Add Up?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Krupnick,   Alan J.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
Several recent studies have mounted major efforts to estimate the social cost of electricity generation. This paper provides an overview of this literature and a focused qualitative and quantitative comparison of the most comprehensive and rigorous of these studies. The paper also provides a synthesis that can help reduce the cost of future applications of these methods.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Electricity; Environment; Health; Social costs; Adders; Externalities; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; H23; L94; L98.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10856

Cost-Effectiveness of Renewable Electricity Policies
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Palmer,   Karen L.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
We analyze policies to promote renewable sources of electricity. A renewable portfolio standard raises electricity prices and primarily reduces gas-fired generation. A "knee" of the cost curve exists between 15% and 20% goals for 2020 in our central case, and higher natural gas prices lower the cost of greater reliance on renewables. A renewable energy production tax credit lowers electricity price at the expense of taxpayers and thus limits its effectiveness in reducing carbon emissions; it also is less cost-effective at increasing renewables than a portfolio standard. Neither policy is as cost-effective as a cap-and-trade policy for achieving carbon emissions reductions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Electricity; Renewable portfolio standard; Carbon dioxide; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q48; Q54.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10845

Foreign Direct Investment in China's Power Sector: Trends, Benefits and Barriers
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Wu,   Xun.
In the early 1990s, hoping to reduce chronic electricity shortages and enhance the efficiency of Chinese power plants, China opened its doors to foreign direct investment (FDI) in electricity generation. Using data from an original survey of US private investors, official Chinese statistics, and other sources, we assess the volume and characteristics of FDI in China's power sector, its impact on energy efficiency, and the factors that limit this impact. Our five principal findings are as follows. First, the volume FDI in China's power sector will likely fall short of the government's 1995 - 2000 capacity expansion target by a substantial margin, most likely because of persistent institutional barriers to FDI. Second, to avoid the lengthy central government...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment; China; Electricity; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10606

Carbon Prices Required to Make Digesters Profitable on U.S. Dairy Farms of Different Sizes
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lazarus,   William F.; Goodkind,   Andrew; Gallagher,   Paul W.; Conway,   Roger K.
Replaced with revised version of paper 02/15/11.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Anaerobic digester; Biogas plant; Livestock manure; Electricity; Methane; Carbon offset value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98628

Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Siikamaki,   Juha.
The animal husbandry industry is a major emitter of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. The industry is also a major emitter of ammonia, which is a precursor of fine particulate matter, arguably the number-one environment-related public health threat facing the nation. We present an integrated process model of the engineering economics of technologies to reduce methane and ammonia emissions at dairy operations in California. Three policy options are explored: greenhouse gas offset credits for methane control, particulate matter offset credits for ammonia control, and expanded net metering policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these policies appears to be sufficient to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Methane; Ammonia; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Offset; Particulate matter; Net metering; Environmental policy; CAFO; Manure management; Biodigester; Electricity; Global warming; Cost-benefit; Incentive approach; Livestock Production/Industries; Q2; Q4; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10749

Accountability in Government and Regulatory Policies: Theory and Evidence
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Guerriero,   Carmine.
Revised version of paper added 01/16/09
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Election; Agency; Judges; Regulation; Electricity; K23; L51; Q43.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37849

CO2 Allowance Allocation in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative and the Effect on Electricity Investors
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Kahn,   Danny; Palmer,   Karen L.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is an effort by nine Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states to develop a regional, mandatory, market-based cap-and-trade program to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from the electricity sector. The initiative is expected to lead to an increase in the price of electricity in the RGGI region and beyond. The implications of these changes for the value of electricity-generating assets and the market value of the firms that own them depends on the initial allocation of carbon dioxide allowances, the composition of generating assets owned by the firm, and the locations of those assets. Changes in asset values inside the RGGI region may be positive or negative, whereas changes outside of the RGGI region are almost...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation-performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Asset value; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10495

The Impact of Long-Term Generation Contracts on Valuation of Electricity Generating Assets under the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wilson,   Nathan E.; Palmer,   Karen L.; Burtraw,   Dallas.
The Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative is an effort by nine states to constrain carbon dioxide emissions from the electric power sector using a cap-and-trade program. This paper assesses the importance of long-term electricity contracts under the program. We find that 12.2% of generation will be accounted for by long-term contracts in 2010, affecting select nuclear, hydroelectric, and cogeneration units. The contracts will have a negligible effect on the wholesale marginal cost of electricity and a small effect on retail price. States may want to consider contracts on a case-by-case basis when making decisions about the initial distribution of emission allowances, but they should account for effects on the portfolio of plants owned at the firm level, not...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate; State policy; Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative; Long-term contracts; Electricity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q54; Q58; L14; L94.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10556

El impacto social de la privatización y de la regulación de los servicios públicos en el Perú
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Torero,   Maximo; Pasco-Font Quevedo,   Alberto.
Casi cinco años después de haber culminado las privatizaciones en telecomunicaciones y electricidad, así como haber realizado importantes reformas en agua potable y alcantarillado, es necesario realizar un balance sobre los resultados de dichas reformas. A fin de determinar si el resultado fue positivo o negativo, esta investigación trata de cuantificar los efectos de las privatizaciones de los servicios públicos (agua, telecomunicaciones y electricidad) sobre el consumo y bienestar de los hogares urbanos peruanos. Por tanto, nuestro principal objetivo es analizar los efectos sobre la distribución del ingreso e identificar que hogares se beneficiaron y cuales se perjudicaron por los cambios en precios originados por las privatizaciones.  Para lograr este...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Servicios públicos; Telecomunicacions; Electricidad; Privatización; Saneamiento; Perú; Public Services; Telecomunications; Electricity; Sanitation; Privatization; Peru; Public Economics; L3.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37758

China’s Electricity Market Reform and Power Plants Efficiency
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ma,   Chunbo; Zhao,   Xiaoli; Ma,   Qian; Zhao,   Yue.
In the past three decades, Chinese electricity industry has experienced a series of regulatory reforms serving different purposes at different stages. In 2002, the former vertically integrated electricity utility - the State Power Corporation (SPC) – was divested and the generation sector was separated from the transmission and distribution networks in an effort to improve production efficiency. In this paper we study the impact of the reform on efficiency of fossil-fired power plants using plant-level data during 2000-2008. Our results from the data envelopment analysis (DEA) and panel regressions show that: 1) the total factor productivity (TFP) growth mainly comes from technological change; 2) the technical efficiency of previously SPC-managed power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; DEA; Malmquist Index; China; Electricity; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D24; L11; L51; L94; L98.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117811

Demanda industrial de energia elétrica em Minas Gerais, 1970-2002
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mattos,   Leonardo Bornacki de; Reis,   Bricio dos Santos; Lima,   Joao Eustaquio de; Lirio,   Viviani Silva.
The main objective of this paper was to obtain an estimate for the industrial electricity demand in Minas Gerais in the period from 1970 to 2002. After identifying that the series were nonstationary, it was used the Cointegration approach, being estimated a Vector Error Correction Model (VEC Model). The results showed that both price and income elasticities are inferiors to the unit. The projections for period 2004/2008 indicate that the consumption of electricity should present superior taxes of growth to the observed ones in the decade of 90.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Industrial Demand; Electricity; Cointegration; VEC Model; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56746

Immediate and latent effects of drying soybeans with dehydrated air
Provedor de dados: 1
Autores: Konopatzki, Evandro André; Christ, Divair; Coelho, Silvia Renata Machado; Nobrega, Lúcia Helena Pereira da; Dellagostin, Simone; Lenz, Anderson Miguel.
New grain drying techniques have been improved to reduce post-harvest losses. The electric air dehumidifier (UTA 60®) is an example; it was installed at the ELLITT Seed Company for drying soybean seeds (TEC 7849) with random sample collection (DIC). Our objective was to evaluate the immediate and latent effects of the dehumidified air on the vigour of the seeds. Our vigour analysis method was based on the Rules for Seed Analysis (RAS), and our results showed an immediate significant difference in seedling percentage, but the germination level did not have an effect at 5% (Dunnett's test). In latent effects, at 5% (Tukey test), there was a reduction in the germination percentage and emergence rate, but it was not possible link such variations to the drying...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Air dehumidification; Air handling unit; Electricity; Germinative vigour; Glycine max.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/42706

DETERMINATION OF THE CALORIFIC VALUE OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN ENUGU, NIGERIA AND ITS POTENTIAL FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: NWOKE, OJI ACHUKA; Okonkwo, Wilfred Ifeanyi; Echiegu, Emmanuel Amagu; Ugwuishiwu, Boniface Obinwanne; Okechukwu, Chibueze Henry.
The work aimed at determination of calorific value of  municipal solid waste in Enugu, Nigeria and its potential for electricity generation. Random truck sampling was used according to American Society of Test and Material (ASTM)  in the collection of samples at Ugwuaji landfill site, Enugu, Nigeria and calorific value was determined using oxygen bomb calorimeter. Enugu has a present  population of 882,178 and the amount of municipal solid waste  generated in Enugu was  estimated to be 420 tonnes daily and this resulted in waste generation rate of   0.48kg/capita/day. The average composition of the municipal solid waste  was 39% putrescible, 11% paper, 21% plastics, 5% textile, and 2% metal, 3% glass and 19% others. The average moisture content Volatile...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Municipal solid waste; Calorific value; Composition; Energy content; Electricity.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/5061

Techno-economic assessment of municipal solid waste gasification for electricity generation: a case study of Kampala City, Uganda
Provedor de dados: 111
Autores: Bernard, Kivumbi.
This study was aimed at assessing the techno-economic potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated in Kampala City for electricity production through gasification. The quantity, characteristics and gasification parameters were determined. In addition, the gasifier- engine system components were sized, and an economic analysis was conducted to obtain the net present value (NPV) and the payback period. This study found that 523 t/d of MSW is collected in Kampala City. The biomass component of MSW was found to be 459.5 t/d with moisture content of 71.09% on as-received basis. The physical characteristics of the gasified biomass included 11.8% moisture content, 88.2% total solids, 25.9% ash content and 57.7 kg/m3 bulk density. The resulting normalized...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Municipal solid waste; Biomass; Gasification; Economic analysis; Producer gas; Electricity.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/3363

Biogas and Biomass Implementation in Rural Areas
Provedor de dados: 52
Autores: Sandim,Álvaro A.; Batista,Alexandre G.; Bareta,Maria Luiza E.; Betini,Roberto C.; Pepplow,Luiz Amilton.
Abstract Advances in energy demand in rural areas cannot be dissociated from agricultural modernization, large estates, mechanization of labor and reduced investment in small production. The use of biogas together with biomass are the most cost-effective ways for the small producer, as it has a high calorific value. In the case of biogas the procedure is performed by combining a compressor and a chiller, allowing the gas enter the reactor and burn together with the air stream. The use of these techniques is an auxiliary way to reduce the cost of the producer to produce a certain crop, besides allowing a participation in the final energy supply, so that the utilities have an alternative to distribute the surplus energy to another region, serving thus a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biogas; Biomass; Rural areas; Electricity.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132019000200201

Energy potential of residual maize biomass at different spacings and nitrogen doses
Provedor de dados: 64
Autores: Ambrosio,Rodrigo; Pauletti,Volnei; Barth,Gabriel; Povh,Fabrício Pinheiro; Silva,Dimas Agostinho da; Blum,Hilbert.
ABSTRACT Agricultural residual biomass is an important source of energy, and its production and quality vary according to the crop management. This study aimed to assess the effects of plant distribution and nitrogen fertilization on the energy production potential of the biomass of maize cultivated under no tillage. The field experiment was installed in southeast Brazil using five nitrogen rates (0, 60, 120, 180, and 240 kg ha-1) and two inter-row spacings (0.4 and 0.8 m). Grain yield, residual biomass productivity, and bioenergy potential in different parts of the plant (grain, stalk+leaf, husk, and cob) were assessed. No change in grain yield was observed using narrow row spacing. Stalk+leaf and husk productivity was higher using 0.8 m than using 0.4 m...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Renewable energy; Zea Mays (L.); Calorific value; Electricity; Macronutrients.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-70542017000600626