Consulta: subjectFacets:"Ethiopia"
Registros recuperados: 101
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 18:08:08

Exploring dynamic mechanisms of learning networks for resource conservation
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Matous, Petr; University of Tokyo; University of Sydney; petr@civil.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Todo, Yasuyuki; Waseda University; yastodo@waseda.jp.
The importance of networks for social-ecological processes has been recognized in the literature; however, existing studies have not sufficiently addressed the dynamic nature of networks. Using data on the social learning networks of 265 farmers in Ethiopia for 2011 and 2012 and stochastic actor-oriented modeling, we explain the mechanisms of network evolution and soil conservation. The farmers&amp;#8217; preferences for information exchange within the same social groups support the creation of interactive, clustered, nonhierarchical structures within the evolving learning networks, which contributed to the diffusion of the practice of composting. The introduced methods can be applied to determine whether and how social networks can be used to facilitate...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Composting; Ethiopia; Network dynamics; Social learning; Soil conservation; Stochastic actor-oriented modeling.
Ano: 2015

Integrating local pastoral knowledge, participatory mapping, and species distribution modeling for risk assessment of invasive rubber vine (Cryptostegia grandiflora) in Ethiopia&amp;#8217;s Afar region
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Luizza, Matthew W.; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; mwluizza@rams.colostate.edu; Wakie, Tewodros; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; tewodros.wakie@colostate.edu; Evangelista, Paul H.; Colorado State University, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory; paul.evangelista@colostate.edu; Jarnevich, Catherine S.; U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center; jarnevichc@usgs.gov.
The threats posed by invasive plants span ecosystems and economies worldwide. Local knowledge of biological invasions has proven beneficial for invasive species research, but to date no work has integrated this knowledge with species distribution modeling for invasion risk assessments. In this study, we integrated pastoral knowledge with Maxent modeling to assess the suitable habitat and potential impacts of invasive Cryptostegia grandiflora Robx. Ex R.Br. (rubber vine) in Ethiopia&amp;#8217;s Afar region. We conducted focus groups with seven villages across the Amibara and Awash-Fentale districts. Pastoral knowledge revealed the growing threat of rubber vine, which to date has received limited attention in Ethiopia, and whose presence in Afar was...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Afar region; Citizen science; Cryptostegia grandiflora; Ethiopia; Invasive species; Local ecological knowledge; Maxent; Participatory mapping; Pastoral livelihoods; Risk assessment; Rubber vine; Species distribution modeling.
Ano: 2016

Uncertain Emission Reductions from Forest Conservation: REDD in the Bale Mountains, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Watson, Charlene; London School of Economics and Political Science; c.watson2@lse.ac.uk; Mourato, Susana; London School of Economics and Political Science; s.mourato@lse.ac.uk; Milner-Gulland, E. J.; Imperial College London; e.j.milner-gulland@imperial.ac.uk.
The environmental integrity of a mechanism rewarding Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation (REDD) depends on appropriate accounting for emission reductions. Largely stemming from a lack of forest data in developing countries, emission reductions accounting contains substantial uncertainty as a result of forest carbon stock estimates, where the application of biome-averaged data over large forest areas is commonplace. Using a case study in the Bale Mountains in Ethiopia, we exemplify the implications of primary and secondary forest carbon stock estimates on predicted REDD project emission reductions and revenues. Primary data estimate area-weighted mean forest carbon stock of 195 tC/ha &amp;#177; 81, and biome-averaged data reported by the...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Deforestation; Emission reductions accounting; Ethiopia; Forest carbon stocks; REDD; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2013

Balancing Ecosystem Services and Disservices: Smallholder Farmers&amp;#8217; Use and Management of Forest and Trees in an Agricultural Landscape in Southwestern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Ango, Tola Gemechu; Department of Human Geography, Stockholm University; tola.gemechu@humangeo.su.se; Senbeta, Feyera; Center for Environment and Development Studies, College of Development Studies, Addis Ababa University ; feyeras@yahoo.com; Hylander, Kristoffer; Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University; Kristoffer.Hylander@botan.su.se.
Farmers&amp;#8217; practices in the management of agricultural landscapes influence biodiversity with implications for livelihoods, ecosystem service provision, and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we examined how smallholding farmers in an agriculture-forest mosaic landscape in southwestern Ethiopia manage trees and forests with regard to a few selected ecosystem services and disservices that they highlighted as &amp;#8220;beneficial&amp;#8221; or &amp;#8220;problematic.&amp;#8221; Qualitative and quantitative data were collected from six villages, located both near and far from forest, using participatory field mapping and semistructured interviews, tree species inventory, focus group discussions, and observation. The study showed that...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agricultural landscape; Biodiversity; Ecosystem services and disservices; Ethiopia; Farmer practices; Forest; Gera; Trees.
Ano: 2014

Genetic diversity, multiplicity of infection and population structure of Schistosoma mansoni isolates from human hosts in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Aemero, Mulugeta; Boissier, Jerome; Climent, Deborah; Mone, Helene; Mouahid, Gabriel; Berhe, Nega; Erko, Berhanu.
Background: Human intestinal schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma mansoni and urinary schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma haematobium are endemic in Ethiopia. Although schistosomes look morphologically uniform, there is variation in infectivity, egg productivity and virulence due to variation in their genetic make. Knowing the genetic diversity and population structure of S. mansoni isolates will enable to understand and consider the possible variability in terms of infectivity, egg productivity and virulence. Methods: Between 2010 and 2011, genetic diversity and population structure of Schistosoma mansoni isolates from four endemic areas of Ethiopia was assessed using previously published 11 polymorphic microsatellite loci. Miracidia were hatched from...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Schistosoma mansoni; Microsatellite; Genetic diversity; Population structure; Ethiopia.
Ano: 2015
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00302/41369/71868.pdf

Ethnomedicinal plants used for snakebite treatments in Ethiopia: a comprehensive overview
Provedor de dados: 80
Autores: Yirgu,Abraham; Chippaux,Jean-Philippe.
Abstract Traditional medicine plays an important role in the daily lives of people living in rural parts of Ethiopia. Despite the fact that Ethiopia has a long history of using traditional medicinal plants as an alternative medicine source, there is no checklist compiling these plants used for snakebite treatment. This review collected and compiled available knowledge on and practical usage of such plants in the country. A literature review on medicinal plants used to treat snakebites was conducted from 67 journal articles, PhD dissertation and MSc theses available online. Data that summarize scientific and folk names, administration methods, plant portion used for treatment and method of preparation of recipes were organized and analyzed based on citation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Ethnobotany; Medicinal plant; Traditional treatment; Snakebite; Envenomation; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ethiopia.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992019000100205

A new species and a new combination in the afroalpine Senecio nanus – S. schultzii complex (Asteraceae, Senecioneae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Ortiz, S.; Vivero Pol, J.L.
We describe the new species Senecio balensis and propose a new nomenclatural combination Senecio schultzii subsp. chillaloense within the afroalpine Senecio nanus–S. schultzii complex from Ethiopia. Senecio schultzii var. lanatus is assigned to this subspecies.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Senecio; Asteraceae; Senecioneae; Ethiopia; Taxonomy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/524880

The correct name for Pentas schimperiana is Pentas schimperi (Rubiaceae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Wieringa, J.J.
As so far nobody considered the name Mussaenda schimperi Hochst. to be validly published, combinations of the superfluous name Vignaldia schimperiana A.Rich. became in use. The correct combination for this species in Pentas and that for one subspecies is presented here.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Rubiaceae; Pentas; Schimper; Africa; Ethiopia; Nomenclature.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/526008

Fossil records of Palaearctic Pisidium species in tropical Africa (Bivalvia, Sphaeriidae)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Kuiper, J.G.J.
A collection of fossil shells of the genus Pisidium sampled in late glacial fluvio-lacustrine deposits in the Rift Valley, Ethiopia, contains four species of Palaearctic origin and two (or perhaps three) African species.
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Rift Valley; Pisidium; Palaearctic; Late Pleistocene; Fossil records; 42.73.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/311936

エチオピア中高地における乳加工体系
Provedor de dados: 19
Autores: 平田, 昌弘; 鬼木, 俊次; 加賀爪, 優; 内田, 健治; 片野, 直哉; HIRATA, Masahiro; ONIKI, Shunji; KAGATSUME, Masaru; UCHIDA, Kenji; KATANO, Naoya.
http://www.jdta.or.jp/jdsa/journal.html
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Middle highlands; Milk year-round supply; Fermented milk processing series.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3594

Toward a Research Agenda to Promote Household Access to Food in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Molla,   Daniel.
The objective of this report is to review available evidence on the potential to  promote access to food for vulnerable groups in Ethiopia through two main methods: food transfer  programs, and appropriate policies influencing the food marketing system. These issues are  examined with a view to identifying priority issues for analysis under the MEDAC/MSU/USAID Food  Security Project in Ethiopia. In particular, the report presents trends in food aid and food  production in Ethiopia, and provides preliminary evidence of the possible disincentive effects of  food aid on agricultural production incentives and investments in the food marketing system;  discusses the costs and benefits of various food aid transfer programs, and highlights major  unresolved...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food production; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q18.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55591

Measuring Agricultural Innovation System Properties and Performance: Illustrations from Ethiopia and Vietnam
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Kelemework,   Dawit.
Agriculture; developing countries; innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Developing countries; Innovation; Ethiopia; Vietnam; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O13; O32; Q16.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50791

Poverty Targeting, Resource Degradation and Heterogeneous Endowments – A Micro-Simulation Analysis of a Less Favored Ethiopian Village
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kuiper,   Marijke H.; Ruben,   Ruerd.
Persistent and widespread poverty in less favored areas (LFAs) is attributed to fragile natural resources and poor markets. Limited assets may keep households outside the reach of poverty policies targeted at LFAs. We explore in a stylized manner the role of heterogeneous household assets for (1) policies aimed at poverty reduction; (2) within-village income inequality; (3) soil erosion. With a farm-household microsimulation model we analyze for each household in a remote Ethiopian village three sets of policies: technology improvement, infrastructure investment, and off-farm employment through migration or cash for work (CFW) programs. Combating poverty with a single policy, migration reduces the poverty headcount most. Because of self-selection, CFW...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Less-favored areas; Farm households; Poverty; Erosion; Micro-simulation; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; C6; Q12; Q56.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25340

Emerging Market and Policy Responses to Ethiopia's Grain Harvest of 1995-96
Provedor de dados: 31
Grain Marketing Research Project, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Cereal price; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 1996
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54953

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What do Stoves Have to Do with it?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
Land degradation is a particularly vexing problem in developing countries; as forests are depleted, crop residues and dung are used for fuel, which degrades cropland. In Ethiopia, the government encourages tree planting and adoption of energy efficient stove technologies to mitigate land degradation. We use data from 200 households in Tigrai, Ethiopia to examine the adoption of new stove technologies. Adoption is an economic decision, related to savings in time spent collecting fuel and cooking, and cattle required for everyday purposes. Results indicate adopters of efficient stoves reduce respective wood and dung use by 68 and 316 kg per month.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Africa; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; O55; Q24; Q55.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37026

Famine in Ethiopia: Policy Implications of Coping Failure at National and Household Levels
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Webb,   Patrick; von Braun,   Joachim; Yohannes,   Yisehac.
This study argues that famines are preventable.  What was once a universal threat to human life is now primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa. Africa is likely to be the only continent to experience a continued high level of famine mortality during the 1990s, as well as an increase in absolute poverty. Therefore, the current challenge facing policymakers and research organizations such as IFPRI is to reduce the negative effects of famine in Africa and to lay the foundations for its longer- term eradication. This research by Patrick Webb, Joachim von Braum, and Yisehac Yohannes was designed to contribute to a better understanding of the root causes of famine and thereby to identify appropriate policies and projects for famine mitigation. As part of a larger IFPRI...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Famines; Ethiopia; Droughts; Government policy; Food supply; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 1992
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37973

Food Aid Targeting in Ethiopia: A Study of Household Food Insecurity and Food Aid Distributions
Provedor de dados: 31
Grain Marketing Research Project, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54958

Household Resource Endowment and Determinants of Adoption of Drought Tolerant Maize Varieties: A Double-hurdle Approach
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Legese,   Getachew; Langyintuo,   Augustine S.; Mwangi,   Wilfred; Jaleta,   Moti; La Rovere,   Roberto.
Existing literature suggests the influence of household wealth on farmer's technology adoption decisions. In 2007, this study was conducted to provide a clearer understanding of how differences in household wealth affect the way in which other variables influence adoption decisions. Using data from 369 households in Adama and Adami Tulu Jido Kombolcha districts of Ethiopia, the paper first stratified households into poorly and well-endowed categories based on wealth indices constructed using their productive assets by the principal components method. A double hurdle model was then specified and estimated for each wealth group to assess factors influencing the adoption and use intensity of improved varieties. The results suggest that factors influencing the...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Wealth index; Double-hurdle model; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51785

DETERMINANTS OF CEREAL DIVERSITY IN COMMUNITIES AND ON HOUSEHOLD FARMS OF THE NORTHERN ETHIOPIAN HIGHLANDS
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Benin,   Samuel; Gebremedhin,   Berhanu; Smale,   Melinda; Pender,   John L.; Ehui,   Simeon K.
On farm conservation of crop diversity poses obvious policy challenges in terms of the design of appropriate incentive mechanisms and possible trade-offs between conservation and productivity. This paper compares factors explaining the inter-specific diversity (diversity among species) and infra-specific diversity (diversity among varieties within a species) of cereal crops grown in communities and on individual farms in the northern Ethiopian highlands.  Using named varieties and ecological indices of spatial diversity (richness, evenness, and inverse dominance), we find that a combination of factors related to the agro-ecology of a community, its access to markets, and the characteristics of its households and farms significantly affect both the inter-...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Household Farms; Communities; Ethiopia; Agrobiodiversity; On Farm Conservation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16101

Protecting ‘Single-Origin Coffee’ within the Global Coffee Market: The Role of Geographical Indications and Trademarks
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Schussler,   Lennart.
Over the past decade, coffee producers have been struggling with the world market’s low and unstable coffee prices. Some coffee producing countries try to overcome this crisis by moving from pure commodity exports to higher-price exports of niche market quality products, like “single-origin coffee”, protected by intellectual property tools. Such protection can take the form of trademarks or geographical indications. At present within the single-origin coffee sector, a trend to use the latter form can be observed. For example, “Café de Colombia” was registered as a Protected Geographical Indication under Council Regulation (EC) No 510/2006. Another recent example is the Ethiopian Fine Coffee Trademarking and Licensing Initiative. In order to protect its...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Columbia; Ethiopia; Geographical indications; Single-origin coffee; Trademarks; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48799

The Food Security Role of Agriculture in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Adenew,   Berhanu.
This study analyses income, expenditure and food consumption data in Ethiopia to help explains the country's high probability of national food consumption shortfalls. The study argues that to reach the goal of increased national food security, it is necessary to improve market functioning, invest in infrastructure which reduces food transaction costs, provide incentives for increased production through strong support for producers, and, most importantly of all, reform current land tenure arrangements.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Food insecurity; Rural development; Rural poverty; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12012

Smallholders’ Commercialization through Cooperatives:  A Diagnostic for Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Tanguy; Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.; Taffesse,   Alemayehu Seyoum.
This paper examines the impact of cooperatives on smallholder commercialization of cereals, using detailed household data from rural Ethiopia. We review the involvement of cooperatives, in terms of who participates and where they are located. We then use the strong government role in promoting the establishment of cooperatives to assume that the decision of where to establish a cooperative is largely driven by external considerations, and is thus exogenous to the members themselves justifying the use of propensity-score matching in order to compare households that are cooperative members to similar households in comparable areas without cooperatives. Four conclusions are derived from the analysis. First, despite the spread of cooperatives – they existed in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Smallholders’ marketing; Cooperatives; Ethiopia; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42377

Participation in Off-Farm Employment, Risk Preferences, and Weather Variability: The Case of Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bezabih,   Mintewab; Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; GebreMedhin,   Liyousew; Kohlin,   Gunnar.
This article assesses the relative importance of risk preferences and rainfall availability on households’ decision to engage in off-farm employment. Devoting time for off-farm activities, while it helps households earn additional incomes, involves a number of uncertainties. Unique panel data from Ethiopia which includes experimentally generated risk preference measures combined with longitudinal rainfall data is used in the analysis. An off farm participation decision and activity choice showed that both variability and reduced availability of rainfall as well as neutral risk preferences increase the likelihood of off-farm participation. From policy perspective, the results imply that expanding off farm opportunities could act as safety nets in the face...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Off-farm employment; Labor supply; Rainfall variability/reduced availability; Risk preferences; GLLAMM; Ethiopia; Labor and Human Capital; Q13; D81; C35; C93.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95784

Dairy development in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ahmed,   Mohamed A. M.; Ehui,   Simeon K.; Assefa,   Yemesrach.
Ethiopia holds large potential for dairy development due to its large livestock population, the favorable climate for improved, high-yielding animal breeds, and the relatively disease-free environment for livestock. Given the considerable potential for smallholder income and employment generation from high-value dairy products, development of the dairy sector in Ethiopia can contribute significantly to poverty alleviation and nutrition in the country. Like other sectors of the economy, the dairy sector in Ethiopia has passed through three phases or turning points, following the economic and political policy in the country. In the most recent phase, characterized by the transition towards market-oriented economy, the dairy sector appears to be moving...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Dairy; Livestock; Dairy products industry; Livestock productivity; Africa; Sub-Saharan Africa; East Africa; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60321

Technical Efficiency of Smallholder Dairy Farmers in the Central Ethiopian Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wubeneh,   Nega; Ehui,   Simeon K.
Despite having the second largest livestock population in Africa and favorable climate, the contribution of the livestock, especially the dairy sector to the Ethiopian economy is minimal. The per capita consumption of dairy products of 16 liters is one of the lowest in the world. With increasing income and urbanization, the demand for dairy products is expected to increase. A number of studies have examined the potential of the dairy sector to satisfy existing as well as future demand for dairy products. Most of the studies, however, focus on technological constraints such as poor genotype of indigenous animals, tropical animal diseases, availability of feed and other related services and recommend costly technological solutions aimed to alleviate those...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholder dairy; Technical efficiency; Stochastic production function; Ethiopia; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25640

Managing Resources in Erratic Environments: An Analysis of Pastoralist Systems in Ethiopia, Niger, and Burkina Faso
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: McCarthy,   Nancy; Dutilly-Diane,   Celine; Drabo,   Boureima; Kamara,   Abdul B.; Vanderlinden,   Jean-Paul.
Although 22 percent of land in sub-Saharan Africa is arid or semiarid rangeland, development policies have long been biased toward crop agriculture. In the wake of the Green Revolution, international and national agricultural research institutions focused on crop systems and plant breeding. As a result, the customary tenure arrangements that enabled pastoralists to move their livestock from one grazing ground to another fell out of favor. As climate-related crises and desertification have spiraled, however, research and policy interest in rangeland management issues have been renewed. As part of its strategy to seek policies for the efficient functioning of global food systems, IFPRI has been in the forefront of this research. In the 1990s, as part of a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Range management; Ethiopia; Niger; Burkina Faso; Pastoral systems; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37895

Can The Momentum be Sustained? An Economic Analysis of the Ministry of Agriculture/Sasakawa Global 2000's Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Demeke,   Mulat; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Maredia,   Mywish K.; Stepanek,   Julie.
A Joint Research Activity of: Grain Marketing Research Project/Michigan State University,  Sasakawa Global 2000,  Ministry of Agriculture Department of Extension and Cooperatives,  Ethiopian Agricultural Research Organization
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; SG2000; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55051

Transaction Costs and Market Institutions: Grain Brokers in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gabre-Madhin,   Eleni Z.
This paper examines the effect of transaction costs of search on the institution of grain brokers in Ethiopia. Primary data are used to derive traders’ shadow opportunity costs of labor and of capital from IV estimation of net profits. A twostep Tobit model is used in which traders first choose where to trade and then choose whether to use a broker to search on their behalf. The results confirm traders’ individual rationality in choosing brokerage, showing high transaction costs are linked to increased broker use while high social capital reduces broker use.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Grain; Economic aspects; Grain Prices; Ethiopia; Grain Trade; East Africa; Marketing.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97388

ASSETS AT MARRIAGE IN RURAL ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Fafchamps,   Marcel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper examines the determinants of assets at marriage in rural Ethiopia. We identify and test three separate processes that determine assets brought to marriage: assortative matching, compensating parental transfers at marriage, and strategic behavior by parents. We find ample evidence for the first, none for the second, and some evidence of the third for brides. We also find no evidence of competition for parental assets among siblings. Results suggest that parents do not transfer wealth to children in ways that compensate for marriage market outcomes. Certain parents, however, give more assets to daughters whenever doing so increases the chances of a daughter marrying a wealthy groom.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Property; Marriage Market; Intrahousehold allocation; Intergenerational transfers; Rural population; Inheritance; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2004
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60310

Market Institutions: Enhancing the Value of Rural-Urban Links
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Chowdhury,   Shyamal K.; Negassa,   Asfaw; Torero,   Maximo.
This paper examines how market institutions can affect links between urban and rural areas with specific emphasis on goods market integration in the national context. Traditionally, development researchers and practitioners have focused either on rural market development or on urban market development without considering the interdependencies and synergies between the two. However, more than ever before, emerging local and global patterns such as the modern food value-chain led by supermarkets and food processors, rapid urbanization, changes in dietary composition, and enhanced information and communication technologies point to the need to pay close attention to the role of markets both in linking rural areas with intermediate cities and market towns and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Market; Institution; Value; Urban; Rural; Bangladesh; Ethiopia; Indonesia; Kenya; Peru; Community/Rural/Urban Development; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59597

Livelihoods, Growth, and Links to Market Towns in 15 Ethiopian Villages
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dercon,   Stefan; Hoddinott,   John.
Rural and urban spaces are usually regarded as “separate” in both development theory and practice. Yet there are myriad links between them. Urban areas, including regional urban centers such as local market towns, provide households with new opportunities to sell goods and services. These opportunities increase household income by employing previously unemployed household resources or because households reallocate household resources so as to take advantage of new, more profitable activities. Links to market towns improve the prices received by rural households because households can benefit from increased demand for their goods or because the larger market is better able to absorb production from rural areas without causing prices to decline. These links...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Livelihoods; Transport; Poverty; Rural-urban linkages; Ethiopia; International Development; Marketing.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59596

FROM A SASAKAWA GLOBAL 2000 PILOT PROGRAM TO SUSTAINED INCREASES IN AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY: THE CRITICAL ROLE OF GOVERNMENT POLICY IN FOSTERING THE ETHIOPIAN TRANSITION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Stepanek,   Julie; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Howard,   Julie A.
Drawing from the experience in Ethiopia, this paper examines the role that public policy must play in building public/private partnerships to develop the extension programs, input markets, and credit services necessary to turn a pilot Sasakawa-Global 2000 program into economically sustainable national policies and programs.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Sasakawa-Global 2000; Ethiopia; Government regulation; Agricultural input markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21674

Agricultural Market Performance and Determinants of Fertilizer Use in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demeke,   Mulat; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Said,   Ali; Le Vallee,   Jean-Charles; Chen,   H.
This paper examines how the fertilizer sector in general, and farmers’ demand for  fertilizer in particular, has evolved since the introduction of fertilizer sector reforms in  Ethiopia. There is much debate in the agricultural development literature about whether fertilizer  use in Africa is constrained primarily by poor input distribution systems, by farmers’ lack of  knowledge concerning the benefits and correct use of fertilizer, or by lack of effective demand  because the product is simply not profitable enough. This paper looks at each of these issues in  an effort to understand the relative importance of the different constraints and how well current  policies are addressing the problems. It attempts to identify additional policy measures needed  to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Fertilizer use; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55599

Technology adoption and farmer efficiency in multiple crops production in eastern Ethiopia: A comparison of parametric and non-parametric distance functions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alene,   Arega D.; Zeller,   Manfred.
This study compares the empirical performances of the parametric distance functions(PDF) and data envelopment analysis (DEA) with applications to adopters of improved cereal production technology in eastern Ethiopia. The results from both approaches revealed substantial technical inefficiencies of production among the sample farmers. Technical efficiency estimates obtained from the two approaches are positively and significantly correlated. However, the DEA approach is shown to be very sensitive to outliers as well as to the choice of orientation. The PDF results are relatively more robust. The results from the preferred PDF approach revealed that adopters of improved technology have average technical efficiencies of 79%, implying that they could...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Multiple outputs; Distance functions; DEA; Technical efficiency; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44089

CROP DIVERSITY AS THE DERIVED OUTCOME OF FARMERS' 'SURVIVAL FIRST' MOTIVES IN ETHIOPIA: WHAT ROLE FOR ON-FARM CONSERVATION OF SORGHUM GENETIC RESOURCES?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wale,   Edilegnaw; Virchow,   Detlef.
Crop genetic resources are the building blocks of sustainable agricultural development due to their relevance not only as inputs for variety development but also as indigenous crop insurance mechanisms through traditional variety portfolio management. Their continuous survival is, however, threatened by natural and human driven factors. This threat has induced the need for designing conservation measures. Among the in situ and ex situ conservation options available to conserve crop genetic resources, on-farm conservation has recently attracted enormous attention. To make this option operational, placing incentives (that link conservation with utilization) and removal of perverse incentives are believed to be crucial so that landraces of no immediate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: On-farm conservation; Sorghum genetic resources; Incentives; Poisson regression; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25882

Informal Insurance in the Presence of Poverty Traps: Evidence from Southern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Santos,   Paulo; Barrett,   Christopher B.
Fieldwork for this paper was conducted under the Pastoral Risk Management (PARIMA) project of the Global Livestock Collaborative Research Support Program (GL CRSP), funded by the Office of Agriculture and Food Security, Global Bureau, USAID, under grant number DAN-1328-G-00-0046-00, and analysis was underwritten by the USAID SAGA cooperative agreement, grant number HFM-A-00-01-00132-00. Financial support was also provided by the Social Science Research Council's Program in Applied Economics on Risk and Development (through a grant from the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation), The Pew Charitable Trusts (through the Christian Scholars Program of the University of Notre Dame), the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal), and the Graduate...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Risk; Informal insurance; Social networks; Poverty traps; Ethiopia; Risk and Uncertainty; Z13; I3; O13.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25487

The Effect of HIV/AIDS Driven Labor Organization on Agrobiodiversity: an Empirical Study in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreselassie,   Kidist; Wesseler,   Justus; van Ierland,   Ekko C.
Improved micronutrient intake contributes to delaying the progression of HIV into AIDS and to reducing HIV infection rates. Higher agrobiodiversity in the homegarden contributes to improving the nutritional status of farm households. Farm households with HIV/AIDS affected members observe a decrease in labor supply and productivity causing them to reallocate labor. The reallocation of labor may result in change in agrobiodiversity. Sharecropping is often used to alleviate labor shortage in agricultural production. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the implications of HIV/AIDS on agrobiodiversity through sharecropping arrangements. The study is based on a survey among 205 farm households in the Jimma zone of South Western Ethiopia. Results show that...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Agrobiodiversity; Ethiopia; HIV/AIDS; Labor organization; Sharecropping; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7929

Climate change impacts on hydrology and water resources of the Upper Blue Nile River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kim,   Ungtae; Kaluarachchi,   Jagath J.; Smakhtin,   Vladimir U.
The report evaluates the impacts of climate change on the hydrological regime and water resources of the Blue Nile River Basin in Ethiopia. It starts from the construction of the climate change scenarios based on the outcomes of several general circulation models (GCMs), uses a simple hydrological model to convert theses scenarios into runoff, and examines the impacts by means of a set of indices. The results, however uncertain with existing accuracy of climate models, suggest that the region is likely to have the future potential to produce hydropower, increase flow duration, and increase water storage capacity without affecting outflows to the riparian countries in the 2050s.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Hydrology; River basins; Runoff; Precipitation; Models; Dams; Operating policies; Water power; Drought; Analysis; Africa; Ethiopia; Egypt; Sudan; Upper Blue Nile River Basin; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53025

Toward Increased Cereals Production in Ethiopia: Using a Commodity Systems Approach to Evaluate Strategic Constraints and Opportunities
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Said,   Ali; Molla,   Daniel; Diskin,   Patrick K.; Bogale,   Seifu.
The objective of this paper is to present a framework and process that can be used by  Ethiopians for strategic planning in the cereals system, to highlight the most important  constraints to increased productivity and identify critical investments to alleviate them. The  paper uses the framework to take a "first cut" at identifying major constraints and opportunities,  and areas requiring further research, drawing on findings from a rapid appraisal of major food  surplus and deficit areas.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Cereals; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 1995
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55592

Revisiting Grain Movement Control and Taxation in Ethiopia: A Policy Brief
Provedor de dados: 31
Grain Marketing Research Project, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Grain taxation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54957

Integrated Management of the Blue Nile Basin in  Ethiopia: Hydropower and Irrigation Modeling
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Block,   Paul J.
Ethiopia is at a critical crossroads with a large and increasing population, a depressed national economy, insufficient agricultural production, and a low number of developed energy sources. The upper Blue Nile basin harbors considerable untapped potential for irrigation and hydropower development and expansion. Numerous hydrologic models have been developed to assess hydropower and agricultural irrigation potential within the basin, yet often fail to adequately address critical aspects, including the transient stages of large-scale reservoirs, relevant flow retention policies and associated downstream ramifications, and the implications of stochastic modeling of variable climate and climate change. A hydrologic model with dynamic climate capabilities is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Dams; Water resources development; Hydrologic model; Energy; Climate variability; Climate change; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42413

Organic Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings From a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Davis,   Kristin E.; Negash,   Martha; Gezahegn,   Ayele.
Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing the ways in which information and knowledge are used by smallholders. While this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector from an innovation systems perspective to understand the changing roles, responsibilities, and interactions of diverse actors in relation to smallholder livelihoods. The paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative research tools to paint a picture of the innovation landscape at both the system and local levels....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural development; Innovation; Technology; Social networks; Social learning; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52096

Cereal price instability in Ethiopia: An examination of sources and policy options
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Shahidur,   Rashid; Meron,   Assefa.
Managing food price instability is a long standing policy challenge, which, with mixed experiences of agricultural price policy reforms, has re-emerged as a contemporary policy issue. This is particularly true for Ethiopia, where managing food price stability continues to be a formidable policy challenge. The objective of this paper is to examine the underlying causes of cereal price instabilities and to assess the policy options to manage them. It undertakes three tasks: (a) analyzes the sources and degree of cereal price instability, (b) discusses the viability of various policy options, and (c) critically reviews the country’s past, ongoing, and emerging policies for food price stabilization. The results show that the determinants of price...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Cereal; Policy; Price instability; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Relations/Trade; Production Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51999

The Effect of Liberalization on Grain Prices and Marketing Margins in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jayne,   Thomas S.; Negassa,   Asfaw; Myers,   Robert J.
This report analyzes the effects of grain market reform in Ethiopia on grain prices and price spreads between major wholesale markets. The experience of Ethiopia during the 1990s represents a case in which a relatively consistent and internally-driven program of grain market liberalization has been pursued with the general approval of international lenders and donors. The state marketing board, while not abolished, has been substantially downsized and has become a marginal actor in the current grain marketing system. Hence, the case of Ethiopia between 1990 and 1997 may constitute a particularly important test of the hypothesis expressed by reform advocates that the removal of regulatory constraints on private trade and the transition to a market-oriented...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Grain market reform; Ethiopia; International Relations/Trade; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads June 2008 - July 2009: 37; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54681

From Pasture Land to Farm Plots, Triggers and Motivations for Land Use Changes in Afar, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kotu,   Bekele Hundie.
Communal land use system has existed in pastoral Afar (as in many other pastoral areas) since time of immemorial accommodating the interests of different user groups. This form of land use system, which has adapted to the harsh environment in which herders raise their livestock, enables efficient utilization of scattered pastoral resources since it accommodates constant mobility of livestock. In contrast to the mobile way of life, which characterizes pastoralism, farming as a sedentary activity is only marginally present in the lowlands of the Afar region. However, the traditional land-use system in Afar is changing nowadays if favor farming because of various reasons. This paper explains such changes mainly based the data collected through a household...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land use; Pastoralists; Farming; Drought; Afar; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Risk and Uncertainty; Q15; Q24.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51276

Impact of Soil Conservation on Crop Production in the Northern Ethiopian Highlands
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Kassie,   Menale; Pender,   John L.; Yesuf,   Mahmud; Kohlin,   Gunnar; Bluffstone,   Randall; Mulugeta,   Elias.
Land degradation, in the form of soil erosion and nutrient depletion, threatens food security and the sustainability of agricultural production in many developing countries. Governments and development agencies have invested substantial resources in promoting soil conservation practices, in an effort to improve environmental conditions and reduce poverty. However, very limited rigorous empirical work has examined the economics of adopting soil conservation technology. This paper investigates the impact of stone bunds1 on crop production value per hectare in low and high rainfall areas of the Ethiopian highlands using cross-sectional data from more than 900 households having multiple plots per household. We use modified random effects models, stochastic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Soil conservation; Crop production; Agro-ecology; Matching method; Stochastic dominance; Modified random effects model; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42366

Poverty status and the impact of social networks on smallholder technology adoption in rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Liverpool-Tasie,   Lenis Saweda O.; Winter-Nelson,   Alex.
Despite recent traces of economic growth, Ethiopia remains one of the poorest countries in the world. Though about 80% of its population is engaged in agriculture, agricultural productivity remains low and extremely vulnerable to climatic conditions.  The adoption and use of modern technologies is generally accepted as a potential vehicle out of poverty for many but  adoption rates in the country remain low with the nature of the adoption process largely unstudied (Spielman et al, 2007). This paper studies the impact of social networks in the technology adoption process in rural Ethiopia. In particular it tests for the presence of social learning effects. In addition to geographic networks, it considers the role played by other networks with more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Social learning; Persistent poverty; Technology adoption; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; O31; O33; Q12; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49357

The Role of Customary Institutions in Managing Conflict on Grazing Land: A Study from Mieso District, Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu.
This paper examines interethnic conflict on grazing land previously accessed as common property.   The study was undertaken in Mieso District of eastern Ethiopia where two ethnic groups experience different production systems – pastoral and agropastoral. Game theoretic approach and analytic narratives have been used as analytical tools. Results show that the historical change in land use by one of the ethnic groups, resource scarcity, violation of customary norms, power asymmetry and livestock raids are some of the factors that have contributed to the recurrence of the conflict. The role of raids in triggering conflict and restricting access to grazing area becomes particularly important. Socio-economic and political factors are responsible for power...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Property rights; Conflict; Grazing land; Power asymmetry; Access rights; Customary institutions; Mieso; Ethiopia; Africa; Land Economics/Use; O17; Z13; Q15.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7703

The role of agriculture in development implications for Sub-Saharan Africa
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Hazell,   Peter B.R.; Resnick,   Danielle; Thurlow,   James.
This paper provides a nuanced perspective on debates about the potential for Africa’s smallholder agriculture to stimulate growth and alleviate poverty in an increasingly integrated world. In particular, the paper synthesizes both the traditional theoretical literature on agriculture’s role in the development process and discusses more recent literature that remains skeptical about agriculture’s development potential for Africa. In order to examine in greater detail the relevance for Africa of both the “old” and “new” literatures on agriculture, the paper provides a typology of African countries based on their stage of development, agricultural conditions, natural resources, and geographic location… More broadly, the paper demonstrates that conventional...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Growth-poverty linkages; Smallholders; Poverty alleviation; Agricultural development; Africa; Economic aspects; Agricultural sector; Ethiopia; Ghana; Rwanda; Uganda; Zambia; International Development.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55405

Designing Strategies to Support a Transformation of Agriculture in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Molla,   Daniel; Gebre,   Hagos; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Shaffer,   James D.
The paper consists of three parts. The first part of the paper is a review of  agricultural performance in Ethiopia over the past forty years. The second part diagnoses  agricultural system performance and food security problems in Ethiopia and discusses some  tentative practical strategies for promoting an agricultural transformation, and with it,  increased productivity, income growth, and food security over the long run. The third part  describes the general approach to promoting an agricultural transformation and food security for  Ethiopia. It is conceptual and procedural. It draws from the lessons of economic history and  theory applied to the current situation in Ethiopia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55593

Market Structure, Conduct, and Performance: Constraints of Performance of Ethiopian Grain Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dessalegn,   Gebremeskel; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Shaffer,   James D.
The purpose of this report is to assess the efficiency of the Ethiopian grain marketing  system and identify some of the constraints on market participants which influence its  performance. The main questions dealt with are: How is the grain marketing system organized and  coordinated? Is the grain trade business composed of many small units competing one another or is  it dominated by few large participants? What are the approaches followed by traders in buying,  selling and pricing grain? Are there any barriers to entry, and if so, what are the major  factors? What problems and constraints are observed in transportation, storage, financial credit,  and market information? How have the structure and conduct of the market and the constraints and  problems...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Grain markets; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55597

The Response of Ethiopian Cereal Markets to Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Grain Marketing Research Project, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Cereal markets; Crop Production/Industries; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54954

Green Revolution Technology Takes Root In Africa: The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/SG2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia; Statistical Annex and Copies of Questionnaire
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Stepanek,   Julie; Crawford,   Eric W.; Demeke,   Mulat; Maredia,   Mywish K.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural inputs; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - July 2009: 5; O33.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54579

Land Tenure in Ethiopia: Continuity and Change, Shifting Rulers, and the Quest for State Control
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Crewett,   Wibke; Bogale,   Ayalneh; Korf,   Benedikt.
Ethiopia experiences a fierce political debate about the appropriate land tenure policy. After the fall of the socialist derg regime in 1991, land property rights have remained vested in the state and only usufruct rights have been alienated to farmers – to the disappointment of international donor agencies. This has nurtured an antagonistic debate between advocates of the privatization of land property rights to individual plot holders and those supporting the government’s position. This debate, however, fails to account for the diversity and continuities in Ethiopian land tenure systems. This paper reviews the changing bundles of rights farmers have held during various political regimes in Ethiopia, the imperial, the derg and the current one, at...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Land tenure; Property rights regime; Bundles of rights; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50890

Determinants of off-farm participation decision of farm households in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyne,   A.D.
This study analyses the determinants of off-farm work participation decisions of farm households in Ethiopia. A bivariate probit model is applied to account for the simultaneity of participation decisions of both male and female members of farm households. The results of the analysis show that human capital variables such as health and training on non-farm activities have a positive effect on the off-farm participation decisions of male members of farm households. The education status of the head has no significant impact on the participation decisions of the members of the family as most of the off-farm activities do not require formal education. The availability of credit and transfer income is the other factors that have a positive impact on the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Off-farm; Participation; Bivariate; Rural; Ethiopia; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/5969

FOOD AID AND CHILD NUTRITION IN RURAL ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper uses a unique panel data set from Ethiopia to examine the determinants of participation in and receipts of food aid through free distribution (FD) and food-for-work (FFW). Results show that aggregate rainfall and livestock shocks increase household participation in both FD and FFW. FFW also seems well-targeted to asset-poor households. The probability of receiving FD does not appear to be targeted based on household wealth, but FD receipts are lower for wealthier households. The effects of FD and FFW on child nutritional status differ depending on the modality of food aid and the gender of the child. Both FFW and FD have a positive direct impact on weight-for-height. Households invest proceeds from FD in girls’ nutrition, while earnings from FFW...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food aid; Child nutrition; Ethiopia; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16393

Land Degradation in Ethiopia: What Do Stoves Have To Do With It?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gebreegziabher,   Zenebe; van Kooten,   G. Cornelis; van Soest,   Daan P.
In Ethiopia deforestation is a major problem and many peasants have switched from fuelwood to dung for cooking and heating purposes, thereby damaging the agricultural productivity of cropland. The Ethiopian government has embarked on a two-pronged policy in an effort to stem deforestation and the degradation of agricultural lands: (i) tree planting or afforestation; (ii) dissemination of more efficient stove technologies. The motivation in here is, therefore, to examine the potential of the strategy of disseminating improved stoves in the rehabilitation of agricultural and forests lands. For empirical analysis we used a dataset on cross-section of 200 farm households from the highlands of Tigrai, northern Ethiopia. We used a two-step procedure reminiscent...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Land degradation; Technology adoption; Fuel-savings efficiency; Stoves; Ethiopia; Land Economics/Use; Q12; Q16; Q24.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25563

Unmaking the Commons: Collective Action, Property Rights, and Resource Appropriation among (Agro-) Pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Beyene,   Fekadu; Korf,   Benedikt.
In Ethiopian development policies, pastoralist areas have recently attracted more attention. However, much debate and policy advice is still based on assumptions that see a sedentary lifestyle as the desirable development outcome for pastoralist communities. This paper investigates current practices of collective action and how these are affected by changing property rights in the pastoralist and agro– pastoralist economies of three selected sites in eastern Ethiopia. We describe forms of collective action in water and pasture resource management and analyze how changing property rights regimes affect incentives for collective action. We illustrate the distributional effects these practices are having on (agro–) pastoralist communities and how these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Pastoralism; Collective action; Property rights; Conflict; Ethiopia; Water management; Rangelands management; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44361

STOCHASTIC WEALTH DYNAMICS AND RISK MANAGEMENT AMONG A POOR POPULATION
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Lybbert,   Travis J.; Barrett,   Christopher B.; Desta,   Solomon; Coppock,   D. Layne.
The literature on economic growth and development has focused considerable attention on questions of risk management and the possibility of multiple equilibria associated with poverty traps. We use herd history data collected among pastoralists in southern Ethiopia to study stochastic wealth dynamics among a very poor population.  These data yield several novel findings.  Although covariate rainfall shocks plainly matter, household-specific factors, including own herd size, account for most observed variability in wealth dynamics.  Despite longstanding conventional wisdom about common property grazing lands, we find no statistical support for the tragedy of the commons hypothesis. It appears that past studies may have conflated costly self-insurance with...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Common property; Covariate risk; Ethiopia; Idiosyncratic risk; Poverty traps; Social insurance; Risk and Uncertainty; O1; Q12.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14736

Analysis of poverty and its covariates among smallholder farmers in the eastern Hararghe highlands of Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogale,   Ayalneh; Korf,   Benedikt.
This paper analyses the extent and determinants of rural household poverty in the eastern highlands of Ethiopia. We study 216 households using a household consumption expenditure approach. We are particularly interested in the effects of location-specific and institutional factors (networks) in determining the probability of being poor. Our findings suggest that poverty is location-specific, depends on access to irrigated land (not land per se) and access to non-farm income. Results also indicate that household wellbeing is negatively affected by household size, and positively affected by age of household head. Involvement in governance, social and production related networks is also found to be strongly associated with the probability of a household be...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural poverty; Ordered probit; Institutional factors; Eastern Hararghe; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51469

Is There Persistence in the Impact of Emergency Food Aid? Evidence on Consumption, Food Security, and Assets in Rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gilligan,   Daniel O.; Hoddinott,   John.
The primary goal of emergency food aid after an economic shock is often to bolster short-term food and nutrition security. However, these transfers also act as insurance against other shock effects, such as destruction of assets and changes in economic activity, which can have lasting deleterious consequences. Although existing research provides some evidence of small positive impacts of timely food aid disbursements after a shock on current food consumption and aggregate consumption, little is known about whether these transfers play a safety net role by reducing vulnerability and protecting assets into the future. We investigate this issue by exploring the presence of persistent impacts of two major food aid programs following the 2002 drought in...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food aid; Treatment effects; Propensity score matching; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55895

Policies to Promote Cereal Intensification in Ethiopia: A Review of Evidence and Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Byerlee,   Derek R.; Spielman,   David J.; Alemu,   Dawit; Gautam,   Madhur.
Despite more than a decade of policies placing high priority on cereal intensification, backed by one of the highest rates of public expenditures on agricultural in Africa, Ethiopia has yet to see payoffs in terms of higher and more stable cereal yields, reduced dependency on food aid, improved food security, and lower consumer prices for staples. There is understandable concern about the performance, efficiency and sustainability of the agricultural sector, specifically in terms of the current systems for providing extension services, improved seed, fertilizer, and credit. This paper aims to illuminate possible solutions available to improving the prospects for cereal intensification in Ethiopia. The paper traces the largely state-led policies that have...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural extension; Fertilizer; Seed markets; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42406

The Political Economy of Pro-Poor Livestock Policy-making in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Halderman,   Michael.
This paper presents a case study of how livestock policies are made and implemented in a national context, and how they can be improved to better serve the interests of the poor. Livestock are extremely important in Ethiopia and could play a key role in pro-poor development strategy. Livestock are estimated to contribute to the livelihoods of 60-70% of the Ethiopian population. There have been several negative livestock-related trends over the past 20-30 years, however, including a decline in: national and per capita production of livestock products, official livestock and livestock product exports and earnings from exports, and per capita consumption of food from livestock origin.   The study used the key informant method supplemented with official...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Political economy; Policy-making; Livestock; Pro-poor livestock policies; Livestock marketing; Livestock exports; Unofficial livestock marketing and exports; Cross border trade; SPS standards; Animal health services; Pastoralists; Pastoral areas; Pastoral development; Settling pastoralists; Highland areas; Urban and peri-urban areas; Land tenure; Governance; Decentralization; Civil society; Conflict mitigation; Political feasibility; Livestock Production/Industries; Political Economy.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23770

Food Aid Targeting in Ethiopia: A Study of Household Food Insecurity and Food Aid Distributions
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Clay,   Daniel C.; Molla,   Daniel; Habtewold,   Debebe.
This paper examines the efficiency of food aid targeting in rural Ethiopia based on  empirical evidence from a survey of a nationally representative sample of 4,166 farm households  conducted by the Grain Market Research Project (GMRP) of MEDAC in collaboration with the Central  Statistical Authority (CSA). The survey was administered in June 1995 and covered the 12-month  period from the beginning of the 1995 meher harvest to the beginning of the 1996 meher harvest.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55600

Staple Food Prices in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rashid,   Shahidur.
Prepared for the COMESA policy seminar on “Variation in staple food prices: Causes, consequence, and policy options”, Maputo, Mozambique, 25‐26 January 2010 under the African Agricultural Marketing Project (AAMP)
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Food security; Food prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Q11; Q18; Q17.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58552

Crop-Livestock Interactions in Smallholders’ Market Participation: Evidence from Crop-Livestock Mixed Systems in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Jaleta,   Moti; Gebremedhin,   Berhanu.
Most studies on smallholder market participation decisions analyze crop or livestock market participation separately. However, in mixed crop-livestock farming systems, smallholders’ participation decisions in crop and livestock markets may not be separate as a household’s position in one market may be influenced by its position in the other. Where there is limited income from off-farm and/or non-farm activities, household cash requirements for crop production or household consumption are usually met by selling livestock. Similarly, livestock purchase is usually financed by income from crop sales. However, to what extent the position in one market influences the other is still not well explored in the literature. The aim of this paper is to investigate the...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Market participation; Market position; Crop-livestock system; Smallholder; Ethiopia; Farm Management.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96168

CONSUMPTION INSURANCE AND VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY: A SYNTHESIS OF THE EVIDENCE FROM BANGLADESH, ETHIOPIA, MALI, MEXICO, AND RUSSIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Skoufias,   Emmanuel; Quisumbing,   Agnes R.
This paper synthesizes the results of five studies using household panel data from Bangladesh, Ethiopia, Mali, Mexico and Russia, which examine the extent to which households are able through formal and/or informal arrangements to insure their consumption from specific economic shocks and fluctuations in their real income. Building on the recent literature of consumption smoothing and risk sharing, the degree of consumption insurance is defined by the degree to which the growth rate of household consumption covaries with the growth rate of household income. All the cases studies show that food consumption is better insured than nonfood consumption from idiosyncratic shocks. Adjustments in nonfood consumption appear to act as a mechanism for partially...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Bangladesh; Consumption; Ethiopia; Income; Mali; Mexico; Poverty; Risk-sharing; Russia; Vulnerability; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16424

Green Revolution Technology Takes Root in Africa  The Promise and Challenge of the Ministry of Agriculture/SG2000 Experiment with Improved Cereals Technology in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Howard,   Julie A.; Kelly,   Valerie A.; Stepanek,   Julie; Crawford,   Eric W.; Demeke,   Mulat; Maredia,   Mywish K.
In 1993, the Sasakawa/Global 2000 Program (SG) and the Ministry of Agriculture (MOA) began a joint program to demonstrate that substantial productivity increases could be achieved when farmers were given appropriate extension messages and agricultural inputs were delivered on time at reasonable prices. The program provided credit, inputs and extension assistance to participants willing to establish half-hectare demonstration plots on their own land. In 1995, the MOA/SG demonstration program reached more than 3,500 farmers. During the same year MOA launched the New Extension Program (NEP) based on SG principles but managed independently. By 1997, NEP was managing the bulk of the demonstration plots. Although the MOA/SG program is widely considered to be a...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Agricultural inputs; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Downloads July 2008 - June 2009: 15; O33.
Ano: 1999
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54667

Using panel data to estimate the effect of rainfall shocks on smallholders food security and vulnerability in rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demeke,   Abera Birhanu; Zeller,   Manfred.
Ethiopia's agriculture is predominantly rainfed and hence any irregularity in weather conditions has adverse welfare implications. Using panel data, this paper analyzes the effect of rainfall shocks on Ethiopian rural households' food security and vulnerability over time while controlling for a range of other factors. To this end, we generated a time-variant household food security index which is developed by principal components analysis. Based on the scores of the index, households were classified into relative food security groups and their socioeconomic differences were assessed. The exploratory results show that compared to the less secured households, the more secured ones have male and literate household heads, tend to have a greater number of...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Principal components analysis; Rainfall; Panel data; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; C13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57994

Returns to scope? Smallholders commercialization through multipurpose cooperatives in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bernard,   Tanguy; Seyoum Taffesse,   Alemayehu.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Smallholders; Commercialization; Cooperatives; Ethiopia; Agricultural and Food Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51564

Importance of irrigated agriculture to the Ethiopian economy: Capturing the direct net benefits of irrigation
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Hagos,   Fitsum; Makombe,   Godswill; Namara,   Regassa E.; Awulachew,   Seleshi Bekele.
Irrigation development has been identified as a means to stimulate economic growth and rural development in Ethiopia. However, little attempt has been made to quantify the contribution of irrigation to national income. Using data from selected irrigation schemes, representing small, medium and large-scale schemes of modern or traditional typologies; the present coverage and planned growth of irrigation, actual and expected contributions of irrigation to the national economy were quantified following the approach of adjusted gross margin analysis. Our results show that irrigation yields 219.7% higher income compared to the rainfed system while its current and future contribution to agricultural GDP is estimated to be about 5.7 and 12% although irrigation...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Irrigated farming; National income; Economic growth; Crops; Prices; Sensitivity analysis; Crop management; Irrigation schemes; Ethiopia; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Health Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61100

The Economic Value of Improved Wastewater Irrigation: A Contingent Valuation Study in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Weldesilassie,   Alebel B.; Fror,   Oliver; Boelee,   Eline; Dabbert,   Stephan.
In developing countries the use of wastewater for irrigation can cause considerable harm to public health and the environment. This paper uses contingent valuation to estimate the economic value of safe use of wastewater for crop production on farms within and around Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. We estimate a surprisingly large welfare gain from policies for safe use of wastewater for irrigation. Our study highlights the potential and the possible pitfalls of using nonmarket valuation techniques as an input into public decision making where traditional resource use interacts with public health and environmental concerns in complex ways.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Contingent valuation; Dichotomous choice; Ethiopia; Irrigation; Wastewater; Willingness to pay; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57629

Policy Analysis for Sustainable Land Management and Food Security in Ethiopia: A Bioeconomic Model with Market Imperfections Food Security in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Holden,   Stein T.; Shiferaw,   Bekele A.; Pender,   John L.
Soil fertility and the lack of fertilizer use in Africa are frequently discussed topics. The problems of land degradation and low agricultural productivity, which result in food insecurity and poverty, are particularly severe in the rural highlands of Ethiopia. In many areas, a downward spiral of land degradation and poverty appears to be occurring. Finding solutions to these problems requires identifying effective entry points for farmers, governments, and civil society organizations, and understanding the potential impacts and tradeoffs that are likely to arise from alternative interventions. This report seeks to improve that understanding, using a bioeconomic model of land management and agricultural production developed for a community that is fairly...
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Economic aspects; Ethiopia; Food supply; Sustainable agriculture; Sustainable development; Government policy; Food Security and Poverty; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37890

Price Transmission and Adjustment in the Ethiopian Coffee Market
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Alemu,   Zerihun Gudeta; Worako,   Tadesse Kumma.
This study focused on the interrelationships among producer, auction and world prices. In so doing, it criticized previous studies and extended technique developed by Hansen (1999) to handle inferential biases occurring as a result of specification errors. The following results were found: unidirectional transmission of shocks from the world price to the auction price and then to the producer price; asymmetries in price transmissions and adjustments in the auction market; weak interrelationship between producer and world prices causing producer price to be less responsive to changes in the world prices. In general, results imply that coffee growers’ benefit little from positive changes in the world price compared with participants in the auction markets....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Coffee; Ethiopia; Threshold vector error correction models; Nonlinearity; Demand and Price Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51085

The Response of Ethiopian Grain Markets to Liberalization
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Negassa,   Asfaw; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The objective of this paper is to determine how liberalization of Ethiopia’s grain  marketing system in March 1990 has affected the level and volatility of wholesale prices and  price spreads between major regional cereal markets. The paper also identifies issues and problems  needing attention to guide future policy decisions with the aim of reducing costs in the food  system and thereby promoting the welfare of grain producers and consumers in Ethiopia.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Grain markets; International Relations/Trade; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55595

Growth Options and Poverty Reduction in Ethiopia: A Spatial Economywide Model Analysis for 2004-15
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Diao,   Xinshen; Nin Pratt,   Alejandro; Ghautam,   Madhur; Keough,   James; Chamberlin,   Jordan; You,   Liangzhi; Puetz,   Detlev; Resnick,   Danielle; Yu,   Bingxin.
Also published as EDRI-ESSP Policy Working Paper No. 2: Xinshen Diao; Alejandro Nin Pratt; Madhur Ghautam; James Keough; Jordan Chamberlin; Liangszi You; Detlev Puetz; Danielle Resnick; Bingxin Yu. 2005. Growth options and poverty reduction in Ethiopia: a spatial, economywide model analysis for 2004-15.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Poverty alleviation; Agricultural growth; Agricultural sector; Millennium Development Goals; Spatial analysis (Statistics); Disaggregation; Household surveys; Ethiopia; Africa; Food Security and Poverty; International Development.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58383

Vertical and Spatial Integration of Grain Markets in Ethiopia: Implications for Grain Markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Negassa,   Asfaw; Jayne,   Thomas S.
The major objective of this study was to assess the performance of grain markets in  Ethiopia at the individual market levels and for groups of markets which are spatially linked. By  examining the nature of relationships among producer, wholesale, and retail prices in individual  markets and among different markets, the study is also aimed at improving the understanding of  the grain market operation under the emerging new grain market structure.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Grain markets; Crop Production/Industries; Food Security and Poverty; Marketing; Q18.
Ano: 1998
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55598

Promoting Fertilizer Use in Ethiopia: The Implications of Improving Grain Market Performance, Input Market Efficiency, and Farm Management
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demeke,   Mulat; Said,   Ali; Jayne,   Thomas S.
This report assesses how the recent deregulation of fertilizer prices will affect the  profitability of fertilizer use on various crops throughout Ethiopia. The report also identifies  other policy measures that can increase the cost-effective use of fertilizer to promote productivity  growth throughout the food system.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Fertilizer; Grain markets; Crop Production/Industries; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55594

Drought impacts and related risk management by smallholder farmers in developing countries: evidence from Awash River Basin, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Murendo,   Conrad; Keil,   Alwin; Zeller,   Manfred.
Climate risk studies have largely neglected household coping and adaptation strategies. In this paper we analyze drought impacts, drought risk management, and resulting drought resilience in Awash River Basin of Ethiopia based on socio-economic data collected from 43 randomly selected Peasant Associations. We find that severe drought periods have led to a significant depression of crop yields and to widespread death of livestock in the past. Drought periods have drastically increased the proportion of food insecure households and lengthened the duration of food insecurity in the area. Since, with climate change, drought periods are predicted to become more frequent in this region in the future, the problem of food insecurity is likely to become even more...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Drought; Drought risk management; Ethiopia; Environmental Economics and Policy; Production Economics; O13; Q12.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114750

Determinants of Smallholder Commercialization of Food Crops: Theory and Evidence from Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Pender,   John L.; Alemu,   Dawit.
In this paper, we develop a theoretical farm household model of food crop production and marketing decisions, derive testable hypotheses concerning the determinants of these decisions, and test these hypotheses, using data on cereal production and marketing collected from a nationally representative survey of 7,186 farm households in Ethiopia. Focusing on production and marketing decisions for teff and maize, the two most important crops in Ethiopia, we find that most producers of these crops are either autarkic or net buyers (especially for maize) and that net buyers and autarkic households are poorer in many respects than net sellers. This implies that interventions to increase cereal productivity will favorably affect distribution for most producers....
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Smallholder production; Commercial behavior; Market participation; Cereal crops; Ethiopia; Agribusiness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42354

Strengthening Agricultural Education and Training in Sub-Saharan Africa from an Innovation Systems Perspective: Case Studies of Ethiopia and Mozambique
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Davis,   Kristin E.; Ekboir,   Javier M.; Mekasha,   Wendmsyamregne; Ochieng,   Cosmas M.O.; Spielman,   David J.; Zerfu,   Elias.
This paper examines the role of postsecondary agricultural education and training (AET) in Sub-Saharan Africa in the context of the region’s agricultural innovation systems. Specifically, the paper looks at how AET in Sub-Saharan Africa can contribute to agricultural development by strengthening innovative capabilities, or the ability to introduce new products and processes that are socially or economically relevant to smallholder farmers and other agents in the agricultural sector. Using AET in Ethiopia and Mozambique as case studies, the paper argues that while AET is conventionally viewed in terms of its role in building human and scientific capital, it also has a vital role to play in building the capacity of organizations and individuals to transmit...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Agricultural education and training; Innovation systems; Sub-Saharan Africa; Ethiopia; Mozambique; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42363

Rural Innovation Systems and Networks: Findings from a Study of Ethiopian Smallholders
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Spielman,   David J.; Davis,   Kristin E.; Negash,   Martha; Ayele,   Gezahegn.
Agriculture in Ethiopia is changing. New players, relationships, and policies are influencing how smallholders access and use information and knowledge. Although this growing complexity suggests opportunities for Ethiopian smallholders, too little is known about how these opportunities can be effectively leveraged to promote pro-poor processes of rural innovation. This paper examines Ethiopia’s smallholder agricultural sector to provide qualitative insights into the interactions between smallholders and other actors in the agricultural sector and the contribution those interactions make to the smallholders’ innovation processes. Case studies of smallholder innovation networks in 10 communities suggest that public sector extension and administration exert a...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Agricultural Development; Innovation; Technology; Social Networks; Social Learning; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42332

The bang for the Birr: Public expenditures and rural welfare in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mogues,   Tewodaj; Ayele,   Gezahegn; Paulos,   Zelekawork.
Tipo: Report
Palavras-chave: Government Spending Policy; Ethiopia; Rural Poor; Rural Social Service; Community/Rural/Urban Development.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47223

Children's Educational Completion Rates and Dropouts in the Context of Ethiopia's National Poverty Reduction Strategy
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Woldehanna,   Tassew; Jones,   Nicola; Tefera,   Bekele.
A combination of quantitative and qualitative method was used to analyse the determinants of school completion/dropout of children from primary education. A Cox box proportional hazard model was used analyse the survival of children in primary education. The findings have important implications for the formulation and revising Ethiopian Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper. While the policy focus of the 1996-initiated ESDP and the SDPRP (2002-5) on increasing educational access for all has been broadly successful, children from poor and/or highly indebted families still face significant constraints because they have to contribute to household survival through paid and unpaid work. It is therefore imperative to increase efforts to improve the livelihood options...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Education; Children; Ethiopia; PRSP; Poverty; Survival analysis; Labor and Human Capital; A2; D1; J2.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25351

Meeting Food Aid and Price Stabilization Objectives through Local Grain Purchase: A Review of the 1996 Experience
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Amha,   Wolday; Stepanek,   Julie; Jayne,   Thomas S.; Negassa,   Asfaw.
The objective of this paper is to identify factors that can improve the ability of  future local purchase activities to achieve a range of national food policy objectives. This  analysis reviews the design and implementation of 1996 local purchase activities in Ethiopia in  relation to three key policy objectives: price stabilization for farmers; promoting the  development of a competitive and low-cost food marketing system; and procuring food aid resources  in a cost effective manner.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55596

Agricultural Technology Adoption and Rural Poverty: Application of an Endogenous Switching Regression for Selected East African Countries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Asfaw,   Solomon; Shiferaw,   Bekele A.
Achieving agricultural growth and development and thereby improving rural household welfare will require increased efforts to provide yield enhancing and natural resources conserving technologies. Agricultural research and technological improvements are therefore crucial to increase agricultural productivity and thereby reduce poverty. However evaluation of the impact of these technologies on rural household welfare have been very limited by lack of appropriate methods and most of previous research has therefore failed to move beyond estimating economic surplus and return to research investment. This paper evaluates the potential impact of adoption of modern agricultural technologies on rural household welfare measured by crop income and consumption...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural household welfare; Technology adoption; Propensity score matching; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Tanzania; Food Security and Poverty; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; C13; C15; O32; O38.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97049

Meeting Food Aid and Price Support Objectives through Local Grain Purchase: A Review of the 1996 Experience in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Grain Marketing Research Project, Ministry of Economic Development and Cooperation, Addis Ababa
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Food security; Food policy; Ethiopia; Food aid; Food Security and Poverty; Q18.
Ano: 1997
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54956

Commodity-based Trade and Market Access for Developing Country Livestock Products: The Case of Beef Exports from Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Rich,   Karl M.; Perry,   Brian D.; Kaitibie,   Simeon.
While Ethiopia is Africa’s largest livestock producer, sanitary and phytosanitary (SPS) barriers and animal diseases have traditionally constrained market access. A system dynamics model examined the feasibility of a proposed SPS certification system under a number of scenarios. Model results indicate that the system may not be viable for beef exports to Middle Eastern markets. However, the binding constraint is high domestic input costs rather than the costs of SPS compliance. Sensitivity analyses reveal that while investments in feed efficiency and animal productivity would enhance Ethiopia’s export competitiveness, the competitive nature of international beef markets may still prevent market access.
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: SPS; Livestock; Market access; System dynamics; Ethiopia; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Q10; Q13.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/53794

Collective Action and Vulnerability: Burial Societies in Rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Dercon,   Stefan; Hoddinott,   John; Krishnan,   Pramila; Woldehanna,   Tassew.
Collective action can help individuals, groups, and communities achieve common goals, thus contributing to poverty reduction. Drawing on longitudinal household and qualitative community data, the authors examine the impact of shocks on household living standards, study the correlates of participation in groups and formal and informal networks, and discuss the relationship of networks with access to other forms of capital. In this context, they assess how one form of collective action, iddir, or burial societies, help households attenuate the impact of illness. They find that iddir effectively deal with problems of asymmetric information by restricting membership geographically, imposing a membership fee, and conducting checks on how the funds were spent....
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Collective action; Burial societies; Shocks; Vulnerability; Poverty; Networks; Ethiopia; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44356

Identifying Asset Poverty Thresholds – New methods with an application to Pakistan and Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Naschold,   Felix.
Understanding how households escape poverty depends on understanding how they accumulate assets over time. Therefore, identifying the degree of linearity in household asset dynamics, and specifically any potential asset poverty thresholds, is of fundamental interest to the design of poverty reduction policies. If household asset holdings converged unconditionally to a single long run equilibrium, then all poor could be expected to escape poverty over time. In contrast, if there are critical asset thresholds that trap households below the poverty line, then households would need specific assistance to escape poverty. Similarly, the presence of asset poverty thresholds would mean that short term asset shocks could lead to long term destitution, thus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Poverty dynamics; Semiparametric Estimation; Penalized Splines; Pakistan; Ethiopia; Consumer/Household Economics; I32; C14; O12.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19115

WHY DOES POVERTY PERSIST IN RURAL ETHIOPIA?
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Bogale,   Ayalneh; Hagedorn,   Konrad; Korf,   Benedikt.
This paper seeks to address the question: why does poverty persist in rural Ethiopia? We argue that it is largely a lack of entitlements to fundamental livelihood assets which urges poor rural farmers into livelihood diversification to make a living. We base our findings on empirical work, which is based on information gathered from a three-round survey of 149 rural households in Ethiopia during 1999/2000 cropping season. The FGT poverty index is employed to examine the extent and severity of rural poverty and reveals that nearly 40% of the sample households live below poverty line with average poverty gap of 0.047. The binary logit estimates shed light on factors behind the persistence of poverty and indicates that rural poverty is strongly linked to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Rural poverty; Livelihoods; Diversification; Ethiopia; Food Security and Poverty.
Ano: 2003
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25857

ON ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE AND RISK EXPOSURE IN THE NILE BASIN OF ETHIOPIA
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Di Falco,   Salvatore; Veronesi,   Marcella.
This study investigates the impact of climate change adaptation on farm households’ downside risk exposure (e.g., risk of crop failure) in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The analysis relies on a moment-based specification of the stochastic production function. We estimate a simultaneous equations model with endogenous switching to account for the heterogeneity in the decision to adapt or not, and for unobservable characteristics of farmers and their farm. We find that (i) climate change adaptation reduces downside risk exposure, i.e., farm households that implemented climate change adaptation strategies get benefits in terms of a decrease in the risk of crop failure; (ii) farm households that did not adapt would benefit the most in terms of reduction in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Endogenous switching; Ethiopia; Risk exposure; Stochastic production function; Skewness; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Risk and Uncertainty; D80; Q18; Q54.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/115549

Farmers’ health and agricultural productivity in rural Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Ulimwengu,   John M.
This paper estimates a stochastic production using household survey data to analyze the relationship between farmers’ health impediments and agricultural production efficiency in Ethiopia. The results show that healthy farmers produce more per unit of inputs, earn more income and supply more labor than farmers affected by sickness. The model results show that production inefficiency increases significantly with the number of days lost to sickness. This finding suggests that investing in the health sector in rural areas will not only improve farmers’ agricultural performance but also increase their income. Policymakers should therefore devise strategies that will maximize the contribution of health investments to agricultural productivity and the overall...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Health; Productivity; Stochastic frontier; Efficiency; Ethiopia; Health Economics and Policy; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/56902

On trade efficiency in the Ethiopian agricultural markets
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Quattri,   Maria A.
The availability of enabling institutions, information systems and infrastructure is a precondition to enhance agricultural markets’ efficiency, and make market actors less vulnerable to price instability. This paper investigates whether the focus on institutional and technological upgrading is enough to make Ethiopian agricultural markets more efficient. In particular, given that a requirement for exchange efficiency is the lack of unexploited mutually beneficial spatial arbitrage opportunities, we look for evidence of increasing returns to transaction size and returns to scale in transport using detailed trader surveys collected in 2001 and 2007. Whilst transport costs could be reduced by assembling loads and avoiding trans-shipments for the...
Tipo: Presentation
Palavras-chave: Ethiopia; Market efficiency; International Development; Risk and Uncertainty; O13; Q13.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122512

The Bang for the Birr: Public Expenditures and Rural Welfare in Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Mogues,   Tewodaj; Ayele,   Gezahegn; Paulos,   Zelekawork.
This paper explores and compares the impact of different types of public spending on rural household welfare in Ethiopia. The analysis of public financial and household-level data reveals that returns to road investments are significantly higher than returns to other spending, but are much more variable across regions. This regional variability in returns to road investment suggests that the government should carefully consider region-differentiated investment priorities. Some evidence suggests that the returns to road spending are increasing over time, with higher returns to road investments seen in areas with better-developed road networks. Among the other types of public spending, the household expenditure impacts of per capita public expenditure in...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Public investment; Public spending; Ethiopia; Rural welfare.; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42411

Farming or burning? shadow prices and farmer’s impatience on the allocation of multi-purpose resource in the mixed farming system of Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Teklewold,   Hailemariam.
In crop-livestock mixed farming system where farm yard manure (FYM) is considered as important multi-purpose resource such as source of soil organic matter, additional source of income and household source of energy, soil fertility depletion could takes place within the perspective of the household allocation pattern of FYM. This paper estimates structural FYM-allocation model in the presence of corner solution, with the objective of examining the role of various returns to FYM and farmer’s impatience on the propensity to allocate FYM for alternative purposes. We illustrate the model using data based on a random sample of 493 farm households in the central highlands of Ethiopia. We find that the higher the selling price of FYM is the higher the incentive...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Impatience; Shadow price; Allocation; Farm yard manure; Ethiopia; Farm Management; Q01; Q12.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116080

Computing Opportunity Costs of Growing Local Varieties for On-farm Conservation: Illustrations Using Sorghum Data from Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Wale,   Edilegnaw; Mburu,   John G.; Estrella,   Jaime.
The recent shift of emphasis to on-farm conservation is driven by its diverse attractive features - participatory nature, dynamic nature, capacity to maintain not only crop diversity but the knowledge that evolves with it, the chance it offers and the challenge it brings to link conservation with farmers' livelihood. To make it operational, placing incentives and removal of perverse incentives are of critical importance. However, before placing sound incentives compatible to farmers' circumstances, the opportunity costs farmers face when using local varieties of public interest should be understood. This paper empirically examines farmers' opportunity costs of maintaining local varieties of sorghum using a household survey data collected from 198 sorghum...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Opportunity costs; Incentive design; On-farm conservation; Crop genetic resources; Ethiopia; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25675

Ethiopian muscids (Diptera, Muscidae) egg-carriers of Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae)
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: COURI,MÁRCIA S.; JORDAENS,KURT; GEERAERT,LORE; MATHEUS,RAFAEL; VIEIRA-ARAÚJO,ANGELINA P.
Abstract: We here report for the first time on the presence of three species of the conopid genus Stylogaster Macquart (Diptera, Conopidae) in Ethiopia, viz. S. nitens Brunetti, S. westwoodi Smith and Stylogaster sp.. We further screened 908 muscid flies (Diptera, Muscidae) for the presence of impaled eggs of Stylogaster and recorded eggs on 89 individuals (9.8%). Eggs were impaled on eight species, viz. Limnophora translucida Stein, Musca lusoria Wiedemann, Musca splendens Pont, Neomyia chrysopyga (Emden), Pseudohelina nigritarsis (Jaennicke), Stomoxys omega Newstead, Stomoxys taeniatus Bigot and Stomoxys varipes (Bezzi). The maximum number of eggs found on a single muscid was six. We illustrated the dissected eggs. L. translucida, M. lusoria, M....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Afrotropical region; Dart-eggs; Ethiopia; New record.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000500502

Treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients under directly observed treatment in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Getahun,Belete; Ameni,Gobena; Medhin,Girmay; Biadgilign,Sibhatu.
BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of mortality among infectious diseases worldwide. For effective tuberculosis control, it is a pre-requisite to detect the cases as early as possible, and to ensure that the tuberculosis patients complete their treatment and get cured. However, in many resource-constrained settings treatment outcome for tuberculosis has not been satisfactory. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to assess the treatment outcome of tuberculosis patients and investigate the association of demographic and clinical factors with treatment success of patients enrolled in Directly Observed Treatment Short Course program in government owned health centers over the course of five consecutive years in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. METHODS:...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Treatment outcome; Tuberculosis DOTS; Ethiopia.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000500003

Treatment outcome of human immunodeﬁciency virus and tuberculosis co-infected patients in public hospitals of eastern and southern zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Belayneh,Mehretu; Giday,Kalayta; Lemma,Hailemariam.
Background:Tuberculosis is a leading cause of death among people living with human immunodeﬁciency virus. In sub-Saharan Africa, tuberculosis accounts for more than 78% of all deaths among people with human immunodeﬁciency virus.Objectives:To assess tuberculosis treatment outcome and the associated factors in adult tuberculosis/human immunodeﬁciency virus co-infected patients in four public hospitals of eastern and southern zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia.Methodology:Institution based cross-sectional study design was used to examine secondary data from tuberculosis/human immunodeﬁciency virus co-infected patients attending four public hospitals of eastern and southern zone of Tigray, from January 2009 to August 2011. Systematic random sampling technique...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Treatment outcome; TB/HIV co-infected; Tigray; Ethiopia.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000100047

Tuberculosis treatment outcome and associated factors among smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Afar, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective study
Provedor de dados: 55
Autores: Zenebe,Tizazu; Tefera,Ermias.
ABSTRACT Evaluating the outcomes of tuberculosis treatment and understanding the specific reasons for unfavorable treatment outcome are important in evaluating the effectiveness of tuberculosis control program. A retrospective study was conducted to assess tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors among smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in zone-one health facilities of Afar regional state, Ethiopia. A total of 380 smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients’ registration book recorded with complete information from Jan 2011 to Dec 2013 were analyzed. Of 380 patients included in the analysis, 238 were male and 142 female with mean age of 30.7. Overall treatment outcome were 128 (33.7%) cured, 192 (50.2%) completed, 17 (4.5%)...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis; Treatment outcome; Smear positive pulmonary TB; Ethiopia.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702016000600635