Consulta: subjectFacets:"Genetic selection"
Registros recuperados: 14
Data/hora: 03/06/2024 10:52:59

Is the human species still evolving?: to where?
Provedor de dados: 74
Autores: Salzano,Francisco M.
The questions of the title have been considered in several ways. First, indications of the traits which make us humans were considered. Then the behavior and culture concepts were examined, and the biology and culture interactions discussed, with an emphasis on the similarities and differences between the genetic and cultural transmissions. Next diverse types of selective pressures were reviewed, and finally pessimistic and optimistic views of our future contrasted. Vigorous action against acts which lead to exclusion and discriminatory policies against human subjects is needed.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biology and culture; Genetic selection; Cultural selection; Fluctuating selection; Exploratory behavior.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572012000600002

Evidence of donor effect on cultured pearl quality from a duplicated grafting experiment on Pinctada margaritifera using wild donors
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Tayale, Alexandre; Gueguen, Yannick; Treguier, Cathy; Le Grand, Jacqueline; Cochennec-laureau, Nathalie; Montagnani, Caroline; Ky, Chin-long.
Producing high quality cultured black pearls from Pinctada margaritifera is one of the major challenges for the "pearl oyster" industry in French Polynesia. In order to assess donor effect on cultured pearl quality, wild Pinctada margaritifera originating from the Tuamotu Archipelago were used in a duplicated grafting experiment. After 12 months of culture, nucleus retention was assessed and seven pearl quality traits recorded on the 454 cultured pearls harvested from the experiment. The traits scored were nacre thickness and pearl weight, surface defects, lustre, grade, and the colour components: 1) darkness of cultured pearl colour, and 2) visual perception of colour class (bodycolor and/or overtone). Our results demonstrate for the first time that...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Cultured pearl oyster; Pearl quality; Nacre; Donor mollusc; Genetic selection; Pteriidae; Blacklip pearl oyster; Pinctada margaritifera; French Polynesia.
Ano: 2012
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00116/22757/20541.pdf

Etude des tris précoces en élevage de crevettes P. stylirostris dans un objectif de sélection génétique. Février à Juillet 2000.
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: De Decker, Sophie.
Schemes optimisation for genetic improvement for growth of Penaeus stylirostris requires the development of technologies for grading shrimps easily. This work shows that bar and mesh graders are very suitable for early selection at post-larval stages, as long as early growth is heritable.  Experimental data sets lead to the equations which give the grading weight as a function of the dimensions of the graders. Mesh graders which allow an earlier selection than bar graders (PL19 instead of PL25) open a new way to implement experimental selection into production hatcheries.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Tri; Sélection génétique; Crevettes; Penaeus stylirostris; Grading; Sorter; Genetic selection; Shrimps; Penaeus stylirostris.
Ano: 2000
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00203/31439/29836.pdf

Potential for Genetic Improvement of Resistance to Perkinsus olseni in the Manila Clam, Ruditapes philippinarum, Using DNA Parentage Assignment and Mass Spawning
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Smits, Morgan; Enez, Florian; Ferraresso, Serena; Dalla Rovere, Giulia; Vetois, Emilie; Auvray, Jean-françois; Genestout, Lucie; Mahla, Rachid; Arcangeli, Giuseppe; Paillard, Christine; Haffray, Pierrick; Bargelloni, Luca.
The Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum, a major cultured shellfish species, is threatened by infection with the microparasite Perkinsus olseni, whose prevalence increases with high water temperatures. Under the current trend of climate change, the already severe effects of this parasitic infection might rapidly increase the frequency of mass mortality events. Treating infectious diseases in bivalves is notoriously problematic, therefore selective breeding for resistance represents a key strategy for mitigating the negative impact of pathogens. A crucial step in initiating selective breeding is the estimation of genetic parameters for traits of interest, which relies on the ability to record parentage and accurate phenotypes in a large number of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum); Perkinsus olseni infection; Disease resistance; Genetic selection; Genetic parameter estimation.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00658/77031/78319.pdf

Genetically based resistance to summer mortality in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and its relationship with physiological, immunological characteristics and infection processes
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Samain, Jean-francois; Degremont, Lionel; Soletchnik, Patrick; Haure, Joel; Bedier, Edouard; Ropert, Michel; Moal, Jeanne; Huvet, Arnaud; Bacca, Helene; Van Wormhoudt, A; Delaporte, Maryse; Costil, K; Pouvreau, Stephane; Lambert, Christian; Boulo, Viviane; Soudant, Philippe; Nicolas, Jean-louis; Leroux, Frederique; Renault, Tristan; Gagnaire, Beatrice; Geret, Florence; Boutet, Isabelle; Burgeot, Thierry; Boudry, Pierre.
Summer mortality of Pacific oysters is known in several countries. However no specific pathogen has been systematically associated with this phenomenon. A complex combination of environmental and biological parameters has been suggested as the cause and is now starting to be identified. A high genetic basis was found for survival in oysters when a first generation (G1) was tested in three sites during summer. This paper presents a synthesis on physiological characteristics of two selected groups ('R' and 'S', from families selected for resistance and susceptibility to summer mortality respectively), of the second and third generations. R and S showed improvement or reduction of survival compared with the control in both field and laboratory trials...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: ROS; Temperature; Stress; Hemocytes; Reproduction; Genetic selection; Resistant oyster; Crassostrea gigas; Pacific Oyster; Summer mortality.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-2809.pdf

Characterisation of physiological and immunological differences between Pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) genetically selected for high or low survival to summer mortalities and fed different rations under controlled conditions
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Delaporte, Maryse; Soudant, P; Lambert, C; Jegaden, M; Moal, Jeanne; Pouvreau, Stephane; Degremont, Lionel; Boudry, Pierre; Samain, Jean-francois.
Within the framework of a national scientific program named "MORtalites ESTivales de l'huitre creuse Crassostrea gigas" (MOREST), a family-based experiment was developed to study the genetic basis of resistance to summer mortality in the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas. As part of the MOREST project, the second generation of three resistant families and two susceptible families were chosen and pooled into two respective groups: "R" and "S". These two groups of oysters were conditioned for 6 months on two food levels (4% and 12% of oyster soft-tissue dry weight in algal dry weight per day) with a temperature gradient that mimicked the Marennes-Oleron natural cycle during the oyster reproductive period. Oyster mortality remained low for the first two...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Summer mortality; Reproduction; Reactive oxygen species ROS; Hemocyte parameters; Genetic selection; Crassostrea gigas.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2007/publication-3578.pdf

Family effect on cultured pearl quality in black-lipped pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera and insights for genetic improvement
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Ky, Chin-long; Blay, Carole; Sham-koua, Manaarii; Vanaa, Vincent; Lo, Cedrik; Cabral, Philippe.
Individual Pinctada margaritifera molluscs were collected from the Takapoto atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) and used to produce ten first generation full-sib families in a hatchery system, following artificial breeding protocols. After three years of culture, these progenies were transferred to Rangiroa atoll (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia) and tested for their potential as graft donors. A large-scale grafting experiment of 1500 grafts was conducted, in which a single professional grafter used ten individual donor oysters from each of the ten families, grafting 15 recipient oysters from each donor. The recipient oysters were all obtained from wild spat collection in Ahe (Tuamotu Archipelago, French Polynesia). After 18 months of...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Cultured pearl oyster; Pearl quality; Progeny effects; Heritability; Genetic selection; Pinctada margaritifera; French Polynesia.
Ano: 2013
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00152/26310/24380.pdf

Estructura genética de las poblaciones de Stegastes  partitus (Perciformes: Pomacentridae) en cinco  localidades del archipiélago cubano y Bocas del Toro,  Panamá.
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Castellanos Gell, J.
La mayoría de los peces de arrecifes poseen un estadio larval pelágico durante el cual pueden ser  transportados largas distancias.  La inferencia  de estos patrones de conectividad  a partir de  estudios genético-poblacionales, ha cobrado gran auge debido a su utilidad en el diseño de áreas  marinas protegidas. Este trabajo se propone analizar la influencia de las posibles barreras físicas,  la biología de la especie y sus potenciales de dispersión, en la estructura genética de Stegastes  partitus y brindar elementos al esclarecimiento de esta problemática en el archipiélago cubano. Se  colectaron individuos de cinco localidades del archipiélago cubano: Los Canarreos y La Bajada, en  la región Suroccidental; y por el Norte: Cayo Coco, Los Colorados, y...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Population genetics; Marine structures; DNA; Genetic selection.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5513

Heredabilidad y correlaciones genéticas y fenotípicas para caracteres de crecimiento en el camarón blanco Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936), (Decapoda, Dendrobranchiata).
Provedor de dados: 20
Autores: Bécquer Zuñiga, U.
En  Cuba el  cultivo  de  camarÿn marino    Litopenaeus  schmitti  ha  sido una  actividad  priorizada  por  el  Estado,  por  la  cantidad  de  empleos  que  genera  y  los  ingresos  obtenidos  por  la  comercializaciÿn  del  producto  final.  Trabajos  previos  indican  el  conocimiento de la estructura genþtica de las poblaciones de esta especie empleando  marcadores moleculares, existen estudios sobre reproducciÿn y nutriciÿn. Finalmente,  el cierre del ciclo de cultivo en cautiverio sumado a la experiencia de casi dos dþcadas  en esta actividad promueven  la necesidad de comenzar el mejoramiento genþtico de  L. schmitti por crýas selectivas en el paýs. En este  trabajo se describe  una metodologýa para la  formaciÿn de grupos genþticos  por...
Tipo: Theses and Dissertations
Palavras-chave: Shrimp culture; Genetic selection; Population genetics.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1834/5399

Selection of Erva-mate Progenies for Leaf Weight Productivity, Temporal Stability and Adaptability
Provedor de dados: 190
Autores: Sturion, José Alfredo; Resende, Marcos Deon Vilela de.
This paper aimed to select progenies of “erva-mate” (Ilex paraguariensis St. HiI.) in Ivai - PR based on leaf weight productivity, stability and adaptability across three harvests. This can be achieved by the method MHPRVG (harmonic average of relative performance of genetic values) which is comparable with the methods by Annichiaricco and Lin &amp; Binns. The genetic material was constituted by 25 half sib progenies evaluated in a complete block design with ten replicates and six plants per plot, in a 3 x 2 meters spacing. Leaf weight per tree  was evaluated at ages two, four and six years  after planting. There were some changes in progenies  ranking across harvests. The methods MHPRVG, Annichiaricco and Lin &amp; Binns led to selection of the  same...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Erva-mate improvement; Genetic selection; Genotype x harvests interaction Melhoramento genético da erva-mate; Seleção genética; Interação genótipo x safras.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://pfb.cnpf.embrapa.br/pfb/index.php/pfb/article/view/239

Stability and adaptability for wood volume in the selection of Eucalyptus saligna in three environments
Provedor de dados: 86
Autores: Oliveira,Thiago Wendling Gonçalves de; Paula,Rinaldo Cesar de; Moraes,Mario Luiz Teixeira de; Alvares,Clayton Alcarde; Miranda,Aline Cristina; Silva,Paulo Henrique Muller da.
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the genotype x environment (GxE) interaction in open-pollinated Eucalyptus saligna progenies for simultaneous selection for greater stability and adaptability for wood volume, as well as to compare the selection strategies through combined and individual analyses in three environments. Three experiments were conducted in a randomized complete block design, with four replicates and six plants per plot, with 102 to 122 progenies. Three years after planting, survival rate and wood volume were evaluated. The genetic parameters were estimated by the maximum restricted likelihood and best linear unbiased prediction (REML/Blup) methods, and the stability and adaptability analysis was conducted using the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Forest breeding; Genetic selection; Genotype × environment interaction; REML/Blup.
Ano: 2018
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2018000500611

Notes on the Economics of Fish Biodiversity: Linkages between Aquaculture and Fisheries
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Tisdell,   Clement A.
While genetic selection and cultivation of organisms have helped to support a larger human population at a higher standard of living, than otherwise, these developments have also led to a loss of biodiversity, particularly in the wild.  The more recent development of aquaculture continues this development process.  In this note, aquaculture practices that are likely to lead to biodiversity loss are listed and their consequences are specified.  Trends in fish supplies from aquaculture compared to supplies from the wild are outlined.  These indicate increasing replacement of supplies form the wild by aquaculture.  A similar pattern seems to be emerging as has emerged in agriculture and in silvaculture.  This is likely to accelerate biodiversity loss in wild...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper
Palavras-chave: Aquaculture; Loss of biodiversity; Genetic selection; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55096

Farm Level Economic Implications of Genetic Selection for Improving Milk Fat Composition
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Demeter,   Robert Milan; Bovenhuis,   Henk; Kristensen,   Anders Ringgaard; Oude Lansink,   Alfons G.J.M.; Meuwissen,   Miranda P.M.; van Arendonk,   Johan A.M.
The objective of the study was to assess the farm level economic implications of value-adding genetic selection strategies to improve milk fat composition. Selection based on a quantitative trait (ratio of total saturated to total unsaturated fatty acids in milk) or a known genotype (for the DGAT1 gene) was considered. Technical and economic performance of hypothetical herds were computed by a herd optimization and simulation model. It was assumed that the herds are already bred for the specific milk composition, and the transition period was not considered. Correlated effects of the selection scenarios on milk production, female fertility, and functional longevity traits were accounted for. Results showed that increasing the total unsaturated fatty acids...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Dairy cattle; Genetic selection; Milk composition; Farm economics; Livestock Production/Industries.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114444

Breeding goals and economic values for Nellore cattle in a full-cycle production system
Provedor de dados: 2
Autores: Moreira, Heverton Luis; Savegnago, Rodrigo Pelicioni; Freitas, Luara Afonso; Lôbo, Raysildo Barbosa; Bezerra, Luiz Antônio Framartino; Paz, Claudia Cristina Paro de.
The objective of this study was to develop a bio-economic model for the estimation of economic values of economically important traits in a full-cycle beef cattle production system. The bio-economic model calculated economic values by simulating the impact of changes in the profit of the system consisting of a 1% increase in each trait of the breeding objective, while the other traits were kept constant. The bio-economic model was effective in estimating the sources of revenues and expenses of the production system. The estimated economic values were, in the order of importance for the full-cycle system, R$ 3.69 for male slaughter weight, R$ 3.63 for male weaning weight, R$ 3.58 for weaning rate, R$ 3.40 for female slaughter weight, R$ 2.30 for female...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: 5.04.02.00-5 bio-economic model; Economic weights; Genetic selection; Productive traits.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/43361