Consulta: subjectFacets:"Environmental change"
Registros recuperados: 19
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 11:48:45

Livelisystems: a conceptual framework integrating social, ecosystem, development, and evolutionary theory
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Dorward, Andrew R.; SOAS, University of London; ad55@soas.ac.uk.
Human activity poses multiple environmental challenges for ecosystems that have intrinsic value and also support that activity. Our ability to address these challenges is constrained by, among other things, weaknesses in cross-disciplinary understandings of interactive processes of change in social&amp;#8211;ecological systems. This paper draws on complementary insights from social and biological sciences to propose a &amp;#8220;livelisystems&amp;#8221; framework of multiscale, dynamic change across social and biological systems. This describes how material, informational, and relational assets, asset services, and asset pathways interact in systems with embedded and emergent properties undergoing a variety of structural transformations. Related...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Environmental change; Livelisystems; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological systems.
Ano: 2014

Migrant farmers as information brokers: agroecosystem management in the transition zone of Ghana
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Isaac, Marney E.; Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences and Center for Critical Development Studies, University of Toronto Scarborough; Department of Geography, University of Toronto; marney.isaac@utoronto.ca; Anglaaere, Luke C. N.; Forestry Research Institute of Ghana;; Akoto, Daniel S.; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology;; Dawoe, Evans; Faculty of Renewable Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology;.
Environmentally induced farmer migration is an important livelihood strategy, yet little is known of the effects on the destination region agroecosystem information networks and management practices. In the forest-savanna transition zone (Brong Ahafo Region) of Ghana, where migration from northern regions (migrant) and from neighboring regions (settler) is active, we chart the role of migrant famers and the type of agroecosystem management practices embedded in information networks using a social networks approach. Based on empirical network data from 44 respondents across three communities, we illustrate a diffuse information network, with variable tie frequency between settlement categories (local, settler, or migrant) of farmers. The cohesion of this...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural innovation; Agroecology; Agroforestry; Environmental change; Ghana; Natural resource management; Social network analysis; Social-ecological memory; Theobroma cacao.
Ano: 2014

The evolution of local participation and the mode of knowledge production in Arctic research
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Brunet, Nicolas D.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; nicolas.brunet@mail.mcgill.ca; Hickey, Gordon M.; Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University; gordon.hickey@mcgill.ca; Humphries, Murray M.; Centre for Indigenous Peoples' Nutrition and Environment, McGill University; murray.humphries@mcgill.ca.
Arctic science is often claimed to have been transformed by the increased involvement of local people, but these claims of a new research paradigm have not been empirically evaluated. We argue that the "new" participatory research paradigm emerging in Arctic science embodies many of the principles of the Mode 2 knowledge production framework. Using the Mode 2 thesis as an assessment framework, we examined research articles appearing between 1965 and 2010 in the journal Arctic to assess the extent to which there has been a paradigm shift toward more participatory approaches. Results suggest that the involvement of local people has increased only slightly over the last half century and continues to vary systematically among disciplines, organizations, and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Civic science; Community participation; Environmental change; Mode 2; Research policy; Traditional knowledge.
Ano: 2014

Understanding social-ecological change and transformation through community perceptions of system identity
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Andrachuk, Mark; University of Waterloo; Environmental Change and Governance Group; mandrach@uwaterloo.ca; Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; Environmental Change and Governance Group; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca.
We developed an empirical approach to consider social-ecological system change and transformation by drawing on resource users&amp;#8217;  knowledge and perceptions. We applied this approach in the Cau Hai lagoon, a coastal area dominated by small-scale fisheries in central Vietnam. Nine focus groups with more than 70 fishers were used to gather information about key social-ecological system elements and interactions, historical social-ecological dynamics, and possible thresholds between distinct social-ecological system identities. The patterns of change in livelihoods and resource exploitation in the Cau Hai lagoon are similar to those seen in other coastal lagoon and small-scale fishery contexts. Our findings show some promise for the use of local...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Environmental change; Governance; Local knowledge systems; Perceptions; Resilience; Small scale fisheries; Social-ecological transformations.
Ano: 2015

Traditional ecological knowledge among transhumant pastoralists in Mediterranean Spain
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Mobility is a millenary human strategy to deal with environmental change. An outstanding example of mobility is transhumance, an ancient pastoralist practice consisting of the seasonal migration of livestock between ecological regions following peaks in pasture productivity. The maintenance of transhumance depends partly on the preservation of related traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). We (a) identified and characterized social groups that hold transhumance-related TEK, (b) analyzed trends in transhumance-related TEK across generations and social groups, (c) examined the factors that influence variation in levels of TEK, and (d) analyzed elements of transhumance-related TEK as examples of adaptive strategies to cope with global change. We used...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive strategy; Drove road; Environmental change; Mobility; Pastoralism; Resilience.
Ano: 2013

Seeing is questioning: prompting sustainability discourses through an evocative visual agenda
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Thomsen, Dana C; Sustainability Research Centre, University of the Sunshine Coast; dthomsen@usc.edu.au.
I explore the potential utility of visual imagery to engage viewers in connecting ways with dynamic social-ecological contexts. Constructing photographs in response to the mass stranding of birds (shearwaters) on the east coast of Australia in 2013, I demonstrate the potential of wildlife and landscape photography to represent the impacts of environmental change at personal, relational, spatial, and temporal scales simultaneously.  In so doing, I suggest that the production and interpretation of photographs can lead to responses that: (1) foster attentive forms of vision in familiar contexts; (2) provoke reflexive self-examination and critiques of broader, complex systems; (3) develop emotional connections with those impacted by social-ecological change;...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Art; Australia; Autoethnography; Environmental change; Interdisciplinary; Learning for sustainability; Photography; Social-ecological change; Visual communication.
Ano: 2015

Collaborative Engagement of Local and Traditional Knowledge and Science in Marine Environments: A Review
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Thornton, Thomas F; University of Oxford; thomas.thornton@ouce.ox.ac.uk; Scheer, Adela  Maciejewski ; McGill University; admasch@gmail.com.
Local and traditional ecological knowledge (LTK) is increasingly recognized as an important component of scientific research, conservation, and resource management. Especially where there are gaps in the scientific literature, LTK can be a critical source of basic environmental data; this situation is particularly apparent in the case of marine ecosystems, about which comparatively less is known than terrestrial ones. We surveyed the global literature relating to the LTK of marine environments and analyzed what knowledge has been collected and with what aims and results. A large proportion of LTK which has been documented by researchers consists of species-specific information that is important for traditional resource use. However, knowledge relating to...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive comanagement; Collaborative research; Collaborative resource management; Ecological monitoring; Environmental change; Historical ecology; Local and traditional knowledge (LTK); Marine conservation; Marine ecology; Marine ecosystems.
Ano: 2012

Contracts or Scripts? A Critical Review of the Application of Institutional Theories to the Study of Environmental Change
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Hotimsky, Samy; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; s.hotimsky@uea.ac.uk; Cobb, Richard; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; d.cobb@uea.ac.uk; Bond, Alan; School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia; alan.bond@uea.ac.uk.
The impact of new institutionalism on the study of human environment interactions has been meaningful. Institutional perspectives have further shaped and modified the field problems of common pool resources, environmental hazards, and risk and environmental management. Given the relative potential of institutional theories to increase the comprehension of the various dimensions of human&amp;#8211;environmental interactions, it has become increasingly important to attempt to consolidate different interpretations of what institutions are, and how they mediate and constrain possibilities for more successful environmental outcomes. This article focuses primarily on contending ontological perspectives on institutions and institutional change. It argues that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Environmental change; Institutions; Ontology.
Ano: 2006

First Field-Based Evidence That the Seagrass-Lucinid Mutualism Can Mitigate Sulfide Stress in Seagrasses
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Van Der Geest, Matthijs; Van Der Heide, Tjisse; Holmer, Marianne; De Wit, Rutger.
Seagrass meadows form vital ecological components of coastal zones worldwide, but are rapidly declining. Large-scale seagrass diebacks have been related to accumulation of toxic sulfide in the sediment, a phenomenon predicted to occur more frequently in the near future due to ongoing global warming and increasing organic loading of coastal systems worldwide. Recently, a facultative mutualism between seagrasses and lucinid bivalves with endosymbiotic sulfide-consuming gill bacteria was discovered that may prevent toxic sulfide accumulation in seagrass sediments. Yet, direct field-based evidence for the importance of this mutualism in alleviating sulfide stress in seagrasses is currently lacking, as well as how its role may change when sediment sulfide...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Delta S-34; Seagrass performance; Environmental change; Sediment sulfide stress; Seagrass-lucinid mutualism; Lucinid bivalves; Mutualistic interactions.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00609/72073/70782.pdf

Does trace element composition of bivalve shells record utra-high frequency environmental variations?
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Poitevin, Pierre; Chauvaud, Laurent; Pecheyran, Christophe; Lazure, Pascal; Jolivet, Aurélie; Thebault, Julien.
Saint-Pierre and Miquelon (SPM) is a small archipelago where instrumental measures based on water column velocity and temperature profiles compiled comprehensive evidence for strong near-diurnal (25.8h) current and bottom temperature oscillations (up to 11.5 °C) which is possibly the largest ever observed — at any frequency — on a stratified mid-latitude continental shelf. The main objective of our study was to identify if Placopecten magellanicus can record on its shell these high frequency environmental variations. To this end, we have tried to identify proxies for water temperature and food availability through development of a new ultra-high resolution LA-ICPMS analyses method capable of resolving shell surface elemental composition with a 10 μm...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ultra-high resolution LA-ICPMS; Placopecten magellanicus; Shell chemistry; Trace elements; Environmental change; Bivalve; Environmental proxies; North Atlantic; Saint-Pierre and Miquelon; Coastal trapped wave.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00612/72400/71345.pdf

Antarctic climate change and the environment
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Convey, P.; Bindschadler, R.; Di Prisco, G.; Fahrbach, E.; Gutt, J.; Hodgson, D. A.; Mayewski, P. A.; Summerhayes, C. P.; Turner, J.; ACCE CONSORTIUM.
The Antarctic climate system varies on timescales from orbital, through millennial to sub-annual, and is closely coupled to other parts of the global climate system. We review these variations from the perspective of the geological and glaciological records and the recent historical period from which we have instrumental data (similar to the last 50 years). We consider their consequences for the biosphere, and show how the latest numerical models project changes into the future, taking into account human actions in the form of the release of greenhouse gases and chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere. In doing so, we provide an essential Southern Hemisphere companion to the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Biology; Environmental change; Geology; Glaciology; Southern Ocean.
Ano: 2009
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00292/40357/82998.pdf

Impact of environmental variability on Pinctada margaritifera life-history traits: A full life cycle deb modeling approach
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Sangare, Nathanael; Lo-yat, Alain; Le Moullac, Gilles; Pecquerie, Laure; Thomas, Yoann; Lefebvre, Sebastien; Le Gendre, Romain; Beliaeff, Benoit; Andréfouët, Serge.
The black-lipped pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera) is extensively farmed in French Polynesia to produce black pearls. For a sustainable management of marine resources, studying interactions between organisms and environment, and the associated factors and processes that will impact their life cycle and thus modulate population dynamics is a major research priority. Here, we describe black-lipped pearl oyster energy acquisition and use, and its control by temperature and food concentration within the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) theory framework. The model parametrization was based on literature data and a specific laboratory experiment. Model validation was carried out thanks to historical in-situ datasets and a dedicated field survey. Three theoretical...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Bivalve; Physiology; Bioenergetics; Dynamic energy budget theory; Environmental change; Pearl farming.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00613/72469/71614.pdf

Perception of natural habitat changes of West African marine protected areas
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Failler, Pierre; Touron-gardic, Gregoire; Sadio, Oumar; Traore, Marie-suzanne.
The evolution of marine protected areas (MPAs) in West Africa is reviewed through a survey of managers' perception carried on between 2017 and 2018 for the establishment of the baseline of MPAs of the Network of Marine Protected Areas of West Africa (RAMPAO). Managers report that all natural habitats are subject to surface area losses. The most affected habitats were beaches, mudflats and estuarine channels, caused by erosion and rainfall deficit. Seagrasses, rocky bottoms and coral reefs also seem to be affected, but as they are not monitored and as the managers' knowledge is poor toward these habitats, changes are not properly recorded. Despite some damages, coastal forests seem to be the only natural habitat that see positive changes, mainly due to...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Environmental change; Marine Protected Areas (MPAs); Manager perception; Satellite images; Habitats changes.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00657/76866/78194.pdf

Reconstructing salinity changes and environmental influence on dinoflagellate cysts in the central Baltic Sea since the late 19th century
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Sildever, Sirje; Ribeiro, Sofia; Mertens, Kenneth; Andersen, Thorbjørn Joest; Moros, Matthias; Kuijpers, Antoon.
We present a record of dinoflagellate cyst assemblage composition, abundance, and morphology from the central Baltic Sea, spanning from the late 19th to the early 21st century. Environmental time-series were analyzed in relation to changes in community structure and diversity as inferred from the sediment record, and average summer sea surface salinity (SSS) was reconstructed based on the average process length of Protoceratium reticulatum resting cysts. The reconstructed summer SSS was compared to instrumental data for a critical evaluation of this approach. The most abundant species in this record were P. reticulatum and Biecheleria baltica, and on average ten taxa were identified per sample. The cyst record of B. baltica indicated that although this...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Baltic Sea; Biecheleria baltica; Dinoflagellate cysts; Environmental change; Protoceratium reticulatum; Sea-surface salinity; Sediment core records.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00481/59300/61994.pdf

The deglaciation of the northwest sector of the last British-Irish ice sheet : integrating onshore and offshore data relating to chronology and behaviour
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Small, David.
It is now accepted that the last British-Irish Ice Sheet (BIIS) was highly dynamic and drained by numerous fast flowing ice streams. This dynamic nature combined with its maritime location made the BIIS sensitive to the rapid climate change that characterised the Last Glacial Interglacial Transition. Gaining an understanding of the behaviour of the BIIS at this time is important to explore the nature of forcing between ice sheets and climate. This thesis presents new chronological data relating to the deglaciation of the northwest sector of the BIIS (NW-BIIS) from onshore dating of moraines using cosmogenic exposure dating. This improved chronological framework is supported by offshore data in the form of a newly constructed Ice Rafted Detritus (IRD)...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: British-Irish Ice Sheet; Deglaciation; Cosmogenic; Ice rafted detritus; Provenance; Environmental change.
Ano: 2013
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00499/61039/64446.pdf

Analyzing the market position of fish species subject to the impact of long-term changes: a case study of French fisheries in the Bay of Biscay
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Le Floc' H, P; Poulard, Jean-charles; Thebaud, Olivier; Blanchard, Fabian; Bihel, J; Steinmetz, Fabien.
Market position and its evolution were analysed in nine key fish and cephalopod species subject to long-term changes, using the Bay of Biscay fisheries as a case study. Although such long term changes have already been documented, and in some cases shown to be related to the impacts of fishing, changes in the physical environment, or both, relatively little work has been devoted to their potential consequences in economic terms. The nature and extent of these consequences was determined in the present study by looking at the composition of the affected fish production, and the status of different fish products on the markets. We propose a methodology to characterize market position for this set of nine species. The selected species represent a significant...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Atlantic Ocean; Fish market; Macro economic aggregates; Environmental change.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2008/publication-4716.pdf

Australia’s biosecurity: future challenges for animal industries
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Nunn,   Mike J.
Australia’s very good animal health status faces a wide range of biosecurity challenges that will arise during the next decade from changes in disease risk, ecosystems, technology and the policy environment in which animal producers operate. An understanding of these challenges should help enable producers to adopt management strategies to make their enterprises more resilient, as well as help policy-makers make better-informed choices to maintain and improve the health of Australia’s animals and animal industries.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Animal health; Biosecurity; Climate change; Ecosystem change; Emerging diseases; Environmental change; Policy; Risk; Risk analysis; Technology; Farm Management.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122900

Does an urban environment affect leaf structure of Eugenia uniflora L. (Myrtaceae)?
Provedor de dados: Acta Botanica Brasilica
Autores: Bezerra,Laís de Almeida; Callado,Cátia Henriques; Cunha,Maura Da.
ABSTRACT External factors can interfere with the structure and biological activity of plants. Nevertheless, the susceptibility of plants to specific environmental conditions varies, which raises many questions about the behavior of medicinal plants when grown in urban areas. This study aims to detect possible changes induced by exposure of Eugenia uniflora L. to an urban environment, with emphasis on variation in external and internal leaf structure and differences in the production of its main metabolites. We compared leaves of E. uniflora cultivated in forest and urban sites and analyzed them for structural plasticity and characteristics indicative of stress in the urban environment. The leaves of the urban site revealed necrosis and reddish spots,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Atmospheric pollution; Brazilian cherry; Environmental change; Histochemistry; Pitangueira; Urban environment.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062020000200266

The effects of fragmentation on Araucaria forest: analysis of the fern and lycophyte communities at sites subject to different edge conditions
Provedor de dados: Acta Botanica Brasilica
Autores: Silva,Vinícius Leão da; Schmitt,Jairo Lizandro.
Edge effects impact species richness and composition as a result of environmental changes caused by fragmentation. This study analyzed edge effects on a community of terrestrial ferns and lycophytes in an Araucaria forest in Brazil at sites subjected to differing edge conditions: (1) a site bordering a road running through the interior of a conservation unit, and (2) a site bordering an agricultural property. Twelve 10 × 10 m plots were selected at the edge and in the interior of each site, and accounted for a total of 48 plots. The edges had lost their characteristic floristic identity, suggesting that many species are sensitive to variations in environmental conditions. The edge effect had a negative impact on species richness as shown by the greater...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Edge effect; Environmental change; Microclimate; Mixed rain forest; Soil.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062015000200223