Consulta: subjectFacets:"Global change"
Registros recuperados: 39
Data/hora: 01/06/2024 01:03:42

Aligning Key Concepts for Global Change Policy: Robustness, Resilience, and Sustainability
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Anderies, John M; Arizona State University; m.anderies@asu.edu; Folke, Carl; Beijer Institute for Ecological Economics; Stockholm Resilience Center, Stockholm University; carl.folke@beijer.kva.se; Walker, Brian; CSIRO Ecosystem Science; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Ostrom, Elinor; Indiana University; ostrom@indiana.edu.
Globalization, the process by which local social-ecological systems (SESs) are becoming linked in a global network, presents policy scientists and practitioners with unique and difficult challenges. Although local SESs can be extremely complex, when they become more tightly linked in the global system, complexity increases very rapidly as multi-scale and multi-level processes become more important. Here, we argue that addressing these multi-scale and multi-level challenges requires a collection of theories and models. We suggest that the conceptual domains of sustainability, resilience, and robustness provide a sufficiently rich collection of theories and models, but overlapping definitions and confusion about how these conceptual domains articulate with...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Fragility; Global change; Governance; Institutions; Resilience; Robustness; Sustainability.
Ano: 2013

Understanding Resilience in a Vulnerable Industry: the Case of Reef Tourism in Australia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Biggs, Duan; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University ; ancientantwren@gmail.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Coral reefs; Disturbance; Global change; Resilience; Shock; Tourism; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2011

Global change and conservation triage on National Wildlife Refuges
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Johnson, Fred A; U.S. Geological Survey; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Eaton, Mitchell J; U.S. Geological Survey; mitchell.eaton@usgs.gov; McMahon, Gerard; U.S. Geological Survey; gmcmahon@usgs.gov; Nilius, Raye; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; raye_nilius@fws.gov; Bryant, Michael R.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; mike_bryant@fws.gov; Case, David J.; DJ Case &amp; Associates; dave@djcase.com; Martin, Julien; U.S. Geological Survey; julienmartin@usgs.gov; Wood, Nathan J; U.S. Geological Survey; nwood@usgs.gov; Taylor, Laura; North Carolina State University; lotaylor@ncsu.edu.
National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the United States play an important role in the adaptation of social-ecological systems to climate change, land-use change, and other global-change processes. Coastal refuges are already experiencing threats from sea-level rise and other change processes that are largely beyond their ability to influence, while at the same time facing tighter budgets and reduced staff.  We engaged in workshops with NWR managers along the U.S. Atlantic coast to understand the problems they face from global-change processes and began a multidisciplinary collaboration to use decision science to help address them. We are applying a values-focused approach to base management decisions on the resource objectives of land managers, as well as...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Allocation; Decision analysis; Ecosystem valuation; Global change; National Wildlife Refuge; Objectives; Policy; Portfolio analysis; Reserve design; Stakeholders.
Ano: 2015

Constructing Consistent Multiscale Scenarios by Transdisciplinary Processes: the Case of Mountain Regions Facing Global Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Brand, Fridolin Simon; Natural and Social Science Interface, Institute for Environmental Decisions, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; fridolin.brand@env.ethz.ch; Seidl, Roman; Natural and Social Science Interface; Institute for Environmental Decisions; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; roman.seidl@env.ethz.ch; Le, Quang Bao; Natural and Social Science Interface; Institute for Environmental Decisions; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; quang.le@env.ethz.ch; Scholz, Roland Werner; Natural and Social Science Interface; Institute for Environmental Decisions; Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich; roland.scholz@env.ethz.ch.
Alpine regions in Europe, in particular, face demanding local challenges, e.g., the decline in the agriculture and timber industries, and are also prone to global changes, such as in climate, with potentially severe impacts on tourism. We focus on the Visp region in the Upper Valais, Switzerland, and ask how the process of stakeholder involvement in research practice can contribute to a better understanding of the specific challenges and future development of mountainous regions under global change. Based on a coupled human-environment system (HES) perspective, we carried out a formative scenario analysis to develop a set of scenarios for the future directions of the Visp region. In addition, we linked these regional scenarios to context scenarios...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Global change; Human-environment systems; Mountain regions; Scenario analysis; Sustainability science; Switzerland; Transdisciplinarity.
Ano: 2013

Developing a Scientific Basis for Managing Earth's Life Support Systems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Daily, Gretchen C; Stanford University; gdaily@leland.stanford.edu.
Here, I review the motivation and science behind efforts to characterize and manage ecosystems as capital assets. I then describe some recent work to evaluate the potential for sustaining biodiversity and ecosystem services in human-dominated landscapes.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Countryside biogeography; Ecological economics; Ecosystem Services Framework; Global change; Interdisciplinary collaboration.
Ano: 1999

The Contributions of Regional Knowledge Networks Researching Environmental Changes in Latin America and Africa: a Synthesis of what they can do and why they can be policy relevant
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Lahsen, Myanna; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; myanna@sir.inpe.br; Swap, Robert; University of Virginia; swapper@virginia.edu; McNie, Elizabeth; Department of Political Science, Purdue University; emcnie@gmail.com; Ometto, Jean P. H. B.; Instituto de Pesquisas Espaciais; jean.ometto@inpe.br; Schor, Tatiana; Universidade Federal do Amazonas; tschor@ufam.edu.br; Tiessen, Holm; Inter-American Institute for Global Change Research; htiessen@dir.iai.int; Andelman, Sandy; Conservation International; sandelman@conservation.org; Annegarn, Harold; Department of Geography, Environmental Management and Energy Studies, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, South Africa; hannegarn@gmail.com.
We provide a synthesis of what regional scientific research networks in less developed regions of the world can do and why they might be relevant for societal decisions and practice. We do so through a focus on three regional science network initiatives that aim to enhance understanding of the multiscalar dynamics of global environmental change (GEC) regionally and globally, namely the Southern Africa Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000), the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia (LBA), and the Inter-American Institute for Global Change (IAI).  With a view to aiding future efforts at regional research network formation, we assess whether and how these three networks enhanced regional science, and the extent to which they sought and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Africa; Capacity building; Global change; Latin America; Scientific research networks.
Ano: 2013

Vulnerability of the Tibetan Pastoral Systems to Climate and Global Change
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Wang, Yang; Peking University; iywang08@gmail.com; Wang, Jun; Peking University ShenZhen Graduate School; wangjun@pkusz.edu.cn; Li, Shuangcheng; Peking University; scli@urban.pku.edu.cn; Qin, Dahe; Peking University;China Meteorological Administration; qdh@cma.gov.cn.
The impacts of climate and global change on Tibetan pastoral systems have become increasingly evident. Thus, a significant research endeavor is to explore the combined effects of these changes on the livelihoods of herder households and communities, on the adaptation strategies they adopted to respond to the current and expected risks associated with these changes, and on the emerging opportunities that can strengthen their resilience and adaptive capacity. We performed an integrated analysis of the dynamics of Tibetan pastoral systems influenced by climate and global changes by using the analytical framework developed by Ostrom. Climate and global changes have significantly altered the attributes of and the interactions within Tibetan pastoral systems,...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Climate change; Global change; Herders; Livelihood; Tibetan Plateau; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2014

Observations on Drivers and Dynamics of Environmental Policy Change: Insights from 150 Years of Forest Management in British Columbia
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Hagerman, Shannon M; Institute for Resources, Environment and Sustainability, University of British Columbia; University of Washington, Climate Impacts Group; hshannon@interchange.ubc.ca; Dowlatabadi, Hadi; University of British Columbia; Resources for the Future; Carnegie Mellon University; hadi.d@ubc.ca; Satterfield, Terre; University of British Columbia; satterfd@interchange.ubc.ca.
Human and ecological elements of resource management systems co-adapt over time. In this paper, we examine the drivers of change in forest management policy in British Columbia since 1850. We asked: How has a set of system attributes changed over time, and what drivers contributed to change when it occurred? We simultaneously examined a set of three propositions relating to drivers and dynamics of policy change. We find that factors contributing to the level of impacts, like technology, changed substantially over time and had dramatic impacts. In partial contrast, the institutions used to exercise control (patterns of agency and governance) remained the same until relatively recently. Other system attributes remained unchanged (e.g., the concept of...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: British Columbia; Change; Drivers; Forest management; Global change; Historical analysis; Science and policy; Social&amp;#8211; Ecological system; Uncertainty.
Ano: 2010

Uncertainty, Climate Change, and Adaptive Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Peterson, Garry; McGill University; garry.peterson@mcgill.ca; De Leo, Giulio A; Agenzia Regionale per la Protezione dell' Ambiente; deleo@dsa.unipr.it; Hellmann, Jessica J; Stanford University; jessicah@leland.stanford.edu; Janssen, Marco A; Indiana University; maajanss@indiana.edu; Kinzig, Ann; Arizona State University; Ann.Kinzig@asu.edu; Malcolm, Jay R; University of Toronto; jay.malcolm@utoronto.ca; O'Brien, Karen L; -; kobrien@online.no; Pope, Shealagh E; Environment Canada; shealagh.pope@ec.gc.ca; Rothman, Dale S; Columbia University; drothman@bio2.edu; Shevliakova, Elena; Carnegie Mellon University; lenish@cmu.edu; Tinch, Robert R.T.; York University, UK; rrtt100@york.ac.uk.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Climate change; Global change; Uncertainty; Models.
Ano: 1997

An Overview of the Implications of Global Change for Natural and Managed Terrestrial Ecosystems
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Walker, Brian; CSIRO Sustainable Ecosystems; Brian.Walker@csiro.au; Steffen, Will; ; Will.Steffen@dwe.csiro.au.
Global change is the net effect of individual and interactive effects of changes in land use, atmospheric composition, biological diversity, and climate.  A synthesis of the past six years' activities of the Global Change and Terrestrial Ecosystems project of the IGBP (International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme) deals with global change effects as ecosystem responses and living with global change. Ecosystem responses are considered in terms of changes in function and vegetation composition/structure. Field experiments of elevated CO2 effects on aboveground biomass show, on average, a positive effect on biomass, ranging from -20% to +80%. Some early predictions of CO2 effects (C3 vs. C4 plants, N-fixers, C:N in litter) are not generally supported, and it...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Biomes; Carbon dioxide; Climate; Dynamics; Ecosystem functioning; Global change; Impacts; Land use; Terrestrial biosphere; Vegetation changes.
Ano: 1997

Robustness, vulnerability, and adaptive capacity in small-scale social-ecological systems: The Pumpa Irrigation System in Nepal
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Cifdaloz, Oguzhan; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Ogu@asu.edu; Regmi, Ashok; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; Ashok.Regmi@gmail.com; Anderies, John M; ASU School of Human Evolution and Social Change; School of Sustainability; m.anderies@asu.edu; Rodriguez, Armando A; Intelligent Embedded Systems Laboratory (IeSL), ASU Fulton School of  Engineering; aar@asu.edu.
Change in freshwater availability is arguably one of the most pressing issues associated with global change.  Agriculture, which uses roughly 70% of the total global freshwater supply, figures prominently among sectors that may be adversely affected by global change.  Of specific concern are small-scale agricultural systems that make up nearly 90% of all farming systems and generate 40% of agricultural output worldwide.  These systems are experiencing a range of novel shocks, including increased variability in precipitation and competing demands for water and labor that challenge their capacity to maintain agricultural output.  This paper employs a robustness-vulnerability trade-off framework to explore the capacity of these small-scale systems to cope...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Adaptive capacity; Agriculture; Dynamic systems; Food security; Freshwater availability; Global change; Small-scale irrigation systems; Mathematical model; Nepal; Robustness; Social-ecological systems; Vulnerability.
Ano: 2010

Spatial Modeling of Risk in Natural Resource Management
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Jones, Peter; CIAT (International Center for Tropical Agriculture); p.jones@cgiar.org; Thornton, Philip K; International Livestock Research Institute; P.Thornton@cgiar.org.
Making decisions in natural resource management involves an understanding of the risk and uncertainty of the outcomes, such as crop failure or cattle starvation, and of the normal spread of the expected production. Hedging against poor outcomes often means lack of investment and slow adoption of new methods. At the household level, production instability can have serious effects on income and food security. At the national level, it can have social and economic impacts that may affect all sectors of society. Crop models such as CERES-Maize are excellent tools for assessing weather-related production variability. WATBAL is a water balance model that can provide robust estimates of the potential growing days for a pasture. These models require large...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports
Palavras-chave: Crop modeling; Dryland agriculture; Global change; Global Circulation Model; Maize; Markov models; MarkSim; Natural resource management; Risk; Southern Africa; Spatial modeling; Weather simulation.
Ano: 2002

Vulnerability of Worldwide Pastoralism to Global Changes and Interdisciplinary Strategies for Sustainable Pastoralism
Provedor de dados: 7
Autores: Dong, Shikui; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; dongshikui@sina.com; Wen, Lu; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; wenlu5210@126.com; Liu, Shiliang; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; shiliangliu@163.com; Zhang, Xiangfeng; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; xfzhang999@gmail.com; Lassoie, James P.; Department of Natural Resources, Cornell University; jpl4@cornell.edu; Yi, Shaoliang; NRM (Land and Water), Aga Khan Foundation (Afghanistan), Kabul, Afghanistan; syi@icimod.org; Li, Xiaoyan ; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; lxynmu.2008@163.com; Li, Jinpeng; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; lijp_cool@126.com; Li, Yuanyuan ; Environmental School, Beijing Normal University; yuanyuanhaha1989@163.com.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis
Palavras-chave: Adaptation management; Global change; Pastoral systems; Resilience enhancement; Vulnerability mitigation.
Ano: 2011

Robustness of plant-flower visitor webs to simulated climate change
Provedor de dados: 67
Autores: Devoto,Mariano; Zimmermann,Martín; Medan,Diego.
Climate change threatens the integrity of pollination webs by decoupling plants and flower visitors both phenologically and ecologically. We simulated a range shift of flower-visitor species along a steep east-west rainfall gradient to explore resulting patterns of extinction. The systems studied seemed to be rather robust to range shifts. This results from (a) the positive correlation between the geographic range and both the local (i.e. at each site) and the regional (i.e. pooling across sites) number of interaction partners of the plants and flower visitors of these webs, and (b) a nested assembly of interactions at the regional level. In a broader context, this study reveals itself as a useful tool for understanding the links between the interaction...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Mutualism disruption; Plant-pollinator interaction; Patagonia; Global change; Extinction; Nestedness.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1667-782X2007000100004

Climate and land-use changes effects on the distribution of a regional endemism: Melanophryniscus sanmartini (Amphibia, Bufonidae)
Provedor de dados: 76
Autores: Rosenstock,Nicole; Toranza,Carolina; Brazeiro,Alejandro.
ABSTRACT Amphibians are the most threatened vertebrate group according to the IUCN. Land-use and land cover change (LULCC) and climate change (CC) are two of the main factors related to declining amphibian populations. Given the vulnerability of threatened and rare species, the study of their response to these impacts is a conservation priority. The aim of this work was to analyze the combined impact of LULCC and CC on the regionally endemic species Melanophryniscus sanmartini Klappenbach, 1968. This species is currently categorized as near threatened by the IUCN, and previous studies suggest negative effects of projected changes in climate. Using maximum entropy methods we modeled the effects of CC on the current and mid-century distribution of M....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Species distribution modeling; Global change; Conservation; Threatened species.
Ano: 2015
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212015000200209

La pêche, une activité ancestrale en mutation
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gros, Philippe.
Fisheries and aquaculture provide at least 15% of their animal protein diet to 4.3 billion persons. The rise of aquaculture dates back to the end of the 1980s, when fisheries’ production rate was beginning to decline, sounding the end of its post World War II growth phase. The volume of official landings culminated 25 years ago, without outlook for any further increase. About 60% of fish stocks are currently exploited at the maximum sustainable yield (MSY) level, most of the other ones being overexploited because of the chronic overcapacity of the fleets and of poorly regulated access to fishing. The ecosystem approach to fisheries (EAF) emerged as paradigm shift in the 1990s, underpinning the renewal of management objectives and governance along with...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Common fishery policy; Ecological footprint; Ecosystem approach to fisheries; Fisheries; Global change; Good ecological status.
Ano: 2014
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00183/29414/27775.pdf

Combined effects of temperature, irradiance and pH on   Teleaulax amphioxeia   (Cryptophyceae) physiology and feeding ratio for its predator   Mesodinium rubrum   (Ciliophora)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gaillard, Sylvain; Charrier, Aurelie; Malo, Florent; Carpentier, Liliane; Bougaran, Gael; Hégaret, Helene; Réveillon, Damien; Hess, Philipp; Séchet, Veronique.
The cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia is a source of plastids for the ciliate Mesodinium rubrum and both organisms are members of the trophic chain of several species of Dinophysis. It is important to better understand the ecology of organisms at the first trophic levels before assessing the impact of principal factors of global change on Dinophysis spp. Therefore, combined effects of temperature, irradiance and pH on growth rate, photosynthetic activity and pigment content of a temperate strain of T. amphioxeia were studied using a full factorial design (central composite design 23*) in 17 individually controlled bioreactors. The derived model predicted an optimal growth rate of T. amphioxeia at a light intensity of 400 µmol photons · m‐2 · s‐1, more...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Dinophysis; Ecophysiology; Full factorial design; Global change; Mesodinium rubrum; Teleaulax amphioxeia.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00609/72155/70910.pdf

From bottom landers to observatory networks
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Person, Roland; Aoustin, Yannick; Blandin, Jerome; Marvaldi, Jean; Rolin, Jean-francois.
For a long time, deep-sea investigation relied on autonomous bottom landers. Landers call vary in size from 200 kg weight to more than 2 t for the heaviest scientific landers and are used during exploration cruises oil medium periods, from one week to some months. Today, new requirements appear. Scientists want to understand in detail the phenomena outlined during exploration cruises, to elaborate a model for future forecasting. For this, it is necessary to deploy instrumentation at a precise location often for a long period. A new mode of ocean science investigation Using long-term seafloor observatories to obtain four dimensional data sets has appeared. Although this concept has been proposed for many years, the high level of investment required limits...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Environment; Seismology; Global change; Multidisciplinary long term observatories; Landers.
Ano: 2006
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2006/publication-3604.pdf

Global change and climate-driven invasion of the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) along European coasts: a bioenergetics modelling approach
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Thomas, Yoann; Pouvreau, Stephane; Alunno-bruscia, Marianne; Barille, Laurent; Gohin, Francis; Bryere, Philippe; Gernez, Pierre.
Aim  The spread of non-indigenous species in marine ecosystems world-wide is one of today's most serious environmental concerns. Using mechanistic modelling, we investigated how global change relates to the invasion of European coasts by a non-native marine invertebrate, the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.  Location Bourgneuf Bay on the French Atlantic coast was considered as the northern boundary of C. gigas expansion at the time of its introduction to Europe in the 1970s. From this latitudinal reference, variations in the spatial distribution of the C. gigas reproductive niche were analysed along the north-western European coast from Gibraltar to Norway.  Methods The effects of environmental variations on C. gigas physiology and phenology were studied...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Biogeographical range expansion; Crassostrea gigas; DEB model; European coasts; Functional traits; Global change; Individual-based model; Invasive species; Remote-sensing.
Ano: 2016
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00287/39828/38459.pdf

Editorial: Extreme Benthic Communities in the Age of Global Change
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sandulli, Roberto; Ingels, Jeroen; Zeppilli, Daniela; Sweetman, Andrew Kvassnes; Hardy Mincks, Sarah; Mienis, Furu; Chin-lin, Wei.
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Benthos; Global change; Extreme environment; Biodiversity; Ecosystem functioning.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/77990/80200.pdf

Alkenone distributions in the North Atlantic and Nordic sea surface waters
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Sicre, Ma; Bard, E; Ezat, U; Rostek, F.
The C(37)-C(39) alkenones were quantified in suspended particulate matter obtained from the surface waters of the North Atlantic, including the Nordic seas, over a temperature range of 4degrees20 C. U(37)(K') values were linearly correlated to temperature over the entire range covered by our data set, i.e., 420 C (U(37)(K') = 0.027T + 0.036, r(2) = 0.97). The compilation of water column data from the Atlantic, Pacific, and Southern Ocean and Mediterranean Sea suggests that the linear model may not be the best function for fitting U(37)(K') and in situ temperature values. It also shows that suspended matter data from warm waters (T &gt;20degreesC) are still needed to constrain the equation of the global curve. High abundances of C(37: 4) were found in the...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Alkenones; Paleotemperature; Calibration; Atlantic Ocean; Plankton; Geochemistry; Marine geochemistry; Global change; Biogeochemical processes (4805); Oceanography; Paleoceanography.
Ano: 2002
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00223/33393/31866.pdf

Pinctada margaritifera responses to temperature and pH: Acclimation capabilities and physiological limits
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Moullac, Gilles; Soyez, Claude; Latchere, Oihana; Vidal-dupiol, Jeremie; Fremery, Juliette; Saulnier, Denis; Lo Yat, Alain; Belliard, Corinne; Mazouni-gaertner, Nabila; Gueguen, Yannick.
The pearl culture is one of the most lucrative aquacultures worldwide. In many South Pacific areas, it depends on the exploitation of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera and relies entirely on the environmental conditions encountered in the lagoon. In this context, assessing the impact of climatic stressors, such as global warming and ocean acidification, on the functionality of the resource in terms of renewal and exploitation is fundamental. In this study, we experimentally addressed the impact of temperature (22, 26, 30 and 34 °C) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide pCO2 (294, 763 and 2485 μatm) on the biomineralization and metabolic capabilities of pearl oysters. While the energy metabolism was strongly dependent on temperature, results showed...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Global change; Pearl oyster; Bioenergetic; Biomineralization; Pacific ocean; French Polynesia.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00332/44364/43969.pdf

Marine reserves can mitigate and promote adaptation to climate change
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Roberts, Callum M.; O'Leary, Bethan C.; Mccauley, Douglas J.; Cury, Philippe Maurice; Duarte, Carlos M.; Lubchenco, Jane; Pauly, Daniel; Saenz-arroyo, Andrea; Rashid Sumaila, Ussif; Wilson, Rod W.; Worm, Boris; Carlos Castilla, Juan.
Strong decreases in greenhouse gas emissions are required to meet the reduction trajectory resolved within the 2015 Paris Agreement. However, even these decreases will not avert serious stress and damage to life on Earth, and additional steps are needed to boost the resilience of ecosystems, safeguard their wildlife, and protect their capacity to supply vital goods and services. We discuss how well-managed marine reserves may help marine ecosystems and people adapt to five prominent impacts of climate change: acidification, sea-level rise, intensification of storms, shifts in species distribution, and decreased productivity and oxygen availability, as well as their cumulative effects. We explore the role of managed ecosystems in mitigating climate change...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecological insurance; Marine protected areas; Nature-based solution; MPA; Global change.
Ano: 2017
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00625/73712/76769.pdf

Études écophysiologiques sur Dinophysis et sa chaîne alimentaire, et effets in vitro du dinoflagellé et de ses toxines sur les premiers stades de vie de deux modèles d'animaux marins (l’huître et le poisson)
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gaillard, Sylvain.
Harmful algal blooms of Dinophysis are responsible for diarrheic shellfish poisoning in human consumers of contaminated mollusks after bioaccumulation of their toxins. Dinophysis is a mixotrophic organism, which sequesters chloroplasts from a unique prey Mesodinium rubrum to perform its own photosynthesis, itself mixotrophic and feeds a cryptophyte, Teleaulax amphioxeia. The relationship between these three organisms is fundamental to understand the distribution and bloom dynamics of Dinophysis. In a first study, the effects of temperature, irradiance and pH on physiological aspects of T. amphioxeia were determined using a full factorial design before assessing the effect of contrasting physiological states after acclimation to two light intensities of T....
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Changement global; Crassostrea gigas; Cyprinodon variegatus; Dinophysis; Efflorescences; Mesodinium; Pecténotoxines; Teleaulax; Toxines diarrhéiques; Crassostrea gigas; Cyprinodon variegatus; Diarrheic toxins; Dinophysis; Global change; Harmful algal blooms; Mesodinium; Pectenotoxins; Teleaulax.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00666/77807/79981.pdf

Capturing the big picture of Mediterranean marine biodiversity with an end-to-end model of climate and fishing impacts
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Moullec, Fabien; Velez, Laure; Verley, Philippe; Barrier, Nicolas; Ulses, Caroline; Carbonara, Pierluigi; Esteban, Antonio; Follesa, Cristina; Gristina, Michele; Jadaud, Angelique; Ligas, Alessandro; Díaz, Eduardo López; Maiorano, Porzia; Peristeraki, Panagiota; Spedicato, Maria Teresa; Thasitis, Ioannis; Valls, Maria; Guilhaumon, François; Shin, Yunne-jai.
The Mediterranean Sea is one of the main hotspots of marine biodiversity in the world. The combined pressures of fishing activity and climate change have also made it a hotspot of global change amidst increasing concern about the worsening status of exploited marine species. To anticipate the impacts of global changes in the Mediterranean Sea, more integrated modelling approaches are needed, which can then help policymakers prioritize management actions and formulate strategies to mitigate impacts and adapt to changes. The aim of this study was to develop a holistic model of marine biodiversity in the Mediterranean Sea with an explicit representation of the spatial, multispecies dynamics of exploited resources subject to the combined influence of climate...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Ecosystem model; Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management; OSMOSE model; NEMOMED model; Eco3M-S model; Global change.
Ano: 2019
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00512/62408/66668.pdf

Integrated management of pearl culture in French Polynesia in the context of global change: Synopsis of existing results
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Gueguen, Yannick; Gaertner-mazouni, Nabila; Lo, Cedrik; Le Moullac, Gilles.
The paper presents a state of the art on knowledge of the black pearl oyster aquaculture at the scale of French Polynesia. It also introduces the main results obtained throughout the multi-partners POLYPERL project. The goal of this project was to develop an integrated and participative action-research of the pearl oyster culture system, focusing on the environmental, technological, economical and societal dimensions impacting the industry. The research proposed ranges from the understanding of biological phenomena of the production system to socio-economic aspects and governance of the industry, taking into account the management of anthropogenic, climate and health risks. We introduce here the different papers from the POLYPERL project that are compiled...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Pearl culture; Global change; French Polynesia; Pinctada margaritifera.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00346/45698/45320.pdf

Toward a Comprehensive and Integrated Strategy of the European Marine Research Infrastructures for Ocean Observations
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Dañobeitia, Juan Jose; Pouliquen, Sylvie; Johannessen, Truls; Basset, Alberto; Cannat, Mathilde; Pfeil, Benjamin Gerrit; Fredella, Maria Incoronata; Materia, Paola; Gourcuff, Claire; Magnifico, Giuseppe; Delory, Eric; Del Rio Fernandez, Joaquin; Rodero, Ivan; Beranzoli, Laura; Nardello, Ilaria; Iudicone, Daniele; Carval, Thierry; Gonzalez Aranda, Juan M.; Petihakis, George; Blandin, Jerome; Kutsch, Werner Leo; Rintala, Janne-markus; Gates, Andrew R.; Favali, Paolo.
Research Infrastructures (RIs) are large-scale facilities encompassing instruments, resources, data and services used by the scientific community to conduct high-level research in their respective fields. The development and integration of marine environmental RIs as European Research Vessel Operators [ERVO] (2020) is the response of the European Commission (EC) to global marine challenges through research, technological development and innovation. These infrastructures (EMSO ERIC, Euro-Argo ERIC, ICOS-ERIC Marine, LifeWatch ERIC, and EMBRC-ERIC) include specialized vessels, fixed-point monitoring systems, Lagrangian floats, test facilities, genomics observatories, bio-sensing, and Virtual Research Environments (VREs), among others. Marine ecosystems are...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: European marine Research Infrastructures (RIs); Multi- and inter-disciplinary ocean observing systems; Global change; Geo-hazards; Marine ecosystem.
Ano: 2020
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00622/73460/72700.pdf

Impact of pCO2 on the energy, reproduction and growth of the shell of the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Le Moullac, Gilles; Soyez, Claude; Vidal-dupiol, Jeremie; Belliard, Corinne; Fievet, Julie; Sham-koua, Manaarii; Lo-yat, Alain; Saulnier, Denis; Gaertner-mazouni, N.; Gueguen, Yannick.
The possible consequences of acidification on pearl farming are disruption of oyster metabolism and change in growth. In the laboratory, we studied the impact of pCO2 (3540, 1338 and 541μatm) on the physiology of pearl oysters exposed for 100 days. This experiment was repeated after an interval of one year. Several physiological compartments were examined in pearl oysters: the scope for growth by measuring ingestion, assimilation and oxygen consumption, gametogenesis by means of histological observations, shell growth by measurement and observation by optical and electronic microscopy, and at molecular level by measuring the expression of nine genes of mantle cells implied in the biomineralisation process. Results from both experiments showed that high...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Global change; Pearl oyster; Bioenergetic; Biomineralization; Pacific Ocean; French Polynesia.
Ano: 2016
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00321/43189/42737.pdf

Rebound in functional distinctiveness following warming and reduced fishing in the North Sea
Provedor de dados: 5
Autores: Murgier, Juliette; Mclean, Matthew; Maire, Anthony; Mouillot, David; Loiseau, Nicolas; Munoz, François; Violle, Cyrille; Auber, Arnaud.
Functionally distinct species (i.e. species with unique trait combinations in the community) can support important ecological roles and contribute disproportionately to ecosystem functioning. Yet, how functionally distinct species have responded to recent climate change and human exploitation has been widely overlooked. Here, using ecological traits and long-term fish data in the North Sea, we identified functionally distinct and functionally common species, and evaluated their spatial andtemporaldynamics in relation to environmental variables and fishing pressure. Functionally distinct specieswere characterized by late sexualmaturity, few, large offspring, and high parental care,many being sharks and skates that play critical roles in structuring food...
Tipo: Text
Palavras-chave: Functional diversity; Ecological trait; Fisheries; Global change; Ecosystem functioning; Conservation.
Ano: 2021
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00668/78019/80270.pdf

Long-term changes in coral assemblages under natural and anthropogenic stress in Jakarta Bay (1920–2005)
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Meij, S.E.T. van der; Suharsono; Hoeksema, B.W.
Coral reefs in Jakarta Bay have been subjected to scientific studies since the 1920s. Also from that time on biological collections were made. The reefs in the Jakarta Bay have been under long-term natural and anthropogenic stress. With the biological collections and historical documents the coral species richness in Jakarta Bay around 1920 was reconstructed. New data from this bay and the adjacent offshore Thousand Islands archipelago were obtained during a 2005 research expedition. A comparison of the coral assemblages between 1920 and 2005 reveals a clear decline in species numbers. The most prominent results include the near-shore disappearance of species belonging to the families Acroporidae, Milleporidae, and to a lesser extent Poritidae. The overall...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity change; Global change; Kepulauan Seribu; Reef degradation; Scientific collections; Scleractinia.
Ano: 2010
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/409044

TRY – a global database of plant traits
Provedor de dados: 16
Autores: Kattge, J.; Lens, F.
Plant traits – the morphological, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and phenological characteristics of plants and their organs – determine how primary producers respond to environmental factors, affect other trophic levels, influence ecosystem processes and services and provide a link from species richness to ecosystem functional diversity. Trait data thus represent the raw material for a wide range of research from evolutionary biology, community and functional ecology to biogeography. Here we present the global database initiative named TRY, which has united a wide range of the plant trait research community worldwide and gained an unprecedented buy-in of trait data: so far 93 trait databases have been contributed. The data repository currently...
Tipo: Article / Letter to the editor
Palavras-chave: Comparative ecology; Database; Environmental gradient; Functional diversity; Global analysis; Global change; Interspecific variation; Intraspecific variation; Plant attribute; Plant functional type; Plant trait; Vegetation model; 42.44.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.repository.naturalis.nl/record/423730

Colonization by mites of glacier-free areas in King George Island, Antarctica
Provedor de dados: 86
Autores: Gryziak,Grzegorz.
This work aimed to investigate the ratio of colonization by terrestrial mites on ice-free areas created by the ongoing climate-induced melting of Antarctic glaciers. Glacier retreat opens new ice-free areas for the colonization by vegetation and animals. The study was undertaken on the Antarctic Specially Protected Area no. 128 (West Coast of the Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetlands Islands). Transects marked between the Ecology, Baranowski and Windy Glaciers, and a sea shore were used to collect soil samples. Oribatid mites were found only on near-shore areas, on patches of vegetation of more than 30 years of age. The colonization by mite communities is strongly determined by the presence of plants.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Oribatid mites; Global change; Glacier melting.
Ano: 2009
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2009000800013

Crop Production Functions for Analysis of Global Change Impacts in Spain
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Gomez,   Sonia Quiroga; Iglesias,   Ana.
The goal of this paper is to increase the capacity of the agriculture sector to understand and respond to the climate variability, by reducing the uncertainty of the farmers over decisions that are affected for meteorological conditions. To study the yield responses to meteorological variables in the past is crucial to understand the vulnerability of the agriculture to the climate change in the future. We have estimated regression models where the historical yields have been put in dependence of variables that can represent main drivers of global change, such as climate variables and technological ones. In this context we evaluate its influence over the yields. Among the conclusions we find that the adaptation to climate change requires challenges in which...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation
Palavras-chave: Spanish agriculture; Climate; Global change; Crop Production/Industries; C50; C52; Q10.
Ano: 2005
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24565

The influence of climate change, technological progress and political change on agricultural land use: calculated scenarios for the Upper Danube catchment area
Provedor de dados: 31
Autores: Henseler,   Martin; Wirsig,   Alexander; Krimly,   Tatjana; Dabbert,   Stephan.
Both climate and agricultural policy changes are commonly seen as important drivers for agricultural production. In this study, scenarios of climate and political change were calculated for the Upper Danube catchment area using the regional optimization model ACRE. Two political scenarios were calculated for the year 2020. One scenario assumes the continuation of the Common Agricultural Policy reform 2003 the other assumes a strong shift away from payments of the first pillar to payments of the second pillar of the CAP. Both scenarios were combined with four different scenarios of climate change and technological progress derived from ICCP SRES assumptions and the ACCELERATES project. The results of the scenario calculations were analysed with respect to...
Tipo: Journal Article
Palavras-chave: Global change; Regional model; Climate change; Agricultural policy scenarios; Agricultural land use; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2008
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97594

Perspectives on biodiversity science in Brazil
Provedor de dados: 63
Autores: Scarano,Fabio Rubio.
Biodiversity issues in Brazil have reached a critical point. On one hand, biodiversity science is increasing in quality and quantity, however on the other, habitat destruction in all major biomes still maintain alarmingly high rates. This paradox, from a scientific perspective, has two central tenets that scientists should focus on. First, although science related to biodiversity is of high standard in Brazil as compared to that of peers in the world, it is still not at the leading edge of research. Second, the wealth of information built up by strong research programmes, such as Biota/Fapesp - to which this special issue of Scientia Agricola is dedicated - is beginning to help decision-makers to improve precision and quality of their decisions concerning...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity/ecosystem function; Global change; Leading-edge science; Scientific communication; Scientific education.
Ano: 2007
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-90162007000400016

Effects of ocean warming, eutrophication and salinity variations on the growth of habitat-forming macroalgae in estuarine environments
Provedor de dados: 39
Autores: Borburema,Henrique Douglas dos Santos; Lima,Ruth Pessoa de; Miranda,George Emmanuel Cavalcanti de.
ABSTRACT Global change and coastal eutrophication are affecting macroalgae worldwide. We analyzed the effects of increased water temperature (25, 28 and 32 °C) and eutrophication on the growth of Bostrychia binderi and Bostrychia montagnei in a range of salinities (18, 24, 30, 36 and 42 PSU) through three independent multifactorial experiments. Both species had higher growth at 25 °C than at 28 and 32 °C (warming scenario projected by IPCC), suggesting a negative effect of ocean warming. The species showed a broad tolerance to the range of salinities tested, with higher growth at 36 and 42 PSU, as a local adaptation strategy. Oligotrophic seawater significantly affected the growth of both species because the lowest growth was found in this condition,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Bostrychia; Bostrychietum; Climate change; Ecophysiology; Estuarine macroalgae; Eutrophication; Global change; Growth; Salinity variation; Sea level rise.
Ano: 2020
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0102-33062020000400662

An overview of the 2017 report of the French academy of Sciences on biodiversity
Provedor de dados: 42
Autores: LAVOREL,SANDRA; LEBRETON,JEAN-DOMINIQUE; MAHO,YVON LE.
Abstract: In the present context of concerns for biodiversity, the French Academy of Sciences produced in 2017 a report entitled “Mechanisms of adaptation of biodiversity to climate change and their limits”. We briefly review here the production process and structure of the report, and summarize its conclusions and recommendations. The conclusions emphasize the role of habitat fragmentation in the expected impact of climate change on biodiversity, in particular for organisms with limited dispersal abilities, and the disparities in species responses which must be taken to understand the future of species assemblages (“communities”) under different scenarios of climate change. The recommendations cover the organization of biodiversity research and monitoring...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article
Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Climate change; Global change; Adaptation.
Ano: 2019
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000600612

Carbon sequestration in the rain forest: alternatives using environmentally friendly biotechnology
Provedor de dados: 49
Autores: Buckeridge,Marcos S.; Aidar,Marcos P.M.
As carbon dioxide increases on Earth atmosphere, the rise in average temperatures may provoke changes in the environment that could damage civilisation as we know it. As a result, the need to sequester carbon becomes urgent, and one of the options we have is to use the potential of the forests to do it by enhancing assimilation of CO2 through photosynthesis. However, if we consider the use of plants to increase carbon sequestration, a problem that looms is that species often acclimate and actually reduce CO2 assimilation through feedback mechanisms of the sugars that are the product. In the present article, we propose that some biochemical pathways, such as those in control of photosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and assimilation, and cellulose and...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other
Palavras-chave: Global change; Carbon Sequestration; Photosynthesis; Rain Forest; Sugar Sensing; Cellulose synthesis; Gene therapy.
Ano: 2002
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032002000100002

CO2 and N2O emissions from an Andisol in Chile under a no-till system using non-fixed closed chambers
Provedor de dados: 117
Autores: Muñoz,Cristina; Paulino,Leandro; Vera,Jenniffer; Zagal,Erick.
Chile has different types of soil and climate conditions that favor a wide range of agricultural activities that can generate potential atmospheric contamination like greenhouse gases (GHG). Nevertheless, the contribution of agricultural soils to atmospheric emissions has yet to be measured in Chile. The aim of this study was to assess seasonal variability of CO2 and N2O effluxes in situ from a volcanic ash-derived soil under different agronomic management practices. Gas samples were obtained from headspaces of non-fixed closed chambers in an annual crop rotation under a no-till system in an Andisol in southern Chile (36° S). Two N-sources (NH4+ and NO3-) and ammonium fertilization plus two lime doses (0.5 and 1 Mg ha-1) were considered for soil treatments...
Tipo: Journal article
Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gases; Agriculture; Nitrogen; Global change; Air pollution.
Ano: 2011
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392011000200013