Consulta: subjectFacets:"Environmental policy"
Registros recuperados: 64
Data/hora: 09/06/2024 11:35:46

Coproductive capacities: rethinking science-governance relations in a diverse world
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: van Kerkhoff, Lorrae E.; The Australian National University; lorrae.vankerkhoff@anu.edu.au; Lebel, Louis; Chiang Mai University, Thailand; llebel@loxinfo.co.th.
Tackling major environmental change issues requires effective partnerships between science and governance, but relatively little work in this area has examined the diversity of settings from which such partnerships may, or may not, emerge. In this special feature we draw on experiences from around the world to demonstrate and investigate the consequences of diverse capacities and capabilities in bringing science and governance together. We propose the concept of coproductive capacities as a useful new lens through which to examine these relations. Coproductive capacity is &amp;#8220;the combination of scientific resources and governance capability that shapes the extent to which a society, at various levels, can operationalize relationships between...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Capacity development; Coproduction; Environmental governance; Environmental policy; Knowledge; Scale; Science-policy interface; Sustainable development.
Ano: 2015

Incorporating Science into the Environmental Policy Process: a Case Study from Washington State
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Francis, Tessa B.; University of Washington; tessa@u.washington.edu; Whittaker, Kara A.; University of Washington; karaayn@u.washington.edu; Shandas, Vivek; University of Washington; chickade@u.washington.edu; Mills, April V.; University of Washington; amills@u.washington.edu; Graybill, Jessica K.; University of Washington; graybill@u.washington.edu.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Best available science; Critical areas ordinance; Environmental policy; Growth Management Act; Land-use planning; Washington State.
Ano: 2005

An Empirical Analysis of Stakeholders&amp;#8217; Influence on Policy Development: the Role of Uncertainty Handling
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Bijlsma, Rianne M.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; Deltares, The Netherlands; r.m.bijlsma@alumnus.utwente.nl; Bots, Pieter W. G.; Cemagref (UMR G-EAU); University of Delft, The Netherlands; p.w.g.bots@tudelft.nl; Wolters, Henk A.; Deltares, The Netherlands; henk.wolters@deltares.nl; Hoekstra, Arjen Y.; University of Twente, The Netherlands; a.y.hoekstra@utwente.nl.
Stakeholder participation is advocated widely, but there is little structured, empirical research into its influence on policy development. We aim to further the insight into the characteristics of participatory policy development by comparing it to expert-based policy development for the same case. We describe the process of problem framing and analysis, as well as the knowledge base used. We apply an uncertainty perspective to reveal differences between the approaches and speculate about possible explanations. We view policy development as a continuous handling of substantive uncertainty and process uncertainty, and investigate how the methods of handling uncertainty of actors influence the policy development. Our findings suggest that the wider frame...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Framing; Participation; Policy development; Policy process; Stakeholder involvement; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2011

Achieving ecological restoration by working with local people: a Chinese scholar seeks win-win paths
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Zheng, Heran; College of Economic Management, Beijing Forestry University; zhengheran@foxmail.com; Wang, Guosheng; China Law Society; gshwang@126.com.
Environmental degradation and poverty are linked, and this means that conservation and poverty reduction must be tackled together. However, finding a successful integrated strategy has been an elusive goal. We describe the career of a Chinese scholar, Shixiong Cao, whose persistent efforts to find and follow win-win paths have led to ecological restoration accompanied by long-term benefits for local residents. Cao&amp;#8217;s story illustrates how development that combines environmental and economic perspectives can both help people to escape the poverty trap and restore degraded environments. His experience demonstrates that when environmental managers find solutions that can mitigate or eliminate poverty through the development of green enterprises, they...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article
Palavras-chave: Environmental conservation; Environmental policy; Poverty trap; Scientific philosophy; Socioeconomic development.
Ano: 2014

Exploring the Promise of Actor Analysis for Environmental Policy Analysis: Lessons from Four Cases in Water Resources Management
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Hermans, Leon M.; Delft University of Technology; l.m.hermans@tudelft.nl.
A persistent challenge for the development of well-informed and sound environmental policies is to improve the connection between environmental experts, decision makers, and other involved actors. Answers are sought in processes for social learning and adaptive co-management that engage experts, decision makers, and local actors in an interactive way of policy making. The preparation and organization of such interactive processes is usefully supported by actor analysis, which can help to identify the main actors to be involved in environmental policy making, to locate useful local knowledge, to identify potential conflicts, and to assess the feasibility of different policy measures. I explored the promise that actor analysis holds to support environmental...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Actor analysis; Environmental policy; Policy analysis; Stakeholder analysis; Water resources management.
Ano: 2008

Fit in the Body: Matching Embodied Cognition with Social-Ecological Systems
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Hukkinen, Janne I; University of Helsinki; janne.i.hukkinen@helsinki.fi.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptive cycle; Adaptive management; Blending; Cognitive anthropology; Cognitive linguistics; Conceptual integration; Embodied cognition; Environmental policy; Neoclassical economics; Panarchy; Social-ecological systems; Socio-ecological systems.
Ano: 2012

Uncertainty as Information: Narrowing the Science-policy Gap
Provedor de dados: Ecology and Society
Autores: Bradshaw, G. A.; National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis (NCEAS) and  USDA Forest S; bradshaw@nceas.ucsb.edu; Borchers, Jeffrey G; Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University; borcherj@ucs.orst.edu.
Conflict and indecision are hallmarks of environmental policy formulation. Some argue that the requisite information and certainty fall short of scientific standards for decision making; others argue that science is not the issue and that indecisiveness reflects a lack of political willpower. One of the most difficult aspects of translating science into policy is scientific uncertainty. Whereas scientists are familiar with uncertainty and complexity, the public and policy makers often seek certainty and deterministic solutions. We assert that environmental policy is most effective if scientific uncertainty is incorporated into a rigorous decision-theoretic framework as knowledge, not ignorance. The policies that best utilize scientific findings are defined...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Decision making; Environmental policy; Global climate change; Monitoring; Risk; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2000

Mitigação das emissões de gases de efeitos estufa pela adoção das tecnologias do Plano ABC: estimativas parciais.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: MANZATTO, C. V.; ARAUJO, L. S. de; ASSAD, E. D.; SAMPAIO, F. G.; SOTTA, E. D.; VICENTE, L. E.; PEREIRA, S. E. M.; LOEBMANN, D. G. dos S. W.; VICENTE, A. K.
A publicação apresenta um primeiro estudo efetuado sobre as tecnologias preconizadas pela Plataforma ABC (TECabc) e que teve como objetivos discutir e analisar a lógica produtiva de tais tecnologias e realizar uma estimativa inicial da contribuição do Plano ABC para a mitigação das emissões dos gases de efeito estufa, ressaltando-se as variações e incertezas dos dados disponíveis sobre a adoção das TECabc, a diversidade de sistemas de produção e manejo do solo e a ausência de coeficientes de emissõ es regionalizados.
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Recuperação de pastagem; Fixação biológica de nitrogênio; Gases de efeito estufa; Mitigação; Agricultura Sustentável; Efeito Estufa; Mudança Climática; Agrossilvicultura; Fixação Simbiótica de Nitrogênio; Florestamento; Política Ambiental; Plantio Direto; Greenhouse gas emissions; Sustainable agricultural intensification; Integrated agricultural systems; Nitrogen fixation; Waste treatment; Animal wastes; Environmental policy.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1123612

Plano municipal de mitigação e adaptação às mudanças do clima de Rio Branco.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: AMARAL, E. F. do; NASCIMENTO, W.; BRILHANTE, S. H. C.; GUERRA, R.; SOUSA, M. L.; MARTORANO, L. G.; MORAES, J. R. da S. C. de; VIANA, J. G. de L.; FRANKE, I. L.; SAVIAN, G.; PANTOJA, E.
O Plano Municipal de Mitigação e Adaptação às Mudanças do Clima (PMMC) norteará o município de Rio Branco na definição de políticas e projetos voltados à mitigação e adaptação às mudanças climáticas. Este Plano reúne as ações prioritárias a serem implementadas, para o enfrentamento dos desafios prementes, constituindo-se em um pacto de esperança e compromisso com os moradores de Rio Branco.
Tipo: Livro técnico (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Amazonia Occidental.; Cambio climático; Reducción de riesgos; Acre; Amazônia Ocidental; Western Amazon; Mudança Climática; Políticas Públicas; Política Ambiental; Impacto Ambiental; Redução.; Public policy; Climate change; Risk reduction.; Environmental policy.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1130604

Índice de dissipação de erosividade.
Provedor de dados: Informação Tecnológica em Agricultura (Infoteca-e)
Autores: D'AGOSTINI, L. R.; DENARDIN, J. E.; LEMAINSKI, J.
bitstream/item/175114/1/ID44322-2017DO175.pdf
Tipo: Documentos (INFOTECA-E)
Palavras-chave: Erosão; Política ambiental; Soil erosion; Environmental policy.
Ano: 2017
URL: http://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/handle/doc/1090308

Addressing Marine and Coastal Governance Conflicts at the Interface of Multiple Sectors and Jurisdictions
Provedor de dados: Institutional Archive of Ifreme (ArchiMer)
Autores: Bellanger, Manuel; Speir, Cameron; Blanchard, Fabian; Brooks, Kate; Butler, James R. A.; Crosson, Scott; Fonner, Robert; Gourguet, Sophie; Holland, Daniel S.; Kuikka, Sakari; Le Gallic, Bertrand; Lent, Rebecca; Libecap, Gary D.; Lipton, Douglas W.; Nayak, Prateep Kumar; Reid, David; Scemama, Pierre; Stephenson, Robert; Thébaud, Olivier; Young, Juliette C.
Marine and coastal activities are closely interrelated, and conflicts among different sectors can undermine management and conservation objectives. Governance systems for fisheries, power generation, irrigation, aquaculture, marine biodiversity conservation, and other coastal and maritime activities are typically organized to manage conflicts within sectors, rather than across them. Based on the discussions around eight case studies presented at a workshop held in Brest in June 2019, this paper explores institutional approaches to move beyond managing conflicts within a sector. We primarily focus on cases where the groups and sectors involved are heterogeneous in terms of: the jurisdiction they fall under; their objectives; and the way they value ecosystem...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Trade-offs; Ecosystem management; Ecosystem services; Cross-sectoral coordination; Marine governance; Multi-jurisdictional conflicts; Institutions; Environmental policy.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00652/76376/77383.pdf

Adaptation to Climate Change in the Developing World
Provedor de dados: Ocean Docs: e-repository of  publications
Autores: Huq, S.; Adger, W.N.; Brown, K.; Hulme, M.
The world’s climate is changing and will continue to change into the coming century at rates projected to be unprecedented in recent human history. The risks associated with these changes are real but highly uncertain. Societal vulnerability to the risks associated with climate change may exacerbate ongoing social and economic challenges, particularly for those parts of societies dependent on resources that are sensitive to changes in climate. Risks are apparent in agriculture, fisheries and many other components that constitute the livelihood of rural populations in developing countries. In this paper we explore the nature of risk and vulnerability in the context of climate change and review the evidence on present-day adaptation in developing countries...
Tipo: Journal Contribution
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Vulnerability; Climate change; Environmental policy; Developing countries; Climate change; Http://aims.fao.org/aos/agrovoc/c_35367.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/833

A note on the performance measure of conservation auctions
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven.
We argue that previous assessments of discriminatory-price conservation auctions may have systematically overestimated their performance relative to uniform-payment schemes due to an inappropriate counterfactual comparison. We demonstrate that the cost curve (and not the bid curve) is the relevant supply curve when a uniform payment is offered and provide a theoretically rigorous counterfactual based on that insight. We estimate that the performance of BushTender may have been overrated by more than 50%.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Procurement; Tenders; Conservation; Economic experiments; Model validation; Plus: assessment method; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C91; C92; D44; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100885

Environmental Mechanism Designs in a New Order of Regulatory Capitalism
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Mullen,   Jeffrey D.; Centner,   Terence J.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
Complexity of environmental programs is most apparent with information asymmetries, making the design of efficient mechanisms particularly challenging.  As developed theoretically in this paper, a new regulatory capitalism paradigm mating voluntary agreements with environmental education can produce outcomes at least as efficient as voluntary agreements alone.  Such a design exploits a key difference between voluntary agreements versus educational programs in terms of their impact on agents' incentive compatibilities.  Specifically, in a principal-agent model, voluntary agreements are associated with an incentive-compatibility constraint, whereas educational programs are not.  The efficient bundle will likely consist of a set of education programs and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Command and control; Environmental education; Environmental policy; Voluntary agreements; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9357

A Paradox for Agro-Environmental Land Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Feng,   Hongli.
A regulator with a fixed budget to spend on securing environmental benefits from farmed land has to choose between how many acres to enroll and the extent of benefits to require of each enrolled acre. Here we consider, given heterogeneous land, what properties of the environmental benefit-to-cost ratio imply for the choice of optimal program as the available budget varies. Conditions are found such that a program of high benefits on few acres is preferred for any budget level. It is also possible that a program delivering low benefits per acre at low cost is preferred on each land type, and yet a high benefit program is optimal policy, a variant of Simpson’s paradox.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Benefit-to-cost ratio; Environmental policy; Land heterogeneity; Simpson’s paradox.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53934

ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY REFORM: A TAXONOMY OF ECONOMISTS' PERSPECTIVES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shabman,   Leonard A.; Stephenson,   Kurt.
As the environmental policy recommendations of economists become more acceptable, differences in the professional understanding of, and support for, different policy forms are becoming more apparent. These different approaches to environmental policy and research are described around a taxonomy of four perspectives: "rational analysts," "cost analysts", "market managers," and "free market environmentalists." These perspectives are compared and contrasted. Recognition of these differences can result in a better appreciation of the different research agendas of economists and can improve clarity in teaching and policy advising.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Economic incentives; Environmental policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15225

Strategic Choice of International Emissions Trading Scheme in an Open Economy with Perfect Competition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Boom,   Jan Tjeerd.
Emissions trading can be organized in several ways. In particular, private emissions trading can be organized as permit trading, or as credit trading. The schemes have a different impact on output with credit trading leading to a higher output level than permit trading. This paper analyzes what the optimal choice of emissions trading scheme is in a model with international trade and perfect competition in the product and emission quota market. Furthermore, I discuss whether it is optimal for the country to allow its firms to trade emissions internationally. The paper shows that countries want to use these schemes in different circumstances, depending on whether they import or export the good. Furthermore, it is shown that in several cases, countries...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Emissions trading; Credit trading; International trade; Perfect competition; Strategic behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; F10; L51; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24196

ACCOUNTING FOR SPATIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATERSHEDS IN EVALUATING WATER POLLUTION ABATEMENT POLICIES
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Qiu,   Zeyuan; Prato,   Anthony A.
This study evaluates three agricultural nonpoint pollution abatement policies: regulating the spatial pattern of agricultural activities, ambient tax, and abatement tax/subsidy.  All three policies incorporate spatial characteristics of agricultural emission loading and movement for an agricultural watershed in the Midwest.  The effects of spatial variation in natural conditions and landscape features on agricultural emissions and crop yield are evaluated using a newly developed biophysical simulation model and experimental data.  While the policies are equally cost effective in reducing agricultural nonpoint source pollution, their implementation feasibility is quite different.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Atrazine; Environmental policy; Nonpoint pollution; Simulation; Watershed management; Water quality; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15135

Tradable Green Certificates as a Policy Instrument? A Discussion on the Case of Poland
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Heinzel,   Christoph; Winkler,   Thomas.
Quota obligation schemes based on tradable green certificates have become a popular policy instrument to expand power generation from renewable energy sources (RES). Their application, however, can neither be justified as a first-best response to a market failure, nor, in a second-best sense, as an instrument mitigating distortionary effects of the emissions externality, if an emissions trading system exists that fully covers the energy industry. We study how ancillary reasons, in form of overcoming various barriers for RES use and establishing beneficial side-effects, such as industry development, energy security, and abatement of pollutants not covered under the ETS, apply to the scheme recently introduced in Poland. While setting substantial expansion...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Tradable green certificates; Environmental policy; Poland; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95068

Limited Cooperation in International Environmental Agreements
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Sacheti,   Sandeep.
Governments' desire to ameliorate environmental problems may conflict with other goals. Policy levels which balance different objectives can be altered by policy changes in other countries. A decrease in the importance of the pollution problem, or an increase in its global extent, increase the likelihood that tighter environmental regulations in one region induce laxer policies elsewhere. The transboundary character and the importance of environmental externalities also affect the amount of cooperation needed to improve members' welfare in a coalition. More global pollution problems require a larger coalition. However, the critical coalition size may be larger or smaller for more severe problems.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Limited cooperation; International environmental agreements; Strategic complements and substitution; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade; F02; F13; H21; L13; Q28.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6286

A Reconsideration of Environmental Federalism
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oates,   Wallace E.
This paper provides a review and assessment of the debate over environmental federalism-the issue of the roles of different levels of government in environmental management. The paper begins with the presentation of three benchmark cases that provide a framework for thinking about the issue. It then offers a review, first of the theoretical literature and second of some new, provocative empirical literature on the race to the bottom. The paper contends that there remains, under certain circumstances, an important role for decentralized government in the setting of environmental standards and the design of regulatory programs. The central government, in addition to setting standards for "national" pollutants, has a fundamental contribution to make in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental federalism; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H1; H7.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10460

The Political economy of environmental policy with overlapping generations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Karp,   Larry S.; Rezai,   Amon.
A two-sector OLG model illuminates previously unexamined intergenerational effects of a tax that protects an environmental stock. A traded asset capitalizes the economic returns to future tax-induced environmental improvements, benefiting the current asset owners, the old generation. Absent a transfer, the tax harms the young generation by decreasing their real wage. Future generations benefit from the tax-induced improvement in environmental stock. The principal  intergenerational conflict arising from public policy is between generations alive at the time society imposes the policy, not between generations alive at different times. A Pareto-improving policy can be implemented under various political economy settings.
Tipo: Working Paper
Palavras-chave: Open-access resource; Two-sector overlapping generations; Resource tax; Generational conflict; Environmental policy; Dynamic bargaining; Markov perfection; Environmental Economics and Policy; E24; H23; Q20; Q52; Q54.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123718

Comparison at Dairy Farm Level of Different Policies to Decrease Nutrient Losses to Ground and Surface Waters in the Netherlands
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Berentsen,   Paul B.M.
This paper describes and compares two governmental policies that aim to decrease nutrient losses from farming to ground and surface waters in the Netherlands. The mineral bookkeeping system (MINAS) is the first policy. It is applied in the Netherlands since 1998 and it is based on a farm gate balance approach. This national policy was definitely rejected on October 2, 2003 by the EU Court of Justice as it was considered not to comply fully with the EU Nitrate Directive. Consequently, the Netherlands developed the Application Standards Policy (ASP) based on a soil balance approach which will replace MINAS starting 2006. Especially for dairy farming, that combines plant and animal production, nutrient input and output at soil level are hard to determine as...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy farming; Nutrient losses; Environmental policy; Nitrate directive; Cost-effectiveness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24290

Using Incentives to Buy Land-Use Change in Agriculture for Environmental Benefits
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pannell,   David J.
In general, the use of incentive payments to landholders in environmental programs is poorly thought through. This article discusses situations where environmental incentive payments are more likely to be a cost-effective response by environmental funders. It is proposed that incentives can be used in two broad ways: to encourage trialling of new practices by landholders, or to compensate landholders for losses resulting from land-use changes. It appears that environmental funders often do not pay sufficient attention to the differences between these two approaches. The first approach only makes sense if the new practices are 'adoptable', and so are expected to remain attractive to landholders beyond the trialling phase. The importance of adoptability and...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental subsidies; Incentives; Externalities; Adoption of innovations; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q28; Q57; Q58; H23; H4.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25397

VOLUNTARY ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL RISK TRADEOFFS IN CROP PROTECTION DECISIONS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lohr,   Luanne; Park,   Timothy A.; Wetzstein,   Michael E.
An indirect utility model is employed for measuring farmers willingness to voluntarily accept yield losses for a reduction in environmental risk by decreasing pesticide use.  Results support the hypothesis that farmers have self-described risk perceptions that enable them to make assessments of risk-yield tradeoffs.  Policies designed to encourage and assist farmers making voluntary pesticide reductions can result in environmental risk reduction.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Pesticides. regulation; Environmental policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16654

Exploring the cost effectiveness of land conservation auctions and payment policies
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Connor,   Jeffery D.; Ward,   John R.; Bryan,   Brett.
This article evaluates the cost-effectiveness of the Catchment Care Australian conservation auction. It provides evidence of auction cost effectiveness, and estimates cost savings from two discrete components: (i) the opportunity cost revelation incentive provided by the auction mechanism, and (ii) the improved environmental targeting capacity that results from development of a scientifically based environmental benefits assessment capacity. Results show that there are potentially very large returns associated with the latter component that have been overlooked in the literature. Additionally, transaction costs involved with administering the case study conservation auction and the prior non-auction payment policy are compared. We find that the...
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Auctions; Biodiversity; Cost effectiveness; Environmental economics; Environmental policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118545

Environmental regulation and horizontal mergers in the eco-industry
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Canton,   Joan; David,   Maia; Sinclair-Desgagne,   Bernard.
This paper considers the environmental policy and welfare implications of a merger between environment firms (i.e., firms managing environmental resources or supplying pollution abatement goods and services). The traditional analysis of mergers in Cournot oligopolies is extended in two ways. First, we show how environmental policy affects the incentives of environment firms to merge. Second, we stress that mergers in the eco-industry impact welfare beyond what is observed in other sectors, due to an extra effect on pollution abatement efforts; this might lead to disagreements between an anti-trust agency seeking to limit market concentration which can be detrimental to consumer surplus and a benevolent regulator who maximizes total welfare.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Eco-industry; Environmental policy; Horizontal mergers; Environmental Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; D62; H23; L11.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44456

LANDOWNER DECISION MAKING ABOUT RIPARIAN BUFFERS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lynch,   Lori; Brown,   Cheryl.
A two-stage model is used to examine a landowner's decision to use riparian buffers.  First, the farmer chooses whether to continue farming or to sell the land for development.  If the farmer continues farming, then he or she must decide whether or not to plant a buffer.  If the farmer plants a buffer, he or she must choose its type: trees or grass.  Simulations of a representative farmer determine the parameters and parameter values that affect each decision.  The farmer chooses to plant a buffer unless the net crop price is high or the land rental rate is low.  The choice of buffer type is affected by crop price, farm size, relative incentive payments, relative cost share rates, and amount of deer damage.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Agricultural land-use; Conservation Reserve Enhancement Program; Environmental policy; Land-use; Riparian buffers; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15309

Informal Sector Pollution Control: What Policy Options Do We Have?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Blackman,   Allen.
In developing countries, urban clusters of informal firms such as brick kilns and leather tanneries can create severe pollution problems. However, these firms are quite difficult to regulate for a variety of technical and political reasons. Drawing on the literature, this paper first develops a list of feasible environmental management policies. It then examines how these policies have fared in four independent efforts to control emissions from informal brick kilns in northern Mexico. The case studies suggest that: (i) conventional command and control process standards are generally only enforceable when buttressed by peer monitoring, (ii) surprisingly, clean technologies can be successfully diffused even when they raise variable costs, in part because...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Informal sector; Environmental policy; Latin America; Mexico; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10634

Optimal Soil Management and Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oueslati,   Walid.
This paper studies the effects of environmental policy on the farmer’s soil optimal management. We consider a dynamic economic model of soil erosion where the intensity use of inputs allows the farmer to control soil losses. Therefore, inputs use induces a pollution which is accentuated by the soil fragility. We show, at the steady state, that environmental tax induces a more conservative farmer behavior for soil, but in some cases it can exacerbates pollution. These effects can be moderated when farmer introduces abatement activity.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Soil erosion; Pollution; Environmental policy; Optimal soil conservation; Abatement activities; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q12; Q24; Q28; Q52; H23.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24533

Research Frontiers in the Economics of Climate Change
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Toman,   Michael.
Academic and policy debates over climate change risks and policies have stimulated economic research in a variety of fields. In this article I briefly discuss eight overlapping areas of current research in which further effort particularly is warranted. These areas include decision criteria for policy; risk assessment and adaptation; uncertainty and learning; abatement cost and the innovation and diffusion of technology; and the credibility of policies and international agreements. Further analysis in these areas not only will advance academic understanding but also will provide insights of considerable importance to policymakers.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Sustainable development; Integrated assessment; Environmental uncertainty; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q48.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10507

Incentives to Supply Enhanced Ecosystem Services from Cropland
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Jolejole,   Christina B.; Swinton,   Scott M.; Lupi,   Frank.
This paper examines the willingness of farmers to participate in hypothetical programs that would pay them to adopt cropping practices that enhance provision of ecosystem services from agriculture. A survey of 3,000 Michigan corn and soybean farmers elicited willingness to adopt four sets of cropping practices that reflected increasing levels of environmental stewardship. Acreage enrollments in the programs were modeled using hurdle models. The acreage that farmers would be willing to enroll depends chiefly on farm size and the perception of environmental improvements from the practices.  For farms over 500 acres, the payment offered was also a significant inducement to acreage enrollment in all systems examined. This paper advances the literature on...
Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation
Palavras-chave: Willingness to participate; Willingness to accept; Stated preference; Supply response; Ecosystem services; Payment for environmental services; Agricultural policy; Agro-environmental policy; Environmental policy; Corn; Soybean; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q18; Q51; Q57.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49356

Mitigating the Compliance Cost of a Phosphorus-Based Swine Manure Management Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Yap,   Crystal; Foster,   Kenneth A.; Preckel,   Paul V.; Doering,   Otto C., III; Richert,   Brian T.
Regulatory changes by federal and state agencies portend a switch from nitrogen-based livestock manure disposal policies to phosphorus-based policies. This paper estimates the compliance costs of such a policy change for a hypothetical hog-grain farm in North Central Indiana. The farm includes 1,500 acres of cropland and has the capacity to raise 11,970 grow-finish hogs annually. The farm model also as the potential to produce four different crops on six different land types. A nonlinear math-programming model was developed to determine the optimal mix of management activities for a phosphorus-based regulation. The model allows mitigation of compliance costs via the choice between four different pig diets, three alternative methods of manure disposal,...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Manure management; Pork production; Q18.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42944

Explaining Environmental Management System Development: A Stakeholder Approach
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Bremmers,   Harry J.; Omta,   S.W.F. (Onno); Haverkamp,   Derk-Jan.
Managerial changes are necessary for companies in the Dutch food industry and agribusiness to lessen the environmental impact of their activities. To identify the opportunities or limits of environmental management systems (EMSs), it is important to first understand what influence stakeholders have on EMS development. In an empirical research we found that developmental levels of internally oriented EMSs, which primarily aim at internal administrative procedures, are explained mainly by the frequency of contacts with governmental authorities. For this kind of EMSs, non-commercial stakeholder groups have a major influence on the corporate environmental policy. Externally oriented EMSs, which focus on joint efforts in supply chains, are influenced by...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental management; Stakeholders; Environmental policy; Information system; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8127

Developing a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large scale environmental regulations
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Berck,   Peter; Hess,   Peter.
This paper explains the development and implementation of a methodology for assessing the economic impacts of large-scale environmental regulations. The development process began with a literature review surveying channels through which environmental regulations might influence economic performance. Avenues deemed suitable were incorporated into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the California economy. This model is based on the California Department of Finance's Dynamic Revenue Analysis Model (DRAM). Modifications to DRAM for the current project include a revised sectoring scheme that features industries of particular regulatory interest, revamped data matrices that accommodate this new sectoring scheme, a new air pollution module,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cge models; Environmental aspects; Environmental policy; Methodology; Regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43917

Controlling Urban Air Pollution Caused by Households: Uncertainty, Prices, and Income
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Chavez,   Carlos A.; Stranlund,   John K.; Gomez,   Walter.
We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world.  Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Urban air pollution; Nonpoint pollution; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; Risk and Uncertainty; L51; H23; Q28.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93964

Does tendering conservation contracts with performance payments generate additional benefits?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Policy makers aiming to get private landholders to supply non-marketed environmental services may need to provide efficient economic incentives. Two ideas have been explored to achieve this: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and submitting the contracts to competitive tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the potential benefits of both approaches. Landholders’ risk aversion to only partially controlled outcomes may offset incentive effects if the fall in participation outweighs any increases in individual effort. Controlled lab experiments were designed on the basis of a theoretical model and were run in two countries, with varying rates of payments linked to environmental outcomes. Results...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; C92; D44; D82; D86; H57; Q24; Q28.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100883

Equity judgments and context dependence: Knowledge, efficiency and incentives
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven.
Distributional equity concerns are often at least as important as economic efficiency and ecological sustainability in environmental and natural resource management policies. Until recently, however, economists have shied away from tackling equity issues, primarily because equity appeared as a slippery concept, varying across people and circumstances. This study takes this context-dependence of equity judgments as a starting point and shows that such dependence, far from being random, is systematic. A series of controlled laboratory treatments with University students were designed to investigate the role on distributional equity judgments of such context factors as knowledge of one’s position in society, how the existence of equity-efficiency tradeoffs...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Equity; Fairness; Resource allocation; Environmental policy; Experimental economics; Welfare economics; Public choice; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Public Economics; C92; D03; D63; H23; Q56; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100887

Environmental Policy, Technology Substitution, and Cross-Media Transfers
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Osei,   Edward; Babcock,   Bruce A.
We consider the implications of cross-media transfers for the analysis of environmental policy and technology substitution.  We discuss welfare implications from the standpoint of society and of the firm.  Society's solution is shown to lead to the least level of damage, output, and waste treatment costs.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Isopollution; Augmented isodamage; Isocost; Cross-media transfers; Technology substitution; Optimization; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18361

ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC SECTOR TRANSACTION COSTS IN NRCS PROGRAMS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: McCann,   Laura M.J.; Easter,   K. William.
When evaluating the economic efficiency of policies to reduce nonpoint source pollution, administrative or transaction costs are usually not taken into account.  While the importance of transaction costs has been recognized in the theoretical literature, the fact that they are not incorporated in empirical analyses means that, in effect, these costs are given a zero value.  This issue is examined quantitatively using data collected by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). Transaction costs are found to be a significant portion (38 percent) of overall conservation costs.  This provides strong support for including these costs in economic evaluations of alternative policy instruments.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: NRCS; Transaction costs; Conservation practices; Abatement costs; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15313

On the Choice of Cost and Effectiveness Indicators in the Context of the European Water Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Sinabell,   Franz; Schmid,   Erwin.
The Water Framework Directive requires EU Member States to analyse economic impacts of the Directive's implementation. To reach a "good status", instruments have to be judged according to their cost-effectiveness. We evaluate costs and effects of measures to reduce nitrate emission of Austrian agriculture. Results are based on a model that integrates production decisions with stochastic environmental outcomes. The Directive's requirement to involve stakeholders may make it necessary to take a large number of indicators into consideration. We find that alternative calculations of the effectiveness criterion give different rankings of the most effective combination of measures.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sustainable water management; Environmental policy; Cost-effectiveness analysis; Eco-eco-modelling; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28; Q18.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25394

Buying Ecological Services: Nature’s Harmonies, Fragmented Reserves and the Agricultural Extensification Debate
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hennessy,   David A.; Lapan,   Harvey E.
Growing demand for cropland products has placed intense pressure on the ability of land resources to support nature, straining public budgets to purchase environmental goods. Fixing overall agricultural output, two policy options are whether to promote more extensive and nature friendly farming practices or to produce intensively on some land and leave the rest wild. Microeconomic models of the topic have not accommodated widely recognized complementary spatial externalities in providing ecological services. This article does so, identifying also a third policy possibility. This is that environmental services can follow a smoothly varying spatial path characterized by harmonic functions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental policy; Spatial externalities; Wirtinger’s inequality.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45171

Comparative Costs and Conservation Policies for the Survival of the Oranutan and Other Species: Includes an Example
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.; Swarna Nantha,   Hemanath.
The extent to which conservation is feasible is constrained by budgets and the financial sacrifice stakeholders are willing to bear. Therefore a possible objective for conserving a species is to minimise the cost of achieving that stated aim. For example, if a minimum viable population (MVP) of a species is to be conserved, the size and type of habitats reserved for this could be selected to minimise cost. This requires consideration of the comparative (relative) opportunity costs of reserving different land types for conservation. A general model is developed to demonstrate this and is applied to the case of the orangutan. In the ecological literature, recommendations for reserving different types of land for conservation have been based on comparisons of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Comparative costs; Conservation in situ; Costs of conservation; Environmental policy; Minimum viable populations; Opportunity costs; Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus); Community/Rural/Urban Development; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q13; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90466

The Political Economy of Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Oates,   Wallace E.; Portney,   Paul R.
This paper provides a review and assessment of the extensive literature on the political determination of environmental regulation. A promising theoretical literature has emerged relatively recently that provides models of the political interaction of government with various interest groups in the setting of environmental standards and the choice of regulatory instruments. A large empirical literature supports such models, finding evidence of the influence of interest groups but also evidence that net social benefits are often an important determinant of environmental policy choices. We then take up the issue of environmental federalism and the large and growing theoretical literature that addresses the competitive "race to the bottom." The paper concludes...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental regulation; Environmental management; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; H1.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10849

The Use of Economic Incentives in Developing Countries: Lessons from International Experience with Industrial Air Pollution
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Blackman,   Allen; Harrington,   Winston.
To what extent should developing countries eschew conventional command and control environmental regulation that is increasingly seen as inefficient and rely instead on economic incentives? This paper addresses this question as it pertains to industrial air pollution. The paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various economic incentive instruments, presents in-depth case studies of their application in Sweden, the United States, China, and Poland, and proposes a number of policy guidelines. We argue that both design deficiencies and pervasive constraints on monitoring and enforcement impede the effectiveness of economic instruments in developing countries. The latter are difficult to rectify, at least in the medium term. As a result, tradable...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Economic incentives; Market-based instruments; Developing countries; Air pollution; Sweden; China; Poland; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10601

Dynamic and stochastic analysis of environmental and natural resources
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Tsur,   Yacov; Zemel,   Amos.
Uncertainty enters the dynamic tradeoffs of environmental and natural resource management in a variety of ways and forms. In this chapter we review the various sources of uncertainty, the methodologies developed to account for them and implications regarding management of environmental and natural resources.
Tipo: Article
Palavras-chave: Resource management; Environmental policy; Uncertainty; Catastrophic events; Irreversibility.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120017

Institutional analysis for nitrogen pollution abatement in a Waikato river sub-catchment in New Zealand
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ramilan,   Thiagarajah; Scrimgeour,   Frank G.; Marsh,   Dan.
Nitrogen levels in water resources in the Waikato region are increasing, mainly as a result of non-point source pollution from agricultural activities. Non-point pollution management is a complex issue requiring sufficient information and appropriate institutions. This paper considers the environmental policy literature and analyse how institutions, contract design, and monitoring and transaction costs in the presence of farm heterogeneity encourage optimal abatement. The analysis identifies the key institutional issues to be addressed in the design of appropriate policy measures to address water quality in Waikato river sub-catchment.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Transaction cost; Compliance; Contract design; Heterogeneity; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10408

Assessing the environmental externalities from biofuels in Australia
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Cuevas-Cubria,   Clara.
In Australia, as in other countries, the environmental costs and benefits of biofuel production and use have been found to vary greatly according to the production method and feedstocks used. In general, the use of biodiesel produced in Australia has been found to provide greater environmental benefits than ethanol, both in terms of reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and reduced air pollutant emissions. In this paper, estimates of GHG and air pollutant emissions arising from biofuels and petroleum fuels production and use are employed to calculate the change in environmental externalities when substituting biofuels for petroleum fuels in Australia. These estimates of externalities highlight the need to better understand the environmental implications...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Environmental policy; Greenhouse gas emissions; Air pollutants; Externalities; Australia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47624

Air Emissions of Ammonia and Methane from Livestock Operations: Valuation and Policy Options
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Shih,   Jhih-Shyang; Burtraw,   Dallas; Palmer,   Karen L.; Siikamaki,   Juha.
The animal husbandry industry is a major emitter of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. The industry is also a major emitter of ammonia, which is a precursor of fine particulate matter, arguably the number-one environment-related public health threat facing the nation. We present an integrated process model of the engineering economics of technologies to reduce methane and ammonia emissions at dairy operations in California. Three policy options are explored: greenhouse gas offset credits for methane control, particulate matter offset credits for ammonia control, and expanded net metering policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these policies appears to be sufficient to...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Methane; Ammonia; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Offset; Particulate matter; Net metering; Environmental policy; CAFO; Manure management; Biodigester; Electricity; Global warming; Cost-benefit; Incentive approach; Livestock Production/Industries; Q2; Q4; Q53.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10749

Exploring Linkages Among Agriculture, Trade, and the Environment: Issues for the Next Century
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Krissoff,   Barry; Ballenger,   Nicole; Dunmore,   John C.; Gray,   Denice.
Many trade and environment issues will confront agriculture over the next several years. This report provides an economic framework to better understand these issues and discusses prior empirical inquiries and findings. Four primary issues are addressed: (1) how will environmental policies affect agricultural trade?; (2) how will agricultural trade liberalization affect environmental quality?; (3) to what extent should there be international harmonization of environmental policies and product standards?; and (4) is there economic justification for using trade measures to protect the environment? This report demonstrates that basic economic paradigms can provide a basis for understanding how trade and the environment interact. The few empirical studies...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Trade policy; Trade; Environment; Harmonization; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33961

A method to identify and evaluate the legal and institutional framework for the management of water and land in Asia: the outcome of a study in Southeast Asia and  the People’s Republic of China.
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Hannam,   Ian.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Water management; Land management; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; China; Laos; Bangladesh; Philippines; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52970

Institutional settings and livelihood strategies in the Blue Nile Basin: Implications for upstream/downstream linkages
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Haileslassie,   Amare; Hagos,   Fitsum; Mapedza,   Everisto; Sadoff,   Claudia W.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele; Gebreselassie,   Solomon; Peden,   Don.
Through rapid assessment of existing literature and review of policy and other official documents, the report synthesizes the existing knowledge and gaps on policies and institutions and identifies key research issues that need in-depth study. The report provides an overview of the range of key livelihoods and production systems in the Blue Nile Basin (BNB) and highlights their relative dependence on, and vulnerability to, water resources and water-related ecosystem services. It also makes an inventory of current water and land related policies and institutions in the BNB, their organizational arrangements, dynamics and linkages and key policy premises. It highlights the major problems in institutional arrangements and policy gaps and makes suggestions for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: River basins; Water policy; Institutions; Institutional development; Farming systems; Mixed farming; Cereals; Sorghum; Irrigated farming; Vegetables; Pastoralism; Poverty; Water supply; Sanitation; Labor; Ecosystems; Energy; Water power; Watershed management; Water harvesting; Legal aspects; Environmental policy; Water users associations; Irrigation programs; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91871

UNCERTAINTY AND THE REGULATION OF NITRATE POLLUTION FROM AGRICULTURE
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Abrahams,   Nii Adote; Shortle,   James S.
A simulation of U.S. corn production compares four environmental policies for controlling agricultural nitrate pollution.  Public uncertainty about key economic parameters are considered.  Results indicate that policy choice is sensitive to commodity programs and the public information structure.  Agricultural research benefits are also sensitive to agricultural environmental policy choices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Nonpoint pollution; Uncertainty; Value of information; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21027

Heterogeneity in Costs and Second-Best Policies for Environmental Protection
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Burtraw,   Dallas; Cannon,   Matthew.
This paper investigates heterogeneity in pollution abatement costs using a computable general equilibrium framework. Previous literature using aggregated data has found that "grandfathered" tradable permits are dominated by other instruments including emission taxes, performance standards, and technology mandates because of interactions with pre-existing taxes. However, when the underlying costs of abatement are heterogeneous, a disaggregate representation of costs yields qualitatively different findings. In a disaggregate model of NOX abatement in the United States, the relative performance of tradable permits improves significantly and out-performs command and control approaches over a wide range of emission reductions.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness analysis; General equilibrium; Environmental policy; Instrument choice; Second-best regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; D58; H21; L51.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10875

AUCTIONING OUTCOME-BASED CONSERVATION CONTRACTS
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe; Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar.
This paper explores two ideas to enhance the performance of agri-environmental contracting schemes: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and putting the contracts up for tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the benefits of both approaches. Controlled lab experiments were run in two countries, systematically varying the rate at which payments are linked to environmental outcomes. This paper clarifies the conditions under which the benefits from combining tenders with incentive payments outweigh the costs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Auktionen; Ausschreibungsverfahren; Agrar-Umweltverträge; Agrar-Umweltpolitik; Anreizverträge; Experimentelle Ökonomie; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Demand and Price Analysis; Political Economy.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114523

The Rule of The Jungle in Pakistan: A Case Study on Corruption and Forest Management in Swat
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Pellegrini,   Lorenzo.
Corruption in the forest sector of Swat, Pakistan is impairing the sustainable management of forest. We analyze corruption in a case study setting against the backdrop of the reform options that are most often cited as possible solutions. As we highlight in this study, the ‘crime and punishment’ approach is not feasibly implemented if the overall institutional environment is weak. Since countrywide overhaul of corruption through sweeping reform programs, the other reform approach, is a difficult and lengthy task, there is a need for an alternative kind of reform. In the case of a corruption-ridden centralised forest management regime, institutional reform should move away from enforcement of existing institutions and promote communal management of natural...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Forest management; Environmental policy; Institutional reform; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; D73; Q24; Q57.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7439

Public Disclosure of Industrial Pollution: The PROPER Approach for Indonesia?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Lopez,   Jorge Garcia; Sterner,   Thomas; Afsah,   Shakeb.
This paper evaluates the effectiveness of the Program for Pollution Control Evaluation and Rating (PROPER) in Indonesia. PROPER, the first major public disclosure program in the developing world, was launched in June 1995; though it collapsed in 1998 with the Asian financial crisis, it is currently being revived. There have been claims of success for this pioneering scheme, yet little formal analysis has been undertaken. We analyze changes in emissions concentrations (mg/L) using panel data techniques with plant-level data for participating firms and a control group. The results show that there was indeed a positive response to PROPER, especially among firms with poor environmental compliance records. The response was immediate, and firms pursued further...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Pollution control; Public disclosure; Asia; Indonesia; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10482

Changing the direction of environmental investment in Australia: Learnings from implementing INFFER
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Marsh,   Sally P.; Curatolo,   April; Pannell,   David J.; Park,   Geoff; Roberts,   Anna M.; Alexander,   Jennifer.
Investment in natural resource management (NRM) by regional organisations in Australia has been widely criticised for failing to achieve substantial environmental outcomes. The Investment Framework for Environmental Resources (INFFER) is a tool for developing and prioritising projects to address environmental issues such as water quality, biodiversity decline, environmental pest impacts and land degradation. INFFER is an asset-based, targeted, and outcome-focussed approach to environmental investment, and as such is a very different and more rigorous approach to prioritising possible environmental projects than used previously by most catchment management organisations (CMOs) in Australia. From 2008 to 2010 INFFER has been trialled with CMOs. Evaluation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: NRM investment planning; NRM investment prioritisation; Regional catchment management organisations; NRM policy; Environmental planning; Environmental prioritisation; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q50; Q58.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100584

FEDERAL ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY: A SUMMARY OVERVIEW
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Carriker,   Roy R.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), which was signed into law on January 1, 1970, has come to be regarded as the first major piece of federal legislation to call for comprehensive attention to environmental concerns in the United States. During the two decades following enactment of NEPA, Congress adopted and then refined major legislation on nearly every aspect of environmental quality concerns: air pollution, water pollution, drinking water quality, hazardous waste management, wildlife protection, pesticide use, and several related problem areas. Current arguments for environmental regulatory reform are a phase in the continuing evolution of this body of federal environmental policy.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Environmental regulation; Regulatory reform; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15231

Strategic Choice of Domestic Environmental Policy Instrument and International Emissions Trading Scheme in an Open Economy with Imperfect Competition
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Boom,   Jan Tjeerd.
This paper presents a model of imperfect international competition. Within this framework, the optimal choice of national environmental policy instrument and international emissions trading scheme is discussed. The choice of national instrument is restricted to absolute and relative standards, which form the basis for permit and credit trading respectively. It is shown that relatives standards and credit trading lead to higher output than emission ceilings and permit trading. I find that governments want to increase production beyond the level reached with emission ceilings and therefore prefer relative standards. Furthermore, international emissions trading is only optimal when the country imports emission quotas, and in several cases, governments will...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Emissions trading; Credit trading; International trade; Imperfect competition; Strategic behavior; Environmental Economics and Policy; F12; L51; Q25; Q28.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24177

Agri-Environmental Policy at the Crossroads: Guideposts on a Changing Landscape
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Claassen,   Roger; Hansen,   LeRoy T.; Peters,   Mark; Breneman,   Vincent E.; Weinberg,   Marca; Cattaneo,   Andrea; Feather,   Peter; Gadsby,   Dwight M.; Hellerstein,   Daniel; Hopkins,   Jeffrey W.; Johnston,   Paul V.; Morehart,   Mitchell J.; Smith,   Mark.
Agri-environmental policy is at a crossroads. Over the past 20 years, a wide range of policies addressing the environmental implications of agricultural production have been implemented at the Federal level. Those policies have played an important role in reducing soil erosion, protecting and restoring wetlands, and creating wildlife habitat. However, emerging agri-environmental issues, evolution of farm income support policies, and limits imposed by trade agreements may point toward a rethinking of agri-environmental policy. This report identifies the types of policy tools available and the design features that have improved the effectiveness of current programs. It provides an indepth analysis of one policy tool that may be an important component of a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Conservation programs; Environmental policy; Agricultural policy; Policy instruments; Agricultural program design; Soil erosion; Nitrogen runoff; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33983

Should we combine incentive payments and tendering for efficiently purchasing conservation services from landholders?
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Schilizzi,   Steven; Breustedt,   Gunnar; Latacz-Lohmann,   Uwe.
Policy makers aiming to get private landholders to provide non-marketed environmental services need to provide efficient economic incentives. Two ideas have been explored to achieve this: linking contract payments to environmental outcomes and putting the contracts up for tender. This paper investigates whether there are any gains to be had by combining the benefits of both approaches. Landholder risk aversion may offset incentive effects if the fall in participation outweighs any increases in individual effort. Using controlled lab experiments in two countries and across four subject groups, and systematically varying the rate at which payments are linked to uncertain outcomes, this paper clarifies the conditions under which incentives overcome...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Conservation tenders; Auctions; Incentive contracts; Agricultural policy; Environmental policy; Market-based instruments; Experimental economics; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59159

Getting the Prices Wrong: The Limits of Market-Based Environmental Policy
Provedor de dados: Research in Agricultural & Applied Economics (AgEcon Searh)
Autores: Ackerman,   Frank; Gallagher,   Kevin P.
Market based policies are fast becoming the recommended policy panacea for all the world's environmental problems. Implicit in such recommendations is the theory that free markets, adjusted for externalities, can always create an "efficient" allocation of society's resources. As a result, many contemporary policymakers advocate rolling back regulations in order to let the market protect the environment. There is a fundamental distinction between the use of the market as a tool to help achieve society's goals, and as a blueprint for society's goals; the market is a reasonable policy tool but not a reasonable blueprint. The market as blueprint fails because there are significant public purposes that cannot be achieved by prices and markets alone. Five major...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Economic theory; Environmental policy; Sustainability; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15593

Environmental and ecological architects: Guidelines for the Chilean temperate rainforest management derived from the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides) conservation
Provedor de dados: Revista Chilena de Historia Natural
Autores: FONTÚRBEL,FRANCISCO E; JIMÉNEZ,JAIME E.
Land use change is one of the main biodiversity threats. Due to this change, natural habitats such as the South American temperate rainforests have been rapidly degraded, fragmented, and lost. Consequently, the management and conservation of the remaining forest is a priority and having an appropriate environmental policy is mandatory for this purpose. Conservation actions in the temperate rainforest have been addressed from an individual species perspective, giving less attention to the ecosystem level conservation. Moreover, conservation-related information has not reflected yet on environmental policy development. We used the case study of the monito del monte (Dromiciops gliroides) to illustrate how our current ecological and conservation knowledge of...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Environmental policy; Management plan; Natural regeneration; Plant-animal mutualism; Rainforest.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2011000200006